Abstract: The invention generally relates to a curling assembly for curling metal shells. The curling assembly has a shell support member having a flange extending from a foundation of the shell support member with the flange having a first aperture and a second aperture passing through the flange. An outer curler segment is coupled to the shell support member. An adjustment screw passes through the first aperture of the flange with the adjustment screw being structured to engage the outer curler segment. Actuation of the adjustment screw would position the outer curler segment. The second aperture of the flange is structured to receive a fastener for coupling the shell support member to a base of a curling unit. A curling unit for curling metal shells is also provided. A press in combination with a curling unit for curling metal shells is also provided.

Abstract: A method is described for producing a cylindrical hollow body from a blank, with the workpiece being opened in the core region by successive swaging which is angularly offset against each other about the axis of the workpiece and being simultaneously pushed onto a piercing mandrel. In order to improve the piercing it is proposed that the workpiece is pressed during the swaging with a predeterminable axial force against the piercing mandrel which can be advanced against the workpiece against this axial force, which piercing mandrel is moved back to its initial position synchronous with the axial feed of the workpiece between the successive swaging steps.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for applying an adjustable tensile-stress distribution, in particular in the edge regions during the cold-rolling of metal strips (16), in particular metal foil, in order to reduce the risk of an excessive build-up of tension and cracks at the edges of the strip, which can lead as a negative consequence to cracks in the strip and to a reduction in production, and in order to improve the surface of the strip and its planarity, even for a relatively high strip displacement speed, and also to reduce strip trimming widths.

Abstract: A roll stand for edgers in rolling mills. The roll stand is formed of several pieces, including two crossheads and four longitudinal bars as main components, as well as one respective common cruciform junction point for the crosshead and the longitudinal bars, which is located at the ends of the longitudinal bars. Pretensioned through bolts that act as a joint are used at least at the top ends of the longitudinal bars.

Abstract: In a method of making a metallic thin wire 1, one single metallic thin wire 2 is prepared to have a predetermined length with a middle portion of the one single metallic thin wire 2 as a fixed portion. Front and rear half portions of the one single metallic thin wire 2 are twisted with a tensile weight W applied to the front and rear half portions in the lengthwise direction. The one single metallic thin wire 2 is processed with a heat treatment to remove a residual stress. This provides the metallic thin wire 1 with a high rotation-following capability and high torque transmissibility, thus enabling artisans to usefully apply the metallic thin wire 1 to a main wire component 25 of a medical tool and equipment.

Abstract: A folding brake includes a frame having a pair of vertically disposed and spaced side members and a lower clamp member rigidly attached to each side member and disposed in a horizontal plane. An upper clamp member is pivotally positioned in relationship to the lower clamp member for selectively clamping a workpiece positioned thereon. A first drive member generates a clamping force and selectively moves the upper clamp member. A pivotally mounted bend rail is engageable with a portion of such workpiece protruding beyond a front edge of the lower clamp member. A second drive member generates a bending force and selectively pivots the bend rail in a first direction to apply the bending force to such workpiece and in a second direction to disengage the workpiece. A controller is provided for operating the first and second drive members.

Abstract: Method of forming a workpiece comprising (a) providing a tool and a workpiece, wherein the workpiece has an initial shape; (b) placing the workpiece and the tool in contact, applying force to the tool and/or the workpiece, and moving the tool and/or the workpiece to effect a change in the initial shape of the workpiece by forming; and (c) providing a jet of cryogenic fluid and impinging essentially all of the jet of cryogenic fluid on a surface of the tool.

Abstract: A heavy-duty hose clamp installation tool is described. A pair of lever arms operates a pair of jaw members to engage a pinch clamp ear. The installation tool includes a pair of jaw members with clamp edges forming a lip for receiving the clamp ears. A pair of extension arms connects the jaw members to a pair of lever arms. The extension arms are pivotally interconnected intermediate the jaw member section so that closing the handle ends of the lever arms translates the jaw members towards a closed position thereof, thus squeezing the clamp ear. Once the ear of the clamp is crimped, an auxiliary form punch is used to flatten the ear, resulting in a tighter clamp configuration.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pair of pressing jaws for hydraulic or electric pressing tools for pressing fittings onto pipes or for the press connection of electric cables, the two pressing jaws being disposed for rotation about a common axis and each pressing jaw forming a bearing eye for this purpose. In order to configure a pair of pressing jaws of the type in question in a more functionally advantageous manner, it is proposed that each pressing jaw forms two bearing eyes with coaxial bearing openings, and the bearing eyes are disposed in an interengaging manner in the assembled state.

Abstract: The drive housing (26) of a bodymaker (20) carries a major ring (32) in stationary position and a planetary ring carrier (36, 46) for rotation on the central axis of the major ring. The planetary ring carrier (36, 46) carries a minor planetary ring (34) in internal engagement with the major ring (32) for rotation on its own axis in rolling orbit against the inside circumference of the major ring (32). A crank (54) is connected to rotate with the planetary ring and provides a journal (56) positioned at the circumference of the planetary ring (34) for drivingly engaging a ram (60). The diameter of the planetary ring (34) is one-half the diameter of the major ring (32), establishing a straight-line path of movement for the journal (56) along an axis (X-X) parallel to a selected diameter of the major ring (32). A frame (22, 72) supports ram (60) in suitable position with respect to drive housing (26) for straight-line reciprocation on the axis (X-X) parallel to the selected diameter.

Abstract: An upper die 7 that is fixed to a ram 4d of a press machine 1 includes a forming punch 9 for conducting drawing, forming and listing, upper die-side cutting edges 13a for conducting trimming, and flat-face piercing punches 11 for conducting flat-face piercing, to respectively a work W in cooperation with a lower die 8. The lower die 8 is provided with a forming die 12 corresponding to the upper die 7, and a large piercing die 14, lower die-side cutting edges 8e and a flat-face piercing die 8a which are disposed at the forming die 12. A side-face working apparatus 17, including a rotating base 18 and a reciprocating base 19, is disposed at the side of the lower die 8 to conduct side-face press working to a side-face portion 3g of the work W jointly with the lower die 8.

Abstract: A frame rail pulling apparatus for realigning a frame rail of a vehicle is disclosed. The apparatus includes a base, backing plate, side sway adapter, eye hook and fasteners. The base includes a platform with openings therein, cylinder, and side supports which distribute pressure equally from the cylinder to the openings in the platform. The backing plate has openings therein and is positioned adjacent to a first side of the base. The backing plate distributes pulling pressure over a greater area of the frame rail to prevent additional damage to the rail during realignment. The side sway adapter has a center opening and peripheral/end openings and is positioned adjacent to a second side of the base. The eye hook has a top portion and a shaft, wherein the shaft is positioned through the center opening of the side sway adapter and attaches to the base.

Abstract: Apparatus for determining physical properties of micromachined cantilevers used in cantilever-based instruments, including atomic force microscopes, molecular force probe instruments and chemical or biological sensing probes. The properties that may be so determined include optical lever sensitivity, cantilever spring constant and cantilever sample separation. Cantilevers characterized with the method may be used to determine fluid flow rates. The apparatus measures cantilever deflection resulting from drag force as the cantilever is moved through fluid. Unlike other methods for determining such physical properties of cantilevers, the method described does not depend on cantilever contact with a well-defined rigid surface. Consequently, the apparatus may be employed in situations where such contact is undesirable or inconvenient.

Abstract: A gas separation system for extraction of gas from pressurized fluid has a gas sampling interface and gas circulation tubing to pass sampled gas to a gas sensor to determine the character or a property of the gas. The gas sampling interface includes a semi-permeable membrane in the form of tubing having an inner core volume with an internal support that provides multiple supporting surfaces to prevent collapse of the tubing wall against external pressure and provides interstitial spaces for the flow of gas. Internal supports may include a coil of spring-like configuration fitted coaxially within the tubing; or multiple filaments that form a longitudinal bundle within the core of the tubing, or both. An outer tubular conduit surrounding the semi-permeable membrane tubing provides a flow path for the external fluid to increase the rate of diffusion of dissolved gases through the semi-permeable membrane.

Abstract: In certain embodiments, an apparatus includes an oxygen depletion sensor (ODS) includes a thermocouple, a first nozzle configured to direct heat from combustion of a first gas, liquid, or combination thereof to the thermocouple, a second nozzle configured to direct heat from combustion of a second gas, liquid, or combination thereof to the thermocouple, and a first igniter.

Abstract: A sensor for determining a physical property such as the concentration of a gas component or the temperature of a measuring gas, e.g., the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines, has a sensor element which is secured in a housing and is surrounded at an end section on the measuring gas side by a protective tube and surrounded at an end section on the connection side by a protective sleeve, and also has a radially projecting flange for securing the sensor on a sealing seat formed on a measuring gas duct. To reduce manufacturing costs, the flange is molded onto the protective tube as one piece. The protective tube is manufactured as a deep-drawn part, and a trimming edge remaining after deep drawing on the end side is used as a securing flange.

Abstract: An SOF measuring system that can continuously measure SOF and a soot measuring system that can continuously measure soot are connected with an exhaust gas line. The soot measuring system comprises a diluter that selectively dilutes either one of the exhaust gas and standard gas whose hydrocarbon concentration is known with diluent gas and extrudes it. A dilution ratio adjusting device can adjust a dilution ratio of the diluter. A soot detector continuously detects soot in the exhaust gas or the standard gas diluted by the diluter. The SOF measuring system can be connected with the diluter so that an exhaust gas analyzer can measure the hydrocarbon concentration in the standard gas diluted by the diluter.

Abstract: An air-fuel ratio sensor that outputs a sensor signal used for the feedback control of an air-fuel ratio is provided. It is determined whether an element crack is present by applying a reverse voltage to the air-fuel ratio sensor. The value of the sensor signal output from the air-fuel ratio sensor is corrected during a time period “A”. The time period “A” consists of a reverse-voltage application time period in which the reverse voltage is applied, and a return time period “T” after application of the reverse voltage ends. The return time period “T” is set based on sensor impedance correlated with the internal resistance of the air-fuel ratio sensor. The return time period “T” decreases as the sensor impedance decreases.

Abstract: Method comprising providing a signal tube extending generally from an engine component disposed on a hot side of a firewall in a gas turbine engine to at least one engine control mechanism disposed on a cool side of the firewall. A fuse in the signal tube is operable responsive to a breach in the signal tube to change from a first condition to a second condition to prevent an over-temperature situation on the cool side of the firewall. The engine control mechanism operates the engine according to a first operating logic utilizing a pressure signal related to a static pressure of a fluid in the signal tube. Loss of the pressure signal causes the engine control mechanism to change to a second operating logic which does not utilize the pressure signal.

Abstract: A method of engine calibration is provided for use with an engine having a plurality of combustion cylinders and a valve train having individual components dedicated to each of the plurality of combustion cylinders. One or more anomalous cylinders are first identified, among the plurality of combustion cylinders, that are operating at a level above or below a common baseline. Changes are then made to the individual components within the valve train, associated with the one or more anomalous cylinders, to provide the one or more anomalous cylinders with individual components having different operative ratings from their respective initial operative ratings so that the anomalous cylinders operate at or closer to a common baseline.

Abstract: An inspection fixture, including a manifold having an inlet opening and an outlet opening for communicating with a negative pressure source for producing a vacuum within the manifold. A part collet is provided for being positioned in the inlet opening and held in place by a vacuum exerted on a downstream side of the collet. The part collet includes a part holder opening communicating with the manifold for exerting a vacuum on a downstream side of a part positioned in the part holder opening for inspection. The part collet may be quickly and accurately installed in and removed from the manifold by breaking the vacuum on the downstream side of the collet. The part may also be quickly and accurately installed in and removed from the part collet by breaking the vacuum hold on the downstream side of the part.

Abstract: There is provided a method and a apparatus for measuring tire uniformity. The apparatus comprises a spindle, a rotating drum, a sensor and a computing means. The method comprises the steps of mounting a tire on the spindle, pressing a circumferential surface of a rotating drum against the tread surface of the tire with a first pressing force, rotating the tire around rotational axis thereof, and computing the forces which the tire acts on first and second planes of the tire by the computing means while the tire is rotating. The first plane is perpendicular to the rotational axis and in one sidewall side of the tire. The second plane is perpendicular to the rotational axis and in the other sidewall side of the tire. The forces are computed based on values obtained by the sensor measuring forces transmitted to the spindle from the tire at first and second positions. The first and second positions have different distances from the tire in the rotational axis direction.

Abstract: The pressure of a vehicle tire fitted on a vehicle wheel is measured and regulated, utilizing a source of compressed air, a check valve leading to an interior of the tire, and an air feed circuit connecting the air source to the check valve. Compressed air is fed from the air source into the circuit and against the check valve to tend to open the check valve. A pressure drop is imposed at a point in the circuit, wherein a resulting pressure drop in the circuit downstream of such point and upstream of the check valve is less than 10% of the pressure drop at the point. A measurement is made of the pressure in the circuit at a location downstream of the point, or in the tire itself. The evolution of the pressure measured in step D is analyzed as a function of time, to determine whether the check valve has been opened.

Abstract: A method for pneumatic tire simulation comprises the steps of modeling a tire body having a cavity extending in a circumferential direction of the tire using finite elements to build a tire body model, modeling the cavity surrounded by the tire body using finite volumes to build a cavity model, setting a pneumatic tire model coupled the tire body model with the cavity model so that a relative distance between an outer surface of the cavity model and an inner surface of the tire body model does not change, modeling a road using finite elements to build a road model, and executing a numerical simulation in which the tire model is made to roll on the road model in a predetermined condition.

Abstract: Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) based fluid sensors adapted to measure physical properties of oilfield reservoir fluids under downhole conditions. Certain embodiments of the invention may be characterized as a MEMS based reservoir fluid sensor adapted for downhole conditions having a planar member machined from a substrate material, an electrical conductor formed at least partly on the planar member; and a gauge formed on the planar member and adapted to measure a physical effect on the planar member, the physical effect being indicative of a property of a fluid in contact with the planar member.

Abstract: A method for determining coil spring force line range corresponding to specific damper friction values using a universal spring mechanism and using the determined force line range in coil spring design. The method includes securing the mechanism to a suspension system including a damper, providing a controller for controlling actuator legs thereof for exerting force between upper and lower seats of the mechanism, and performing a capability study of the mechanism. The method further includes determining a desired coil spring force line position based upon the capability study, activating the mechanism to generate a desired coil spring force line based upon the desired coil spring force line position, performing damper friction measurements for determining a coil sp ring force line position for minimizing damper friction, determining the coil spring force line range based upon the damper friction measurements, and designing a coil spring based upon the coil spring force line range.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described for sensing force information at a plurality of points on a continuous surface, and detecting contextual information about an object on the surface based on the distribution of force on the surface. For example, a plurality of sensors may be included below different points on such a substantially continuous surface, where the sensors are operable to sense force information. Then, a processor connected to the sensors may determine a location of the object relative to the surface, based on the force information from the sensors.

Abstract: A substrate includes a first surface portion, which covers a heat receiving portion of a radiation member together with a resinous member. The substrate further includes a second surface portion, which is on the outer periphery of the first surface portion. The substrate makes contact with the resinous member via the second surface portion. The first surface portion and the heat receiving portion have a first contact boundary therebetween. The second surface portion and the resinous member have a second contact boundary that surrounds the first contact boundary. The second contact boundary is sealed using a sealing member. The sealing member is restricted from flowing into a boundary between the first contact boundary and the second contact boundary.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for measurement of liquid flow through use of a volumetric mass balance.

Abstract: A method of detecting a consumption status of liquid contained in a liquid container, comprising steps of: preparing a detection device having a piezoelectric element and attaching the detection device on a desired position of the liquid container so that at least a part of the detection device contacting the liquid; measuring a residual vibration of the detection device; and detecting the consumption status of the liquid contained in the liquid container on the basis of a result of the measurement of the residual vibration.

Abstract: A moving member having a plurality of moving electrodes is supported by support members at both ends thereof on a substrate surface in such a way that it can be subjected to displacement in a two-dimensional plane. A plurality of fixed electrodes are arranged to face the plurality of moving electrodes respectively, thus forming different facing areas therebetween when an input acceleration is zero. The facing areas formed between pairs of the electrodes facing each other are varied in response to the displacement of the moving member, whereby a capacitance caused by one pair of the electrodes whose facing area is relatively small is used to detect a relatively small input acceleration, and a capacitance caused by the other pair of the electrodes whose facing area is relatively large is used to detect a relatively large input acceleration.

Abstract: A gyro sensor configured to sense an angular rate about a rotational axis includes a drive mass configured to undergo oscillatory linear motion within a plane, and a sense mass configured to undergo an oscillatory motion out of the plane as a function of the angular rate. A link spring component connects the sense mass to the drive mass such that the sense mass is substantially decoupled from the drive mass with respect to the oscillatory linear motion of the drive mass, but is coupled to the drive mass with respect to the oscillatory motion out of the plane of the sense mass.

Abstract: A ring resonator gyro comprises a cylindrical ring suspension. The cylindrical ring suspension supports a cylindrical ring resonator. The cylindrical ring resonator is coupled with an outer perimeter of the ring suspension.

Abstract: The electrostatically-driven/capacitance-detection type gyro sensor has a sensing element including a movable part, the sensitivity of the sensing element and accordingly the sensitivity of a sensor output signal thereof being kept unchanged by controlling the amplitude of displacement or displacing velocity of the movable part and by using a reference voltage independent of variation of a power supply voltage, even there occurs a change in the vibrating state of the movable part due to temperature change or secular variation.

Abstract: An electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer for coupling-media-free generation and/or reception of ultrasonic waves in the form of linearly polarized transverse waves in and from a workpiece is disclosed, having at least one unit which converts the ultrasonic waves inside the workpiece and which is provided with a coil for generating, and/or detecting a high-frequency magnetic field and premagnetizing unit for generating a quasi-static magnetic field which superimposes the high-frequency magnetic field in the workpiece The coil is disposed in a torus-shape on at least one partially toroidal or U-shaped magnetic core, having two front ends which can be turned to face the workpiece. The front ends of the magnetic core, which can be turned to face the workpiece, are connected directly or indirectly to a magnetic flux piece which has a surface facing the workpiece and connecting the front ends with each other.

Abstract: A porosity reference standard for ultrasonic inspection of composite materials includes a right prism manufactured from a solid isotropic material and a porosity created within the right prism. The porosity reference standard may be a glass block that encloses a plurality of simulated voids created through laser etching. The porosity reference standard may be manufactured by using a sub surface laser engraving process. By creating a porosity within the glass block, the level of the porosity can be exactly determined and is spatially constant over a desired area within the glass block. The laser-etched porosity reference standard is suitable for, but not limited to, ultrasonic porosity inspection of composite laminate parts, such as wings, empennage and fuselage skins, sub-skin structures, frames stringer, and shear ties, used in the aircraft airframe industry, both commercial and defense.

Abstract: A process control system includes a transmitter having transmitter circuitry, a sensor, a remote sensing apparatus, a linkage and a slack take-up device. The sensor senses a process variable of a process fluid. The remote sensing apparatus communicating with the process fluid. The linkage communicates between the transmitter and the process fluid. The slack take-up device selectively adjusts a relative length of the linkage between the transmitter and the remote sensing apparatus.

Abstract: A combined pressure and temperature sensor for recording the pressure and the temperature of a medium. A sensor element of the combined pressure and temperature sensor includes a through-hole to a diaphragm and a bore for accommodating a temperature sensor. The diaphragm cooperates with a pressure sensor. At an end face of the sensor element, on the side of the medium, a cover is fastened, in which a hollow space is developed to accommodate the temperature sensor.

Abstract: A pressure measurement device with protection from long-term loads and pressure shocks. The novel device includes a diaphragm adapted to deform in response to a pressure applied thereto, and a retractable support adapted to support the diaphragm during periods of non-operation. A strain gauge is attached to the diaphragm for measuring the deformation and the retractable support is designed to minimize stress on the strain gauge during periods of non-operation. The support is retracted during periods of operation to allow the diaphragm and strain gauge to function normally in response to the applied pressure. The diaphragm is disposed within a housing to form a first cavity, which is coupled to media to be measured, and a second cavity, which is set at a reference pressure. In an illustrative embodiment, the retractable support is a threaded plug inserted into the second cavity.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to differential pressure transducers. In an embodiment of the invention, a differential pressure transducer includes a transducer housing, a diaphragm, a bellows, and a sensing assembly. The transducer housing, diaphragm, and bellows are coupled to form a pressure chamber. The pressure chamber is separated into two portions by the diaphragm, with each portion arranged to be filled with a process fluid. A pressure differential across the diaphragm causes displacement of the diaphragm. Such displacement is measured by the sensing assembly and used to calculate the pressure differential between the two process fluids.

Abstract: A flow through pressure transducer for use in harsh environments like oil well cement slurry mixing process. A thin cylindrical sensor sleeve is protected from fluid wear and corrosion by a molded elastomeric sleeve provided on its internal diameter that prevents fluid from reaching the sensor sleeve. Pressure is transmitted to the sensor sleeve through the elastomeric sleeve. The sensor sleeve is mounted in such a way that the fluid pressure only exerts hoop stresses on the sensor sleeve. Two dual strain gauges are mounted on the outside of the sensor sleeve in spaced apart relationship for measuring hoop stress and an additional strain gauge is mounted 90 degrees to the stress direction for temperature compensation. The body or spool of the transducer surrounds and protects the sensor sleeve and prevents leakage in the event of sleeve failure. The spool is held in between transducer outer flanges by threaded fasteners.

Abstract: A pressure sensor includes a sensor die coupled to a glass support tube and located within a metallic intermediate sleeve. The glass support tube is bonded or otherwise attached to the metallic intermediate sleeve with solder or other adhesive material. End portions of the glass support tube and the metallic intermediate sleeve are configured to have complementary, contoured surfaces such that at least a portion of an attachment layer located there between is placed in compression during operation of the pressure sensor.

Abstract: A method of forming a strain sensor from a polymeric film includes the steps of selectively irradiating a surface of the polymer with high energy radiation to change the composition of the polymer and increase the electrical conductivity in selected portions of the surface. The radiation can create carbonized particles or metallic particles within the polymer and the changes in interparticle gaps between conducting particles in the polymer will result in strain dependent electrical properties in the treated polymer.

Abstract: Thin metallic films are used as the piezoresistive self-sensing element in microelectromechanical and nanoelectromechanical systems. The specific application to AFM probes is demonstrated.

Abstract: Performance of mass flow controller may be vulnerable to pressure transients in a flow path to which the controller is coupled for the purpose of controlling the fluid flow. A system and method are provided for reducing or eliminate performance degradations, instabilities, and/or inaccuracies of a mass flow controller caused by changes in the pressure environment. In particular, a method and system are provided for compensating for pressure transients in the pressure environment of a flow path and mass flow controller.

Abstract: An electromagnetic flowmeter includes a measuring tube through which a fluid flows, electrodes which detect an electromotive force generated by a magnetic field applied to the fluid. An exciting coil applies, to the fluid, a magnetic field asymmetrical to a plane (PLN) which includes the electrodes and is perpendicular to the axial direction of the measuring tube. A signal conversion unit extracts a ?A/?t component from the resultant electromotive force of the electromotive force. A flow rate output unit removes a variation factor for a span as a coefficient applied to the magnitude of the flow velocity on the basis of the ?A/?t component, and calculates the flow rate of the fluid from the result obtained by removing the variation factor. The exciting coil applies the magnetic fields including the plurality of frequency components to the fluid.

Abstract: An arrangement (10) for the determination of the mass flow and of the gas/liquid ratio in a multiphase mixture during conveying includes—in the conveying direction (9)—a first venturi nozzle (5.1), a pump (1) and, after the pump, a second venturi nozzle (5.2).

Abstract: A system for structural assessment is described that comprises a plurality of sensors and a surface covering for at least a portion of a structure. The sensors are arranged in a pattern and attached to the surface covering. The surface covering is attached to a surface of a structure, and the sensors are configured to provide signals relating to the integrity of the structure to an external device.

Abstract: A capacitive sensor apparatus is disposed between the bottom cushion and frame of a seat. The sensor apparatus includes first and second mutually parallel rigid force translation plates biased apart by a set of springs, first and second conductor plates centrally affixed to inboard faces of the first and second force translation plates, and a control circuit responsive to the gap capacitance between the first and second conductor plates. The force translation plates are joined in a manner to maintain the conductor plates parallel to each other while permitting movement of either force translation plate relative to the other in a mutually perpendicular direction.

Abstract: A feedback-controlled force measuring apparatus with a force input element, a piezoelectric force generating element and a precision motion detection element in a feedback-controlled loop. Two embodiments are described. In one the force-generating element is a supported proof mass to sense linear acceleration, and in the other the force-generating element is a diaphragm supported to sense external pressure. The precision motion detection element employs resistance and inductance of a case-fixed coil of wire modulated by the distance from the coil to an electrically-conductive member connected to a force-generating element. The piezoelectric force generating element may be either a bimorph, or a piezoelectric stack.