Abstract: An insulating multipane impact resistant window is disclosed that includes at least two panes and a sash, wherein the panes comprise a first pane and a second pane each of which is opposite and parallel to and spaced apart from the other and having a durable transparent polymer film adhered to and covering a surface of the pane that is facing the other pane, wherein the panes are spaced apart by and sealed to a spacer that is integral with the sash.

Abstract: A translucent wall element comprising a first plate-like member (1) of a transparent material and a second plate-like member (2) of a translucent material positioned at the outer side of said first plate-like member (1) substantially parallel to said first plate-like member. Means for coupling light into said first plate-like member are present. The surface (7) of said first plate-like member (1) is provided with spots of light-distribution means (8) at the side facing the second plate-like member (2). The light-distribution means (8) direct light radiation towards the other side of said first plate-like member (1).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for supplying a gas or gas mixture to the inside of partly formed packages which are ready-to-fill, before a subsequent filling and sealing of the packages in a filling machine. The method involves supplying the gas or gas mixture at any given moment as a flow which is radially outwardly and inwardly defined in relation to the inner wall of the package, with the flow being angled with respect to the geometric major longitudinal axis of the package which intersects its opening so that the flow, since it is defined by the inner wall of the package, is positively controlled for the formation of a helical flow vortex.

Abstract: This application discloses a method of making a laminated display, the method comprising the various steps including obtaining the items that will be used in the display; assembling the items used in the display on a first side of a lower sheet having a first and second side and an outer edge; covering the displayed items with an upper sheet; binding selected portions of the lower and upper sheets together using spot seals; removing the air within the display between the lower and upper sheet through the unsealed portion of the upper and lower sheets; and sealing the remaining unsealed portion of the display so as to form the laminated display. The application also discloses a method of providing such a display with personal items supplied by a client.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for filling an empty shaft tray with rod-shaped products. The shaft tray has shaft walls which form a plurality of shafts. The apparatus includes a filling hopper having a receiving region for a mass flow composed of the products, and a storage region for products comprising a front wall, a rear wall, side walls and a bottom wall. The storage region includes partitions that form a plurality of shafts adjacent to each other, wherein the partitions substantially extend over a full height of the storage region, and wherein the rear wall of the storage region includes openings for passage of the shaft walls of the shaft tray. A delivery element delivers the empty shaft tray into the receiving region of the filling hopper to be filled with the products. A removal element removes a filled shaft tray from the filling hopper.

Abstract: A packaging station of a packaging machine for filling containers with products, the station comprising a transport device for feeding the products along a feed path and via first and second charging paths which run parallel to said feed path and transport the containers. The containers are filled by a filling device designed to seize one or more of the products from the feed path and to place said seized products into one or more containers on one or other of the charging paths. The charging paths consist of the following sequence of items, listed in order in the displacement direction of the containers to be filled: a set-up assembly, a transport device and a sealing unit. The device and method permit a more rapid filling of packaging materials with products in a relatively small space, in particular on a platform.

Abstract: The invention relates to an installation for filling weekly blister packs, i.e. packaging units (11), with doses of different medicaments corresponding to the weekly requirements of several patients and to be taken by the respective patient in a certain order according to the day of the week and the time of the day, according to a doctor's prescription. Said installation is provided with output stations (19) associates with the medicaments, for automatically filling all or selected compartments (12) line-by-line. A longitudinal transport device (14) is used to sequentially transport the weekly blister packs to the output stations (16) that are individually associated with the different medicaments. The medicament doses are supplied to the output stations by means of transversal transport devices (17) individually associated with the medicaments.

Abstract: The packaging machine includes: a plurality of lane guides, the plurality of lane guides being spaced apart to form a plurality of lanes; a moveable conveyor belt having a first end and second end, the first end located beneath one of the plurality of lanes, the movable conveyor belt delivers the product to each of the plurality of lanes; a support device located at the plurality of lanes; and a shifting assembly attached to the plurality of lane guides. The method for packaging a case with a product includes: conveying a first plurality of the product to a first lane; supporting the first plurality of the product within the first lane; conveying a second plurality of the product to a second lane; shifting the first lane and the second lane in a first direction; and dropping the first plurality of the products into the case.

Abstract: An exhaust filter system includes a particulate filter (PF) that is disposed downstream from an engine. The PF filters particulates within an exhaust from the engine. A heating element heats particulate matter in the PF. A fastener limits expansion movement of the heating element relative to the PF.

Abstract: An apparatus assembly for an internal combustion engine, the apparatus including a liquid trap configured for fluid communication with an air intake conduit, to thereby receive at least a portion of condensation which forms within the air intake conduit when the conduit is feeding substantially humid, aftercooled and turbocharged air into an intake manifold of an internal combustion engine. The apparatus improves the useful life of internal combustion engines equipped with aftercoolers, especially those operated in ambient conditions of high relative humidity.

Abstract: A cyclone separating apparatus for a vacuum cleaner includes a first cyclone with an air entrance disposed on a lower portion of the first cyclone and an air exit disposed at an upper portion of the first cyclone; a first contaminants chamber substantially enclosing the first cyclone to collect contaminants discharged from the first cyclone; a plurality of second cyclones above the first cyclone, the plurality of second cyclones being substantially perpendicular to a center axis of the first cyclone; and a second contaminants chamber disposed outside the first contaminants chamber to collect contaminants discharged from the plurality of second cyclones.

Abstract: A honeycomb structure includes a first end face and a second end face substantially parallel to each other, a peripheral face interconnecting the first end face and the second end face, a ceramic block including plural through cells with partition walls inbetween, the cells extending from the first end face to the second end face, and a coating layer forming the peripheral face of the honeycomb structure. The thickness of the coating layer at the second end face is greater than at the first end face.

Abstract: The disclosure concern air cleaners. Preferred air cleaners are shown which include a housing and a removable and replacement primary filter cartridge. Optional and advantageous features are shown. The preferred primary filter cartridge is conical in shape. A preferred optional safety or secondary filter cartridge is shown. Preferred methods of assembly and use are provided.

Abstract: A pillar-shaped honeycomb structural body includes a first end face and a second end face substantially parallel to each other; and a peripheral surface connecting the first end face and the second end face. The first end face and the second end face have similar peripheral shapes. A taper rate P satisfies 0<P? approximately 4%, the taper rate P being expressed by the formula (1), taper rate P(%)=(D1?D2)/(2L)×100, wherein the maximum width of the first end face is D1, the maximum width of the second end face is D2, and the distance between the first end face and the second end face is L.

Abstract: The parking brakes at the drive wheels of a zero turning radius mower are automatically set when a pair of drive levers used for determining speed, steering and forward or reverse travel are placed in their neutral positions and swung outwardly to widespread, operator dismount positions. When the drive levers are widespread, switches associated with a control circuit are opened, allowing air cylinders to immediately exhaust pressurized air so that tension springs may actuate the brake assemblies to set the brakes. When the drive levers are returned to their operating modes and the ignition is turned on, the control switches are closed, energizing the control circuit to pressurize the air cylinders and release the brakes against the bias of the tension springs.

Abstract: A dual lever steering control mechanism for a zero turning radius mower includes left and right steering levers that are independently pivotable fore and aft between reverse, neutral and forward positions. Steering lever grips are attached to and project from the steering levers. Each steering lever grip has a mounting surface with an electrical switch on the mounting surface, and a protective structure extending from the mounting surface.

Abstract: A system for drying freshly grown forage involving the steps of placing loose mass forage on a receiving system; transporting the loose mass forage from the receiving system to a detangling mechanism; passing the loose mass forage through the detangling mechanism to break up any large clumps of forage and to create a forage carpet of a substantially uniform thickness; passing the forage carpet through a drying oven containing multiple chambers; drying the forage carpet to moisture content below the desired moisture content for the forage; and adding moisture to the forage carpet to bring the moisture content of the forage up to the desired moisture content.

Abstract: A mower deck lift system includes a transport lock for locking the mower deck in a transport position, a height of cut control knob connected to a height of cut cam having a plurality of mower deck height settings, and a height of cut pawl movable to engage or disengage the height of cut cam at each mower deck height setting. A transport lock crank may be locked in a transport position preventing the height of cut pawl from engaging the height of cut cam, or unlocked to allow the height of cut pawl to engage the height of cut cam. A transport lock indicator integrated into the height of cut control knob is connected to the transport lock crank, and is movable with the transport lock crank between the transport position and an unlocked position.

Abstract: An insect-expelling yarn net and a method for manufacturing the net are provided. The insect-expelling yarn net includes a yarn net and an insect-expelling substance. The insect-expelling substance is attached to the yarn net. The method includes steps of: providing a yarn net; providing a solution of an insect-expelling substance; placing the yarn net in the solution; and volatilizing a solvent of the solution so that the insect-expelling substance can be attached to the yarn net. Another method for manufacturing an insect-expelling yarn net is provided. The method includes steps of: providing yarns; providing a solution of an insect-expelling substance; placing the yarns in the solution; volatilizing a solvent of the solution so that the insect-expelling substance can be attached to the yarns; and weaving the yarns into a yarn net.

Abstract: An airjet spinning arrangement includes a fiber feed channel, which runs into a vortex chamber, and a fiber withdrawal channel, which exits out of the vortex chamber. The fiber withdrawal channel is arranged in a spindle-shaped component, which can be moved away from the fiber feed channel by a moving device. In order to clean the area of the entry opening of the thread withdrawal channel, a cleaning channel is provided, which is directed against the spindle-shaped component and is connected to a pressurized air source. The cleaning channel runs into a ring channel, which surrounds the spindle-shaped component. A first exit opening of this ring channel is designed so that it forms a ring opening surrounding the spindle-shaped component and is directed against the spindle shaped component when the spindle-shaped component is moved away from the fiber feed channel.

Abstract: An air jet spinning machine for producing spun threads from staple fiber strands includes a number of spinning positions, to each of which compressed air nozzles are arranged for the purpose of generating the spinning twist. A joint compressed air regulator is connected upstream of the spinning positions, which regulator includes a pressure sensor and a regulating device. The compressed air regulator is set at a reference pressure, which corresponds to the unregulated static pressure prevailing when all spinning positions are in operation. In the case of a change in the static pressure, the compressed air regulator re-adjusts to the reference pressure.

Abstract: An oil scavenge system includes a tangential scavenge scoop and a settling area adjacent thereto which separately communicate with a duct which feeds oil into an oil flow path and back to an oil sump. A shield is mounted over the settling area to at least partially shield the collecting liquid oil from interfacial shear. A multiple of apertures are located through the shield to permit oil flow through the shield and into the duct. The scavenge scoop forms a partition which separates the duct into a first portion and a second portion. The first portion processes upstream air/oil mixture that is captured by the tangential scoop while the second portion receives the oil collected in the settling area.

Abstract: Disclosed is a combined power generation unit 25 that is provided with a gasification unit including a gasification furnace 23 used to produce fuel gas and a gas turbine rotating using the fuel gas produced by the gasification unit to generate power. In order to produce the fuel gas required in the combined power generation unit 25 according to a required power load using the gasification unit, a feed-forward control of the gasification unit is performed, a dead time compensator 71 that compensates a lag and a dead time occurring while the fuel gas is fed from the gasification unit to the combined power generation unit is provided, and the gasification unit is operated using a zero flare process. A dead time compensator 46 is provided to delay the power load that is required in the combined power generation unit 25 on the basis of the lag and the dead time of the gasification unit so that the combined power generation unit 25 is operated while a follow-up is performed with a predetermined delay.

Abstract: The turbojet has a bearing which supports, in rotation and in thrust, a low-pressure compressor shaft of axis Z-Z of the engine. The bearing is lubricated with oil by means of two nozzles. A feed tube is fastened to the nose cone of the engine. This tube connects the low-pressure compressor shaft to the engine nose cone. A skin lines the wall of the engine nose cone, leaving a passage for the circulation of oil. A plurality of radial oil return tubes are placed between the most eccentric part of the skin relative to the Z-Z axis and the bearing, for returning the oil to the bearing. The return of the oil into the bearing is located at a distance R from the Z-Z axis larger than the radius r of the feed tube.

Abstract: The invention relates to a combination power plant which is embodied as a single shaft, power plant, essentially consisting of a gas turbine, a steam turbine and a generator which is connected therebetween. A coupling is arranged between the generator and the steam turbine, and at least one drive device, which is used to drive the single-shaft power plant, is also provided. The coupling is uncoupled during a turning operation and a control unit, which is used to control the rotational speed of the steam turbine, is provided.

Abstract: A fan variable area nozzle (FVAN) includes a flap assembly which varies a fan nozzle exit area through a cam drive ring. The flap assembly generally includes a multiple of flaps, flap linkages and an actuator system. The actuator system rotationally translates the cam drive ring relative an engine centerline axis which results in a follower of the flap linkage following a cam surface to pivot each flap such that the flap assembly dilates about the circumferential hinge line. Rotation of the cam drive ring adjusts dilation of the entire fan nozzle exit area in a symmetrical manner. Another cam drive ring includes a multiple of movable cams which engages the follower of the flap linkage of each flap such that pivotable movement of a particular number of the multiple of movable cams about a respective cam pivot results in vectoring of the FVAN.

Abstract: A fluid mixer for mixing two fluid streams 40, 42 includes a set of main lobes 26 defining alternating primary and secondary main chutes 30, 32, one or more auxiliary lobes 28 intermediate two of the main lobes, and an auxiliary fluid capture duct 62. The auxiliary lobes are defined, at least in part, by the discharge end of the duct. In operation, the duct conveys secondary fluid to secondary chutes 36 defined by the lobes thereby improving the performance of the mixer despite the presence of an obstruction 18 that would otherwise impede thorough mixing of two fluid streams.

Abstract: An exhaust emission control device for an internal combustion engine, which is capable of properly regenerating a NOx catalyst, while properly controlling NOx catalyst temperature and ensuring excellent drivability. As a regeneration operation, the exhaust emission control device feedback-controls a detected reducing condition of exhaust gases to a predetermined reducing condition, by controlling the amount of main fuel injected by main injection or feedback-controls the same to the predetermined reducing condition by controlling the amount of auxiliary fuel injected by auxiliary injection. The device determines whether the regeneration operation should be executed in a catalyst temperature control mode for controlling the NOx catalyst temperature. If, as a result of the determination, the regeneration operation should be executed in the catalyst temperature control mode, the device selects the feedback control of the main fuel amount, and otherwise selects the feedback control of the auxiliary fuel amount.

Abstract: This system in which the engine (4) is associated with feed means (7) adapted to implement regeneration strategies (10, 11) at a first level and at a second level depending on different engine operation control parameters in order to obtain different temperature levels in the exhaust line is characterized in that it includes acquisition means (9) for acquiring the exothermic temperature level of the catalyst-forming means (2), comparator means (8) for comparing said exothermic temperature level with a threshold value so that in the event of the threshold being exceeded while the second level strategy (10) is being applied, the feed means (7) are controlled in such a manner as to regulate one of the engine operation control parameters in order to reduce the exothermic temperature level, and if this temperature level does not drop back below the threshold value at the end of a first time period, the feed means (7) are controlled to switch over to the first level strategy (11), and if this exothermic temperature

Abstract: A NOx adsorber catalyst may comprise a housing defining an inlet configured to receive exhaust gas produced by an internal combustion engine, an outlet and a chamber between the inlet and the outlet. A NOx adsorber element may be positioned in the chamber adjacent to the inlet. The NOx adsorber element may be configured to trap NOx in the exhaust gas during lean fuel operation of the engine, and to release the trapped NOx and reduce the released NOx to nitrogen during rich fuel operation of the engine. A hydrocarbon trap may be positioned in the chamber between the NOx adsorber element and the outlet. The hydrocarbon trap may be configured to trap hydrocarbons that travel through the NOx adsorber element during the rich fuel operation of the engine. The trapped hydrocarbons may be oxidized by oxygen present in the exhaust gas during lean fuel operation following rich fuel operation.

Abstract: A process for operating a marine engine (1) in combination with a catalytic partial oxidation reformer (2) and, optionally, an exhaust gas aftertreater (3) , wherein: (a) a mixture of a first fuel and air, is introduced in the combustion chamber of the engine (1); (b) exhaust gas is discharged from the engine and optionally partly recirculated to the combustion chamber of the engine (1); (c) a second fuel and oxygen and/or steam are supplied to the catalytic partial oxidation reformer (2) to produce synthesis gas, wherein the second fuel comprises Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel; (d) at least part of the synthesis gas is supplied to: (i) the exhaust gas aftertreater (3); (ii) the combustion chamber of the engine (1); or to both.

Abstract: In an exhaust heat recovery system for an internal combustion engine, a heat pipe includes an evaporation portion in which a working fluid is heated and evaporated by heat exchange with exhaust heat from the internal combustion engine, a plurality of condensing portions in which the working fluid from the evaporation portion is cooled and condensed by heat exchange with respective subjects to be heated, and connection piping through which the condensing portions are connected to the evaporation portion in parallel with respect to the evaporation portion so as to form a closed circuit. Furthermore, a switching portion is located to switch a flow of the working fluid from the evaporation portion to any one between the condensing portions.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to shorten the axial dimension at and around the radially inner portion of the hydrodynamic torque transmitting device by devising structures at and around the thrust washer in a hydrodynamic torque transmitting device. A torque converter 1 transmits torque from the engine to an output extending toward the transmission through fluids. The torque converter 1 includes a front cover 2, an impeller 3, and a turbine 4. The turbine 4 includes a turbine shell 11 that is located opposite the impeller 3 and is provided with a plurality of blades, and a turbine hub 13 located at a radially inner end of the turbine shell 11 to couple the turbine shell 11 with the output shaft.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydrostatic drive (1) and to a method of braking a hydrostatic drive (1). In the hydrostatic drive (1), in a closed circuit a hydraulic pump (3) is connected by a first and a second working line (11, 12) to a hydraulic motor (4). The hydrostatic drive (1) comprises a brake actuation device (37) as well as at least one pressure relief valve (26, 30), which is connected to the working line disposed downstream of the hydraulic motor (4). The hydraulic pump (3) upon detection of an actuation of the brake actuation device (37) is adjustable to a braking delivery rate. The hydraulic motor (4) is adjusted in dependence upon the actuating intensity of the brake actuation device (37) in the direction of a larger absorption volume if the actuating intensity of the brake actuation device (37) increases.

Abstract: Actuators suited for use with, for example, vehicular suspension systems. In some embodiments, the present actuators include a reversible hydraulic pump configured to produce variable hydraulic pressure; a hydraulic cylinder assembly having a cylinder bore, and a piston positioned within the cylinder bore that is axially movable relative to the cylinder bore; and a hydraulic circuit hydraulically coupling the reversible hydraulic pump to the hydraulic cylinder assembly. In these embodiments, actuated axial motion of the piston relative to the cylinder bore is accomplished without the use of check valves, pressure regulating valves, or actively controlled valves.

Abstract: An apparatus for wave energy harnessing includes at least one slide shaft, a buoyant unit, an energy-transmitting unit, and a rotate unit. Said at least one slide shaft is firmly mounted on seabed. The buoyant unit is movably engaged with the slide shaft and has a reservoir and an adjusting board, so as to control the vertical position of the buoyant unit relative to sea level. The energy-transmitting unit is mounted on the buoyant unit. And the rotate unit rotatably engages with the energy-transmitting unit and connects with an energy-transforming unit through a transmission shaft. Thereby, the buoyant unit is driven by wave to vertically slide along the at least one slide shaft, the energy-transmitting unit rotates the transmission shaft of the rotate unit and thus the energy-transforming unit generates power.

Abstract: LNG cold is used in a plurality of cycles in a combined power plant to increase power output. Especially preferred plant configurations integrate a combined cycle power plant with a regasification operation in which in a first stage LNG cold provides cooling in an open or closed power cycle. Most preferably, a significant portion of the LNG is vaporized in the first stage. In a second stage LNG cold provides cooling for a heat transfer medium that is used to provide refrigeration for the cooling water to a steam power turbine and for an air intake chiller of a combustion turbine in the power plant.

Abstract: A startup control apparatus of an internal combustion engine including a supercharger having a turbine driven by exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine, a variable nozzle mechanism provided in the supercharger and regulating the flow rate of exhaust gas to the turbine, and an exhaust gas control catalyst arranged in an exhaust passage on the downstream side, with respect to the direction of exhaust gas flow, of the turbine. A controller selectively performs, during a cold start, control to increase the amount of combustion gas in a cylinder of the internal combustion engine by reducing the sectional area of a nozzle passage of the variable nozzle mechanism and increasing back pressure, and controls to deliver exhaust gas to the exhaust gas control catalyst by increasing the sectional area of the nozzle passage of the variable nozzle mechanism.

Abstract: The invention relates to an exhaust gas turbocharger internal combustion engine comprising at least one cylinder in which a fuel-air mixture which is pre-compressed by means of a compressor (10) is compressed and burned. Exhaust gas is created, that is evacuated from the cylinder and released in a turbine (19). Part of the exhaust gas evacuated from the cylinder is recirculated, before it is released in the turbine (19), via a high-pressure recirculation system provided with an exhaust gas cooling device comprising at least two cooling circuits that are guided through heat exchanging blocks (26,27) that are successively connected in the flow direction of the exhaust gas. The air of the invention is to create an exhaust gas turbocharger internal combustion engine that can be economically produced and has a high output.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an arrangement for recirculation of exhaust gases of a supercharged combustion engine. The arrangement comprises an exhaust line intended to lead exhaust gases out from the combustion engine, an inlet line intended to lead air which is at above atmospheric pressure to the combustion engine, a compressor adapted to the inlet line so that it is possible, via the return line, to recirculate exhaust gases from the exhaust line to the inlet line. The arrangement comprises a first EGR cooler in which the recirculating exhaust gases in the return line are cooled by the air in a portion of the inlet line which is situated downstream of the compressor in the inlet line with respect to the direction of flow of the air in the inlet line.

Abstract: A heat energy supply system and method capable of drastically increasing energy efficiency and energy supply efficiency, as well as a reconstruction method of the heat energy supply system. The heat energy supply system comprises a boiler for heating a heat medium and producing steam including water and other vapors, a heat pump including a steam turbine driven by the steam supplied from the boiler and a heat exchanger for heating the heat medium by employing waste heat or heat obtained from environment, thereby producing the steam at a setting temperature, and a steam supply line for supplying the steam discharged from the steam turbine and the steam heated by the heat exchanger to a heat utilization facility.

Abstract: A system for preventing the onset, or mitigating the effect, of thermoacoustic instability in an annular combustor of a premixed combustion gas turbine. A plenum of walls is oriented in a meridian direction so as to obstruct circulation of tangential flows inside the combustor. These walls are desirably situated in suitable azimuthal positions so as to cancel the onset of any standing oscillation mode. In this manner, the walls preferably divide the space in the combustor formed by the plenum asymmetrically. Thus, the resulting annular volumes may extend desirably along selected azimuthal sectors whose angular widths are not multiples of one another.

Abstract: A gas turbine combustor includes a liquid fuel nozzle for jetting out liquid fuel; a pre-mixture chamber wall provided with the liquid fuel nozzle at a center thereof, having a hollow conical shape gradually spreading in the direction in which the fuel is jetted out, and defining a pre-mixture chamber therein; a plurality of air inlet holes bored through the pre-mixture chamber wall and introducing the combustion air to the pre-mixture chamber such that angles at which the combustion air is introduced to the pre-mixture chamber through the air inlet holes are deflected at least toward the circumferential direction of the pre-mixture chamber wall; and a plurality of gaseous fuel nozzles disposed around the pre-mixture chamber wall in an opposing relation respectively to the plurality of air inlet holes and jetting out gaseous fuel substantially coaxially with axes of the air inlet holes.

Abstract: A gas turbine combustor includes a liquid fuel nozzle for jetting out liquid fuel; a pre-mixture chamber wall provided with the liquid fuel nozzle at a center thereof having a hollow conical shape gradually spreading in the direction in which the fuel is jetted out, and defining a pre-mixture chamber therein; a plurality of air inlet holes bored through the pre-mixture chamber wall and introducing the combustion air to the pre-mixture chamber such that angles at which the combustion air is introduced to the pre-mixture chamber through the air inlet holes are deflected at least toward the circumferential direction of the pre-mixture chamber wall; and a plurality of gaseous fuel nozzles disposed around the pre-mixture chamber wall in an opposing relation respectively to the plurality of air inlet holes and jetting out gaseous fuel substantially coaxially with axes of the air inlet holes.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine component includes a platform and an airfoil extending from the platform. The platform includes an outer surface. A cover plate is positioned adjacent to the outer surface of the platform. A cooling channel extends between the outer surface and the cover plate and receives cooling air to cool the platform and the airfoil.

Abstract: The present invention provides a thermoelectric cooler module structure comprising a first conductive pad, a second conductive pad, and a third conductive pad, wherein a first thermoelectric pellet and a second thermoelectric pellet are formed on said first conductive pad separately to connect said first conductive pad and said second conductive pad, said first conductive pad and said third conductive pad, and an isolation layer formed between said first thermoelectric pellet and said second thermoelectric pellet on said first conductive pad.

Abstract: A fluid conduit cooling apparatus and method. The cooling of the fluid is achieved by pouring it through a heat exchanger within cold material. The cooling of the material is achieved by means of an endothermic reaction that occurs in a time and place of the user's choice.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquefied natural gas storage apparatus. The apparatus includes a heat insulated tank and liquefied natural gas contained in the tank. The tank has heat insulation sufficient to maintain liquefied natural gas therein such that most of the liquefied natural gas stays in liquid. The contained liquefied natural gas has a vapor pressure from about 0.3 bar to about 2 bar. The apparatus further includes a safety valve configured to release a part of liquefied natural gas contained in the tank when a vapor pressure of liquefied natural gas within the tank becomes higher than a cut-off pressure. The cut-off pressure is from about 0.3 bar to about 2 bar.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquefied natural gas storage apparatus. The apparatus includes a heat insulated tank and liquefied natural gas contained in the tank. The tank has heat insulation sufficient to maintain liquefied natural gas therein such that most of the liquefied natural gas stays in liquid. The contained liquefied natural gas has a vapor pressure from about 0.3 bar to about 2 bar. The apparatus further includes a safety valve configured to release a part of liquefied natural gas contained in the tank when a vapor pressure of liquefied natural gas within the tank becomes higher than a cut-off pressure. The cut-off pressure is from about 0.3 bar to about 2 bar.

Abstract: A package for housing a semiconductor chip is described. In one embodiment, the package comprises an insulation body encasing the semiconductor chip, wherein the insulation body is in direct contact with the front surface of the semiconductor chip. A refrigeration device is connected with the back surface of the semiconductor chip and is for removing substantially more heat from said semiconductor chip than the heat removed from the semiconductor chip by the insulation body. In another embodiment, a method for operating a semiconductor chip comprises cooling the semiconductor chip to a first less-than-ambient temperature by activating a refrigeration device of a package that houses the semiconductor chip. Subsequently, power is provided to the semiconductor chip, heating the semiconductor chip to a second less-than-ambient temperature.