Abstract: The dynamoelectric machine includes: a Lundell rotor that has: a pole core in which tapered claw-shaped magnetic pole portions are arranged in rows circumferentially so as to extend axially alternately from two axial ends and intermesh with each other; and a field coil that is mounted to the pole core; and a stator that has: a cylindrical stator core that surrounds the rotor so as to have a predetermined air gap; and a stator coil that is mounted to the stator core. The stator core is prepared by laminating and integrating dull finish magnetic steel plates, and a space factor of an iron portion in the stator core is in a range of 96 percent plus or minus 0.5 percent.

Abstract: A commutator for an electric machine with commutator bars, wherein on one side of the commutator which faces a rotor winding, at least one angled retaining element is formed on at least one commutator bar in order to switch contact conductors of the rotor winding, as well as to connect them with the respective commutator bar, wherein the commutator bar comprises two angled retaining elements.

Abstract: A variable capacitance device including at least one first fixed electrode and a second electrode free to move with respect to the fixed electrode, each electrode including a body and protuberances projecting from at least one face of the body. Each electrode is arranged such that the faces of each electrode provided with the protuberances are facing each other, the distance separating the two faces facing each other being greater than the sum of the heights of a protuberance from the fixed electrode and a protuberance from the mobile electrode. The electrodes are capable of moving with respect to each other in two parallel planes along at least one main direction.

Abstract: An element for an illuminated piezoelectric switch, comprises a substantially lens-like body having a first major surface and a second major surface, an illumination input at the first major surface, and a protrusion extending from the second major surface. The protrusion is integral to the construction of the lens. When the element is placed between a piezoelectric crystal and a pressing surface it transmits pressure to the crystal in one direction, and in the other direction it transmits light from a lighting element below, towards the protrusion. The protrusion is shaped so that the switch can be identified.

Abstract: An actuator includes a frame and a shaft rotabably supported by the frame. The actuator also includes at least one wire made from a shape memory alloy having a first end thereof fixed with respect to the frame. A second end of the at least one wire is movable with respect to the frame and configured to rotate the shaft in a first direction with respect to the frame.

Abstract: In a piezo-electric motor with alternately electrically actuated clamping piezo packs arranged between a reference part and a drive part and with two stepping piezo packs arranged in an opposite sense and assigned to each clamping piezo pack or to one clamping piezo pack or a support structure, the stepping piezo stacks are connected via quasi-pivotal joint structures to a foot at locations which are spaced from each other in the longitudinal direction of the clamping piezo pack and from the drive part.

Abstract: A multi-layer piezoelectric actuator with conductive polymer electrodes is described. The piezoelectric actuator comprises a stack of alternating conductive electrode layers and piezoelectric layers. The conductive electrode layers are comprised of a polymeric electrically conductive material. A device for cooling by forced-air convection may comprise the piezoelectric actuator, a fan blade and an alternating current supply. The piezoelectric actuator coupled with the fan blade and the alternating current supply, which is provided for vibrating the fan blade. A method of cooling by forced-air convection comprises supplying an alternating current to the piezoelectric actuator, wherein the alternating current has a frequency and causes the fan blade to vibrate with the same frequency.

Abstract: A piezoelectric motor includes: a plurality of piezoelectric units, respectively in contact with a driven target, disposed separately from each other, and configured to drive the driven target; and a magnet configured to apply a preload force to each of the plurality of piezoelectric units by magnetically attracting the driven target in the absence of direct contact with the driven target.

Abstract: A driving apparatus comprises an actuator, the actuator comprising an electromechanical conversion element and a driving shaft attached to the electromechanical conversion element, wherein the driving apparatus expands and contracts the electromechanical conversion element by applying a driving signal to the electromechanical conversion element and reciprocally moves the driving shaft in accordance with expansion and contraction movement of the electromechanical conversion element so as to move a driven member frictionally engaged with the driving shaft, and wherein the driving signal is a pulse signal, and half of a time period corresponding to a reciprocal of a lowest resonance frequency in the actuator is set as a shorter output time among a high output time period and a low output time period of the drive signal.

Abstract: A driving apparatus comprises an actuator, the actuator comprising an electromechanical conversion element and a driving shaft attached to the electromechanical conversion element, wherein the driving apparatus expands and contracts the electromechanical conversion element by applying a driving signal to the electromechanical conversion element and reciprocally moves the driving shaft in accordance with expansion and contraction movement of the electromechanical conversion element so as to move a driven member frictionally engaged with the driving shaft, and wherein the driving signal is a pulse signal, and a time period corresponding to a half wavelength of a damping vibration displacement of a lowest resonance frequency in the actuator is set as a shorter output time among a high output time period and a low output time period of the driving signal.

Abstract: A power generation system includes a piezoelectric component, a resilient stress inducer in operable communication with the piezoelectric component, and an actuator in operable communication with the resilient stress inducer to energize and release the resilient stress inducer and method for generating power.

Abstract: A one-way rotational transfer mechanism includes a rotary input member; a holding member including an axially orthogonal surface to the axis; a hollow-cylindrical rotary output shaft positioned coaxially around the rotary input member to be rotatable relative to the rotary input member, and including a cylindrical inner peripheral surface; a circumferential guide groove formed on the rotary input member; and a torque transfer ball installed between the axially orthogonal surface, the cylindrical inner peripheral surface and the circumferential guide groove, to roll on and be held between the axially orthogonal surface and the circumferential guide groove. The circumferential guide groove is shaped to make the torque transfer ball revolve around the rotary input member in a same direction as the rotary input member while trailing therebehind and to make the torque transfer ball press against the cylindrical inner peripheral surface when the rotary input member rotates.

Abstract: A screw thread driving polyhedral ultrasonic motor includes a stator, a rotor and multiple piezoelectric plates being bonded to the stator or the rotor. The stator and the rotor have screw threads matched with each other. The stator and the rotor are connected via the screw threads.

Abstract: A vibration assisted machining (VAM) system, including: a frame; a vibration element mechanically coupled to the frame; a cutting tool holder connected to the vibration element; and a workpiece holder coupled to the frame. The vibration element includes a first piezoelectric (PZT) actuator and a second PZT actuator, which are adapted to generate a substantially elliptical tool path in a vibration plane of the VAM system. The VAM system also includes a third PZT actuator coupled between the frame and either the vibration element or the workpiece holder. This third PZT actuator is coupled to the frame such that its polarization axis is substantially in the vibration plane and substantially perpendicular to the feed direction of the VAM system.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus relating to use and/or provision of a rake piezo actuator are described. In one embodiment, a piezo patch may be coupled to a plurality of blades (e.g., to cause the blades to oscillate and provide air flow between fins of one or more heat sinks). Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: It is made possible to provide a MEMS device that has a low operation voltage, a large contact pressure force, and a large separation force. A MEMS device includes: a substrate; a supporting unit that is provided on the substrate; a fixed electrode that is provided on the substrate; an actuator that includes a first electrode, a first piezoelectric film formed on the first electrode, and a second electrode formed on the first piezoelectric film, one end of the actuator being fixed onto the substrate with the supporting unit, the actuator extending in a direction connecting the supporting unit and the fixed electrode, the first electrode being located to face the fixed electrode; and a stopper unit that is located above a straight line connecting the supporting unit and the fixed electrode, and is located on the substrate so as to face the first electrode.

Abstract: To provide an actuator which is easily made a small size and flexible, and has a large displacement. The actuator comprises a rod-shaped actuator element, having one axial end thereof fixed, including a dielectric film made of a dielectric elastomer and a plurality of electrodes arranged via the dielectric film, in the actuator element, the dielectric film extends as a voltage applied across the electrodes becomes large, and a load member connected to the other axial end of the actuator element and fixed in a state in which the actuator element is permitted to be extended axially, characterized in that making large the voltage applied across the electrodes causes the dielectric film to be extended, whereby the actuator element is extended axially according to the tension of the load member.

Abstract: An ultrasonic probe realizing a high sensitivity and a wide band thereof while miniaturizing a transducer and also taking into consideration a measure against generated heat. The ultrasonic probe includes: a backing material; a transducer array having a multi-layered structure in which a plurality of transducers are arranged in a first direction to compose a transducer group and a plurality of the transducer groups are arranged in a second direction different from the first direction; a first layer of conductive resin electrically connecting the first electrode layers of adjacent transducers with each other in each transducer group; a second layer of conductive resin electrically connecting the internal electrode layers of adjacent transducers with each other in each transducer group; and an insulating resin disposed in a predetermined region among the plurality of transducers in each transducer group.

Abstract: A hybrid piezoelectric energy harvesting transducer system includes: (a) first and second symmetric, pre-curved piezoelectric elements mounted separately on a frame so that their concave major surfaces are positioned opposite to each other; and (b) a linear piezoelectric element mounted separately on the frame and positioned between the pre-curved piezoelectric elements. The pre-curved piezoelectric elements and the linear piezoelectric element are spaced from one another and communicate with energy harvesting circuitry having contact points on the frame. The hybrid piezoelectric energy harvesting transducer system has a higher electromechanical energy conversion efficiency than any known piezoelectric transducer.

Abstract: A piezoelectric element includes: a base substrate; a lower electrode provided on the base substrate; a piezoelectric layer provided on the lower electrode; an upper electrode provided on the piezoelectric layer; and a protection layer that covers a side surface of the piezoelectric layer, wherein the protection layer is formed from polymeric material.

Abstract: An ultrasonic probe includes piezoelectric elements each including grooves parallel to each other and arrayed in a direction substantially parallel to the grooves, and a mixed member which is to fill the grooves and obtained by mixing in a nonconductive resin member a nonconductive granular substance with a coefficient of thermal expansion of not more than substantially 10?5 K?1.

Abstract: The piezoelectric actuator comprises: a supporting substrate; a thermal stress controlling layer which is formed on the supporting substrate; and a piezoelectric body which is formed as a film onto the thermal stress controlling layer on the supporting substrate at a higher temperature than room temperature, wherein the thermal stress controlling layer reduces a film stress induced by formation of the piezoelectric body.

Abstract: The multi-layer piezoelectric element comprises a stack having an active portion constituted from at least one piezoelectric layer and a plurality of internal electrodes consisting of first and second internal electrodes placed one on another, the active portion being subjected to expansion and contraction in response to a voltage applied across the first internal electrode and the second internal electrode, and external electrodes formed on two side faces of the stack with one thereof being connected to the first internal electrode and the other connected to the second internal electrode, wherein each of the external electrodes is constituted from three or more layers including a first layer formed in contact with the side face of the stack and a second layer formed on the first layer, to provide a multi-layer piezoelectric element having high durability.

Abstract: A stepping motor has a stator and a rotor disposed to surround the stator. The rotor has an annular magnet which has a plurality of magnetic poles formed along a circumference thereof, and a comb-teeth-shaped back yoke which is disposed to surround the magnet and has a plurality of comb teeth, the comb teeth being faced boundary positions of adjacent magnetic poles.

Abstract: An axial gap type generator which is shorter in axial length and lightweight is provided. An axial gap type engine driven generator in an axial gap type generator formed by an armature and a field magnet disposed in a housing along an axial direction of a drive shaft 100 includes a coreless armature 110 which is fixedly supported in the housing and to which an armature coil is mounted, and a pair of rotating field magnets 120 which have a pair of rotary disks to which permanent magnets 122 are mounted respectively, and are mounted to a drive shaft to sandwich the armature from both sides in a thickness direction of the armature.

Abstract: An encoder arrangement of a direct current motor, having an encoder housing, an encoder disk, a circuit board arranged perpendicular in reference to an motor shaft with an optic sensor encompassing the encoder disk in a U-shaped manner, and a connection plug aligned parallel to the motor shaft. The encoder arrangement allows a simple, economical, reliable, and precise assembly, requiring little construction space, and protecting the encoder arrangement from contaminations. The circuit board is provided with accepting slots for connectors, with contact surfaces of the circuit board being arranged partially around the accepting slots and an electric contact is made between the connectors and the contract surfaces. The encoder housing comprises an encoder housing ring and an encoder housing lid. The encoder housing ring is provided with a radial recess, which is arranged in the area of the connector plug.

Abstract: A brushless alternator includes a stationary field winding, a rotor, a stator, a rectifier, a terminal, and a protective resistor. The stationary field winding creates a magnetic flux. The rotor creates a rotating magnetic field with the magnetic flux created by the field winding. The stator includes three different-phase windings to generate a three-phase AC power in the rotating magnetic field created by the rotor. The rectifier rectifies the three-phase AC power generated by the stator into a DC power. The terminal is provided so that AC power generated by one of the three windings of the stator can be output from the alternator to external through the terminal. The protective resistor is electrically connected between the terminal and the one of the three windings of the stator to protect the alternator from electrical damage.

Abstract: An assembling structure for a flat-panel display unit, comprising: a housing body comprised of a front cabinet and a rear cabinet is assembled to house a flat display panel; at both side faces of rear cabinet, several base portions that are extended by predetermined lengths toward the front cabinets from the both side faces are provided; at inner sides of side faces of the front cabinet, engaging portions for engaging the base portions are provided; at the base portions, protruding portions are provided; at the engaging portions, guides for allowing the protruding portions to be slid are formed at predetermined angles relative to a direction perpendicular to a display face of the flat display panel.

Abstract: A cabinet system comprises a chassis having a plurality of openings, a plurality of modular doors, and at least one radio frequency system. Each opening has removably attached chassis-hinge portions on one of two edges. Each modular door comprises an outside surface, an inside surface opposing the outside surface, and door-hinge receptacles on at least two edges. The door-hinge receptacles receive door-hinge portions. Each door-hinge portion is positioned in a respective door-hinge receptacle on one edge of the plurality of modular doors and is configured to mate with a respective chassis-hinge portion on the one edge of one of the plurality of openings so the mated chassis-hinge portion and door-hinge portion form a hinge to rotatably attach the modular door to the one of the openings. The radio frequency system comprises electronic components attached to the inside surface of at least one of the plurality of modular doors.

Abstract: An electrical connection box includes: a body; a mounting member which is attached to the body; a shaft portion which is provided on the mounting member; and a shaft receiving portion which is provided on the body and receives the shaft portion rotatably. A first rib is formed on one of the shaft portion and the shaft receiving portion. When the mounting member is attached to the body, the first rib abuts against the other of the shaft portion and the shaft receiving portion.

Abstract: There is provided a housing apparatus in and out of which a keyboard and a mouse can be put and taken. The housing apparatus includes a keyboard housing section 11 that houses a keyboard in a vertical position, and a mouse housing section 18 on which a mouse can be placed, the mouse housing section 18 provided integrally with the keyboard housing section 11. The mouse housing section 18 allows mouses to be placed on both sides of the keyboard housing section 11. The keyboard housing section 11 is formed of a pair of supporting frames 12 that stand parallel to each other with a gap therebetween, and the mouse housing section 18 is formed of a flat plate 14 to which the lower ends of the supporting frames 12 are connected.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a front casing which includes a front casing body which is formed with a display opening; and a display panel module combined with the front casing, and including a panel body, a frame which is formed on a peripheral area of the panel body and supports the panel body, and a panel supporting member which is formed on the frame and supported to the front casing.

Abstract: Disclosed is a dishwasher that excludes operating noise transferred forwardly through a gap between a lower end of a main body and a mounting surface, thus minimizing noise perceived by a user. The dishwasher includes a main body provided with a washing chamber; and a front panel installed at a lower part of a front surface of the main body, and provided with a lower part covering a gap between the lower end of the main body and a mounting surface. The front panel includes a closure made of a flexible material connected to the lower part of the front panel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a recessed frame for supporting at least one fixture in a wall opening, wherein one such fixture may be for instance a dispenser for paper. The frame comprises a first sub frame having spaced apart wall members defining an opening; the first sub frame having first flange members for mounting the first sub frame flush with a wall surface surrounding the wall opening. The frame further comprises a second sub frame having the same geometric configuration as said first sub frame, at least one section of said second sub frame being arranged to telescope with respect to said first sub frame. The second sub frame may be arranged for adjustable positioning relative to the first sub frame by means of said telescoping relationship with respect to the wall surface surrounding the said wall opening. The fixture is releasably attached to the second sub frame. Releasable securing means are provided for locking the first and second sub frames relative to each other in a predetermined position.

Abstract: A hinge assembly (1) is described for the articulated connection of a vertically opening panel (2) to a furniture element (3) between a closing position and an opening position in which the panel (2) is at least partially lifted with respect to the hinge assembly (1) and to the furniture element (3). More specifically, the hinge assembly (1) comprises: —a supporting base (6); —a lifting lever (7) operatively connected to the panel (2) and hinged to the supporting base (6) about a pivoting axis (P1-P1) between the closing and opening positions of the panel (2); —a balancing device (10) acting on the lifting lever (7) to at least partially counterbalance the weight of the panel (2) during rotation of the lever (7) about the pivoting axis (P1-P1). According to the invention, in the mounting position of the hinge assembly (1) the pivoting axis (P1-P1) of the lifting lever (7) and the balancing device (10) are positioned above an upper surface (4a) of the furniture element (3).

Abstract: A storage cabinet including a rear wall having a first section with a first side edge and a second section attached to the first section and having a second side edge. A first sidewall is attached to the first side edge and a second sidewall is attached the second side edge. A top wall is attached to the first and second sidewalls and rear wall at upper ends thereof. A bottom wall is attached to the first and second sidewalls and rear wall at bottom ends thereof. At least two of the first section, the second section, the first sidewall, the second sidewall, the first door and the second door have a uniform size and shape. A plurality of attachment structures interconnect the first and second sections, the first and second sidewalls, the top wall, the bottom wall, the first door and the second door without the use of tools.

Abstract: Disclosed is a refrigerator having a basket lift apparatus capable of improving convenience for a user by lifting up a basket when the basket disposed at a lower portion of a body is opened. The refrigerator comprises: a refrigerator body having cooling chambers for storing food items; a frame slidingly received in a cooling chamber disposed at a lower portion of the body; a basket put on the frame and storing food items; a door positioned at the front of the frame and hingedly connected to the frame; a first link, one side of the first link being rotatably connected to the basket or the frame and the other side being slidably coupled with the frame or the basket; a second link disposed across the first link, one side of the second link being rotatably connected to the basket or the frame and the other side being slidably coupled with the frame or the basket; and a link drive unit connected to the first link or the second link and driving the link to allow the basket to ascend with respect to the frame.

Abstract: Provided is a home-bar door and a method of manufacturing the home-bar door. The home-bar door includes a first case, an insulating plate, and a second case. The first case forms a portion of an exterior of the home-bar door, and the insulating plate is disposed in the first case as a separate component. The second case is configured to be coupled to the first case to cover the insulating plate and form the exterior of the home-bar door. Therefore, since the first and second cases can be coupled to each other after disposing the insulating plate between the first and second cases, the home-bar door can be efficiently manufactured and have good quality.

Abstract: There is provided a spark plug of an internal combustion engine, including a cylindrical metal shell, an insulator retained in the metal shell and having a through hole in an axial direction of the spark plug and a center electrode fitted in the through hole of the insulator. The insulator includes a rear body portion, a middle body portion and a large-diameter portion located between and protruded radially outwardly from the rear and middle body portions to define a rear shoulder section connected to the rear body portion and a front shoulder section connected to the middle body portion. For strength improvements, the insulator has a first glaze layer extending over the rear body portion and the rear shoulder section of the large-diameter portion and a second glaze layer extending over at least part of the middle body portion from some point on the front shoulder section of the large-diameter portion.

Abstract: A plasma-jet spark plug comprising an insulator and a ground electrode which are disposed apart from each other in an axial direction (O) to prevent a damage of the insulator. The spark plug is capable of reducing an energy loss of the ejected plasma by defining a dimension of a clearance between the insulator and the ground electrode whereby deterioration of the ignitability of the plasma-jet spark plug is prevented. Clearance having a first clearance dimension “a” is formed between a front end of the insulator and the ground electrode. Since a volume S of a cavity formed at the front end side of the insulator is set to 10 mm3 or less, plasma formed in the cavity is prevented from spreading. Further, since the first clearance dimension “a” satisfies a<=0.5 mm, the plasma ejected from the cavity is ejected toward the outside of the spark plug while keeping sufficient energy, so that it is unlikely that an energy leak in the first clearance occurs on the way to an orifice.

Abstract: A spark plug (100) including a center electrode (130) and a ground electrode (140), which is formed by joining a ground electrode chip (143) to a ground electrode base material (141) via an intermediate member (142). A method for producing the spark plug (100) includes providing a projecting portion (142p) on the intermediate member (142), and projection-welding the intermediate member (142) to the ground electrode base material (141) by means of the projecting portion (142p), to thereby join the intermediate member 142 to the ground electrode base material (141). Further, the intermediate member (142) of the spark plug (100) includes a cylindrical columnar portion (142e) which is joined to the ground electrode chip (143), and a flange portion (142d) which is joined to the ground electrode base material (141) and which flange portion (142d) has a diameter greater than that of the cylindrical columnar portion (142e).

Abstract: A plasma jet spark plug and a manufacturing method therefor are disclosed. In a state in which a noble-metal chip having a flange-like outwardly projecting portion is disposed in a communication section of a ground electrode, an electrode base metal of the ground electrode is disposed in a stepped engagement portion of a metallic shell, which retains an insulator therein. While being pressed against a front end portion of the insulator, the noble-metal chip is joined to the electrode base metal, whereby a clearance between the ground electrode (electrode base metal) and the front end portion of the insulator can be closed. Therefore, energy of plasma generated within the cavity does not leak.

Abstract: A spark plug (1) for an internal combustion engine includes: a cylindrical insulator (2) having an axial hole (4) penetrating in a direction of an axis (C1); a center electrode (5) partially inserted in the axial hole (4); a metal shell (3) surrounding an outer periphery of the insulator (2) and which is fixed to the insulator (2) by means of a crimped portion (20) provided at a rear end portion of the metal shell (3); and a ground electrode (27) joined to the metal shell (3) such that a portion of the ground electrode (27) opposes a leading end portion of the center electrode (5) via a spark discharge gap (33), wherein the insulator (2) has an annular groove portion (23) which opposes an inner edge of the crimped portion (20).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a long-life carbon nanotube field emitter with a three-dimensional structure and method for fabricating the same. Since the emitter having an extended area according to the design of the present invention can minimize the current density flowing per single wire of the carbon nanotube, it can be expected that the damage of the carbon nanotube is minimized so that the lifetime of the field emitter can be significantly improved and the commercialization of the carbon nanotube field emitter will be advanced.

Abstract: The CRT (10) according to the invention has an envelop (11) including a panel (12) attached to a funnel (15), the funnel having a neck (14) and an electron gun (26) for generating at least one electron beam (28) contained in the neck. A mask (25) is contained in the envelop near the panel. A region of the mask has columns (30) of apertures (31) of predetermined heights and predetermined pitches. The at least one electron beam has a spot size range and spot shape selected such that the moiré transformation function for the CRT in the region is less than about 0.02, wherein the moiré transformation function is a quotient having a numerator being the difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of mask transmission and a denominator being the sum of the maximum and the minimum values.

Abstract: The invention provides an electron beam apparatus having: a rear plate having a plurality of electron-emitting devices each provided with a device electrode, and a plurality of wirings connected to the device electrodes; and a face plate being provided with an anode electrode, and being arranged in opposition to the rear plate so as to be irradiated with an electron emitted from the electron-emitting device, wherein the device electrode is electrically connected to the wiring through an additional electrode, and the additional electrode is formed from an electroconductive material of which phase transition from a solid phase directly into a vapor phase is caused at a temperature not lower than a melting point of the device electrode within an evacuated atmosphere.

Abstract: A three-dimensional structure forming a space in which a wiring-side portion of a device electrode is located is arranged on a rear plate. A surface potential of the three-dimensional structure is defined so that an electric field intensity of the space becomes weaker than an average electric field intensity expressed below, average electric field intensity=Va/d, where Va is application voltage of an anode electrode, and d is an interval between a rear plate and the face plate. The device electrode includes a high-temperature portion where temperature locally rises when current flows through the device electrode. The high-temperature portion is positioned in the space or at a distance of less than or equal to 20 ?m from the space.

Abstract: A thermo-optically functional composition is disclosed. The composition includes a solid solution of at least two materials selected such that the composition emits thermal radiation, wherein each material is selected from the group consisting of metal carbides, metal nitrides, metal oxides, metal borides, metal silicides and combinations thereof, wherein each metal is selected from the group consisting of tungsten or tungsten alloys, hafnium or hafnium alloys, niobium or niobium alloys, tantalum or tantalum alloys, titanium or titanium alloys, zirconium or zirconium alloys, and combinations of two or more thereof.

Abstract: A low mercury consumption electric lamp is provided having a layer of a luminescent material comprising a phosphor derived from a mixture of a mixture of a cool-white calcium halophosphate, a red-emitting yttrium oxide (YOX), a green-emitting cerium, terbium lanthanum phosphate (LAP), and a blue-emitting europium-activated barium magnesium hexa-aluminate (BAM).

Abstract: A compact fluorescent lamp includes an arc tube having a bulb with a spiral portion formed in at least a portion thereof, the bulb having an electrode sealed in each of both end portions thereof so as to form a discharge path inside, and both the end portions of the bulb opposing to each other at positions inside a portion having a maximum outer diameter of the spiral portion so that the opposing end portions have a minimum distance of 5 to 15 mm; a lighting device lightening the arc tube; a cover member which supports the arc tube and in which the lighting device is arranged; and a base supported by the cover member.