Abstract: An image scanning apparatus comprises a platen surface which is provided at an upper part of a main body of the image scanning apparatus so that an original sheet to be scanned is placed thereon; and an original sheet support portion which is provided to support an original sheet having a larger size than the platen surface. The original sheet support portion is provided to protrude laterally from the main body in a position under the platen surface to be able to support an end portion of a protruding portion of the original sheet protruding outside from the platen surface.

Abstract: An image scanning apparatus includes a reversal tray on which printable media are temporarily stacked, and a reverse roller installed inside a main body immediately before the reversal tray at a junction between the reversal tray and an end of a second moving path, which is driven in both clockwise and anti-clockwise directions by power transmitted via a discharge roller to guide one of the printable media towards and away from the reversal tray along a second moving path, wherein a feeder, a pick-up roller, a scanning unit, a discharge tray, and transport rollers are installed on a first moving path in order to scan images from one side of the printable medium, and the reversal tray and the reverse roller are installed on the second moving path in order to scan images from the other side of the printable medium.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus that reduces a color of a document image to be printed. An image generation unit scans a document to generate image data. A hue determination unit determines a specific hue included in the image data and a hue becoming a complementary color of the specific hue. A color reduction unit reduces a color of the image data based on the specific hue and the hue becoming the complementary color of the specific hue. An output unit outputs the image data whose color is reduced on a recording medium. Image data that is of a hue in a predetermined range from the hue becoming the complementary color is replaced with the hue becoming the complementary color, and image data that is outside of the predetermined range is replaced with the specific hue.

Abstract: A holographic sealing member for a container is designed for attachment to the rim of an opening in the container. The holographic sealing member comprises a holographic layer having an upper plastic layer on its upper side and a lower embossed image layer on its lower side. A sealant or adhesive layer is attached to at least those portions of the lower side of the holographic layer that are intended to come into direct contact with the container's rim when the sealing member is placed upon and is sealed to a container. A metal foil layer lies over and covers and is adhesively bonded to the upper side of the holographic layer and may be inductively heated to actuate the heat actuated sealant. A tab covers and is adhesively bonded to the metal foil layer and may be pulled to remove the sealing member from a container.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a holographic recording apparatus that records on a multiple basis information on a holographic memory. An object of the present invention is to provide a holographic recording apparatus capable of avoiding problems of recording error of data and destruction of the existing data, which will occur when the medium of the specification shortages is used.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to hologram elements, illuminators, and projectors. In one example, a hologram element comprises a relief structure configured to diffract incident light to form a first illumination pattern and a second illumination pattern on an illuminated surface. The second illumination pattern may form a specific mark for uniquely identifying the hologram element. In certain embodiments, the second illumination pattern is formed outside an illumination area. In other embodiments, the second illumination area is formed inside the illumination area.

Abstract: To provide a two-dimensional modulation method for hologram recording which is capable of preventing degradation of reconstructing performance when positional shift occurs and which enables information to be stably recorded or reproduced. The hologram recording carrier employs the two-dimensional modulation method for hologram recording for generating coherent light containing therein page data through a spatial light modulator having a plurality of pixels two-dimensionally arranged therein, in which the pixels of the spatial light modulator are partitioned into a plurality of blocks consisting of m pixels adjacent to each other (where m=an integral number), and a boundary portion which has a width having at least the width of one pixel of the spatial light modulator or of one pixel of an image detecting sensor used to reproduce the recorded page data and the distance between the adjacent pixels in each of the blocks, and each of which shields light is provided between the adjacent blocks.

Abstract: A dynamic three-dimensional image can be modified in response to poses or gestures, such as hand gestures, from a user. In one implementation, the gestures are made by a user who selects objects in the three-dimensional image. The gestures can include indications such as pointing at a displayed object, for example, or placing a hand into the volume of space occupied by the three-dimensional image to grab one or more of the displayed objects. In response to the gestures, the three-dimensional display is partially or completely redrawn, for example by an alteration or repositioning of the selected objects. In one implementation, a system simulates the dragging of a displayed three-dimensional object by a user who grabs and moves that object.

Abstract: A method is disclosed to store information in a holographic data storage medium. The method provides a hologram comprising an alignment pattern, and disposes that hologram into a holographic data storage medium during manufacture.

Abstract: An optical scanning device (20) for low building height optical recorder applications is disclosed in which a radiation source (1) is emitting a radiation beam along a first optical portion (8) towards a folding mirror (4), which folding mirror is reflecting the radiation beam along a second optical path portion (9) towards an optical record carrier (6). The angle between the first and second light path portions is acute.

Abstract: The invention is about a device (FIG. 1) with a radial structure generating a collimated colinear, or brought colinear, group of beams, with a matricial shape (22) in order to feed, i.e. the last stage of a digital video projector. The collimated colinear group of beams is built from a combination of spectral sources and a certain number of mirrors or filters of a certain size and shape, defined according to the targeted application, enabling appropriate frequential filtering linked to the configuration of mirrors or filters. At its center the device include, a certain number of mirrors or filters aligned geometrically, orienting and filtering the different beams in order to build a specific multi-beam matricial element or symbol. The device addresses simultaneously the whole group of beams from the output matrix with a specific frequential coding according to the position of each constitutive element of the matrix (22) or symbol created.

Abstract: An oscillator device includes a first oscillator, a second oscillator configured to support the first oscillator for torsional rotation about a first rotational axis, through a first torsion spring, a supporting member configured to support the second oscillator for torsional rotation about a second rotational axis, through a second torsion spring, the second rotational axis having a predetermined angle with respect to the first rotational axis of the first oscillator, a coil disposed in relation to the second oscillator, an electric current applying member configured to apply an electric current to the coil, and a magnetic field generating member configured to apply a magnetic field to the coil, wherein the coil is localized in at least one of zones of the second oscillator being quartered by extension lines of the first and second rotational axes.

Abstract: Devices, methods, and systems comprising a MEMS device, for example, an interferometric modulator, that comprises a cavity in which a layer coats multiple surfaces. The layer is conformal or non-conformal. In some embodiments, the layer is formed by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Preferably, the layer comprises a dielectric material. In some embodiments, the MEMS device also exhibits improved characteristics, such as improved electrical insulation between moving electrodes, reduced stiction, and/or improved mechanical properties.

Abstract: Provided is a rear projection type display apparatus having a structure capable of performing projection magnification correction with a small depth. A projection unit is mounted on a projection magnification correcting member, and the projection magnification correcting member includes a first member and a second member. The first member includes a first correction mechanism for correction in a direction parallel to a central light ray, and is supported by a housing. The second member includes a second correction mechanism for correction in a direction parallel to a normal line to an image plane enlarged and projected from the projection unit without passing through a reflection mirror, and is supported by the first member.

Abstract: A driving circuit and Mach-Zehnder EAM optical modulator exhibiting negligible chirp that generates a PSK signal when driven by a single drive signal. Two such Mach-Zehnder EAM optical modulators and drive circuits may be configured in parallel, thereby generating DQPSK signals with only two drive signals, one for each individual Mach-Zehnder EAM modulator.

Abstract: A controllably displayable motor vehicle window is (20) disclosed provided with at least one optically transmittable glass or plastic panel (22) and an electrically actuated variable light transmission medium (24, 25) disposed in close proximity to the at least one glass or plastic panel. The image displayed on the vehicle window (20) is controllable in response to the electric field generated by a control device (95) in communication with the variable light transmission medium and with a user input device (101-105, 107) A method of advertising or messaging using the controllably displayable motor vehicle window is also disclosed.

Abstract: An ornamental display device having an interferometric modulator for displaying an ornamental image. The ornamental device may have a patterned diffuser formed on a transparent substrate to provide an ornamental image or information. The ornamental device may also be a piece of jewelry or an article that may be worn. The image displayed may have an iridescent appearance. A controller may also be used to control images displayed on multiple ornamental device to provide coordinated images based on externals received or pre-programmed images.

Abstract: A display system includes a spatial light modulator for displaying a image by the modulation state of a plurality of micromirrors, and a control device for controlling the spatial light modulator. The control device includes a data conversion device for converting the digital image data into non-binary data, and a modulation-control device for generating a modulation control signal for micromirrors depending on the non-binary data, and controlling the spatial light modulator. The modulation state of the micromirrors by the modulation control signal includes modulation by oscillation of the micromirrors. The modulation control signal controls amplitude of the oscillation to be smaller than the maximum amplitude of the micromirrors in the modulation by the oscillation of the micromirrors. The oscillation having smaller amplitude than the maximum amplitude of the micromirrors is repeated by the modulation control signal in an optional time duration or frequency.

Abstract: A spatial light modulator (SLM) includes an integrated circuit actuator that can be fabricated using photolithography or other similar techniques. The actuator includes actuator elements, which can be made from piezoelectric materials. An electrode array is coupled to opposite walls of each of the actuator elements is an electrode array. Each array of electrodes can have one or more electrode sections. The array of reflective devices forms the SLM.

Abstract: Devices and methods for forming a spatial light modulator with high contrast are described. Light absorbing materials are used within a chamber that houses a spatial light modulator. The light absorbing materials absorb reflected light that is not intended for forming a part of a display image. The light absorbing material can form an aperture layer, wherein light to form the display image is transmitted through an opening in the aperture layer. An array of spatial light modulators can be within the housing and dummy spatial light modulators may be formed to enable easy alignment of the array with the opening in the aperture layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical manipulation system (10) for generation of a plurality of optical traps for manipulation of micro-objects including nano-objects using electromagnetic radiation forces in a micro-object manipulation volume (14), the system comprising a spatially modulated light source (16) for emission of a first light beam (24) with a spatially an adjustable spatial light modulator (26) for generating a second (28) and a third (30) modulated light beam, the second intensity modulated light beam propagating towards a first deflector (32) for deflection of the second light beam towards the micro-object manipulation volume (14), and the third intensity modulated light beam propagating towards a second deflector (34) for deflection of the third light beam towards the same volume (14).

Abstract: A method of laser drawing includes steps of causing laser light from a light source to be incident to an acousto-optical diffraction element, and deflecting the light incident to the element by changing a frequency of a high frequency signal to be inputted to the element to diffract the light, thereby changing a diffraction angle of the diffracted light, and condensing the diffracted light emerging from the element on an object to be processed as an optical spot, thereby scanning the object with the optical spot. A diffracted light intensity control table for controlling a light intensity of the diffracted light so as to be constant independent of the diffraction angle of the diffracted light is prepared in advance, and in the deflecting step, the light intensity of the diffracted light is controlled based on the diffracted light intensity control table.

Abstract: An optical receiver apparatus and methods for mitigating intersymbol interference (ISI) in a differentially-encoded modulation transmission system by controlling constructive and destructive transfer functions. The receiver includes a bandwidth control element for controlling transfer function bandwidth, a transfer phase controller for controlling transfer function phase and/or an imbalancer for imbalancing the transfer functions for compensating for intersymbol interference and optimizing the quality of the received optical signal.

Abstract: Devices and methods are disclosed for realizing a high quality bulk domain grating structure utilizing mobile charges that are generated by means of photo-excitation in a substrate. An effect of light exposure (UV, visible, or a combination of wavelengths) is to generate photo-induced charges. The application of a voltage across the substrate combined with the application of light exposure causes a photo-induced current to flow through the substrate. The photo-induced charges (behaving like virtual electrode inside the material) and the photo-induced current result in both reduction of the coercive field required for domain inversion in the material and improve realization of the domain inversion pattern, which previously has not been possible at room temperature.

Abstract: Embodiments of a periodically filtered broadband light source are described. The periodically filtered broadband light source includes a periodic spectral filter coupled to an optical gain element to generate a light and to filter the light into a plurality of individual spectral slices. The broadband light source includes an isolator coupled to the optical gain element. The periodic filter can be a reflective filter. The periodic filter can adjust an optical power in each of the spectral slices. The periodic filter can include one or more control elements to control an optical power in each of the spectral slices. Further, a wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network system is described that includes the periodic broadband light source to send individual spectral slices to wavelength lock one or more transceivers. The individual spectral slices sent by the periodic broadband light source match wavelength channels of a wavelength division multiplexer/de-multiplexer.

Abstract: A method of optically equalizing a multi-level (amplitude or phase) optical signal through the effect of an optical equalizer wherein the optical equalizer (OEQ) is placed at either a transmission end or a receiver end of the optical communications link and a tap delay characteristic of the OEQ need not be determined by symbol spacing, rather it may advantageously be adjusted to desirably compensate non-linear mapping performed in the modulation process or simultaneous operation on a plurality of wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) channels.

Abstract: An optical circuit is disclosed, which may include a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA); an optical filter operable to filter light emerging from the SOA; and a PIN for converting the light output from the optical filter into an electrical signal, wherein the gain profile of the optical filter is configured to maximize throughout of signal energy within a predetermined wavelength range (in-band), and to impose an insertion loss (Loob) of less than 20 dB on signal energy outside the predetermined wavelength range.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a method and apparatus for attaching a close proximity filter to an FPA (focal plane array) and more particularly, to a method and apparatuse that allows improved spectral discrimination of an MWIR detector by applying a an improved multi-color filter to an FPA, while employing existing production equipment and techniques to reduce cost and improve production yield.

Abstract: In a day/night-vision device according to the invention, provision is made to view observations made via a day- or night-vision channel (T, N) in a shared receiving channel (E) or via an eyepiece unit (4) as day image or night image by designing and arranging a deflecting means such that the same deflection means is used to transfer radiation from the day- or night-vision channel (T, N) into the shared receiving channel (E). In particular, it is also provided that further images, such as thermal images, can be transferred to the observer and can be overlaid by the day image or night image, in particular fused.

Abstract: A surgical microscope system is disclosed. The surgical microscope is comprised of a stand which is comprised of a movable base and a support capable of free motion with keeping a particular orientation relative to the movable base; a stereoscopic surgical microscope linked with the support, which is comprised of a pair of first optical systems so as to provide a first stereoscopic magnified view; and a stereoscopic display device having a movable link with the stand, which is comprised of a display screen for displaying stereoscopic image taken by the first optical systems and a pair of second optical systems as to show the stereoscopic image as a second stereoscopic magnified view.

Abstract: A relay set (1, 11, 23) for the optical system of a rigid endoscope, the optical system comprising an objective (20) at the distal end, an ocular (22) at the proximal end and between them a relay lens system consisting of several relay sets (1, 11, 21, 23), the relay set (1, 11, 23) consisting of two half sets (2a, 2b) having the same lens units (3a1, 3a2, 3a3, 3a4; 3b1, 3b2, 3b3, 3b4) arranged in symmetrical sequence with respect to the center (5) of the set, wherein each half set (2a, 2b) consists of four lens units (3a1, 3a2, 3a3, 3a4; 3b1, 3b2, 3b3, 3b4) having in the sequence of raising distance from the center (5) the refracting powers Positive, Negative, Positive, Positive (P, N, P, P).

Abstract: A reading machine includes an image input device including a lens and a polarizer disposed over the lens, a flash and a second polarizer disposed over the flash. The image input device also includes a computing device coupled to the image input device for capturing images, the computing device, including a processor to execute instructions and a computer program product residing on a computer readable medium, the computer program product comprising instructions for causing the processor to process the captured images to recognize features in the captured images.

Abstract: A display apparatus comprising a display device (104, 200, 301, 401) configured to display an image is disclosed. The display device comprises a plurality of picture elements, and one or more lenticular means (203). The lenticular means comprises one or more refracting layers (303, 403) configured to direct light emanating from said picture elements in a plurality of directions such that said image of a picture element is divided in two or more essentially identical images.

Abstract: Provided is a high efficient 2-dimensional (2D)/3-dimensional (3D) switchable display device including: a light source unit; a first reflective polarizer reflecting a first polarized light beam and transmitting a second polarized light beam orthogonal to the first polarized light beam from among light beams irradiated from the light source unit; a switching parallax barrier unit controlled in one of 2D and 3D modes, wherein, in the 2D mode, the switching parallax barrier unit wholly transmits the light beams having passed the first reflective polarizer, and, in the 3D mode, an area of the switching parallax barrier unit transmits the light beams and an area of the switching parallax barrier unit intercepts the light beams; and a display panel modulating light, that is transmitted through the switching parallax barrier unit, according to an image signal, to form an image.

Abstract: Systems and methods for creating high-intensity, polarized light, where one or more embodiments of the present invention use light polarization recycling to allow multiple light sources of the same or different wavelengths to be combined into a single source output where the individual source etendue is equal or substantially similar to the combined source etendue.

Abstract: A reflex reflector can include: a first indicator member composed of a light transmissive resin and including at least one substantially plate-like first reflector with a reflex reflective surface formed thereon and at least one first link plate, in which the first reflector and the first link plate are linked and arranged at a certain angle; and a second indicator member composed of a light transmissive resin and including at least one substantially plate-like second reflector with a reflex reflective surface formed thereon and at least one second link plate having an opening in which the first reflector and the first link plate are linked and arranged at the certain angle.

Abstract: Problem: To provide an actuator capable of preventing damage to spherical bodies and their receiving surfaces when subjected to a shock force.

Abstract: The diffractive optical element includes two diffraction gratings made of different materials and being in contact with each other at their grating surfaces. The materials satisfy the following conditions, and the second material is obtained by mixing a resin material with a particulate material satisfying the following conditions: nd1?1.48, ?d1?40, (?1.665E?07×?d13+5.213E?05×?d12?5.656E×03×?d1+0.675)??g,F1?(?1.665E?07×?d13+5.213E?05×?d12?5.656E?03×?d1+0.825), (?1.687E?07×?d13+5.702E?05×?d12?6.603E?03×?d1+1.400)??g,d 1?(?1.687E?07×?d13+5.702E?05×?d12?6.603E?03×?d1+1.580), nd2?1.6, ?d2?30, ?g,F2?(?1.665E?07×?d23+5.213E?05×?d22?5.656E?03×?d2+0.675 ), ?g,d2?(?1.687E?07×?d23+5.702E?05×?d22?6.603E?03×?d2+1.400 ), nd1-nd2?0, ndb2?1.70, ?db2?20. The element achieves a high diffraction efficiency in a specific diffraction order over a wide wavelength range.

Abstract: An antireflection film includes a multilayer film having six layers, in total, provided between an optical substrate and an adhesion layer. The respective layers of first to sixth layers are laminated in order from one side of the adhesion layer. A refractive index of the antireflection film as a whole is lower than that of the optical substrate and higher than that of the adhesion layer. The first and third layers are low refractive index layers having a refractive index of 1.35 to 1.50 at d line. The second, fourth and sixth layers are middle refractive index layers having a refractive index of 1.55 to 1.85 at the d line. The fifth layer is a high refractive index layer having a refractive index, at the d line, that is in a range of 1.70 to 2.50 and that is higher than that of the middle refractive index layer.

Abstract: The invention relates an apparatus and method for forming a diffuse reflector. In one embodiment of the invention, a diffuse reflector is formed by exposing transmissive particles of a pre-determined purity to pressure and forming a material having desired diffuse reflective properties. The transmissive particles may further be thermally treated, such as by sintering, to form material having desired diffuse reflective properties. The treated transmissive particles may then be disposed in a vessel and define a cavity therein to form an integrated cavity diffuse reflector.

Abstract: Display module (10) for use in an electronic device, comprising a front window (12) and a display unit (13, 100), wherein an intermediate layer (24) of transparent material is sandwiched between the front window (12) and the display unit (13, 100). The intermediate layer (24) consists of a material which is selected taking the material of the front window (12) into consideration in order to minimize reflection at the interface between the front window (12) and the intermediate layer (24). The intermediate layer (24) consists of one or more layers whose refractive indices are chosen so that they closely match the refractive indices of the front window or the display unit.

Abstract: An optical separating filter separates impinging light into a first and a second part having different properties. The separating filter comprises reflective filters (FR) arranged in funnel shaped structures (F1). Each one of the structures (F1) have an inlet area (IA1) to receive the impinging light (IL) and an outlet area (OA1) smaller than the inlet area. (IA1) to converge reflected impinging light (RL) towards the outlet area (OA1). The structures (F1) comprise a first group of funnel shaped structures (F1) constructed to reflect light which has a first property (C1) towards their respective first outlet areas (OA1) and for transmitting light which has a second property (C2) towards respective second outlet areas (OA2).

Abstract: Devices and methods that reduce or eliminate chromatic or comatic variations in the location of the excitation or emission in an optical system such as a confocal microscope, by enhancing parfocality are provided. Such devices include an optical collimator comprising a parabolic reflector and a convex aspheric reflector, wherein the aspheric reflector and the parabolic reflector are positioned such that light is incident at an off-axis angle relative to the axis of symmetry of the reflectors to extend the useable field of view.

Abstract: Disposed in order from a magnification side are a negative first group which is fixed during zooming to effect focusing, second to fifth groups of positive refractive power which move with mutual relationship during magnification variation, and a fixed sixth group. A negative lens made of a glass material which has an anomalous dispersion property and which has 70 or more in Abbe number is disposed in the first lens group. A positive lens made of a glass material which has an anomalous dispersion property and which has 70 or more in Abbe number is disposed in the third group located closer to a reduction side than a diaphragm. The negative lens and the positive lens are cemented to their adjacent lenses, respectively. Also, bf/fw?2.7 is satisfied where bf denotes a back focus, and fw denotes a focal length of the entire system at a wide-angle end.

Abstract: A fluidic optical device, systems utilizing fluidic optical devices, methods for manufacturing fluidic optical devices and actuators are disclosed.

Abstract: A composite material (10, 20) includes a substrate (12, 22) with an electrically conducting metal or metal oxide surface (22B), a layer (14, 24) of an electrically insulating material such as parylene, and an intermediate adhesion-improving metal layer (16, 26) between the substrate and the electrically insulating layer. A fluid focus lens (30) has first and second fluids (32, 34) and first and second electrodes, the first electrode comprising a core (38) of the composite material (10, 20) with the electrically insulating layer (41) positioned between the core (38) and the fluids (32, 34), and the second electrode (50) in contact with the second fluid (34).

Abstract: A variable focus lens package (1) comprises an annular body (10) having a through-hole (11), which is closed off by means of lens members (30, 70), and which is sealed by means of sealing rings (50, 60). The through-hole (11) is filled with quantities of water (86) and oil (87), which are separated by a meniscus (88). A portion of the surface of the body (10) is covered with an electrically conducting layer (16). The shape of the meniscus (88) is variable under the influence of a voltage between this electrically conducting layer (16) and the water (86). In this way, the meniscus (88) is applicable as a lens having an adjustable focus. One of the sealing rings (60) is arranged such as to be capable of expanding and shrinking along with the fluids (86, 87), to an extent which is sufficient for compensating for volume variations in these fluids (86, 87).

Abstract: A compact and substantially achromatic optical lens system (100, 200) comprising an electrowetting lens (104, 204) is provided. The optical lens system is using an electrowetting lens in which at least one of the entrance window surface (117, 217) or exit window surfaces (219), being in contact with one of the fluids (112, 212, 113, 213), has a curvature. When the sign of the curvature of that surface has the same sign as the curvature of the meniscus when no voltage is applied, a low building height is achieved. The optical element (104, 204) not only acts as a focussing or zooming device, but that it also acts as an aberration reduction element for the other elements in the optical lens system (100, 200).

Abstract: A zoom lens comprises a plurality of lens units including a first lens unit disposed most adjacent to an enlargement side and having negative refractive power, wherein one or more lens units of the plurality of lens units are moved in the direction of the optical axis thereof during magnification change, and wherein the first lens unit includes a 1-1st lens unit comprising at least one lens of negative refractive power and moved during focusing and a 1-2nd lens unit having positive refractive power, and fixed during focusing.

Abstract: A zoom optical system includes first through fourth lens groups having negative-positive-negative-positive optical powers. Assuming that a curvature radius of an object-side lens surface of a negative lens element in the first lens group is r1, a curvature radius of an image-side lens surface of the negative lens element in the first lens group is r2, a focal length of the third lens group is f3, a focal length of the entirety of the optical system at the wide angle end is fw, a focal length of the entirety of the optical system at the telephoto end is ft, and an average refractive index of positive lens elements in the second lens group is nd2p, the zoom optical system satisfies the conditional expressions: 0<(r1+r2)/(r1?r2)<1.0 ?0.9<f3/?{square root over ( )}(fw×ft)<?0.4 1.