Abstract: An optical pickup includes: a slide base, having: a first surface; and a second surface; a first substrate fixed to the first surface; a standing frame disposed on the second surface; a second substrate facing the standing frame; a laser diode operable to emit a laser beam to the disk and disposed in the standing frame; an optical, element supported by the second substrate and adapted to receive a reflected beam; a flexible flat cable. The flexible flat cable is bent so that one end portion of the flexible flat cable is connected to the second substrate. A curved portion is formed with a slit elongated in a longitudinal direction of the flexible flat cable and defines an outer portion and an inner portion. A width of the inner portion is narrower than a width of the outer portion.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an optical system for extracting signal light components from a beam including the signal light components and stray light components. The optical system includes a condensing optical element situated on an optical path of the beam for condensing the beam, a polarization changing unit for changing the state of polarization of at least one of the signal light components and the stray light components included in the incident beam transmitted through the condensing optical element, and an extracting element for extracting the signal light components included in the beam transmitted through the polarization changing unit.

Abstract: A recording medium comprising a recording area, the recording area includes a first area and a second area, the first area includes a frame area, the frame area includes an area in which a second synchronization code sequence and at least a portion of data are to be recorded, and the second area includes an area in which a third synchronization code sequence and a fourth synchronization code sequence are to be recorded.

Abstract: A storage device and a method for scanning a storage medium. A storage medium for storing data in the form of marks is scanned by an array of probes for mark detecting purposes in a scanning mode. The storage medium has fields with each field to be scanned by an associated one of the probes. At least one of the fields has marks representing operational data for operating the scanning mode. Scanning parameters are computed from the operational data and the scanning mode is adjusted according to the computed parameters.

Abstract: The present invention is configured that specific information used for determining whether or not to create a folder with a name generated in accordance with a given rule has been previously written to an information recording medium, and that an information recording apparatus reads the specific information from the information recording medium, and only in the case where the specific information has been written, the information recording apparatus automatically generates a name of a folder in accordance with a given rule and writes the information to the folder. Thus, the user can store the information in the folder with the consistent name that facilitates the user to search and manage the information.

Abstract: A recording medium comprising a recording area, the recording area includes a first area and a second area, the first area includes a frame area, the frame area includes an area in which a second synchronization code sequence and at least a portion of data are to be recorded, and the second area includes an area in which a third synchronization code sequence and a fourth synchronization code sequence are to be recorded.

Abstract: An information recording medium is provided, which comprises a plurality of recording layers and a first disc information area for storing parameters relating to access to the plurality of recording layers and formats relating to the plurality of recording layers. The first disc information area is provided in a first recording layer which is one of the plurality of recording layers.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, when recording information by using a semiconductor laser at 450 nm or less, an information recording medium satisfies 9.5×10?8??/(X*NA)?4.6×10?8 (where X is the linear recording velocity, ? is the laser wavelength, and NA is the numerical aperture).

Abstract: An information recording medium according to the present invention includes a plurality of recording layers, and a test area for determining a recording power of a laser light for each of the plurality of recording layers, in which a first test area of a first layer and a second test area of a second layer adjacent to the first layer are provided at different radial positions.

Abstract: This disclosure describes companded transmit path techniques that may be implemented in a wireless communication device to reduce power consumption and possibly simplify signal modulation. In accordance with this disclosure, in phase (I) and quadrature phase (Q) components of a transmit waveform are compressed at baseband, and an emphasis envelope is generated to represent this compression. The compressed I and Q components are then converted to analog signals and processed. This analog processing may include the mixing process in which the compressed I and Q signals are modulated onto a carrier waveform. The emphasis envelope signal is then used to expand the modulated waveform.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method, apparatus and system for detecting the mode and the guard interval of a received orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, which includes a guard interval with length Ng, and a useful part with length Nu. Mode is detected by searching for the maximum correlation or statistics value based on one (for example, the shortest one) guard interval length. Further, guard interval is detected by searching for the maximum correlation value based on all guard interval lengths.

Abstract: In one embodiment, sessions are synced from an active device to a standby device according to a priority. One or more attributes are determined for a plurality of sessions that need to be synced between an active device and a standby device. The attributes may be used to determine a value of syncing a session. A priority for syncing the sessions based on the attributes is then determined. The sessions are then synced based on the priority. For example, a portion of sessions considered to be of a higher priority may be synced before a portion of sessions considered to be of a lower priority. Because the sessions considered of a higher priority are synced first, if a double failure occurs where the active device fails during the syncing process, at least the higher priority sessions have been synced with the standby device and the standby device can take over these sessions.

Abstract: A method and device are used for realizing primary-backup protective of low order cross apparatus of SDH low order virtual container deploy based on switching network. The method includes distributing multicast ID as the destination address of code flow of high order virtual container, wherein the high order virtual container includes SDH low order virtual container to be deployed and the multicast ID is directed respectively to the port connected to the two or more than two low order cross apparatuses in switching network; closing the connected channel between the switching network and said backup low order cross apparatus; and opening the connected channel between the switching network and one of the backup low order cross apparatus when the primary low order cross apparatus fails. The method can efficiently perform primary-backup rearrangement when SDH low order virtual container is deployed based on switching network.

Abstract: To improve a method of improving communication between mobile nodes in an ad-hoc wireless network and in particular to reduce the amount of data to be transmitted, all the nodes are organized into application-specific clusters and the information that is relevant to each application is stored in the head element of the cluster.

Abstract: Various techniques for signaling in a cluster are disclosed. The cluster includes a number of nodes that support communications by an apparatus. The apparatus may be configured to support a wireless connection with a first node in the cluster. The apparatus may be further configured to support a first control flow with the first node. The apparatus may be further configured to support a second control flow, through the first node, with a second node in the cluster. The first and second control flows include a plurality of frames each having a field and content, and wherein the field in each of the frames identifies whether the content in that frame is part of the first or second control flow.

Abstract: A solution is provided wherein the mobile device selects a multislot class based on the profile of the traffic to be utilized by the mobile device. This may be performed manually by a user, or may be performed automatically where an application or driver software automatically and dynamically determines the best multislot class for the applications being used. This can be accomplished, for example, by looking at the classification of the transport control protocol (TCP) port numbers used, by examining the data sent and received by the network, and/or looking up a profile for the user or device. If the user changes applications or some other event occurs on the mobile device that might cause a change in the profile of the traffic, the mobile device may terminate its current multislot class assignment and re-announce itself, allowing the system to transfer the mobile device to a new multislot class.

Abstract: Techniques for collecting and displaying sensor data captured by a spatially and temporally representative sample of sensors requested in a search query are described. The sensors are represented in an index structure (e.g., a data tree) having a plurality of leaf nodes and internal nodes. The leaf nodes are associated with sensors and the internal nodes are allotted with caches having cache slots for storing sensor data with various expiry times. In response to a query, the index structure is leveraged to identify a set of nodes associated with sensors of a user selected spatial region. Sensor data having an expiry time greater than a user specified expiry time is then collected from one or more cache slots of the set of nodes. In this manner, the number of sensors to be probed to collect the sensor data is reduced.

Abstract: A policy change management scheme for network resource management through dynamic policy adaptations especially suitable for DiffServ-enabled MPLS networks is presented. The scheme incorporates automated resource adaptation capabilities to assure QoS for user traffic and to promote resource utilization in DiffServ-enabled MPLS networks. A suite of resource management policies, an ordered set of methods for adjusting policies, and interfaces to a companion policy-based network management system are provided. The policies are periodically adjusted based on predictive bandwidth estimation algorithms ensuring optimal resource allocation to individual service classes and enabling adjustment of resources for handling current traffic and traffic expected for the near future.

Abstract: A technique is described for flooding data packets in a telecommunication switching device comprising a plurality of interface blades. The technique comprises arranging a logical ring by interconnecting a group of interface blades of the telecommunication switching device, wherein the interface blades of the group comprise all leaf ports of the telecommunication device. Upon receiving a packet with un known destination at a particular interface blade of the logical ring, the packet is forwarded along the logical ring using unicast transmission. At each of the interface blades holding at least one leaf port, the packet is fed to at least one leaf port of the interface blade. The technique both ensures that the packet will be received at its destination via any of the leaf ports, and prevents burst flooding in the telecommunication switching device.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and circuit for a receiver to receive data from an associated data transmitter. The receiver may include a signaling module adapted to transmit a Ready-To-Receive (“RTR”) signal to the associated transmitter when a number of vacant bits in a data buffer exceeds a delay associated value.

Abstract: A method of determining a location of a network condition within a wireless mesh network is disclosed. The method includes a test device testing a first plurality of wireless hops of the wireless mesh network. The test device also tests a second number of wireless hops of the wireless mesh network. The test device locates the network condition within the wireless mesh network by comparing the test of the first plurality of wireless hops with the test of the second number of wireless hops.

Abstract: This invention describes a low cost method for electrical and electronic appliances to communicate with a master control appliance (such as a computer). It has often been said that very soon all appliances will be connected to the internet. However this is economically infeasible at this time. The minimum cost of adding ethernet connectivity to an appliance is approximately $100. For an appliance that costs less than $100 (and there are many) this is obviously infeasible. This invention describes a method which can be implemented for less than $2 and will meet the needs of an appliance to communicate with a master control appliance (such as a computer).

Abstract: A method and system for automating cross-connects for a telecommunication system comprising a network of communication lines for connecting subscriber locations to a central office exchange 112. The communication lines extend to the subscriber locations from a main distribution frame (MDF) (320) in which a plurality of standard termination blocks are housed in the MDF for terminating the lines from to the subscriber side and lines from the exchange side, which are cross-connected in the prior art with jumper wires. In an embodiment of the invention, the cross-connects are mounted on modular cross-connect boards having mechanical switching means that are inserted into or connected to the termination blocks. Automation is achieved by selectively controlling the connection state of the cross-connects via a computer terminal (350,352) located remotely from the MDF. The system is scalable to the growth in subscriber lines within the MDF by installing additional cross-connect boards.

Abstract: Network service operational status monitoring methods and apparatus are disclosed. Responsive to a service status request associated with a network service, an operational status of the network service is determined by an intermediary between a service status requester and the network service. The operational status is a service-specific operational status of the network service in some embodiments. Operational status may be determined through a multi-level procedure in which subsequent levels after a first level of the multi-level procedure are or are not performed depending on a result of a preceding level of the procedure. A multi-level procedure may involve a service connectivity check and a service operational check, for instance.

Abstract: A system, method and computer program product for monitoring availability of end user devices needed for performing tasks. The system comprises a first network including one or more devices associated with an end user, at least one device adapted for communicating with a service provider over a second network, the service provider providing network-based services in the system. The system includes a memory storage device for maintaining information of tasks associated with an end user, the information including recommended end-user devices adapted to perform the tasks, the information being accessible to at least one end-user device. At least one end-user device detects non-availability or performance deficiencies of any end-user device required in performing end-user tasks, and communicates with the service provider for invoking network-based services to facilitate correcting non-availability of any end-user device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a low-effort monitoring method of the transmission quality of connections in MPLS networks. Specially configured MPLS-OAM packets (MPLS-OAM-LAV packets) are defined and are periodically inserted into the traffic flow of user data packets at the source of a connection or a partial section of a connection, said MPLS-OAM-LAV packets being distinguishable from other MPLS-OAM packets and the MPLS packets carrying user data by a special mark. The information part of the MPLS-OAM-LAV packets contains a field receiving the number of MPLS packets that have been sent within a given period of time. Said tally is read out at the reception end (acceptor) and is compared with the number of actual packets received for said connection within the given period of time. The result serves as a criterion for lost and/or erroneously added packets.

Abstract: A method of transmitting data packets over an air interface is disclosed. At least a first and second stream of data packets are multiplexed, wherein a multiplexed stream of data packets is generated. The multiplexed stream of data packets is processed by a forward error correction function, wherein the forward error correction function adds redundancy bits to the multiplexed stream of data packets, wherein a third stream of data packets is generated, and wherein the redundancy bits are used for an error control to be performed on the third stream of data packets. The third stream of data packets is then transmitted over the air interface.

Abstract: Improved detection of specific BFD LSP path failures is herein disclosed. The improved detection described herein allow for faster fault isolation of a failure along a LSP path, which in turn may allow for faster repair of the failure. When opening a BFD session with a LSP egress node, the LSP ingress node provides the LSP egress node a path descriptor along with the BFD Discriminator. If a BFD failure is detected at the LSP egress node, the LSP egress node can signal an alarm that includes a full description of the path.

Abstract: A system and method of determining data latency in a network is provided. A first data sample of application level data (e.g., financial data) is provided from a data stream received at a first network point. A second data sample of application level data (e.g., financial data) is also provided from a data stream received at a second network point, where the data streams in the first and second network points include common data and the first and second data samples include common data. A correlation between common data, in the first and second data samples is determined and a time difference between the correlated common data in the first and second data samples is then calculated.

Abstract: A method, system and apparatus for dynamically modifying the quality of service provided to a mobile communication device. The method includes the steps of establishing a secure tunnel between the mobile communication device and a remote network through a wireless network; communicating through the secure tunnel at a first quality of service; determining that a second quality of service, higher or lower than the first quality of service, is more appropriate to the communication type, and requesting, from the wireless network, the second quality of service.

Abstract: Methods of correlating wireless network performance of a wireless network are disclosed. One method includes collecting wireless network performance parameters at a location of the network, observing at least one of activities and conditions of the wireless network over the period of time, and correlating the wireless network performance parameters with at least one of the activities and conditions of the wireless network. The wireless network performance parameters can be collected by one or more test devices operating at nodes or clients within the wireless network.

Abstract: A simple-structure communication checker capable of detecting the communication state of devices communicating in different communication methods is provided. The communication checker includes an SLPR communication detector that detects the communication state through the SLPR service and a FOMA communication detector that detects the communication state through the FOMA service.

Abstract: The SINR (signal-to-interference+noise ratio) estimator comprises a low-pass filter (66) to filter a variance ?? computed from the received pilot symbol amplitude to obtain an estimated variance ?? with a reduced bias, wherein the low-pass filter has an adjustable coefficient and the estimator comprises an electronic controller able to adjust the value of the adjustable coefficient according to the number of pilot symbols received during a timeslot.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for selecting an antenna in a communication system is provided. The apparatus includes a mobile station for determining a set of transmit antennas by considering statistical channel information, for determining a subset of the transmit antennas, which can increase a diversity gain and reduce an effect of a spatial correlation, from among the determined set of the transmit antennas by considering the statistical channel information and instantaneous channel information, for generating antenna selection information by using the determined subset of the transmit antennas, and for feeding back the generated antenna selection information to a base station.

Abstract: A method includes receiving a first capture time corresponding to a first time that a data packet is received at a first probe and a second capture time corresponding to a second time that the data packet is received at a second probe. The data packet is from existing network traffic transmitted over a data network. The first and second probes can be configured to capture the data packet in response to a capture instruction. The first capture time and second capture time are different and are used to calculate the latency of at least a portion of a data network.

Abstract: A network configuration management includes the steps of sending from the management terminal (1100) participation terminal information stored in the management terminal; receiving by the participation terminal (1200, 1300, 1400) other than the management terminal, participation terminal information sent from the management terminal (1100); judging by the participation terminal other than the management terminal, whether or not the participation terminal can communicate with another participation terminal device that is participating in a wireless network (1010); sending a communication availability judgment result which is obtained by the judging step, from the participation terminal other than the management terminal to the management terminal (1100); and determining by the management terminal (1100), a participation terminal that should be excluded from the wireless network (1010) in accordance with the communication availability judgment result, and deleting by the management terminal device, from the par

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and computer instructions for configuring routing devices in a network data processing system. A routing change is identified in the network data processing system. In response to the routing change being identified, a node topology is generated for a set of routing devices present in the network data processing system. A master network configuration table is built at a routing device within the set of routing devices. The network configuration table contains configuration data from the routing devices in the node topology. The master network configuration table is broadcast to the routing devices in the network data processing system.

Abstract: A node forms a network by scanning for an existing network. If an existing network is not found, the node operates as a network controller node of the first network and admits at least one client node to the first network. As a network controller node, the node designates one of the client nodes as a scout node. The scout node removes itself from the first network and scans for a second network. If the scout node does not return to the first network after a predetermined time, it is assumed that the scout node has found a second network. The network controller node of the first network then designates the remaining client nodes as scout nodes, and then joins the second network as a client node. Therefore, multiple networks are avoided.

Abstract: A method of operating an ad-hoc network having a plurality of wireless nodes includes operating the wireless nodes using a routing protocol, such as OLSR, so that the wireless nodes store forward multi-point relay (MPR) spanning tree routes and reverse MPR spanning tree routes. A first wireless node communicates with a second wireless node using a reverse MPR spanning tree route. The method further includes determining whether the reverse MPR spanning tree route has become unavailable between the first and second wireless nodes and that no other reverse MPR spanning tree route has yet become available, and, if so, using at least portions of a forward MPR spanning tree route for communication between the first and second wireless nodes. The symmetric OLSR approach may be effective in avoiding unnecessary route drops caused by the interaction between distribution-of-topology-change-information conditions and exclusively routing via the destination node's reverse-MPR-spanning tree.

Abstract: To implement highly-reliable information transmission to a plurality of counterparties by using one radio resource. A transmission information construction unit 104 of a base station 500 divides image information, designate order number thereto, and performs transmission multiple times at slots notified with notification information. A control unit 620 of a sub station 600 receives the notification information, establishes synchronization of TDMA and frequency hopping with the base station 500, performs reception of image information at a slot notified with the notification information, discards redundantly-received image information based on the order numbers, and performs displaying the image information.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for implementing downlink JD (Joint Detection) in TDD CDMA communication systems, wherein the steps to be executed in the UE comprises: receiving downlink signals from a network system in a specific timeslot; acquiring the active primary and secondary channelisation codes in the specific timeslot, through processing the downlink signal; acquiring the initial ACC (Active Channelisation Codes) information for use in implementing JD in the next frame, through implementing a JD algorithm on the downlink signal by using the primary and secondary channelisation codes. An ACC dedicated channel is sent on the FPACH, carrying information relative to the use of secondary channelisation codes.

Abstract: In a high-frequency amplifier for amplifying transmission and reception signals, an integrated circuit area is reduced to reduce production costs. A high-frequency amplifier (101) includes a reception signal amplifying part (102), a transmission signal amplifying part (103), and a spiral inductor (104). An output of the reception signal amplifying part (102) is connected with an output of the transmission signal amplifying part (103) to be an output terminal OUT of the high-frequency amplifier (101). The single spiral inductor (104) is connected to the output terminal OUT. This spiral inductor (104) is used as a load common to the reception signal amplifying part (102) and the transmission signal amplifying part (103). Thereby, the area of the integrated circuit is reduced, and the production cost is reduced.

Abstract: Method for synchronizing a plurality of mobile radio devices, mobile radio devices and a method for synchronizing a mobile radio device. In one embodiment of the invention, a method for synchronizing a plurality of mobile radio devices is provided including transmitting a downlink synchronization signal in a shared downlink synchronization channel to a plurality of mobile radio devices, and receiving a plurality of uplink synchronization signals via a plurality of dedicated uplink synchronization channels.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving data in a Base Station (BS) of a communication system are provided. A controller determines a location of a Mobile Station (MS), and determines a transmission/reception scheme for data transmission and reception to/from the MS according to the location of the MS. A transceiver transmits and receives data to/from the MS using the determined transmission/reception scheme. Preferably, the MS is located in any one of a cell's inner region and a cell's outer region, the cell's inner region has a radius which varies according to interference between adjacent cells, and the cell's outer region is a region defined by excepting the cell's inner region from the entire cell region.

Abstract: A digital video interface system and method for communicating digital video data from a source device to a sink device is provided, where the clock channel is used to transmit data as well as clock signals in a bi-directional, half-duplex manner using time division multiplexing. The digital video interface system comprises one or more data channels configured to transmit digital video data from the source device to the sink device in time divisional multiplexing including a plurality of first time slots and second time slots, and a clock channel configured to transmit a clock signal from the source device to the sink device in the first time slots and configured to transmit additional data from the source device to the sink device or from the sink device to the source device in the second time slots.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for setting up a connection between a terminal (MS) in a communication network and a network element (AS, IPU) in an IP network for exchanging data of an IP-based service. The invention is characterized by setting up a connection between at least one network unit (OSUS-Proxy) of the communication network and the terminal (MS) of the communication network for exchanging data of an IP-based service comprising at least one signaling message. The at least one network unit (OSUS-Proxy) of the communication network, in accordance with the content of the at least one signaling message by the terminal (MS), sets up a connection for exchanging data of an IP-based service with the network element (AS, IPU) of the IP network with at least one recipient-specific signaling.

Abstract: A method for requesting information about at least one object via a network having multiple links, this at least one object is situated amidst multiple objects and each of these objects has at least one module for the exchange of data, one of the links being established in each case between two modules of two adjacent objects, thereby implementing the network.

Abstract: Techniques for increasing the battery life on a mobile device by decreasing the energy consumption of the mobile device's wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) interface are described. In one embodiment, the mobile device's Wi-Fi interface is automatically disabled when the device is not engaged in a voice over internet protocol (VoIP) call via the Wi-Fi interface. When a VoIP call is initiated on the device, or when the device receives a wake up call from a server via its Cellular interface, the Wi-Fi interface is automatically enabled. Using its Wi-Fi interface, the mobile device then connects to an IP-based network via a Wi-Fi access point. The server then initiates a direct call, wherein VoIP technology is used by the mobile device, between the mobile device and a VoIP calling device.

Abstract: The current options for wireless communication have changed the way people work and the way in which networks can be deployed. However, there remains unresolved problems in the setup and configuration of wireless communication links. Both known cellular and ad hoc wireless networking protocols and systems are deficient in that the ability for users to communicate without a priori knowledge of MAC addresses (represented by phone numbers, IP addresses and the like) is limited or may be compromised in a hostile environment. In contrast, provided by aspects of the present invention are devices, systems and methods for establishing ad hoc wireless communication between users that do not necessarily have MAC addresses and the like for one another. In some embodiments, a first user visually selects a second user and points a coherent light beam at an electronic device employed by the second user.

Abstract: A node configured to communicate with a user equipment via at least two access network domains.