Abstract: A magnetoresistance effect element has a lamination structure comprising a free layer including two ferromagnetic layers, a pinned layer including two ferromagnetic layers, and at least one nano-contact portion composed of a single ferromagnetic layer and disposed at least one portion between the free layer and the pinned layer. A distance between the free layer and the pinned layer, i.e., thickness of the nano-contact portion in the lamination direction, is not more than Fermi length, preferably less than 100 nm.

Abstract: A tamper sensing system mounted with respect to a protected structure so as to have corresponding stress changes occur therein in response to selected kinds of tamperings with said protected structure comprising a first pair of stress affected magnetoresistive memory devices each capable of having a magnetic material layer therein established in a selected one of a pair of alternative magnetization states if in a first kind of stress condition and of being established in a single magnetization state if in an alternative second kind of stress condition, and the magnetic material layer in each having a magnetization in a first direction in one of the pair of alternative magnetization states and in a second direction in that remaining one of the pair of magnetization states.

Abstract: The present invention provides an overcurrent detection circuit capable of suppressing fluctuations in the overcurrent detection level when the input supply voltage or temperature fluctuates.

Abstract: A circuit breaker apparatus may be used to interrupt overcurrent and ground fault in a circuit. The circuit breaker apparatus may include an overcurrent coil for tripping the circuit breaker apparatus, a voltage coil also for tripping the circuit breaker apparatus located proximate to the overcurrent coil, and ground fault electronics connected to the voltage coil and structured to detect a ground fault in the circuit when the ground fault exceeds a threshold level. The ground fault electronics can be structured to send a trip signal to the voltage coil when a ground fault is detected, and the voltage coil can be structured to trip the circuit breaker apparatus when it receives the trip signal from the ground fault electronics.

Abstract: An IO buffer is formed having a substrate resistor at a support layer of a semiconductor on insulator substrate. A diode junction is formed between the substrate resistor and portion of the semiconductor on insulator substrate underlying the substrate resistor. In the event of a high-voltage event, current will flow through the diode junction.

Abstract: A bipolar transient clamp including a RC circuit, a clamping circuit and a breakdown circuit. The RC circuit is configured to control the rate of change of clamp. Moreover, the RC circuit is coupled between a first rail and a second rail. The clamping circuit is configured to pass a current from the first rail to the second rail. In addition, the clamping circuit is coupled to be activated by the RC circuit. The breakdown circuit is coupled between the RC circuit and the clamping circuit. The breakdown circuit is configured to increase the transient trigger voltage of the clamping circuit.

Abstract: The present invention describes an electro-static discharge protection device that has a low operation voltage and a reduced size. The electro-static discharge protection device includes a power clamp unit that provides a discharge path between a pair of power lines. The power clamp unit includes a trigger unit generating a trigger voltage corresponding to electrostaticity accumulated in a first power line. The power clamp device is switched by the trigger voltage of the trigger unit to form a discharge path to discharge the electrostaticity in the first power line to a second power line. The power clamp device may include an NMOS transistor connected to a gate and a bulk. The power clamp device may also include a resistor for dropping the trigger voltage to apply it to the bulk.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an electrostatic discharge protection circuit. The electrostatic discharge protection circuit of the present invention includes a transfer unit that transfers electrostaticity from at least one of a plurality of input/output pads to a boost bus line, a trigger unit that responds to the electrostaticity transferred via the boost bus line to detect a trigger voltage and apply it to a trigger bus line, and a plurality of clamp units that are connected between the input/output pads and an internal circuit. The clamp units are triggered by the trigger voltage of the trigger unit to discharge electrostaticity of the input/output pads to a first or second power supply voltage line, thereby safely protecting the internal circuit from electrostatic damage and lowering the operating voltage of the clamp unit with minimum costs without increasing an area of the electrostatic discharge protective circuit within a semiconductor integrated circuit.

Abstract: Disclosed are various embodiments of voltage protectors that include a first voltage clamping device configured to clamp a voltage of an input power applied to an electrical load, and a second voltage clamping device configured to clamp the voltage applied to the electrical load. A series inductance separates the first and second voltage clamping devices. Also, a switching element is employed to selectively establish a direct coupling of the input power to the electrical load, where a circuit is employed to control the operation of the switching element.

Abstract: Various systems and methods are provided for minimizing an inrush current to a load after a voltage sag in a power voltage. In one embodiment, a method is provided comprising the steps of applying a power voltage (100) to a load (246), and detecting a sag in the power voltage (106) during steady-state operation of the load. The method includes the steps of adding an impedance (RT) to the load upon detection of the sag in the power voltage, and removing the impedance when the power voltage has reached a predetermined poin in the power voltage cycle after the voltage has returned to normal.

Abstract: A weighing apparatus having a circuit for monitoring, detecting and recovering from an overcurrent condition is described. The circuit may include a switch, current sensor, latch circuitry and microprocessor. The microprocessor may allow the circuit to recover from the overcurrent condition.

Abstract: A load drive device is provided for outputting a control signal to a driving transistor and for driving a load by switching, the driving transistor and the load being connected in series between a direct current power source and ground. The load drive device includes a reverse connection protection unit which is provided in a line leading from a negative side of the direct current power source, and which blocks a current flowing therethrough when the direct current power source is connected in reverse. A failure detection is performed by a failure detection process by monitoring a change of a current flowing via the reverse connection protection unit during the driving transistor is in a conduction state.

Abstract: An exemplary electric outlet includes a power cable having a live wire and a naught wire; a first socket connected to the power cable; and at least one second socket connected to the power cable via an electric switch. The electric switch turn off the at least one second socket when a power of the first socket drops below its threshold value.

Abstract: An objective is to provide a highly-reliable undervoltage lockout circuit which can block and permit normal gate-driver output even when a supply voltage steeply increases. The undervoltage lockout circuit includes a reference-voltage circuit for outputting a reference voltage, a monitor-voltage circuit for outputting a monitor voltage, and a comparator for outputting, the reference voltage and the monitor voltage being inputted thereinto, a high/low signal, according to a comparison result of the reference voltage and the monitor voltage, in which the time constant of the monitor-voltage circuit for determining an increasing rate of the monitor voltage is set higher than that of the reference-voltage circuit for determining that of the reference voltage.

Abstract: Circuit arrangement embodiments that use relative groupings of energy pathways that include shielding circuit arrangements that can sustain and condition electrically complementary energy confluences.

Abstract: The invention relates to a protective plug (1) for a connection module (30), in particular in a terminal distribution box, comprising at least one surge arrester (5), a plastic housing (2), at least two connection contacts and at least one ground contact, it being possible, via the connection contacts, for the surge arrester (5) to be connected to connection contacts of a connection module (30), and it being possible, via the ground contact, for an electrical connection to be produced between the surge arrester (5) and a grounding rail (32) arranged below the connection module (30), the surge arrester (5) being arranged on a printed circuit board (4), the connection contacts being in the form of twin fork contacts (3), and the twin fork contacts (3) being formed with a stop (3c), which stops at a stop edge in the housing (2).

Abstract: An access control system dissipates voltage transients while allowing access control equipment to operate normally. The access control system utilizes an isolation patch panel which is provided with circuitry to prevent voltage transients from damaging access control equipment, while also enabling the access control equipment to be wired with standard Ethernet cabling.

Abstract: A method for removing static electricity from a first plate in a processing chamber including a substrate on the first plate and a second plate opposite the first plate, the method includes generating static electricity in the first plate to adhere the substrate to the first plate, and supplying argon gas into the processing chamber to remove the static electricity.

Abstract: There is provided a variable device circuit according to the present invention, including: a substrate; at least one movable switch device formed on a first principal surface of the substrate; at least one fixed capacitor device formed on the first principal surface of the substrate; at least one variable capacitor device formed on the first principal surface of the substrate; at least one variable inductor device formed on the first principal surface of the substrate; and wiring lines for electrically connecting the devices to one another, the wiring lines being formed on the first principal surface of the substrate; wherein electrical connections among the devices can be selected by operation of the movable switch device, whereby achieving stable, low-loss circuit characteristics with lower manufacturing cost.

Abstract: An interposer including: a substrate including a first layer and second layer, wherein the first layer and second layer are positioned parallel to each other; electrodes each having a concave-convex structure formed on each facing surface of the first layer and second layer of the substrate; a dielectric layer sandwiched between the electrodes which are formed on each facing surface of the first layer and second layer of the substrate; a first conductive part which vertically passes through the first layer of the substrate from a first outer surface of the substrate and is electrically connected to an electrode formed on a surface of the second layer of the substrate that faces the first layer of the substrate; and a second conductive part which vertically passes through the second layer of the substrate from a second outer surface of the substrate and is electrically connected to an electrode formed on a surface of the first layer of the substrate that faces the second layer of the substrate.

Abstract: Filtering assembly for a feedthrough, for implantable medical devices, having operating conductive pin(s) and a ground conductive pin. The filtering assembly has: first insulating substrate, first conductive layer accommodated at first side of first insulating substrate and second conductive layer accommodated at second side of first insulating substrate opposing first side, first conductive layer comprises a conductive ground ring accommodated that surrounds the circumference of one end of the operating conductive pins and capacitive element(s), wherein each of the capacitive element(s) provides on the first side a connection to the operating conductive pin(s) and on the second side a connection to the ground ring, wherein the ground ring is connected to the ground pin, the second conductive layer comprises a ground plane providing connection to the ground ring of the first conductive layer and a connection to the ground pin.

Abstract: A composite comprising a porous carbon structure comprising a surface and pores and a coating on the surface comprising MnO2, wherein the coating does not completely fill or obstruct a majority of the pores, and wherein the coating is formed by self-limiting electroless deposition. A capacitor comprising an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte, wherein the anode, the cathode, or both comprise a composite comprising a porous carbon structure comprising a surface and pores and a coating on the surface comprising MnO2, and a current collector in electrical contact with the composite.

Abstract: An electrolytic capacitor includes a cathode body. The cathode body includes a conductive solid layer having particles of conductive solid, formed using a dispersion including particles of conductive solid and a solvent. The particles of the conductive solid in the dispersion have a first particle size distribution peak and a second particle size distribution peak satisfying ?1>?2, where ?1 and ?2 are the average particle size of the first and second particle size distribution peaks, respectively, in particle size distribution measurement. Accordingly, there is provided an electrolytic capacitor reduced in ESR, and further having high withstand voltage and low leakage current.

Abstract: A carbon layer is formed on a solid electrolyte layer of the solid electrolytic capacitor, and a conductor layer connected to a cathode terminal is further disposed thereon. The carbon layer contains carbon particles, and a first additive or a second additive. The first additive is formed from at least one of those selected from the group consisting of hydrated silica and silicate. The second additive is formed from at least one of those selected from the group consisting of a condensation product of an aromatic sulfonic acid with formaldehyde, a condensation product of an aromatic sulfonate with formaldehyde, polystyrene sulfonic acid, and polystyrene sulfonate.

Abstract: A method for forming a capacitor including forming an anode from a valve metal; forming an oxide on the anode to form an anodized anode; dipping the anodized anode into a slurry of conductive polymer; drying the intrinsically conductive polymer; and providing external terminations in electrical contact with the anode and the conductive polymer.

Abstract: A surface mount capacitor is provided. The surface mount capacitor includes a capacitive element including an anode and a cathode, the anode having an exposed portion, an encapsulation material partially surrounding the capacitive element, a non-conductive substrate in contact with the encapsulation material, an anode termination connected to the non-conductive substrate, a cathode termination connected to the non-conductive substrate, and a first conductive path between the exposed portion of the anode and the anode termination comprising a first external conductive connection on a first external surface of the capacitor. The capacitor may also include a second conductive path between the cathode and the cathode termination. The second conductive path includes a second external conductive connection on a second external surface of the capacitor. The second conductive path may further include a conductive adhesive between the cathode and the second external conductive connection.

Abstract: A switchgear installation has a cubicle with a door to provide access thereinto, and a low voltage air circuit breaker is mounted therein and accessible through the door. Coupled to the circuit breaker is a logic module, and a portable user interface module is releasably mounted on the exterior of the door and operatively connected to the logic module to display information concerning the operation of the breaker and to provide an interface for the user to interact with the logic module and thereby with the breaker.

Abstract: An apparatus for protecting power switch includes a protecting board attached to a casing plate to cover the power switch. The edges of the protecting board bend vertically to form soldering portions to locate the protecting board on the casing plate, and then a groove is formed between the protecting board and the casing plate. One end of the groove is sealed and the other end of the groove is open, forming an inserting mouth sealed by a stopping section. The protecting board further defines an opening for exposing the power switch. A protecting gate is set in the groove and can slide along the groove to protect the power switch exposed.

Abstract: An assembly for a wall-mount remote-control module includes a housing adapted to receive the wall-mount remote-control module, the housing having mounting means adapted for attaching the wall-mount remote-control module to the housing, and a means for allowing access to input controls on the wall-mount remote-control module.

Abstract: A retractable display assembly (190) and electronic device (100) having a mount (210) and a winding structure (220) pivotally mounted to the mount (210). Spaced parallel flexible supporting braces (230) are coupled to the winding structure (220) and a flexible display screen (250) is mounted to and located between the spaced parallel flexible supporting braces (230). When the retractable display assembly (190) is in a retracted position the spaced parallel flexible supporting braces (230) and flexible display screen (250) are at least partially wound onto the winding structure (220). When the retractable display assembly (190) is in an extended position the spaced parallel flexible supporting braces (230) and flexible display screen (250) extend from the winding structure (220) such that the spaced parallel flexible supporting braces (230) provide a cantilevered support for the flexible display screen (250).

Abstract: A digital media apparatus includes display provided in a display housing, the housing having a front portion and a rear portion, and including a mounting region defined at an edge of the housing. A first frame element may be mounted to the display housing by passing the rear portion of the housing through an opening in the first frame element to allow the element to engage the mounting region. A second frame element may be mounted to the display housing by passing a front portion of the display housing into a cavity in the frame element and securing the element to the housing by a fastener.

Abstract: A composite multi-screen display device amalgamating various display technologies in a unique physical arrangement suited for small mobile digital devices is disclosed. A two-screen combination of a specific physical arrangement with software control facilitates use of a type of display architecture more suited for usage constraints of mobile electronic devices. The two screens are deployable in a variety of different positions relative to one another to facilitate modification of total viewing area and viewing angles. Additionally, the composite two screen digital device provides attachment of a mobile phone as a side screen display to increase the display area with software control directed by the device for all displays.

Abstract: An assembly for connecting plates is provided. A first plate has a first opening and a second opening; a metal wire is movably connected to one surface of the first plate, and the metal wire includes a bending portion corresponding to the position of the first opening; a spring connects the first plate and the metal wire; a pressing element is fixed on the metal wire and passes through the second opening of the first plate to protrude from the other surface of the first plate. The second plate has a hook. When the first plate and the second plate are assembled, the hook of the second plate passes through the first opening of the first plate, and the bending portion of the first plate prevents the hook from separating from the first opening by tension force of the spring thus to connect the first plate and the second plate.

Abstract: A computer enclosure includes a chassis (10), a drive bracket (20), and a cover panel (30) for covering the chassis after the drive bracket is mounted in the chassis. The chassis includes a pair of side panels (14), and a pair of supporting plates (16) being formed beside interior sides of the side panels respectively. At least one slot (161 or 163) is defined in each of the supporting plates, and the slot includes a flat sliding portion (161b or 163b) and an arc-shaped fixing portion (161c or 163c). The drive bracket includes a pair of side plates each with at least a stud (221) protruding therefrom corresponding to the slot of the chassis. After each stud of the drive bracket slides along the sliding portion of the corresponding slot and then engages within the fixing portion of the corresponding slot, the cover panel is slidably attached to the chassis, whereby the drive bracket is mounted in the chassis.

Abstract: A substrate for suspension 10 comprises a metallic substrate 1, an insulating layer 2 formed on the metallic substrate 1, having an opening for grounding terminal 3, and a grounding conductor 4 formed on the insulating layer 2. A grounding-terminal-forming material 5 is placed in the opening for grounding terminal 3 to form a grounding terminal 7 that connects the metallic substrate 1 and the grounding conductor 4. The grounding conductor 4 does not surround a portion 8 of the circumference of the opening for grounding terminal 3.

Abstract: A cable management system includes a cable base comprising a first end, a second end, and a resilient member that is operable to allow a rest distance between the first end and the second end to be changed. A plurality of cables are partially housed in the cable base, wherein each cable includes a first section that extends from the first end of the cable base and a second section that extends from the second end of the cable base.

Abstract: A casing includes a first casing member and a second casing member. The first casing member is provided on a side with a fuse module mounting section having a side opening. The second casing member is provided on the same side as the first casing member with a relay module mounting section having a side opening and extending downward. An ECU mounting frame extends from a bottom wall of the second casing member. An ECU is disposed on a second side of a bottom wall of the second casing member and in parallel with the relay module mounting section. A fuse module is attached to the fuse module mounting section to receive fuses. A relay module is attached to the relay module mounting section to receive relays. The fuse module and relay module that generate heat are disposed on a side of the casing in a vertical direction.

Abstract: A heat dissipation apparatus (100) includes a centrifugal blower (20) and a heat dissipater (10). The centrifugal blower includes a casing (22), a stator accommodated in the casing, and a rotor (24) rotatable disposed around the stator. The casing includes a base wall (224), a sidewall (226) surrounding the base wall and a cover (222) attached to the sidewall. The sidewall defines an air outlet (221) therein. An air channel (223) is formed between blades (242) of the rotor and an inner surface of the sidewall of the casing. The heat dissipater is made of porous material and disposed at the air outlet of the centrifugal blower. The heat dissipater has a tongue portion (12) extending into a part of the air channel.

Abstract: A battery unit includes a module assembly, a housing that houses the module assembly, and a blower. The module assembly includes a stack of battery modules, and defines a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface. The blower is disposed at an end of the module assembly. A rotation shaft of the blower is located between a first plane that includes the first surface and a second plane that includes the second surface. The blower is configured to supply air toward the first surface of the module assembly in a direction perpendicular to a stacking direction of the battery modules. The air is supplied over a range that is substantially equal to a dimension of the module assembly in the stacking direction.

Abstract: A heat dissipating apparatus for dissipating heat generated by heat producing device, includes a base, a fin set and an axial fan. The base is secured on the heat producing device. The fin set comprises a plurality of fins arranged on the base; the fins are spaced apart from and oriented parallel to each other, and form a plurality of air passages therebetween. The axial fan is installed at a lateral side of the fin set and directs airflow into the fin set through the air passages. The fin set has an inclined area at an end thereof, and the fan is installed on the inclined area of the fin set and oblique to the base.

Abstract: The invention concerns a cooling system for electronic devices, especially computers, comprising an evaporator (1), a vapor-distribution and condensate-collection element (3) and a condenser (2) with a plurality of condenser pipes (6) and a block of fins (5) connecting the condenser pipes (6), wherein the condenser pipes (6) are arranged parallel to each other and extend upwards from the vapor-distribution and condensate-collection element (3) and are closed at their upper ends.

Abstract: In an electronic device whose source of electric power is a fuel cell and which has a heat radiator that radiates heat by evaporating water generated in accordance with electric power generation of the fuel cell, there are provided a use condition detector that detects use condition of the electronic device, a heat radiation suppression discriminator that discriminates whether to suppress heat radiation by the heat radiator based on use condition detected by the use condition detector, and a heat radiation suppression controller that controls to suppress heat radiation by the heat radiator as a result of the discrimination by the heat radiation suppression discriminator.

Abstract: An electrical circuit assembly includes an electrical circuit substrate having a first side; a heat sink including a metal base plate having a first side and a second side, and a plurality of fins extending from the second side; and a thermally conductive and electrically insulating adhesive directly interconnecting at least a portion of the first side of the electrical circuit substrate with the first side of the base plate.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement comprising at least one electronic component (1) and a cooling body (3) associated therewith and a support physically interposed between the electronic component (1) and the cooling body (3) and having at least one layer (2) with at least one material of an electric strength of at least 10 kV/mm and a thermal conductivity of at least 5 W/mK. At least one recess (5) and/or at least one protruding element is arranged in and/or on the layer (2) of the support and is configured in such a manner that it extends, along the surface of the layer (2) of the support, preferably all electrically possible pathways between the electronic component (1) and the cooling body as compared to the condition of the layer (2) of the support without the recess (5) and/or without the protruding element.

Abstract: A system of an appliance host with at least a pair of generally parallel elongated interface structures cooperatively defining alternative pairs of locations for removably coupling a portable device to the outer wall and a potable device for use with the appliance. The interface structures may be rails, slots or elongated electrical connectors.

Abstract: Electronic module (10), and an electric motor (12) containing one, and also a production method for one, having an electrically conductive first substrate (16) which has a basic body (54) and which has a second electrically conductive substrate (18) mounted on it, and having at least one power component which is arranged on a first substrate (16), and the second substrate (18) is fitted with further components (40) on a side (32) which is remote from the first substrate (16), where the second substrate (18) has a smaller base area (19) than the basic body (54) of the first substrate (16), and the power components (22) are mounted on the first substrate (16) outside the outer perimeter (70) of the second substrate (18)—next to the latter.

Abstract: In a chip mounting apparatus, a structure is employed that a separation facilitation head keeping part is provided for detachably keeping a plurality kinds of separation facilitation heads in a wafer ring holding part and a chip separation facilitation unit is allowed to access to the separation facilitation head keeping part by a moving mechanism to automatically carry out a changing operation for changing the separation facilitation head between the separation facilitation head keeping part and a separation facilitation head attaching part provided in the chip separation facilitation unit without annoying operator's hands. Thus, the separation facilitation head can be automatically changed to improve the operation rate of the apparatus.

Abstract: Provided is a carrier assembly for an integrated circuit. The assembly includes a printed circuit board (PCB), and a carrier fast with the PCB. The carrier has a matrix of island contacts interconnected by respective serpentine members to allow resilient deflection of such contacts relative to each other, the matrix surrounding a passage defined through the carrier. Also included is a retainer for operatively locating the integrated circuit within said passage so that the integrated circuit is electrically connected to the carrier.

Abstract: An integrated circuit carrier arrangement includes a printed circuit board (PCB), a receiving plate to which an integrated circuit can be mounted, and a carrier fast with the PCB. The carrier has a plurality of resilient interconnection arms and a plurality of electrical connection islands. A number of the interconnection arms interconnect adjacent electrical connection islands, and a number of the interconnection arms interconnect an electrical connection island and the receiving plate, so that a plurality of electrical connection islands surrounds the receiving plate.

Abstract: A fixing system for printed circuit boards arranged one above the other in an electronics housing, in particular for automotive applications. One printed circuit board is fixed to the electronics housing by a rigid fixing means and all of the other printed circuit boards are fixed by way of sprung fixing means. The is provided an advantageous fixing system for printed circuit boards arranged one above the other in an electronics housing which makes it possible for the printed circuit boards to be mounted in a stress-free manner, but in the process forms defined thermal transition regions, and which requires little installation space on the printed circuit board. It is particularly suitable for automotive applications.