Abstract: The optical signal multiplexer/demultiplexer of the invention is characterized by incorporating a bidirectional optical transceiver which is capable of using individual channels working in a transmitting and receiving modes simultaneously. The device consists of a number of optical prisms combined into a single module and provided with appropriate dichroic mirrors and interferrometric filters located on the outer surfaces of the prisms. According to one embodiment of the invention, the module consists of two sequentially arranged parallelogram prisms, a single-channel signal input/output unit with an optical collimator/focusator on one side of the prism module and a two-channel signal output/input unit with a respective optical collimator/focusator on the other side of the prism module.

Abstract: An optical communications system including a submarine optical communications system, a landing station associated with the submarine optical communications system, a terrestrial optical communications system, a point of presence associated with the terrestrial optical communications system, a first wavelength division multiplexed optical connection between the point of presence and the landing station, and a second wavelength division multiplexed optical connection between the point of presence and the landing station and routed diversely from the first wavelength division multiplexed optical connection.

Abstract: A transmitter formed of two or more light-emitting sections such as LEDs, which are physically arranged in a predetermined manner, is disposed in the real world object, and each light-emitting section transmits data by flashing at a flashing pattern representing the transmission data of a predetermined bit length. A receiver, on the other hand, includes a photoreceiving section formed from a two-dimensional photoreceiving surface, decodes the transmission data on the basis of the photoreceived flashing pattern, and recognizes the spatial information of an object on the basis of the flashing position on the two-dimensional photoreceiving surface. Therefore, information, such as an ID, can be obtained from the object in the real world, and also, the spatial position of the object can be recognized at the same time.

Abstract: An optical receiver having compensation for signal level transients. The receiver includes an OE converter, a transient threshold compensator, a threshold combiner and a CDR system. The OE converter receives the incoming optical signal and provides a modulated electrical signal having a high speed response for tracking the modulation on the optical signal and an averaged electrical signal having a moderate speed response for tracking changes in the average level of the optical signal. The transient threshold compensator processes the averaged electrical signal for providing a transient feedforward adjustment. The threshold combiner combines the transient feedforward adjustment with a lower speed BER feedback threshold adjustment for providing a decision threshold signal. The CDR system uses the decision threshold signal for recovering a clock, providing the BER feedback threshold adjustment, and estimating the data carried by the modulation.

Abstract: The image forming apparatus according to the present invention detects the amount of remaining toner by using (i) the result of calculation carried out by a toner supply amount calculation section based on an accumulated rotational time measurement section in a region where the amount of remaining toner is not less than a predetermined amount and toner supply is stabilized, (ii) the result of calculation carried out by a pixel count section in a region where the amount of remaining toner gets small and the amount of toner supply gets uneven, and (iii) the result of ATC carried out by a toner density control section. As a result, it is possible to exactly detect the amount of remaining toner without providing a special remaining toner detection device.

Abstract: An image forming system including: an instruction input unit that allows a user to input a calibration execution instruction for performing a calibration; a restriction setting unit that sets a restriction setting that restricts performing the calibration; a determination unit that determines whether or not to restrict performing the calibration based on the restriction setting; and a control unit that performs the calibration in response to the execution instruction while the determination unit determines that the calibration is allowed to be performed, and ignores the execution instruction while the determination unit determines that the calibration is restricted from being performed.

Abstract: To compensate for fuser element wear, a fuser element is heated to a first temperature to fuse a first substrate at a first time, at which the fuser element has a first thickness, and is heated to a second temperature to fuse a second substrate at a second time, at which the fuse element has a second thickness smaller than the first thickness due to wear.

Abstract: For a network printer function and a network scan function, a trial using mode whose use frequency is limited can be set. When the preset trial using mode is finished, the use of the tried function is permitted according to setting of an exclusive key.

Abstract: In an image forming apparatus that uses a charging unit to charge a photosensitive drum, forms an electrostatic latent image by carrying out image exposure according to image information, and transfers to a paper the electrostatic latent image by developing the electrostatic latent image into a visible image using a developer so that the image information is presented, an exhaust duct 33 for exhausting air that contains ozone produced within a drum unit 30, which includes a photosensitive drum 3 and a charging unit 5, and a duct 32 for taking in air, which draws in fresh air, are provided within the drum unit 30 so that ventilation of the drum unit 30 can be carried out with excellent efficiency.

Abstract: In a sheet carrier of an image-forming apparatus, a gate, a carrier guide and a cover are cooled by air exhausted from an exhaust port of a guiding guide and an exhaust hole of the gate, and dew condensation is prevented. A recording paper where a full color toner image is fixed to one side is cooled by blowing the air exhausted from the exhaust port of the guiding guide and the exhaust hole of the gate against the recording paper. A pinch roller and a detection sensor are cooled by blowing the air exhausted from the exhaust port of the guiding guide and the exhaust hole of the gate against the pinch roller and the detection sensor. Since a heat of a fixing device is not absorbed by applying the air to the fixing device, no unnecessary surplus energy is consumed for maintaining a temperature required for fixing.

Abstract: A developer apparatus for a printing device includes a rotatable developer carrying member which carries developer thereon. A magnet assembly is disposed in the developer carrying member. The magnet assembly includes a plurality of magnets for conveying the developer. The magnets generate a magnetic field over a larger proportion of a circumference of the developer carrying member in an edge region adjacent an end of the developer carrying member than in a mid-region longitudinally spaced from the end of the member by the edge region. The apparatus enables unwanted toner emissions to be reduced by the development of a stable annular magnetic brush in the edge regions.

Abstract: Embodiments herein comprise registrations module(s) positioned between image output terminal(s), feeder module(s), and/or finisher module(s). Each registration module comprises a casing having first mounting points that correspond to second mounting points on an adjacent module. The first mounting points and the second mounting points allow the registration module to be repeatedly connected to and disconnected from an adjacent module. Each registration module also includes sensors within the casing, a controller operatively connected to the sensors, and sheet feeders. The sensors determine alignment characteristics of media passing through the module and the controller is adapted to correct the alignment characteristics of the media through unequal rotation of the sheet feeders, if the alignment characteristics deviate from a predetermined standard.

Abstract: A reduced footprint image producing machine including (a) an image output terminal (IOT) having (i) a moveable imaging member including an imaging surface; (ii) latent imaging devices for forming a latent electrostatic toner image on the imaging surface; (iii) a development unit for developing the latent electrostatic image on the imaging surface into a toner image; (iv) a transfer station for transferring the toner image from the imaging surface onto a toner image carrying sheet; (v) a fusing apparatus for heating and fusing the transferred image onto the toner image carrying sheet; and (b) a footprint-reducing tower mounted on top of the IOT and containing (i) machine electronics and controller assembly, and (ii) machine environment conditioning devices including cleaning and exhaust fans along with portions of associated manifolds, thereby preventing the addition of protrusions to a rear of the IOT, and thus reducing the installed foot print of the machine.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, includes: a mainframe; a photoreceptor; an exposing unit that exposes a surface of the photoreceptor to form an electrostatic latent image; and a developing unit that develops the electrostatic latent image by supplying a charged developer on the surface of the photoreceptor having the electrostatic latent image formed thereon. The photoreceptor is loadable in and unloadable from the mainframe separately from the developing unit.

Abstract: An image-forming device includes a plurality of process cartridges for a plurality of colors. A plurality of drive transmitting members are provided in one to one correspondence with the process cartridges. Each drive transmitting member is capable of shifting between an engaged position for transmitting a driving force to the corresponding process cartridge and a disengaged position for interrupting transmission of the driving force to the process cartridge. A plurality of restricting members are provided in one to one correspondence with the drive transmitting members. Each restricting member moves between a first position and a second position and restrictes the shifting of the corresponding drive transmitting member when in the first position. A single moving member is provided for the plurality of drive transmitting members. The moving member moves the plurality of restricting members between the first position and the second position.

Abstract: A fixing unit 8 is fitted with a rail 28 along which a rail guide provided inside an image forming apparatus can slide. This allows the fixing unit 8 to be extracted out of the image forming apparatus. When the fixing unit 8 is extracted out of the image forming apparatus, a transferring body separating member 26, which has thus far been prevented from rotating by the rail 28, is made to rotate by the force applied by a tension spring 27. An end portion of the transferring body separating member 26 presses a transfer roller bracket 24 and thereby moves a transfer roller 17. Thus, the transfer roller 17 is separated from a photoconductor drum 2.

Abstract: In an image formation method of an image formation apparatus for correcting uneven image formation on the basis of vibration property information corresponding to an operation sequence in image formation, vibration property information corresponding to a plurality of operation sequences are stored in a storage device. The uneven image formation is corrected on the basis of vibration property information corresponding to an operation sequence selected from the storage device. Vibration property information generated by driving a movable member is measured when the selected operation sequence is being executed while correcting the uneven image formation. It is determined whether the measured vibration property information is similar to the vibration property information selected from the storage device. The vibration property information stored in the storage device is rewrite-controlled in accordance with the measurement result or the determination result.

Abstract: A color image forming apparatus, comprising: a plurality of image forming stations, each including a photo conductor on which an electrostatic latent image is formed, a developing member which develops the latent image as a visible toner image, and a single motor pinion which drives both of the photo conductor and the developing member, and a transfer belt, onto which the toner image is transferred, and which is driven by the single motor pinion of a first one of the image forming stations.

Abstract: An image-forming device includes photosensitive drums, a drum gear, a drum gear rotating body, a drum drive gear, and a drum drive gear rotating body. The drum gear is provided on an axial end of each photosensitive drum. The drum gear rotating body is provided adjacent to the drum gear for rotating together with the drum gear. The drum drive gear is engaged with the drum gear and has the same number of gear teeth as the drum gear. The drum drive gear rotating body is provided adjacent to the drum drive gear at a position corresponding to the drum gear rotating body for rotating together with the drum drive gear. A protrusion is provided on a peripheral edge of the drum gear rotating body, and a depression is formed on a peripheral edge of the drum drive gear rotating body. The phase of the drum gear and the phase of the drum drive gear are aligned when the protrusion is fitted into the depression.

Abstract: The presently described embodiments relate to improving system productivity where maintenance purge routines are required through use of a digital front end (DFE) job scheduler. This approach utilizes knowledge of future jobs to maximize productivity. So, even if a low coverage area job is being processed, and a purge routine is scheduled, the purge routine may be avoided. This is achieved by projecting the system evolution over a future time horizon and determining the schedule of toner purge events (a non productive dead cycle) to minimize a cost function that penalizes the purge event (dead cycling and material loss should be minimized) and the deviation of average toner resident time in the sump from some desired set point of range. In this regard, knowledge that a high coverage area job is downstream and average toner residient time may be advantageously used to effectively perform the purge itself while in productive mode.

Abstract: A developing apparatus includes a developer carrying member, disposed opposite to an image bearing member, for carrying developer which is caused to jump from the developer carrying member to the image bearing member to develop an electrostatic latent image formed on said image bearing member by creating an oscillation electric field between the image bearing member and the developer carrying member at an opposing portion where the image bearing member and the developer carrying member are opposed to each other; and a jumping developer regulation member for regulating an area in which the developer is caused to jump in the opposing portion. The jumping developer regulation member is disposed apart from the developer carried by the developer carrying member and is an insulating member or an electrically floating member.

Abstract: A color image forming apparatus forming a full color image by superimposing images of individual colors includes a correction possibility determination device to determine whether or not deviations in position and errors in magnification ratio of images of individual colors that are superimposed on top of one another to form a full color image can be correctly performed and a correction device to perform the operation of correcting deviations in position and errors in magnification ratio of individual colors that are superimposed on top of one another to form a full color image.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a first stretching member, contacted to a belt member at a first contact area, for stretching the belt member; a second stretching member, contacted to a belt member at a second contact area, for stretching the belt member, wherein a plurality of transfer areas is disposed between the first contact area and the second contact area which are adjacent to each other, and the plurality of transfer areas include a first transfer area which is closest to the first contact area; and an abutting member for abutting the belt member at a position between the first transfer area and the first contact area. The abutting member and the first contact area are disposed downstream of the first transfer area, and the first transfer contact area is disposed downstream of the abutting member, with respect to a direction of movement of the belt.

Abstract: A plate shaped peeling member, which can be used for a long term, is manufactured by a method which is superior in productivity and is capable of manufacturing plate-shaped peeling members of consistent quality. The plate-shaped peeling member peels paper from a roller or a belt of an electrophotographic apparatus, by means of a leading edge of a thin metal plate that is in contact with or is adjacent to the roller or the belt. In the plate-shaped peeling member, an adhesive agent-applied resin sheet is adhered to the thin metal plate in a longitudinal direction thereof without pulling both end portions of the adhesive agent-applied resin sheet in a longitudinal direction thereof, with metal exposed at both end surfaces of the thin metal plate in the longitudinal direction thereof.

Abstract: A fixing device of an image forming apparatus includes a fixing roller rotatably mounted on a moving path of a printing medium having a toner image transferred thereon to fuse the toner image on the printing medium, a heater mounted in the fixing roller to generate a magnetic field by applied voltage, thus heating the fixing roller, and at least one magnetic core disposed around the fixing roller to concentrate, onto the fixing roller, the magnetic field generated by driving the heater. Accordingly, a density difference of the magnetic field generated by the heater is minimized by disposing the at least one magnetic core around the fixing rollers, thus enabling a uniform fixing temperature.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a fixing unit for fixing a toner image on a recording sheet. In the fixing unit, a magnetic flux generator generates a magnetic flux to induce heat in a support roller. The heat is transferred to a fixing belt contacting the support roller. The recording sheet having the toner image is inserted between the fixing belt and a pressure roller facing the fixing belt. A holder holds the magnetic flux generator and positions the magnetic flux generator to face outer and inner circumferential surfaces of the support roller.

Abstract: A cleaning unit for removing toner remaining on the surface of the image carrier of an image-forming apparatus is disclosed. The cleaning unit includes a vibration member, a blade member, and a driving part. The vibration member extends in the direction of the width of the image carrier, and has at least one vibration application part attached thereto. The blade member is attached to at least the end region of the vibration member, extending in the direction of the width of the image carrier. The driving part drives at least one vibration application part at a driving frequency that is a resonance frequency. The vibration member provides vibration to the blade member and a force to press the blade member against the image carrier.

Abstract: A cleaning unit includes: a cleaning housing which is open toward an image carrier and has a waste toner accommodating part; a cleaning member which scrapes and collects the waste toner on the image carrier; a waste toner storage part storing the waste toner temporarily; and a waste toner conveying member which conveys the waste toner scraped and collected by the cleaning member from the waste toner storage part toward the waste toner accommodating part, wherein: the waste toner conveying member moves in the advancing/retracting direction along the waste toner storage part; and when the waste toner conveying member moves in the retracting direction, the waste toner conveying member moves in contact with the waste toner, and when the waste toner conveying member moves in the advancing direction, the waste toner conveying member moves without contacting the waste toner.

Abstract: A cleaning device cleans off a toner from a surface of a member rotating in a first direction. The cleaning device includes a blade made of an elastic material including a tip portion with a slanting portion that is pressed against the surface in a second direction counter to the first direction. A supporter supports the blade. An angle between the slanting portion and a longitudinal direction of the blade is obtuse. The slanting portion is pressed against the surface at a surface pressure of 2.0 MPa or more.

Abstract: A conveying apparatus which synchronously conveys a conveyed object includes a first conveyance roller disposed at a downstream side of a conveyance path for conveyance of the conveyed object and a second conveyance roller disposed at an upstream side of the conveyance path, a first driving unit and a second driving unit for independently driving the first conveyance roller and the second conveyance roller, respectively, and a control unit for performing feedback control of the first driving unit and the second driving unit on the basis of amounts of rotation of the first conveyance roller and the second conveyance roller, respectively. The control unit defines a setting of driving control for the second conveyance roller different from driving of the first conveyance roller.

Abstract: A method for delivering a stored message to a satellite radio receiver is disclosed. The method includes receiving a request to retrieve the message, receiving the message, encoding the message for satellite transmission, and transmitting the message for delivery to the satellite radio receiver.

Abstract: A communication system provides one or more of congestion information and subscriber information to a broadcast applications server when the server receives a request to start a broadcast-multicast service in a coverage area. By providing the one or more of congestion information and subscriber information to the server, the server is able to make an informed, intelligent decision concerning blocking, unblocking, downgrading, or upgrading a broadcast-multicast flow of multiple broadcast-multicast flows requested for delivery to, or currently delivered to, the coverage area via a serving base station, and/or whether to add a new broadcast-multicast flow to the broadcast-multicast flows delivered to the coverage area.

Abstract: A repeater for a wireless network might use a first communication interface to detect the presence of a wireless device. Alternatively, another network element might use the first communication interface to detect the presence of the wireless device and then provide a notification to the repeater. The first communication interface might be a low-power communication interface, such as one that uses Bluetooth. In response to detecting a wireless device or receiving a notification, the repeater might switch to an active mode and begin repeating signals on the wireless network via a second communication interface, such as one that uses CDMA.

Abstract: A system, method and computer program product are disclosed for receiving data from a satellite radio network in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a datagram broadcast via a satellite radio network is received utilizing a receiver. The datagram includes broadcast identifier information that identifies a segment of receivers in the satellite radio network to which the datagram is directed. Utilizing the broadcast identifier information, a determination is made as to whether the recipient receiver is a member of the identified segment of receivers to which the datagram is directed. If the recipient receiver is determined to be a member of the identified segment of receivers to which the datagram is directed, then the datagram is processed.

Abstract: A broad-band millimeter wave imaging system with improved thermal resolution as compared to prior art devices. The system is useful for producing images of metal and non-metal objects such as guns, knives and explosives hidden under clothing. A cylindrical antenna focuses millimeter wave radiation from a substantially one dimensional section of a target region onto a linear array of radiation collectors. Radiation collected at each collector is amplified to produce a set of amplified millimeter wave signals and the amplified signals pass through focusing delay lines to a millimeter wave lens. Millimeter wave signals are collected at the output of the lens and the collected signals are monitored by an array of detectors. The combined effects of the delay lines and the lens produce a focus of the amplified millimeter wave radiation emitted and reflected from the one dimensional section of the target region.

Abstract: An ultrawideband radio frequency pulse is generated by shaping a carrier signal having a selected frequency with a window function. The shaped carrier is gated to produce the ultrawideband pulse. In further embodiments, the window function comprises a sinusoidal function, and the ultrawideband pulse is formed via a mixer and a CMOS radio frequency switch.

Abstract: A method for determining attenuation of a transmit/receive switch for attenuating inbound RF signals begins by enabling the transmit/receive switch to provide a loop back configuration between a transmitter section and a receiver section of a radio frequency integrated circuit. When the transmit section provides a test RF signal to the receiver section the processing continues when the receiver section measures the signal strength of the test RF signal to produce a 1st signal strength. The processing continues by enabling receive attenuation mode of the transmit/receive switch. The processing continues when the transmit section provides another test RF signal to the receiver section via the transmit/receive switch in the receive attenuation mode to produce an attenuated test RF signal. The processing continues when the receive section measures the signal strength of the attenuated test RF signal to produce a 2nd signal strength.

Abstract: A method and an arrangement for transmitting and receiving RF signals, associated with different radio interfaces of communication systems, employ a direct conversion based transceiver which substantially comprises one receive signal branch and one transmit signal branch. Mixing frequencies of the different systems are generated by a single common synthesizer by use of an output frequency divider in combination with the synthesizer, and by use of filtering corresponding to a system channel bandwidth by means of a controllable low-pass filter operating at baseband frequency.

Abstract: A multiband radio antenna device (1) for a radio communication terminal, comprising a flat ground substrate (2), and in a plane parallel to said ground substrate a flat parasitic element (7) and a flat antenna element (3). Said antenna element has a longitudinal member (4), a first transverse member (5) extending from a first end portion of said longitudinal member, and a second transverse member (6) extending from a centre portion of said longitudinal member, wherein said parasitic element extends adjacent to an outer portion of and parallel to said second transverse member. A feeding point (8) is disposed at a center portion of said second transverse member. The parasitic element has a first ground connection (9) adjacent to said feeding point, a second ground connection (10) is disposed at an end portion of said second transverse member, and a third ground connection (11) is disposed at a center portion of said first transverse member.

Abstract: The present invention seeks to estimate a dedicated channel of the downlink transmission from a base station (BS) to a subscriber station (MS) in a mobile radio communications system with antenna diversity. To this end, the subscriber station (MS) calculates a first estimation of the dedicated channel from an estimation of a global channel (CPICH) while using a weighting vector (W, W?) used by the base station (BS) for the beam forming of the dedicated channel.

Abstract: Disclosed is a distortion compensating amplifier having a distortion compensator for compensating for distortion of an amplifier by updating distortion compensation coefficients so as to null a difference between a transmit signal and a feedback signal, and subjecting the transmit signal to distortion compensation processing using the distortion compensation coefficients, an amplifier for amplifying the transmit signal, which has undergone distortion compensation, in order to transmit the signal from an antenna, and a feedback unit for inputting an output signal from the amplifier to a distortion compensation coefficient updater in the distortion compensator as the feedback signal. Whether the level of an unwanted-wave signal that penetrates the amplifier from space via an antenna is greater than a set level is monitored. If the level of the unwanted-wave signal is above the set level, processing for updating distortion compensation coefficients is suspended.

Abstract: A power amplification apparatus and method for amplifying a baseband signal having a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAR) are provided. The power amplification apparatus and method comprise a signal generation section for generating a peak-reduced signal obtained by subtracting a peak value from the baseband signal and an error signal representing a difference between the baseband signal and the peak-reduced signal and for outputting the generated signals; a peak-reduced signal amplification section for amplifying the peak-reduced signal output from the signal generation section in a radio frequency band; an error correction amplification section for amplifying the error signal output from the signal generation section in the radio frequency band; and a summer for coupling and outputting the signal amplified by the peak-reduced signal amplification section and the signal amplified by the error correction amplification section.

Abstract: A system and a method create a pre-distorted signal y(k) from an interpolated broadband baseband signal x(k) for a transmitter power amplifier having at least three branches to which the signal x(k) is respectively connected on the input side. A first branch contains a distortion device for taking into account memory effects of the transmitter power amplifier to which the signal x(k) is supplied on the input side. Where 2=j=n, each other j-th branch contains the following serially mounted elements: a deceleration device with a signal x(k) supplied on the input side, a first adder, a digital low-pass filter, and a second adder, the output signal formed by the second adder being used to create the pre-distorted signal y(k). The distortion device pertaining to the first branch is connected, on the input side, to another input of the second adder of the second branch, and on the output side, to another input of the first adder of the second branch.

Abstract: A method for temperature compensation of transmit power of a wireless communication device begins by measuring transmit power of the wireless communication device at a first temperature-based biasing condition to produce a first measured transmit power. The method continues by measuring transmit power of the wireless communication device at a second temperature-based biasing condition to produce a second measured transmit power. The method continues by determining ambient temperature of at least a portion of the wireless communication device based on the first and second measured transmit powers and a relationship between the first and second temperature-based biasing conditions. The method continues by compensating transmit power level of the wireless communication device based on the ambient temperature.

Abstract: There is provided a power control circuit having a stable high-speed operation, and a semiconductor device and a transceiver circuit using it. The power control circuit controls the gain of an amplifier so that power outputted from the amplifier reaches a desired value according to a digital control signal.

Abstract: With the objective of providing a scanning receiver capable of capturing a target radio wave in an extremely short period of time by use of a simple constituting means, a plurality of wide frequency division bands in which a full frequency range is divided into predetermined frequency ranges are set and the field intensities of received radio waves are retrieved using the output of an intermediate frequency amplifier circuit over the set wide frequency division bands in order. Further, when a received radio wave having a field intensity greater than or equal to a prescribed level is obtained upon the above retrieval, receive frequencies are swept from one end of each of the wide frequency division bands to the other end thereof. When a target radio wave can be captured upon the above sweeping, transition to the operation of receiving the target radio wave is performed.

Abstract: The RSSI circuit of the present invention includes: an IF amplifier section, which includes multiple stages of serially connected differential amplifiers for amplifying, with use of a current source IA provided as a power source for amplification, an IF signal corresponding to a received signal; an RSSI amplifier section for converting into current a voltage amplitude of an absolute value signal outputted from the differential amplifiers of the IF amplifier section, using a current source IB provided as a power source for conversion, and adding and outputting the converted current; and a current voltage conversion circuit for converting into voltage the output current from the RSSI amplifier section, and outputting the converted voltage as a measurement voltage value. The RSSI amplifier section is set so that a current value of the RSSI amplifier section is inversely proportional to absolute temperature.

Abstract: In the dual-band mixer of this invention, a current combined load is presented and is shared by two separate working frequency bands. In the invented dual-band mixer, a switch is provided to connect and disconnect an adjust capacitor series to the load inductors. By determining the capacitance of respective capacitors and the inductance of the load inductors, it is possible to generate resonance with related parasitic capacitances at particular frequencies, such that value of the load inductors may be changed. This enables the invented mixer to work with selected frequencies according to the operation of the switches. In addition, a systematic methodology is proposed to implement the design of the invented dual-band mixer. The efficient design method is approved by a 2.4/5.2-GHz CMOS mixer implementation.

Abstract: A television tuner includes: low band and high-band receiving units; a mixer that frequency-converts low-band television signals from the low-band receiving unit or high-band television signals from the high-band receiving unit; first and second switching diodes that couple the low-band or high-band receiving unit and the mixer to each other, respectively; and a transistor which applies a bias voltage to one end of each of the switching diodes. The emitter of the transistor is grounded and the collector is pulled up to a power supply through a resistor. ON/OFF of the switching diodes are switched to be opposite to each other. The other end of each of the switching diodes is connected to the collector through a first inductance element. The collector of the transistor is connected to one end of a second inductance element, and the other end of the second inductance element is grounded in a high-frequency manner.

Abstract: An automatic gain control (AGC) for a Satellite Digital Audio Radio Service (SDARS) receiver, a method of automatically controlling gain and a SDARS receiver incorporating the AGC or the method. In one embodiment, the AGC includes: (1) an AGC function selector configured to compare first and second time division multiplexed (TDM) power signals and a nonzero threshold and select an AGC function based thereon and (2) an AGC function applier associated with the AGC function selector and configured to apply the AGC function to the first and second TDM power signals to develop therefrom an AGC control signal.