Abstract: A liquid crystal display device and a method of driving the same is disclosed. The liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal panel including a liquid crystal panel including a plurality of first and second pixel cells supplied with data of the opposite polarities to display a picture, and a pre-charging unit to electrically connect a first one of the first pixel cells and a first one of the second pixel cells to each other just prior to a period of supplying the data to the first ones first and second pixel cells, and to electrically disconnect the first ones of the first and second pixel cells from each other for a period of supplying the data to the first and second pixel cells.

Abstract: A thin film transistor array substrate including an insulating substrate, a first metallic pattern formed on the insulating substrate, and an insulating film provided on the first metallic pattern. A semiconductor pattern is provided on the insulating film, and a second metallic pattern is provided on the semiconductor pattern. The second metallic pattern is surrounded by the semiconductor pattern.

Abstract: An LED which includes a substrate, at least one light-emitting element mounted on, and electrically connected to, the substrate, and a sealing member mounted to the substrate so as to seal the light-emitting element. The sealing member contains an inorganic material having a high contrast ratio and a high reflectivity in an amount which accords with the luminance of the light-emitting element.

Abstract: A flat panel display is provided. The flat panel includes at least one light emitting device having a light emitting semiconductor device and a lens. The lens includes two reflective surfaces which are disposed at both sides with respect to a central axis of the lens. Refractive surfaces connect with the respective reflective surfaces and have a tilt included angle with respect to the central axis. Each of the refractive surfaces continuously extends from the reflective surface along a direction toward the central axis. A Fresnel surface is configured between the refractive surfaces. Light rays emitted from the light emitting semiconductor device reach the lens. A portion of the light rays reaching each of the reflective surfaces is reflected to at least one of the refractive surfaces and the Fresnel surface. The reflected light rays are refracted and collected with a convergent angle.

Abstract: A surface light source includes a light source which selectively irradiates two polarized light beams in polarized states different from each other, a light guide plate which includes a transparent plate having two plate surfaces facing each other and end faces surrounding the plate surfaces, and irradiates the two polarized light beams form an irradiation surface, and an optical element which irradiates irradiated light from the irradiation surface of the light guide plate toward a direction substantially normal to the light guide plate upon changing the propagation direction of the irradiated light. A liquid crystal display apparatus includes this surface light source, a polarization control element which is placed on the observation side of the surface light source and rotates the polarization plane of linearly polarized light transmitted through one of partitioned first and second areas through a predetermined angle, and a liquid crystal display device placed on the observation side.

Abstract: To provide a flat lighting device used for a liquid crystal display device and the like that can be made thin and lightweight and produced at low cost, the lighting device of the present invention includes a plurality of surface light emitting plates which are two-dimensionally arranged. Each of the plurality of surface light emitting plates includes a light guide portion and a light source portion provided in an end portion of the light guide portion. The light guide portion and the light source portion are integrally provided. The light source portion of a surface light emitting plate two-dimensionally overlaps with the light guide portion of another surface light emitting plate adjacent thereto, so light having a uniform intensity can be emitted above the plurality of surface light emitting plates.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device capable of reducing a time delay in lighting of the liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal panel, at least one fluorescent lamps disposed below the liquid crystal panel, formed as a cylindrical shape having a central axis and supplying light to the liquid crystal panel, and at least one auxiliary optical source disposed to face the liquid crystal panel while having the central axis therebetween and supplying light to the fluorescent lamps.

Abstract: A backlight assembly is disclosed. The assembly includes a first substrate, a second substrate disposed adjacent to the first substrate and electrically connected to the first substrate, one or more light sources respectively disposed on the first and second substrates, a power-supply unit that is electrically connected to the first substrate and applies drive voltage to the light sources, and a bottom receiving container on the first substrate and the second substrate, in which the drive voltage is applied the first substrate, and is transmitted to the electrically connected second substrate through the first substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal apparatus includes a pair of substrates. The pair of substrates includes a liquid crystal layer disposed therebetween, and a two-dimensional array of pixel regions each including a transmissive display region and a reflective display region, the transmissive display regions of different pixel regions having areas different from one another. One of the substrates has a plurality of color filter layers provided in correspondence with the pixel regions, a reflective film provided over the color filter layers, and an overcoat film covering the reflective film. Among the pixel regions including the transmissive display regions having different areas, a pixel region including a transmissive display region with a large area has a color filter layer with a thickness larger than that of a color filter layer provided in a pixel region including a transmissive display region with a small area.

Abstract: A color filter and a black matrix thereof are provided. The black matrix disposed on the substrate comprises a frame that defines a pixel area for accommodating color filter inks when performing the ink-jet process, and a spacer disposed in each of the pixels for preventing inks from overflowing to adjacent pixel areas and improving the flatness of the formed color filter layer.

Abstract: A display substrate includes a pixel layer, a color filter layer and a pixel electrode. The pixel layer includes a first storage electrode, a second storage electrode and a third storage electrode respectively associated with a red pixel, a green pixel and a blue pixel. At least one of the first, second and third storage electrodes has a different area from a remainder of the storage electrodes. The color filter layer includes a red color filter, a green color filter and a blue color filter formed on the pixel layer. The red, green and blue color filters respectively correspond to the red pixel, the green pixel and the blue pixel. Pixel electrodes are formed on the color filter layer. The pixel electrodes correspond to the red, green and blue pixels.

Abstract: There is provided an optical plate. The optical plate includes a supporting substrate and an optical diffuser film. The optical diffuser film has a density of light scattering particles to provide light diffusion. The optical diffuser film has a surface facing the supporting substrate, wherein a first portion of the surface facing the supporting substrate contacts the supporting substrate. There exists a gap between a second portion of the surface facing the supporting substrate and the supporting substrate, wherein the ratio of the area of the first portion to the second portion is less than 10%.

Abstract: A transflective display includes pixels each including a first electrode, a second electrode, a liquid crystal layer associated with the first and second electrodes, and a conductive reflective layer between the liquid crystal layer and the second electrode to reflect ambient light. The conductive reflective layer is insulated from the second electrode and covers less than all of the second electrode to allow backlight to be transmitted through a portion of the pixel not covered by the conductive reflective layer.

Abstract: A pixel structure disposed on a substrate includes a gate, a patterned dielectric layer, a patterned semiconductor layer, a patterned metal layer, an overcoat layer and a transparent pixel electrode. The patterned dielectric layer and the gate covered thereby are disposed on the substrate. The patterned semiconductor layer on the patterned dielectric layer includes bumps and a channel above the gate. The patterned metal layer includes a source, a drain and a reflective pixel electrode connecting the drain. The source and the drain cover a portion of the channel. The reflective pixel electrode covers the bumps. The gate, the patterned dielectric layer, the patterned semiconductor layer and the patterned metal layer form a transistor on which the overcoat layer has a contact hole exposing a portion of the reflective pixel electrode. The transparent pixel electrode on the overcoat layer electrically connects the reflective pixel electrode through the contact hole.

Abstract: A reflective-transmissive type liquid crystal display device and a method for fabricating the reflective-transmissive type liquid crystal display device are provided. The reflective-transmissive type liquid crystal display device includes a pixel electrode having a transparent electrode for displaying information in a dark place where light is insufficiently provided, a reflective electrode for displaying information in a place where light is sufficiently provided, and an orientation film having an orientation groove provided on an upper surface of the pixel electrode, the direction of the orientation groove being varied depending on a shape of the reflective electrode. The reflective-transmissive type liquid crystal display device prevents the generation of an afterimage, which is generated when a response speed of liquid crystal is lowered due to the impurities or ions stacked at a boundary of the reflective electrode and the transparent electrode, thereby improving quality of display.

Abstract: A liquid-crystal display device comprising a liquid-crystal cell with plural domains and a transparent film comprising at least two domains that differ in in-plane retardation (Re) and/or thickness-direction retardation (Rth) for a visible light wavelength ? nm is disclosed. The domains of the transparent film and the domains of the liquid-crystal cell have no correlation in terms of their arrangement and/or size.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal alignment film composition including at least one type of triphenylene compound (I) represented by the following general formula (1): wherein L represents —O— or —S—, R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 may be identical or different and represent a hydrocarbon group having four or more carbon atoms, R6 represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having four or more carbon atoms, R7 represents —SiR8R9R10 or —P(?O)(OH)2, and R8, R9 and R10 may be identical or different and represent —Cl, —OH, —OCH3 or —OC2H5).

Abstract: A method of fabricating an alignment layer for a liquid crystal display device includes forming an alignment material layer on a substrate by coating an alignment material, irradiating UV rays onto the alignment material layer and pre-baking the alignment material layer; and post-baking the alignment material layer.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a liquid crystal device that uses a smectic liquid crystal and that can produce a uniform display. The liquid crystal device includes a pair of substrates, a smectic liquid crystal provided between the pair of substrates, an injection hole for injecting therethrough the smectic liquid crystal into a gap formed between the pair of substrates, a plurality of scanning electrodes arranged at right angles to the direction of injection of the smectic liquid crystal between the pair of substrates; an alignment film deposited over the plurality of scanning electrodes, and voltage applying means for applying a voltage to the plurality of scanning electrodes in sequence proceeding from a side nearest to the injection hole toward a side farthest therefrom.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal optical modulation element which is excellent in durability against blue laser and which can maintain the characteristics for a long period of time. A liquid crystal optical modulation element to modulate a laser beam having a wavelength of at most 500 nm, which comprises a layer of a polymer liquid crystal composition sandwiched between a pair of transparent substrates facing each other, characterized in that each of the pair of transparent substrates has an alignment film on the surface which faces the other transparent substrate, and the polymer liquid crystal composition is a polymer liquid crystal containing a hindered amine compound and a hindered phenol compound.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes an electro-optical panel including a first substrate and a second substrate which interpose an electro-optical material therebetween, a transparent conductive film disposed on an outer surface of the first substrate or the second substrate, and a base member having an electrode electrically connected to the transparent conductive film via an adhesive, in which the electrode is formed at a region having a plane shape, which is the same as or narrower than that of the base member, the base member is provided with concave portions or through-holes disposed along a side thereof, and the concave portions or the through-holes are provided with the adhesive.

Abstract: An active matrix type display device is disclosed, to reduce a fabrication cost, which comprises first to third gate lines arranged at one direction; first and second data lines arranged orthogonally to the first to third gate lines; a first pixel cell connected to the first gate line and the first data line; a second pixel cell connected to the first gate line and the second data line; a third pixel cell connected to the second gate line and the first data line; a fourth pixel cell connected to the second gate line and the second data line; a fifth pixel cell connected to the third gate line and the first data line; and a sixth pixel cell connected to the third gate line and the second data line, wherein the three predetermined pixel cells of displaying the different colors among the first to sixth pixel cells constitute a first unit pixel for displaying a first unit image; and the three other pixel cells except the pixel cells included in the first unit pixel constitute a second unit pixel for displaying a

Abstract: The material utilization efficiency of FPC's is improved, to provide a low cost touch panel. A touch panel 100 is constituted by: a rectangular transparent panel 104; and a plurality of light emitting elements 8a and a plurality of light receiving elements 8b provided at the peripheral portions of the transparent panel 104, for specifying the coordinates of targets of detection. An elongate FPC 106 is folded at a plurality of predetermined locations to be provided as a frame along the four sides 122a, 122b, 122c, and 122d of the transparent panel 104. The plurality of light emitting elements 8a are provided on the FPC 106 along two adjacent sides of the transparent panel 104, and the plurality of light receiving elements 8b are provided on the other two sides of the transparent panel 104 so as to face the light emitting elements 8a.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device has a pair of substrates disposed in opposition to one another with a liquid crystal interposed therebetween, active elements formed on one of the pair of substrates, an organic film layer formed to cover the active elements, a light-shielding film formed on another of the pair of substrates, and a sealing material which sticks the pair of substrates together. In the liquid crystal display device, the sealing material is formed integrally along the entire periphery of a display screen, and one of the light-shielding layer and the organic film layer is formed to be extended beyond an area where the sealing material is formed, and the other of the light-shielding layer and organic film layer is formed inside the area where the sealing material is formed.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a polarizer of the invention, wherein the polarizer comprises a film that comprises: a matrix made of an optically-transparent resin containing a dichroic absorbing material; and minute domains that are made of an energy ray-curable birefringent material having liquid crystalline properties and are aligned and dispersed in the matrix; and comprising a process of applying energy rays for fixing the alignment of the birefringent material having liquid crystalline properties. A polarizer obtained by the method has a high transmittance and a high polarization degree, and being able to control unevenness of the transmittance in the case of black viewing.

Abstract: A jig mounting apparatus has a detection optical system that detects reference marker of an eyeglass lens, is configured so as to determine an mounting point based on the reference marker detected by the detection optical system and position the mounting center of jig, which is used in processing the eyeglass lens, on the mounting point to mount the jig on the surface of the eyeglass lens, in which the detection optical system includes: a focusing optical system that focuses a light-emitting optical flux from a light source on the surface of the eyeglass lens, where hidden marks are formed, via an aperture stop; a reflection plate that reflects an optical flux focused by the focusing optical system and passed through the eyeglass lens; and an imaging device that is provided on a position optically approximately conjugate with the aperture stop and configured to focus on a space portion along an optical axis direction from the surface of the eyeglass lens.

Abstract: A method of making a lens structure is provided comprising a first step of providing an eyewear lens substrate blank having a polarized layer or a helmet shield substrate blank. A step of spin coating a surface of the lens substrate blank with a photochromic material is then provided. Steps of curing the lens substrate blank by heating and coating the surface of the lens substrate blank having the photochromic material with a hard coating is then provided.

Abstract: A necklace-eyeglass system includes a plurality of links each having a first shape. An eyeglass frame is connected to the plurality of links and includes a lens holding portion holding a lens in a lens opening thereof. The lens holding portion has a second shape. The first shape and the second shape are a same shape.

Abstract: Eyewear includes a frame having a right temple arm, a left temple arm, a first lens groove, a second lens groove, and a recess formed therein. A first lens is received in the first lens groove and has a first opening formed therein. A first tab is received in the first groove. A second lens is received in the second lens groove and has a first opening formed therein. A second tab is received in the second groove. A nosepiece has a base portion received in the recess in the frame, and engages the first and second openings to removably secure the first and second lenses to the frame.

Abstract: The invention provide a new class of silicone-containing prepolymers containing dangling polysiloxane-containing polymer chains. This class of silicone-containing prepolymer is capable of being actinically crosslinked to form a silicone hydrogel material with a relatively high oxygen permeability, a reduced elastic modulus, and a relatively high ion permeability. The present invention is also related to silicone hydrogel contact lenses made from this class of silicone-containing prepolymers and to methods for making the silicone hydrogel contact lenses.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a soft contact lens that has a body with a central zone aligned with the optical axis of the eye when a wearer wears the lens. A micro-channel filled with fluid, is positioned at or near the optic zone and is arranged so that when the fluid is pressurized, the micro-channel expands and changes the optical characteristics of the central zone. The pressure in the microchannel is controlled through changes to a reservoir disposed in the lens below the optic zone.

Abstract: A spectacle lens with an object-sided front face and an eye-sided rear face, wherein at last the rear face comprises a viewing region that contributes to the optical effect of the spectacle lens and a carrier rim region that at least partially surrounds the viewing region and that does not significantly contribute to the optical effect of the spectacle lens. The rear face of the spectacle lens in the carrier rim zone is constructed substantially from a cosmetic viewpoint without consideration of the optical image-forming properties. A method for producing this spectacle lens is also provided.

Abstract: Several methods for making a contact lens with a reservoir are disclosed. The reservoir is filled with fluid and is shaped to change dynamically the optical characteristics of the lens. One method includes forming two shells with a depression therebetween, laminating the shells together, with the reservoir being filled with a fluid. Other methods include molding lens shells and laminating them together, or forming the lens with a unitary body using laser printing techniques.

Abstract: In general, in some embodiments, the disclosure provides a method that includes making a subjective refraction of a person to determine information about the person's vision, making a wavefront measurement of one or both of the person's eyes to determine information about the optical properties of one or both of the person's eyes (e.g., aberrations), calculating a prescription for the person based on the information about the person's vision and the information about the optical properties of one or both of the person's eyes, and outputting the prescription.

Abstract: Embodiments of a compact camera for imaging the ocular fundus are described. In some embodiments, the camera is a light, handheld camera that acquires a plurality of images of the fundus. The camera can be configured to acquire images manually or automatically. A movable imaging lens or movable image detector provides the images in a series to obtain an image with optimal focus. The camera can acquire a series of images and allow selection of an optimal image either manually, or automatically. In some embodiments, the camera is part of an imaging system that includes a base station. The base station exchanges data with the camera and can receive image data generated by the image detector of the camera. The base can further include networking capability, such that image data can be distributed over a network or to other communication or computing devices.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method and system for in vivo spatial measurement of density and relative proportions of retinal visual pigments. The method involves the steps of illuminating a retina with light of a given intensity and wavelength, acquiring the residual light coming from the retina using a photosensing device having an array of pixels, attributing a residual intensity to each pixel thereby producing a corresponding spatial image of the retina, and posing an equation relating the residual intensity to a number of unknown variables of interest. The above steps are repeated using light of a different wavelength but same intensity to acquire a set of spatial images and a set of corresponding equations for each pixel of each image. For each pixel of each image, the set of equations is solved for the unknown variables obtaining the spatial measurement of density and relative proportions of retinal visual pigments.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and to a circuit arrangement for recognising and for tracking, in a contact-free manner, eye positions of several users in real time. The input data comprises a sequence of digital video frames. Said method comprises the following steps: combining a face-finder-instance which is used to examine faces, an eye-finder-instance which is used to examine eye areas, and an eye-tracker-instance which is used to recognise and track eye reference points. The aim of the invention is to convert the eye positions within a hierarchical outlet of the instance to the target, which successively restricts the dataset, which is to be processed, emerging from the dataset of the entire video frame (VF) in order to form a face target area (GZ) and subsequently an eye target area (AZ). Also, an instance or a group of instances, which run in a parallel manner, are carried out, respectively, on a calculating unit thereof.

Abstract: An ophthalmic apparatus comprises a projection system in which a pattern member is provided with a predetermined pattern for measuring the shape of the cornea of an eye of a subject, the predetermined pattern is thereby projected on the cornea of the eye of the subject, and an optical observation system in which light flux having a shape of the predetermined pattern emitted from the projection system is reflected at the cornea of the eye of the subject, the eye of the subject is observed by the light reflected by the cornea. A surface at the eye of the subject side of the pattern member is coated with a paint having a filtering property that transmits infrared light and blocks visible light.

Abstract: An in-vivo high resolution lateral and axial tomography system of the retina, is provided, including a Michelson interferometer, generating a tomographical image by full field OCT interference with Z sweeping, adaptive optical correction apparatus, correcting the wave fronts coming from and going to the eye, including a reference source, a deformable mirror and wave surface analysis apparatus, detection apparatus producing an image from an interferometric measurement using the OCT principle and apparatus for focussing the wave surface analyser. The apparatus for focussing are embodied and controlled, synchronously with the Z sweeping to force the deformable mirror to adopt an additional curvature, such as to combine the input light source and detection apparatus at a given depth in the retina.

Abstract: A number of additional embodiments and optical constructions of a relaxed confocal catadioptric scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) are disclosed. They improve the functionality of microperimetry (MP), and the integration of the existing instrument with the capabilities of high speed Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT/SS-OCT). The improvements pertain to enhanced acousto-optic modulation with regard to rise-time and combination of wavelengths, enhanced control of illuminating beam characteristics and separation of illuminating and returned light within the SLO, enhanced electronic control and options for the galvanometer and polygon scanners, additional use of liquid crystal spatial light modulation, and the modalities under which Fourier domain OCT can be integrated within the SLO.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for measuring an optimally adapted intraocular lens for patients having a refractively modified cornea. The inventive method includes the following steps: determining the formula-specific corneal refractive powers before the refractive intervention; determining the formula-specific corneal refractive powers after the refractive intervention, and; putting the formula-specific corneal refractive powers before and after the refractive intervention into the respective IOL formula.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of fitting lenses that results in correction of not only low and high order ocular aberrations, but that additionally provides correction for the effects of cortical influences, or neuro-adaptive influences.

Abstract: Provided is a projection-type display apparatus which can efficiently cool a reflection mirror with a small number of cooling fans. The projection-type display apparatus is a display apparatus for modulating a projection light from a lamp by an optical modulation device and then projecting the light on a screen in a magnified form by a projection optical system, which has a configuration in which the projection optical system includes at least one reflection mirror, and a reflective surface of the reflection mirror is air-cooled by a cooling fan, wherein an air flow rate of the cooling fan is controlled based on a projection image information.

Abstract: A projector includes: a light source lamp; and a cooling device that cools the light source lamp and includes a plurality of cooling fans to deliver air toward the light source lamp. Airflow directions in which the plurality of cooling fans deliver the air toward the light source lamp are different from each other.

Abstract: There is provided a projector unit which can facilitate the design of lenses and project a distortionless and clear image and which comprises a projection optical system in which an optical axis of a projection lens does not coincide with a center of a rectangular image plane of an optical modulator for forming a projected image which corresponds to an image that is projected onto a screen, wherein the optical modulator is disposed in such a manner as to be tilted so that the optical axis of the projection lens and a center normal of the image plane of the optical modulator intersect each other.

Abstract: A display device comprises a height-adjustable display board (10) which is adapted to be written on. Further, the display device comprises a height-adjustable projection unit (18) for projecting images onto the display board (10). With the aid of a mechanical connection means (20,22) connecting the display board (10) to the projection unit (18), it is guaranteed that, upon vertical displacement of the display board (10) or the projection unit (18), a vertical distance between the display board (10) and the projection unit (18) will be substantially maintained.

Abstract: A large-sized transportable projection screen comprising an any-shaped fillable hollow body, which is embodied in the form of a structure consisting of fillable tubes. The aim is to develop a large-sized transportable projection screen exhibiting an increased stability and making it possible to obtain an improved projection at daylight. For this purpose, the structure defines a three-dimensional internal space limited on all sides thereof, wherein the tubes are oriented in three directions in space and the internal space is limited by at least one display surface arranged at the level of an edge formed by a part of tubes.

Abstract: To provide a discharge lamp lighting device which is made efficient at the time of starting to light a high-voltage discharge lamp and has quick illumination rising. To start a high-voltage discharge lamp 17 by a pulse high-voltage, the high-voltage discharge lamp 17 is controlled to have the rated power or more by duty output which is previously recorded in a control circuit 18 according to a voltage detection signal (d) and a current detection signal (e) of the lamp. For the electric power control of the control circuit 18, the rated power or more is temporarily supplied to the lamp in several tens of seconds from the start of the lamp, and then the electric power is moderately lowered to the rated power. Thus, the electric power at the time of starting to light is made efficient, and it becomes possible to make the illumination rising quick.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments provide a projection-type display apparatus, which can address or realize a reduction in weight and size, a reduction in power consumption, and a reduction in noise, and address or realize a reduction in price, and a control method for the projection-type display apparatus, as well as a control program for the projection-type display apparatus. The projection-type display apparatus includes a solid-state light source that emits light, a mirror device that controls an emitting direction of the incident light to thereby subject the incident light to temporal modulation, and a projecting device that projects the modulated light.

Abstract: A projector apparatus comprises a light source lamp which is inside a reflector, a projection system forming a light figure using a light from the light source lamp, projecting the formed light figure by an optical lens unit having an automatic focus function and providing the image on a projection target position, a temperature sensor detecting the temperature of the light source lamp, a temperature sensor detecting the temperature of the optical lens unit, and a control unit moving the position of a focus lens of the optical lens unit in accordance with each detection result of the temperature sensors, thereby revising an image location set by the automatic focus function.