Abstract: A silicate optical fiber comprises a graded index silicate core co-doped with aluminum oxide, phosphorus oxide, germanium oxide and fluorine in unique compositions that we have discovered allow multimode, multi-wavelength operation without significant intermodal dispersion. Illustratively, the core comprises a multiplicity of compositions whose refractive indices are graded from a maximum at or near the center of the core to a minimum at the interface with the cladding. Each core composition resides within a sub-volume of a 5 dimensional phase space in which an optimum core profile shape is essentially constant over the wavelength range of operation of the fiber. For operation in the wavelength range of about 0.78 ?m to 1.55 ?m, each composition preferably comprises no more than approximately 6 mole % Al2O3, 9 mole % P2O5, 6 mole % GeO2, 6 mole % F, and 90-100 mole % SiO2.

Abstract: Apparatus for providing optical radiation, which apparatus comprises an optical fibre (5) having a core (3), a first cladding (1) and a second cladding (2), in which the first cladding (1) has a substantially constant diameter (9) in its cross-section. The first cladding (1) can be non-circular. Advantages include more reliable cleaving, joining and splicing.

Abstract: A waveguide element using a photonic crystal having a refractive index periodicity in one direction is provided with an input portion causing propagation light due to a band on a Brillouin zone boundary within the photonic crystal.

Abstract: An optoelectronic component with a photonic crystal, which also has an electronic band gap, and a method for controlling tunneling electron currents by means of photons are proposed. Essentially loss-free and very fast switching is enabled in that a photonic crystal has a defect mode in its photonic band gap for photons with such an energy that electron transitions, especially in the form of single-electron tunneling processes between adjacent ligand-stabilized metal clusters, can be induced by the irradiation of corresponding photons due to at least one defect site.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are exemplary embodiments of materials and structures that have a negative refractive index. For example, one exemplary embodiment is a waveguide structure comprising a first waveguide border element having a first substantially planar surface, and a second waveguide border element spaced apart from the first waveguide border element and having a second substantially planar surface. This exemplary embodiment further comprises a core material positioned between the first substantially planar surface and the second substantially planar surface. The core material has a positive in-plane dielectric constant and a negative perpendicular-to-plane dielectric constant. Furthermore, the first waveguide border element, the second waveguide border element, and the core material form a waveguide exhibiting a negative index of refraction for electromagnetic radiation in a frequency range.

Abstract: An active device for dynamic control of the transmission properties has at least one photonic crystal waveguide that has an electrically insulating layer formed within or near the waveguide core and two lateral conductive regions divided by the insulating layer. An alternating voltage signal induces phase and amplitude changes of electromagnetic wave propagating inside the device. Electromagnetic wave signals propagating through two such active photonic crystal waveguide devices may be mixed to produce at least one output signal through interference. Devices having one or more such active photonic crystal waveguides may be utilized as a tunable optical delay line, a tunable optical filter, a switch, or a modulator. A preferred embodiment comprises a photonic crystal waveguide made of a silicon slab with a periodic array of apertures or oxide columns therein, wherein an silicon oxide layer disposed in the waveguide core separates a p-doped region from an n-doped region.

Abstract: A display apparatus comprising a plurality of light guides and method for producing such an apparatus is disclosed. The display apparatus comprises a plurality of substantially totally internally reflecting (TIR) light guides fashioned to expand a small original optical representation from an input of each light guide to a larger optical representation output at an output of each light guide. Each of the plurality of substantially totally internally reflecting light guides is separated from other substantially totally internally reflecting light guides by a material having a lower refraction index than the core material.

Abstract: A release auxiliary device (6) includes a base member (51) fixedly provided with respect to a receptacle (11), and an auxiliary lever (52) provided in an elastically deformable manner with respect to the base member (51). The auxiliary lever (52) has a base part (61) extending to the base member (51), a pressing part that extends to the base part and is touchable to an end portion of a lever (41), and an operating part (63) that extends to the pressing part and is disposed at a position closer to the body of the plug than the end portion of the lever is. By operating the operating part (63) with fingers, the pressing part (62) presses against the end portion of the lever (41) and moves the same, so that the engagement between engaging portions (42, 28) for retention can be released.

Abstract: A splice tray arrangement including a tray and a splice chip arrangement. The splice chip arrangement including stackable splice chips defining channels for holding splice elements. Each of the splice chips including a mounting arrangement for mounting the splice chip at a mounting location on the tray, and a stacking arrangement for mounting the splice chip upon another splice chip.

Abstract: A cable radius limiter having a radius limiting surface that prevents damage to cables due to excessive bending. The cable radius limiter includes mounting structure and cable retaining structure arranged such that the limiter can be operably oriented and mounted to a mounting bracket in both a first mounting orientation and a second mounting orientation. Two radius limiters can be mounted together to form a cable spool.

Abstract: A light pipe assembly is provided for use with small form factor style connectors of a dual row, stacked configuration. The assembly includes two pairs of light pipes, each of which is provided with integrated support members. The support members include members that engage opening disposed on the face of the connector, and the pairs of pipes are arranged so that one pair is supported within the other pair of pipes in a nested type of arrangement.

Abstract: An optical receiving device includes an optical receiving element and a light collecting portion having an output surface close to or in contact with the optical receiving surface of the optical receiving element. The dispersion plane at an arbitrary point on the line connecting an arbitrary point on an input surface of the light collecting portion to the optical receiving point where light inputted on the arbitrary point on the input surface is received on the optical receiving surface of the optical receiving element is flat, and the normal to the dispersion plane is parallel to the line.

Abstract: A laser handpiece is disclosed, including a shaped fiber optic tip having a side-firing output end with a double bevel-cut shape. The shaped fiber optic tip can be configured to side-fire laser energy in a direction away from a laser handpiece and toward sidewalls of a treatment or target site.

Abstract: In an AV server system, it is facilitated to grasp the entire structure of an AV server and determine which position a failed resource assumes in the entire AV server. On the basis of a file which describes resources of the AV server, resources forming the AV server are displayed in a hierarchical form on a screen. When a fault has occurred in any resource, the range from the highest class down to the class to which the failed resource belongs is displayed on one picture.

Abstract: An information editing apparatus is provided which can prevent a thumbnail image, which shows the contents of recorded information recorded on an information recording medium, from being accidentally changed by a misoperation of the user. The information editing apparatus includes a deciding device 8 for deciding whether a thumbnail image can be changed or not based on change permission information, which indicates whether a change can be made on the thumbnail image showing the contents of recorded information recorded on a recording medium 1. When the deciding device 8 decides that a change is not permitted, a change of the thumbnail image is prohibited.

Abstract: An original coded stream reproduced from a magnetic tape is decoded by an MPEG decoder, and original video data of a base band is thus generated. A switching circuit generates edited video data by switching the original video data and supplied insertion video data on the base band level at IN-point and OUT-point. The MPEG encoder generates an edited coded stream by coding the edited video data supplied from the switching circuit. A system controller controls a recording circuit to record a picture changed by editing processing, from among the edited coded stream, onto the magnetic tape.

Abstract: The present invention is particularly applied to a video tape recorder for recording a video signal of an HDTV (high-definition television) on a magnetic tape. In the video tape recorder, the recording position of the head of each pack unit is set so as to have a predetermined relationship with the recording position determined by the corresponding time management information.

Abstract: An input check device generates a connected apparatus table showing the correspondence between recording/reproducing devices and their respective output signals on the basis of instruction signals entered from a connection information setting unit. A storage stores information as to which is the current target of reproduction among the recording/reproducing devices connected to the monitor device and also stores the connected apparatus table generated by the input check device.

Abstract: Disclosed are an image recording/reproducing apparatus and a transmitting method which are user-friendly when transmitting image data recorded on a medium to an external device. Reproduction path information for transmitting image data edited by a user is recorded on the record medium. When transmitting, reproduction path information read from the recording medium is selected, the image data is reproduced according to the reproduction path information, and the reproduced data is transmitted to the external device. The reproduction path information includes transmitting event information such as the date and time of transmission, destination information, and information related to the signal format of the image data to be transmitted.

Abstract: A digital motor control system utilizes time duration electric pulses generated by digital logic to control the motor speed and direction of rotation of a D.C. or A.C. motor. The digital logic produces width modulated pulses that can be connected to large or small electric motors by mechanical or electrical relays or switches to provide efficient motor control with little control circuit power loss. The mechanical or electrical switches are responsive to the digital logic to change motor direction or remove power from the motor windings. A variable control element such as a computer joystick can be utilized to control both direction and speed of the motor. The system can be configured as an open loop system or as a closed loop servo with a feed back element to control the rotational position of the motor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a quartz heater tube module in which the individual quartz heater tube proper has a first and a second coverings covered on the outer surface of the glass tube. The first covering is provided with a first electrode in electrical connection with an electrode of the quartz heater tube proper; and the second covering is provided with a second electrode in electrical connection with the other electrode of the quartz heater tube proper. In this manner, the quartz heater tube proper is securely protected by the aforesaid two coverings from breaking with an external impact. A plurality of tube propers can be connected in series or parallel by adaptive sleeves so as to form an impact resistant quartz heater tube module.

Abstract: A storage unit is configured to store beforehand a table that shows a relation between spread parameters and command values supplied to a control unit to acquire a focused image of an object, and information that designates a command value corresponding to an inflection point on an approximated curve showing the relation that the spread parameters have with the command values, the control unit being configured to control a state of an optical system in accordance with an input command value. The luminance information about the object that lies at a distance falling within a range over which focusing should be detected is acquired, at the position of the optical system, which is obtained by the command value corresponding to the inflection point shown in the table.

Abstract: According to the present invention, the picture data pieces read from the same film are recorded on a recording medium along with information of the same film ID. This enables the film digitize device to easily extract picture data pieces read from the same film by reading information of film ID given to the picture data pieces when the device capture the picture data pieces recorded on a recording medium, for example, into a personal computer for management. If extracted picture files come with frame numbers in the reverse order of the pictures taken, the film digitize device can rearrange the frame numbers in the order the pictures taken by reversing the frame numbers in block.

Abstract: A method for protection switching includes receiving an optical signal from a transponder coupled to a client and optically splitting the signal to a first output and a second output. The first output is coupled by a first optical add-drop multiplexer to a first optical fiber, and the second output is coupled by a second add-drop multiplexer to a second fiber. The method further includes selecting one of the output signals for the working channel, and communicating the selected output signal to an optical network. During communication of the selected output signal to the optical network, the method includes monitoring for a failure condition in the optical network and, if the failure condition is detected, selecting the other output signal as the working channel and communicating the new selected output signal.

Abstract: A method for implementing the reconstruction of an optical network. In the operating system (OS) side, the OS with trail function calculates data of the OS side and the network element side needed by the reconstruction base on the inputted physical information related to the optical network reconstruction and the stored data related to the network, then the OS divides the expansion procedure into smaller steps to modify said data one by one, thus accomplishing the reconstruction of the optical network. The invention can automatically reconstruct an optical network without interrupting the traffic thereof, and the method being simpler, more reliable and less risky one compared with the prior manual method.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for processing a supervisory signal for optical network applications. The apparatus includes a subcarrier transmission system configured to receive a first supervisory signal and output a second supervisory signal, and an electrical-to-optical conversion system configured to receive the second supervisory signal and a first data signal and output a first optical signal. Additionally, the apparatus includes an optical-to-electrical conversion system configured to receive the first optical signal and output a first electrical signal and a second data signal, and a subcarrier reception system configured to receive the first electrical signal and output a third supervisory signal. The second supervisory signal is associated with a first subcarrier frequency. The first data signal is associated with a first data bandwidth, and the first data bandwidth includes a first data frequency. A ratio of the first subcarrier frequency to the first data frequency ranges from 0.8 to 1.

Abstract: An optical modulator or switch is disclosed. An apparatus includes an optical splitter disposed in a semiconductor material that splits an optical beam having a first wavelength into first and second portions. The first and second portions of the optical beam are to be directed through first and second optical waveguides, respectively. The first optical waveguide is also optically coupled to receive a pump optical beam to amplify and phase shift the first portion of the optical beam. A diode structure is disposed in the first optical waveguide and is selectively biased to sweep out free carriers from the first optical waveguide generated in response to two photon absorption in the optical waveguide. An optical coupler is disposed in the semiconductor material and is optically coupled to the first and second optical waveguides to combine the first and second portions of the optical beam.

Abstract: A method of determining a transmission route for optical signals in an optical signal transmission system comprising a transmitter for optical signals, a receiver for the optical signals, and repeaters for repeating the optical signals transmitted from the transmitter to the receiver, and having transmission routes between the transmitter and the receiver, wherein the numbers of the wavelength components of the optical signals that has been in-use in each section defined to each of the transmission routes, the acquired numbers of wavelength components are compared among the transmission routes, and one of the transmission routes having the minimum number of wavelength components is determined as the transmission route used to set the line.

Abstract: A photonic label switching architecture. The architecture includes a photonic label extractor to split an externally input first optical packet data into a photonic label and a payload. Then, the photonic label is input to a photonic label processing and swapping device to duplicate as a plurality of parallel copies for decoding and producing an auto-correlation output. According to the auto-correlation output, a photonic label swapping path is chosen, a new photonic label is produced, and an output port of an optical switch is chosen. A new optical packet data which is the result of the new photonic label adjoining the payload is output to the chosen output port of the optical switch.

Abstract: A method for transmitting a packet in a wireless access network based on a wavelength identification code scheme. The method comprises the steps of connecting n number of RNCs (Radio Network Controllers) to one sub-ring where the “n” is a positive integer, and assigning a unique wavelength to each RNC; identifying a packet to be transmitted between the RNCs located within a same sub-ring using the assigned unique wavelength, and transmitting the packet through an SRC (Sub-Ring Controller); connecting m number of SRCs to one main-ring where the “m” is a positive integer, and assigning a unique wavelength to each SRC; and detaching a wavelength identification code from the packet to be transmitted between the RNCs located within different sub-rings, and transmitting the packet having the encapsulated wavelength identification code through an MRC (Main-Ring Controller).

Abstract: A method and system for increasing the spectral efficiency of binary coded signals includes encoding an input binary bit sequence such that the input binary bit sequence is converted into a series of rectangular pulses having varying repetition rates. A continuous wave carrier signal is then modulated via a control signal representative of the encoded signal. The modulated optical signal is filtered by a narrow band optical filter to generate a minimum shift keying (MSK) encoded optical signal. In accordance with the present invention, an input binary bit sequence is encoded via a minimum shift keying (MSK) modulation format to improve the spectral efficiency of a binary coded digital signal and to contemporaneously limit distortion of the optical signal induced by optical nonlinear effects during transmission in an optical transmission system.

Abstract: An electricity meter includes an input circuit operable to generate signals representative of a line voltage waveform and a line current waveform. A processing circuit is connected to the input circuit and is operable to generate energy consumption data based on the input signals. A communications circuit is also connected to the processing circuit. The communications circuit includes an optical receiver having a single photo-transistor, a single capacitor and two resistors. The photo-transistor is operable to act as a switching device that allows varying amounts of current to pass in association with received light pulses. This action allows light signals received by the photo-transistor to be converted into electrical signals. The electrical signals are passed across the first resistor. These electrical signals are differentiated by the capacitor and the second resistor to filter out low frequency signals created by ambient light.

Abstract: An optical transceiver for transmitting light source control information, which is applied to a Subcarrier Multiplexing optical network, is disclosed. The optical transceiver includes a controller, an SCM frame generation/restoring unit, a modulator/demodulator, and an EO/OE converter. The controller controls transmission of light source control information or collects received light source control information. The SCM frame generation/restoring unit generates an SCM frame containing light source control information received from the controller. The modulator/demodulator modulates an SCM frame generated by the SCM frame generation/restoring unit into a signal suitable for transmission. The EO/OE converter converts a transmission signal modulated by the modulator/demodulator into an optical signal and transmits the optical signal through an optical fiber. An optical network having a telephone office OLT and subscriber ONTs, each having the optical transceiver, is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention pertains to optical fiber transmission systems, and is particularly relevant to optical transport systems employing optical amplifiers. In particular the invention teaches an apparatus and method that allows cost effective co-directional operation of an optical amplifier to support full duplex traffic on a single fiber, and the design of an optical fiber transmission system based on this optical amplifier technology.

Abstract: A method is described for infrared data transmission between several transmitter units (S1 to S4) and a common receiver station (2), with the individual transmitter units (S1 to S4) transmitting the data to be transmitted in a blockwise manner to the receiver station (2) in a time interval with respect to each other.

Abstract: An optical wavelength multiplexing frequency shift keying modulation system. The system includes an optical wavelength multiplexing signal acquisition unit for outputting an optical wavelength multiplexing signal. A n optical frequency shift keying modulation unit acquires an optical frequency shift keying signal, including an upper side band signal and a lower side band signal, by performing frequency modulation to the optical wavelength multiplexing signal output from the optical wavelength multiplexing signal acquisition unit. An optical frequency shift keying signal separation unit separates the optical frequency shift keying signal output from the optical frequency shift keying modulation unit into an upper side band signal and a lower side band signal.

Abstract: An optical transmitter splits a linear polarization optical carrier into a TE wave and a TM wave. One of the TE wave and the TM wave is phase-modulated with a transmission data so as to generate a phase-modulated signal. The phase-modulated signal and the other one of the TE wave and the TM wave are coupled with a linear polarization and output into an optical transmission line. An optical receiver splits a light input from the optical transmission line into the TE wave and the TM wave. The TM wave or TE wave is converted into the TE wave or TM wave to interfere with the TE wave or TM wave. The interfered signal light is converted into an electric signal for restoration of the data.

Abstract: A light source device has a continous wave (CW) light source for emitting first direct current (DC) light, a level converter for converting optical electric power of the first DC light into second DC light and outputting the second DC light, and a mixer for mixing an optical main signal having a constant extinction ratio with the second DC light.

Abstract: Detecting a pulse of a signal includes receiving the signal and a light beam. The signal drives a spatial light modulator to modulate the light beam, where the complex amplitude of the modulated light beam is proportional to the signal current. The modulated light beam passes through an optical system and is detected by an optical detector array. A processor identifies a portion of the signal comprising the pulse.

Abstract: A control device with a switchable bandwidth including: an integrating element with a first capacitance, which is charged and discharged by at least one current; at least one second capacitance, which can be connected in parallel with the first capacitance via a first switch; and at least one voltage follower, via which the voltage present at the first capacitance can be fed to the second capacitance. In this case, the first switch is open if the voltage present at the first capacitance is fed to the second capacitance by means of the voltage follower. The first switch is closed if the second capacitance is connected in parallel with the first capacitance. The invention enables a further capacitance to be supplementarily connected without a disturbance signal arising.

Abstract: A centralized monitoring system for managing maintenance information of an image forming apparatus has a database for registering a device identifier, to identify a device including an image forming apparatus or a local monitoring apparatus that goes between said image forming apparatus and a server system, as master information. The centralized monitoring system obtains the device identifier communicated from the device. In response to the obtaining of the device identifier, the centralized monitoring system responds to the notifying device to communicate the maintenance information indicating an operating status of the image forming apparatus, even if the obtained device identifier is not registered in the database. Then, if it is determined that the obtained device identifier is not registered in the database, the centralized monitoring system determines whether the device identifier is registered in the database or not.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods for determining if a media jam has been detected by a print engine, an input device, or an output device.

Abstract: A target specified range of a toner density is correctly set so that a toner density is consistently appropriately controlled. If a specified range within which a measured toner density TD (%) should fall is set based on an expression (2) below using a volume average diameter Dcav_vol (?m) of a magnetic carrier and a volume average diameter Dtav_vol (?m) of a toner, the target specified range can be correctly set, thereby making it possible to consistently appropriately control the toner density.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus of forming an image corresponding to image data is formed on a recording medium comprises a data processor which performs data processing of input image data so that a first correlation will be established between a target image density expressed by the input image data and the actual image density of an image formed on the recording medium, thereby generating output image data, an image forming unit which forms an image corresponding to the output image data on the recording medium, and a toner consumption amount calculator which calculates a toner consumption amount which is consumed for image formation based on the input image data and based on a second correlation between the input image data and an adhering toner amount on the recording medium.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus having a heating device that is configured to heat an image bearing member so that the detection of the surface potential of the image bearing member can be controlled with greater stability. The image forming apparatus utilizes a surface potential detector and a temperature detecting member placed in positions at a precise distance relative to an exposure portion of the image bearing member, such that the stability of the surface potential detection can be improved. When a surface potential of the image bearing member is detected, it is possible to reduce the amount of change in the potential caused by carriers generated immediately after an exposure operation, and to reduce variations in detection of the surface potential caused by variations in the temperature, so that the surface potential can be controlled with greater stability.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, wherein a heating member heats a toner image formed on a sheet by an image forming portion, including: a first detector detecting a temperature of a first area of a contact area, which is contactable with the sheet, of the heating member, when a set width of the sheet is a predetermined width; a controller for controlling the heating member based on the output of the first detector; a second detector detecting a temperature of a second area outside of the first area; a cooler cooling the second area based on the output of the second detector; a third detector detecting a temperature of a third area on an end side in the width direction within the contact area; and a stopper stopping the image heating operation based on the output of the third detector.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus has an image forming device for forming an image on a recording material; a heating member heating the image formed on the recording material in a nip portion; an endless belt conveying the recording material toward the nip portion formed between itself and the heating member; a contacting and separating device for bringing the heating member and the belt into the contact with each other and for separating the heating member and the belt from each other; and a detection device for detecting the temperature of the belt. If the detected temperature of the belt reaches a predetermined temperature, an image formation job is interrupted, and the heating member and the belt are separated.

Abstract: An image forming device includes: a toner image forming unit that forms a toner image onto a recording medium; a controlling unit that controls the toner image forming unit such that a test image is formed on the recording medium; a sheet transfer unit that transfers the recording medium having the toner image formed thereon by the toner image forming unit; a fixing unit that fixes the toner image formed by the toner image forming unit onto the recording medium; an image detecting unit, disposed downstream from the image fixing unit along the sheet transfer unit, that detects the test image formed on the recording medium; and a calibration unit that performs a color calibration process based upon the test image detected by the image detecting unit.

Abstract: In a charging device having saw-tooth electrodes for generating corona discharges, an amount of dust, toner, or paper dust attached to the tip end portions of saw-tooth electrodes is reduced. First to third pairs of saw-tooth electrode plates are disposed in a side-by-side fashion along the periphery of a photosensitive drum in which the first pair is disposed at an upstream side with respect to a direction in which the photosensitive drum rotates, the third pair at a downstream side, and the second pair at a central portion between the remaining two. A current flowing per a unit length of the second pair is set to 1.3 to 3 times as much as a current flowing per a unit length of each of the first and third pairs. The currents flowing per a unit length of the first and third pairs are set to be equal to each other.

Abstract: In an implementation of a printing system, an electrophotographic imaging plate electrostatically attracts a first concentration of an ink having a particular color. A developer unit is biased with a developer voltage and the first concentration of the ink is transferred onto the electrophotographic imaging plate from the developer unit according to the developer voltage. The electrophotographic imaging plate then electrostatically attracts a second concentration of the ink. The developer unit is biased with an adjusted developer voltage and the second concentration of the ink is transferred onto the electrophotographic imaging plate from the developer unit according to the adjusted developer voltage.