Abstract: A display device includes a main display unit for displaying main images by processing main image data in response to main gate signals, a sub display unit for displaying sub images by processing sub image data in response to sub gate signals, a connection part for connecting the main and sub display units, a driver for providing the main image data and the main gate signals to the main display unit and the sub image data and the sub gate signals to the sub display unit, first connection lines disposed between the driver and the sub display unit to transfer the sub gate signals to the sub display unit, second connection lines disposed between the driver and the sub display unit to transfer the sub image data to the sub display unit, and a dummy line disposed between the first connection lines and an image display region of the main display unit.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing, in response to image signals originating in an object space, mixed image signals for providing nonuniform resolution images for stimulating simulated active percepts for passive perception by a viewer in an image space. The images have a highly detailed component which has its image content changed according to changes in the direction of a simulated observer's eye position in an object space. The images may be provided stereoscopically. The images may be provided at various apparent distances and the relationship between accommodation and convergence may be preserved. Audio waves for directionally simulating that which would be heard by the simulated observer may be provided.

Abstract: A display apparatus, which displays a color image by controlling the number of emissions or the intensity thereof in accordance with primary color video signals input thereto, has a detection portion and a white balance correction portion. The detection portion is used to detect the number of emissions or the intensity, and the white balance correction portion is used to correct white balance by adjusting the amplitudes of the primary color video signals in accordance with the detected number of emissions or the detected intensity. Therefore, correct white balance can be maintained regardless of the number of emissions or the intensity of emission.

Abstract: A plasma display panel driving apparatus for applying a voltage to an electrode of the plasma display panel. The apparatus includes a first voltage applying unit to apply a first voltage and a third voltage to the electrode, and a second voltage applying unit to apply a second voltage to the electrode. The second voltage is higher than the first voltage. An energy recovery circuit includes an inductor and an over-voltage clamping preventing unit, which maintains a connection node in a voltage range from the first voltage to the third voltage. The over-voltage clamping preventing unit comprises a second diode coupled with the connection node, a third diode coupled with the connection node, and a fourth switching element coupled with the second diode and a first voltage source that supplies the first voltage.

Abstract: The invention provides an electro-optical device in which a voltage drop due to the wiring resistance of a cathode is reduced and therefore steady image signals are transmitted such that erroneous image display, such as low contrast, is reduced or prevented. The invention also provides an electronic apparatus including such an electro-optical device. An electro-optical device includes red, green, and blue luminescent power-supply lines to apply currents to light-emitting elements arranged in an actual display region in a matrix; and a cathode line disposed between the light-emitting elements and a cathode. The cathode line has a width larger than a width of red, green, and blue luminescent power-supply lines.

Abstract: A method and a circuit for driving light emitting diodes (LEDs) in multiphase are provided. A string of LEDs divided into groups connected to each other in series is provided. Each group is coupled to ground through separate conductive paths. A phase switch is provided in each conductive path. Increasing the input voltage turn on the string of LEDs, group by group in the sequence downstream the string. To reduce power dissipation, the phase switch of an upstream group is turned off when next downstream group is turned on.

Abstract: A Light-Emitting Diode (LED) driver circuit is disclosed that controls the brightness of light generated by a LED that is coupled between a first terminal and a second terminal in response to a user supplied brightness control signal. A constant current source generates a constant current that is supplied to the LED and to a shunt circuit, which his connected in parallel with the LED. A brightness control circuit generates a pulse signal having a duty cycle that is proportional to the brightness control signal, and controls the shunt circuit such that, when said pulse signal is high, the constant current is passed through the shunt circuit and the LED is turned off, and when the pulse signal is low, the constant current is passed through the LED. The duty cycle of the brightness control signal is adjusted to adjust the LED's brightness, while the LED color remains constant.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a pixel electrode to which a video signal is supplied and a counter electrode to which a reference signal is supplied in each pixel. In the display device a positive-side gray scale voltage and a negative-side gray scale voltage are formed. The positive-side gray scale voltage and the negative-side gray scale voltage are formed with respect to the reference signal such that an average value of the positive-side gray scale voltage and the negative-side gray scale voltage is increased along with an increase of the signal amplitude of the video signal in the vicinity of the minimum thereof, the average value is decreased along with the further increase of the signal amplitude of the video signal, and the average value is increased along with an increase of the amplitude of the video signal in the vicinity of the maximum thereof.

Abstract: A LCD panel driving circuit for controlling a LCD panel, the LCD panel comprising display units respectively connected to corresponding data and gate electrodes. The LCD panel driving circuit comprises a data driver, a first gate driver, and a second gate driver. The data driver outputs a video signal to the data electrodes, and determines the video signal polarity according to a polar control signal. The first gate driver is coupled to a first terminal of each gate electrode for output of a pulse signal to the corresponding gate electrodes. The second gate driver is coupled to a second terminal of each gate electrode for output of the pulse signal to the corresponding gate electrodes. The first gate driver and second gate driver determine whether the pulse signal is output according to an external clock signal and an internally shifted signal.

Abstract: In electrophoretic displays, grey values are realized using at least three electrodes for bistable operation.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a matrix display panel including scanning lines and signal lines disposed so as to form pixels each at an intersection of the scanning and signal lines, and a drive circuit for applying a voltage to the scanning and signal lines, the drive circuit generates a signal voltage depending on an image data inputted externally and applies the signal voltage to the signal lines while sequentially applying a selection voltage to the scanning line to effect writing of an image in the display panel. The drive circuit has a correction function of correcting a signal voltage depending on an image data in current image writing, at the time of image writing to the display panel, on the basis of a signal voltage in preceding image writing and an elapsed time from the preceding image writing, thereby to apply the corrected signal voltage to the signal lines.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for securing a pin within a raised display system. A washer surrounds the pin. A washer recess comprises a contact surface configured as to bring the washer into a tilted position relative to the pin, such that the washer is brought into physical communication with the pin. A reset mechanism moves at least a portion of the washer to force the washer into a position substantially level relative to the pin, such that the pin can move freely through the washer. An electromagnet holds the washer in the substantially level position when the electromagnet is activated.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing safe and low-cost force feedback peripherals for consumer applications. A device microprocessor local to an interface device is coupled to the host by a first interface bus. The microprocessor receives host commands from the host computer on the first interface bus, such as an RS-232 interface, and commands an actuator to apply a force to a user object, such as a joystick, in response to host commands. A sensor detects positions of the user object and output signals to the host on a second interface bus, such as a PC game port bus, separate from the first bus. In a “recoil” embodiment, a user initiates force feedback by pressing a button on the joystick, which sends an activation signal to the actuator. In other recoil embodiments, the host computer can transmit one or more enable signals and/or activation signals to the actuator to enable or command forces.

Abstract: An electronic pointing cursor control device such as a trackball or mouse, comprising a first chamber adjoined to a second chamber, the chambers being separated by a fluid-tight wall comprising an optically permeable region; wherein the first chamber contains electronic components including optical detectors directed towards the optically permeable region and a ball protruding through an aperture provided in the second chamber, the detectors being operable in use to detect and generate electronic signals representative of motion of the ball. Also provided is an electronic pointing or cursor control device comprising a ball and optical detectors operable to detect and generate electronic signals representative of motion of the ball, wherein the detectors are mounted such that a radial line from the ball to the detectors forms a non-zero angle with a diametric line though the ball normal to the mounting plane of the device.

Abstract: An information apparatus includes a display unit which displays an icon, a pointer, and the like, and a pointing device. When the pointer executes predetermined movement and stop in an icon-selection effective region formed in a periphery of the icon, the information apparatus determines that the pointer has selected the above-described icon. It is possible to apply a menu item in place of the icon. It is possible to set plural conditions for determining that the icon has been selected. It is possible for an operator to easily select the icon and the like on a small display unit by using the pointing device.

Abstract: In one embodiment of an optical pointing device, an illumination system includes a plurality of light sources. Each light source is characterized by a unique set of illumination characteristics. Illumination characteristics include impinging angle, light wavelength, light homogeneity, and the like. A sensor receives electromagnetic energy originating at the light source to scan an imaged area. The sensor measures performance indexes associated with the light sources, which depend on the illumination characteristics. The sensor includes an imaging module, which may include passive filters, and control logic, which includes at least a DSP module and a light sensor selection module. Another embodiment includes additional signaling light sources that do not interfere with the illumination system and are for signaling to the user. A method to select the most adequate light source for any given surface is based on measured performance indices.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a microprocessor connected to an input keyboard comprising primary conductive lines connected to primary areas and to a terminal. It further includes first, second and third secondary conductive lines connected to secondary areas and to a terminal. It further includes input keys each of which, when operated, establishes contact between a primary area of a primary line and a secondary area of a secondary line to place each of these two lines in a high state.

Abstract: A method, system and computer program product for automatically positioning a computer to an ergonomically correct orientation are presented. An optic sensor at a top of a computer monitor measures a distance and angle to a user's eye. This distance and angle, along with stored anatomical data for a specific user, are used to automatically adjust a base of the computer, thus positioning the computer's keyboard in an ergonomically correct alignment for the specific user.

Abstract: A keyboard type input device has multiple key positions provided as character entry keys. Each key corresponds to one key in the selected row of the conventional QWERTY keyboard. A second set of control buttons provide for the selection of which row of a conventional QWERTY keyboard are represented by the character keys in addition to other functions such as case shift, and alpha-numerical control functions. A selected row is shown on a display, as visual feedback. Alternatively the keys are implemented as LCDs with pressure sensors and the characters of the selected row are displayed directly on the corresponding key positions. The keyboard finds particular use in portable devices as it demands less space than traditional keyboards. The keyboard type input device is implemented with various electronic appliances, including portable phones.

Abstract: A method of controlling a computer system including a remote controller having a plurality of selection buttons and producing different remote signals according to selection of a user, and a system controller controlling the system in response to the remote signal produced by the remote controller. The method includes setting up a mouse function according to the remote signals corresponding to the selection buttons of the remote controller; receiving the remote signals from the remote controller; determining whether the mode of the remote controller is selected for a mouse mode; and changing the received remote signal into a mouse message for performing the preset mouse function and providing the mouse message to the system controller, when it is determined that the remote controller is employed in the mouse mode.

Abstract: A key arrangement includes a plurality of keys that are arranged in a regular grid of rows and columns. The columns include a first column, a last column, and at least one middle column. The keys in the first and last columns are smaller than the keys in the at least one middle column. A method for improving the ergonomics of a key arrangement on a keyboard of a fixed size is provided. A method for designing a key arrangement for a mobile communication device is also provided.

Abstract: A keypad and operation method thereof is provided. In this embodiment, the keypad has pre-established corresponding tables (namely, key-signal tables) specifying key signals corresponding to various input keys on a keypad. A switching control key (i.e. a numeric-lock-key) is provided on the keypad to serve as the control key for switching one of the key-signal tables to another one to be used for retrieving the key signal. Therefore, when an input key (e.g. numeric/character key) is pressed, then a key signal corresponding to the pressed key is obtained directly from the key-signal table, and then is transmitted to the digital device to executing specific action or display. Therefore the problem of numeric locking synchronism between the numeric keypad and the computer keyboard is solved.

Abstract: A driving apparatus of a touch panel includes a touch panel for generating a coordinate signal according to a position of a contact point, at least two interface integrated circuits connected to the touch panel, a computer system driving the touch panel and connected to any one of the at least two interface integrated circuits, a sensor for automatically detecting the interface integrated circuit connected to the computer system, and a controller for converting the coordinate signal in accordance with the interface integrated circuit detected at the sensor and transmitting the converted coordinate signal to the computer system.

Abstract: A touch sensor device is provided that uses a flexible circuit substrate to provide an improved input device. Specifically, the present invention uses a touch sensor controller affixed to the flexible circuit substrate, which is coupled to a sensor component to provide a flexible, reliable and cost effective touch sensor suitable for a wide variety of applications. In one embodiment the touch sensor uses a flexible circuit substrate that provides relatively high temperature resistance. This allows the touch sensor controller to be affixed using reliable techniques, such as various types of soldering. The sensor component can comprise a relatively low-temperature-resistant substrate that can provide a cost effective solution. Taken together, this embodiment of the touch sensor provides reliability and flexibility at relatively low cost.

Abstract: A field linearization pattern and a touch sensor incorporating same are disclosed. The touch sensor includes a polygonal field linearization pattern disposed around a touch sensitive area. The field linearization pattern includes a first side and a second side that intersect at a first corner. The field linearization pattern further includes an inner row and an outer row of discrete conductive segments. The inner row includes a conductive corner segment at the first corner. The conductive corner segment extends along a portion of the first and second sides of the linearization pattern. The touch sensor further includes electronics configured to detect a location of an input touch applied to the touch sensitive area by generating an electrical current in the linearization pattern. A current flowing from the first side to the second side of the linearization pattern is substantially confined within the linearization pattern.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is a display controlling apparatus, comprising: data output units (140) to be electrically connectable to respective display apparatuses; an information inputting unit (110) to be operable to have inputted therein information to be required for said display apparatuses to display on screens; a controlling unit (120) for producing contents to be displayed by said display apparatuses from said information inputted by said information inputting unit; and a video memory (130) having stored therein said contents produced by said controlling unit, wherein said controlling unit (120) is operative to adjust the resolution of each of said contents to be displayed by said display apparatuses on the basis of the number of said display apparatuses electrically connected to said signal outputting units, and to output said contents to be displayed at said adjusted resolution by said display apparatuses through said data output units (140).

Abstract: A method is provided for reducing power consumption in a digital display including an array of pixels. The method includes reducing a switching frequency for driving the array of pixels and dividing the array of pixels into groups of a predefined size. A representative value of the input data for the group of pixels may be obtained using a weighting function and the group of pixels are driven to display the representative value.

Abstract: A data driver and a method of driving the data driver are disclosed. A multiplexer receives data signals from a signal source. A control circuit periodically outputs a plurality of control signals to the multiplexer. When the multiplexer receives the control signals, transistors of the multiplexer are turned on for driving different loads with a data signal at different timings or for driving the same load with different signals at different timings.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes pixels provided at intersections of a plurality of scanning lines and a plurality of data lines, a scanning line driving circuit for applying a selected voltage to the respective scanning lines, and a data line driving circuit for applying a turning-on voltage or a turning-off voltage to the respective data lines.

Abstract: In a display device comprising a cooling suction fan and an air filter arranged on the suction side of the cooling suction fan, there are provided first means for measuring the value of a current flowing through a power supply line to the cooling suction fan for each predetermined time period, and second means for judging that the air filter is clogged when the measured current value is not more than a predetermined reference value, to inform the user that the air filter is clogged.

Abstract: An application on a thin client displays a map. A graphical user interface permits the application to receive single gesture inputs of a stylus. If the single gesture input comprises a drag of the stylus a minimum distance, the map is panned such that the map is shifted to a new center view. The displayed map may contain one or more map objects. If the input comprises a single tap on a specific map object, the map object under the tap may be selected and highlighted. Further, a ToolTip for the map object may be displayed. A further tap of the ToolTip may result in the navigation to a link or URL associated with the map object selected. One or more zoom buttons may also be displayed. If a zoom button is tapped by the user, the map may be displayed in a different level of detail.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for generating a graphical image of at least part of an object provided within a hierarchically divided region of space from a plurality of stored graphical representations, of the differently sized sub-regions of the space is described. The method comprises: determining a viewing distance between the object and a viewpoint from which the object is being viewed; and using the determined viewing distance to select, from the plurality of stored graphical representations, a graphical representation of a sub-region of the space in which at least part of the object resides, the size of the selected sub-region corresponding to the calculated viewing distance and determining the level of detail of the graphical image of at least part of the object to be generated. The method has particular application in the computer games field where creating three-dimensional simulations of the world and objects within it is highly desirable.

Abstract: A mesh generating method for numerical simulation of one (1) piece of an analysis target, in a short time period, where there are plural numbers of high-density configuration data, each presenting a configuration surface thereof said one (1) piece of analysis target, including the performing of a plurality of sub-steps until when none of the plural numbers of configuration mesh data remains, and mesh data for numerical simulation is generated from the final combined low-density configuration mesh data.

Abstract: A method of generating a computer readable model of a geometrical object constructed from a plurality of interconnectable construction elements, wherein each construction element has a number of connection elements for connecting the construction element with another construction element. The method comprises encoding a first and a second one of the construction elements as corresponding data structures, each representing the connection elements of the corresponding construction element, and each of the connection elements having associated with it a predetermined connection type.

Abstract: An image that includes ray traced pixel data and rasterized pixel data is generated. A synergistic processing unit (SPU) uses a rendering algorithm to generate ray traced data for objects that require high-quality image rendering. The ray traced data is fragmented, whereby each fragment includes a ray traced pixel depth value and a ray traced pixel color value. A rasterizer compares ray traced pixel depth values to corresponding rasterized pixel depth values, and overwrites ray traced pixel data with rasterized pixel data when the corresponding rasterized fragment is “closer” to a viewing point, which results in composite data. A display subsystem uses the resultant composite data to generate an image on a user's display.

Abstract: A method of volume rendering two digital images includes providing a volume-rendering computing sub-system, loading a first image volume into a memory of the volume-rendering sub-system, rendering the first image volume, wherein a 2-dimensional image is output into an image buffer and a set of depth values are output into a depth buffer, loading a second image volume into a memory of the volume-rendering sub-system, rendering the second image volume up to the depth values output from the first image volume, wherein values from the rendering of the second image volume are merged with non-zero values of the image buffer, and rendering the remainder of the second image volume to include second image volume points beyond the depth values output from the rendering of the first image volume, wherein values from the rendering of the remainder of the second image volume are merged with non-zero values of the image buffer.

Abstract: A methodology for generating a drop shadow effect for objects in a graphical user interface is presented. A first object in a presentation space occludes the illumination from a simulated light source, and a dynamically determined drop shadow from the first object may partially occlude a second object. A portion of a drop shadow from the first object is shown on the second object; the portion of the drop shadow from the first object is displaced from the first object in direct proportion to a z-depth difference between the first object and the second object. Hence, a drop shadow can be generated in a computationally inexpensive manner, and the dynamically determined drop shadow enhances the perception of depth within the presentation space by a user.

Abstract: Disclosed is a visual communication signal (32) which comprises image model information (10) for generating 3-D images. The image model information (10) may comprise a 3-D image model, e.g. a 3-D wireframe model or a 3-D voxel map. Some of the generated 3-D images may have a relatively low image quality. The visual communication signal (32) further comprises image enhancement information (20) corresponding to at least part of the 3-D images for enhancing the image quality of the generated 3-D images. This image enhancement information (20) may comprise image information corresponding to one or more single viewpoints (22, 24) and/or image information corresponding to one or more ranges of viewpoints (26, 28). The visual communication signal (32) may be transmitted from a transmitter (30) to a receiver (34) in a visual communication system (40) such as a 3-D television system or a 3-D teleconferencing system. Alternatively, the visual communication signal (32) may be carried by a tangible medium, e.g.

Abstract: A method for generating, displaying and manipulating the orientation of three-dimensional vectors on a two-dimensional surface for visualization, statistical analysis and correlation. The method involves collecting vector data, transforming each vector into spherical co-ordinates, then assigning, a unique color related to a position on a spherical color model. A two-dimensional raster image filled with this unique color is centered at the point of measurement for each vector orientation as obtained from calculations or instrumentation capable of measuring this orientation. This methodology offers the user the ability to discriminate the location of specific orientations as well as the ability to define an enhanced full color gamut gradation for a specific range of orientation. This rendering of color-coded vector orientation enables easier understanding by the viewer of large data sets.

Abstract: An information processing system includes a display unit for displaying an image; a drawing unit for drawing a first straight line and a second straight line on the image displayed by the display unit in accordance with an input operation by a user; and a geometrical-value calculating unit for calculating a value indicating a geometrical relationship between the first and second straight lines drawn by the drawing unit.

Abstract: A shader having a cache memory for storing program instructions is described. The cache memory beneficially stores both current programming instructions for a fragment program being run and “look-ahead” programming instructions. The cache memory supports a scheduler that forms program commands that control programmable processing stations. The cache memory can store multiple programming instructions for a plurality of shaders. If the cache memory does not include the desired programming instructions, a miss is asserted and a scheduler (instruction processor) recovers the programming instructions to be run. Beneficially, the scheduler recovers additional programming instructions to support the look-ahead programming. The cache memory stores program instructions by cachelines, where each cacheline comprises a plurality of programming instructions. The cache memory can also store program identifiers.

Abstract: In image processing adapted to a display apparatus using a plurality of line buffers for storing data regarding dots aligned on scanning lines on the screen, when a line having a prescribed width and a prescribed length is drawn on the screen, a line drawing range is calculated with reference to start-point coordinates and end-point coordinates as well as the width of line, thus selecting dots on the screen with reference to coordinates of intersections between the scanning lines and the boundaries of the line drawing range, wherein data regarding the selected dots are written into at least one of the line buffers. In line terminating processing, a virtual circle whose diameter matches the width of the line is imaginarily drawn at one end of the line, so that data regarding dots belonging to the virtual circle are written into at least one of the line buffers.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and systems for interfaces between video applications and display screens that allow applications to intelligently use display resources of their host device without tying themselves too closely to operational particulars of that host. A graphics arbiter provides display environment information to the video applications and accesses the applications' output to efficiently present that output to the display screen, possibly transforming the output or allowing another application to transform it in the process. The graphics arbiter tells applications the estimated time when the next frame will be displayed on the screen. Applications tailor their output to the estimated display time, thus improving output quality while decreasing resource waste by avoiding the production of “extra” frames. The graphics arbiter tells an application when its output is fully or partially occluded so that the application need not expend resources to draw portions of frames that are not visible.

Abstract: A method and system for rendering mixed media at a presentation workstation in response to a mixed media stream, in which the amount of computation is minimized. A tree structure includes nodes, each of which might point to sub-trees, and each of which designates a geometric object, a transformation to be applied to a geometric object, or a time-varying presentation. A scene includes nodes for each element in the scene. Depending from these would be nodes describing aspects of those elements, such as their texture and shape. A root node join the descriptions of each of the objects in the scene. Optimizing the amount of computation includes selecting nodes in the tree and calculating how to render each sub-tree. When possible, rendering information is calculated for only those portions of objects that will ultimately be shown to the user.

Abstract: A pixel shader is operated to perform a first texture lookup in an index buffer to obtain a vertex index value for a geometric primitive to be displayed. The pixel shader is also operated to perform a second texture lookup in a vertex buffer to obtain vertex data, wherein the vertex data corresponds to the previously obtained vertex index value for the geometric primitive to be displayed. The first and second texture lookups are repeated by the pixel shader such that vertex data is obtained for each vertex required to define the geometric primitive to be displayed. The pixel shader is then operated to rasterize the geometric primitive to be displayed, wherein the rasterizing is performed using the vertex data previously obtained by the pixel shader.

Abstract: An image signal processing method for performing nonlinear compensation on an image signal to be fed into a display device (103). The characteristics of nonlinear compensation are changed according to the brightness of a place in which the display device (103) is installed. This method can make the characteristics of brightness of human beings feel linear with respect to an image signal, even when the display luminance of the display device (103) is uniformly increased by the influence of ambient light.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) including an LCD panel and a driving unit is provided. The LCD panel has a red pixel, a green pixel, and a blue pixel. The driving unit is applied for receiving a red data signal, a green data signal, and a blue data signal, and outputting a red voltage signal, a green voltage signal, and a blue voltage signal for driving the red pixel, the green pixel, and the blue pixel respectively. When the red data signal, the green data signal, and the blue data signal all correspond to a specific gray level, the pixel luminance of the blue pixel is lower than the pixel luminance of the red pixel as well as the pixel luminance of the green pixel.

Abstract: A configurable filter module for providing shared filter resource between an overlay engine and a texture mapping engine of a graphics system. The configurable filter may comprise a plurality of linear blend units each of which receives data input from one of the overlay engine and a mapping engine cache, and generates a linear blend filter output respectively; and a filter output multiplexer which receives data output from the linear blend units and selects a proper byte ordering output, wherein the linear blend units serve as an overlay interpolator filter to perform linear blending of the data input from the overlay engine during a linear blend mode, and serve as a texture bilinear filter to perform bilinear filtering of the data input from the mapping engine cache during a bilinear filtering mode.

Abstract: A computer algorithm that is able to convert a parent CGM file, which may include a plurality of disparate methods of defining objects or high-level primitives, with low-level primitives to produce a child or normalized CGM file that includes a normalized or standard way of defining these same objects. The computer algorithm iterates over the information stored in the parent CGM file to find associations in stored vectors to determine whether disparate elements, such as segments or arcs, are used to define more complex objects. It then normalizes the data into the more complex objects to produce a normalized CGM file. Therefore, the child CGM file includes standardized high-level primitives and less overall data complexity.

Abstract: Apparatus, system, and method for clipping graphics primitives are described. In one embodiment, a clipping module includes a mapping unit and a clipping engine that is connected to the mapping unit. The mapping unit is configured to map a graphics primitive onto a canonical representation that is defined with respect to a clipping plane. The clipping engine is configured to clip the graphics primitive with respect to the clipping plane based on the canonical representation.