Abstract: The present invention relates to a heating device for exhaust gas in an internal-combustion engine, which is driven by using LPG, LNG, a volatile oil, a light oil, biodiesel or oxygenated hydrocarbon being DME, the device consisting of a catalyst reactor reformer, an exhaust gas suction section and the second fuel supply device. The exhaust gas suction section is mounted for using oxygen included in the exhaust gas. When the heating device is driven, air and fuels are supplied to the catalyst reactor and the second fuel supply device via a single tube when the heating device is heated. The present invention provides with a heating device for exhaust gas capable of securing the durability of a heating device for exhaust gas and minimizing the amount of air supplied from the outside to the combustion reforming device by excluding carbon depositions in a tube due to a prolysis of LPG, LNG, a volatile oil, a light oil, biodiesel or oxygenated hydrocarbon being DME, and a method for driving the device.

Abstract: An exhaust system for a motor vehicle engine includes mixing vent flaps in the exhaust pipe which open responsive to exhaust temperature. The vent flap forms a portion of the exhaust pipe when closed and is pivotally attached along one edge to the exhaust pipe to open inwardly into the exhaust pipe to constrict and accelerate flow in the pipe to allow outside air to be drawn into the exhaust pipe. A magnetic catch latches the vent flap in its closed position and a magnetic release responsive to increased temperature of the exhaust stream releases the vent flap.

Abstract: An exhaust gas-cooling device for use on an exhaust gas conveyance system of a vehicle to emit exhaust gases from an engine to an outlet includes a pipe defining an exhaust gas passageway that is in fluid communication with the engine, and a diffuser in fluid communication with the exhaust gas passageway. The diffuser is configured for receiving the pipe, and has a body defining an outlet of the exhaust gas passageway to the ambient, and a diffusing structure disposed on the body generally opposite the outlet. The diffusing structure has a separating structure configured for receiving and diverting the flow of exhaust gas emitted from the pipe, and a guiding structure configured for guiding the diverted flow of exhaust gas along the body to the outlet.

Abstract: A rain hat for heavy construction equipment is disclosed, which comprises a plate which corresponds to a shape of an outlet of the exhaust tube; a connection part which is formed at one end of the plate and is extended in a downward direction; and an elastic plate of which one end is connected with the connection part, and the other end is engaged with the exhaust tube, said elastic plate having a certain length, whereby the outlet of the exhaust tube, which is closed by means of the plate, opens as a discharge pressure overcomes an elastic force of the elastic plate when exhaust gas is discharged from the exhaust tube.

Abstract: A pressure-compensating directional control valve, for actuating hydraulic actuators, comprising at least one modular valve body, with one through receptacle for a slidable shuttle, a driving fluid delivery port connected to a pump, a discharge fluid port, a first output opening and a second output opening, connected to the first and second chamber, of a hydraulic actuator, at least one bridge for selective communication, by way of the shuttle, of the delivery port with the first or second chambers of the actuator, for actuation thereof, a unidirectional hydrostat connected to the bridge to draw selectively a pressure signal of the load of the actuator, the signal for adjusting selectively the delivery pressure of the pump so as to keep substantially constant the pressure drop between the delivery port and the actuator in any load condition.

Abstract: What is disclosed is a hydraulic controller arrangement for the pressure medium supply of a hydraulic consumer, e.g., of the rotating gear of a mobile work machine. At low pressure medium flow rates, the pressure medium flow rate draining from the consumer is backed up by means of a drain backup valve having the form of a pressure limiting valve and throttled accordingly, so that a back pressure is generated which is capable of preventing an advance of the mass actuated by the hydraulic consumer.

Abstract: A high efficient stirling engine with excellent thermal efficiency, which can increase the heating temperature of a high temperature section, is obtained by preventing the heat from being lost in a member connecting the high temperature section and a low temperature section. The high temperature section 5 and the member (a regenerator housing 16) connecting the high temperature section and the low temperature section are formed to have a split configuration by using different materials for the each, in which the high temperature section 5 is formed of a heat resistant/high heat conductive material having high heat resistance property and high heat conductivity, the regenerator housing 16 connecting the high temperature section 5 and the low temperature section 7 is formed of a heat resistant/low heat conductive material having low heat conductivity, and the both are bonded integrally to each other to obtain an integral sealed structure.

Abstract: A Stirling engine, wherein the inner yoke of a linear motor is installed on the outer peripheral surface of a cylinder. To keep a proper pressure balance between a compression space on one end side of a displacer and a back pressure space on the outer peripheral side of the cylinder, a first flow passage is formed in the piston starting at the compression space side end face toward the outer peripheral surface and a second flow passage allowing the first flow passage to communicate with the back pressure space is formed in the cylinder. The second flow passage is composed of a through hole that penetrates the wall of the cylinder in a radial direction and a communication passage formed between the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder and the inner peripheral surface of the inner yoke to allow the through hole to communicate with the back pressure space.

Abstract: A split displacer piston assembly (1) in conjunction with a Stirling engine is disclosed. Said assembly comprises of two main parts, displacer dome (8) and displacer base (9). Within the displacer dome there are several heat shields (10). The displacer base has a piston ring assembly (12) installed in an outer perimeter groove and fixed between the displacer base and displacer dome is a displacer guide ring (11). In order to service and or replace these parts rapidly, the displacer dome and displacer base are fastened by threaded engagement.

Abstract: A drive apparatus having: a shape memory alloy having a property such that a temperature transformation sensitivity in a temperature range from a starting point of austenite transformation (As) at a predetermined stress to an end point of austenite (Af) is higher than a temperature transformation sensitivity in other temperature range, and a temperature transformation sensitivity in a temperature range from a starting point of martensite transformation (Ms) at a predetermined stress to an end point of martensite transformation (Mf) is higher than a temperature transformation sensitivity in other temperature range; and a driven member which is moved by a transformation of the shape memory alloy; wherein the driven member is moved in a temperature range of higher temperature transformation sensitivity.

Abstract: A tandem master cylinder (1) with central valves has ball-shaped valve members (25, 40) with leaf springs (26, 41) serving as valve springs. The ball-shaped valve members (25, 40) can be manufactured of a plastic material, coated with an elastomer. The size of the balls is preferably adjusted to the size of the pistons (4, 5) to allow a maximum flow while ensuring at the same time that the piston walls retain a thickness. The leaf springs (26, 41) have a bowl-shaped body (61), which is shaped like a partial sphere. To avoid an entrapment of brake fluid or a vacuum between the balls (25, 40) and the leaf springs (26, 41), respectively, a central hole (62) has been provided in the bowl-shaped body (61). The leaf springs (26, 41) are equipped with a plurality of tongue-shaped extremities (63) extending radially outward with end portions (64) bent toward the axial side on which the valve members (25, 40) are located.

Abstract: A method for controlling a variable-geometry turbine (24) that includes a variable-geometry mechanism that is movable between a fully closed position closing a relatively greater portion of the turbine nozzle and a fully open position closing a relatively smaller portion of the nozzle. The turbine (24) further comprises a waste gate (40) movable between a closed position and an open position in which some of the exhaust gas bypasses the turbine (24). At low engine speeds, turbocharger boost us regulated by regulating the position of the wastegate. At high engine speeds, the variable geometry is fully open and the wastegate is opened again. When at medium engine speeds, the variable geometry mechanism is to be moved from its closed position toward its fully open position, the waste gate (40) is in an open position to cause a proportion of the exhaust gas to bypass the turbine (24) and thereby reduce the pressure of the exhaust gas in the chamber.

Abstract: An exemplary flow path for an electrically assisted turbocharger (220) includes a first opening to an air intake path (114) of an engine (110), the first opening positioned downstream from a compressor (224) of the turbocharger (220); a second opening to an exhaust path (116) of an engine (110), the second opening positioned upstream from the turbine (226) of the turbocharger (220); and a valve (229) controllable by a controller (240, 150, 160) wherein the controller (240, 150, 160) includes control logic for controlling the valve (229) and for controlling an electric motor (228) of the electrically assisted turbocharger (220). Various other exemplary devices, methods, systems, etc., are also disclosed.

Abstract: A compressed working fluid supply system including a power source, a liquefier in communication with the power source and a refrigerant, a circulator in communication with the power source and the refrigerant, and a heat sink is in communication with the refrigerant. The heat sink facilitates a transfer of heat from the working fluid to the refrigerant such that the working fluid becomes a cooled working fluid before or during compression. A compressor is in communication with the power source the cooled working fluid and includes an inlet and an outlet that is in communication with a compressed fluid tank.

Abstract: An external combustion engine provided with a plurality of evaporators and stabilized in output and efficiency, that is, an engine provided with at least one main container, a plurality of evaporators heating the working medium to evaporate, condensers cooling the vapor of the working medium evaporated at the evaporators to make it condense, an output part communicated with the other end of the main container and converting displacement of a liquid part of the working medium occurring due to fluctuations in volume of the working medium accompanying evaporation and condensation of the working medium to mechanical energy for output, a single main container pressure adjusting means adjusting an internal pressure of the main container, and controlling means for controlling the main container pressure adjusting means based on a lowest temperature in the temperatures of the plurality of evaporators constituting a minimum evaporator temperature.

Abstract: An integrated absorption refrigeration and dehumidification system includes an absorber containing an absorption solution, an after-cooler having a flow path to receive the solution and a flow path to receive a warm fluid, the flow paths being thermally coupled to separate a refrigerant from the solution, and an auxiliary heat exchanger having a flow path to receive the solution from the after-cooler and a flow path to receive a warm fluid, the flow paths being thermally coupled to separate more refrigerant from the solution. The system also includes a condenser positioned to receive and cool the refrigerant from the auxiliary heater, an expansion valve positioned to receive the refrigerant from the condenser, an evaporator positioned to receive the refrigerant from the expansion valve and the warm fluid from the after-cooler, and a separator to remove condensate from the warm fluid from the after-cooler or a cool fluid from the evaporator.

Abstract: A floating collar assembly is provided comprising a substantially flat floating collar trapped between a heat shield and a dome panel of the combustor. Axial engagement between the floating collar and the fuel nozzle is maintained via a nozzle cap mounted over the fuel nozzle tip.

Abstract: A dehumidifier system and device for maintaining a dry air environment in enclosures by extracting the water to outside the enclosure. The dehumidifier device comprises a condensation unit, typically a thermoelectric clement with a moisture collector, and a sealed pump, such as peristaltic pump, which pumps the condensed humidity out of the sealed enclosure, yet maintains the enclosure seal. The system is provided with a controller which alternately activates the thermoelectric element and the pump, in at least one mode: continuous, periodical, and programmable utilizing a humidity/relative humidity sensor. Optionally, in large-volume enclosures and containers, a fan assembly is connected to the controller so as to provide for rapid circulation of the air and removal of moisture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a chilled beverage storage device constituted by a cold area and a hot area; the cold area comprises a first structure (2) arranged towards at least one cold generating module (4, 5) and provided with at least one holding arrangement (1) adapted to hold, in direct contact, one or more beverage containers to be kept chilled; one or more reservoirs (7) containing a phase change material in thermal exchange with the cold generating module (4, 5) are arranged around the holding arrangement (1).

Abstract: A method and mechanism for eliminating one of the magnetic circuits in a conventional two motor Stirling cryocooler. The inventive cooler is a Stirling cycle cryogenic cooler with a magnetic circuit for generating a field of magnetic flux in two separate magnetic gaps; a first coil disposed in the flux field of one gap; and a second coil disposed in the flux field of the second gap. The second coil is mounted for independent movement relative to the first coil. In a specific embodiment, the first coil is a compressor coil and the second coil is a displacer coil. The coils are energized with first and second variable sources of electrical energy in response to signals from a controller.

Abstract: A thermal-cycle cryocooler, such as a Stirling-cycle cryocooler, has a single working volume that is utilized by both the compressor and the displacer. The compressor and the displacer have respective movable parts, one of which is surrounded by the other. One of the parts may be a piston, a portion of which moves within a central bore or opening in a cylinder that is the other movable part. The piston may be a component of the compressor and the cylinder may be a component of the displacer, or vice versa. The working volume is located in part in a bore of the cylinder, between the piston and a regenerator that is coupled to the cylinder. Movements of either the piston or the cylinder can directly (i.e. without the use of a gas transfer line or flow passage) cause compression or expansion of the working gas in the working volume.

Abstract: A cryocooler in which two independently moving flexure systems are split across a single magnetic structure, decreasing package size and increasing resistance to cantilevered mass sag due to external forces. A series of concentrically oriented flexure coupling shafts are provided that allow two independently moving flexure assemblies to be split across a single motor. A series of connectors are included on the forward side of the motor that pass through the outer shaft and allow the inner connecting shaft to be mounted to its flexures without interference. A series of close-out connections are included on the aft flexure stacks that makes assembly possible, providing firm mechanical connections without interference.

Abstract: A liquefied gas supply system and method can supply the liquefied gas in a plurality of liquefied gas containers uniformly to supply huge amount of gas constantly. A liquefied gas supply system comprises a plurality of liquefied gas containers 1, a detector 2 installed in each of the containers 1 to detect a volume of liquefied gas contained in each of the containers 1, a heating device 3 installed on each of the container 1 and a control device 7 to process information obtained by each of the detectors 2 and control each of the heating devices 3. The control device 7 controls each of the heating devices 3 based on a value obtained by overall processing of the information obtained by each of the detectors 2.

Abstract: A cluster tool has a transfer chamber, and a load lock chamber. An adaptor is configured to be coupled between the transfer chamber and the load lock chamber. The adaptor has an adaptor housing with an interior space including an entrance with a first valve and an exit with a second valve. The adaptor housing forms a substrate path through the interior space. The first valve connects the interior space and the load lock chamber. The second valve connects the interior space and the transfer chamber. A cryogenic surface is associated with the adaptor. Other pumps can be associated with the adaptor, such as, for example, a turbo pump, or water vapor pump. The cryogenic surface is configured to selectively evacuate the interior space. A wafer is adapted to be moved through the first valve and through the adaptor housing along the path. The wafer is moved through the exit and into the transfer chamber once the second valve is opened. This adaptor can be applied to the process chamber as well as the load lock.

Abstract: An ice making, and delivery apparatus for making and delivering ice to different ones of a plurality of receptacle units is provided, in which ice delivered via a conduit to a diverter valve mechanism, is diverted from alignment with one ice discharge line to another, depending upon sensors in ice receptacles recognizing a level of build-up of ice in any given receptacle, for computer control of a gearmotor for moving the diverter valve from one position to another. Various controls are provided for preventing ice build-up, and for operating the diverter valve during a “dwell” period of ice movement in the conduit, as distinguished from a “push” period of ice movement in the conduit to the diverter valve. A force multiplication technique is employed for moving the diverter valve notwithstanding the presence of ice therein.

Abstract: A method and apparatus facilitate lowering the temperature of a cooling module positioned in heat exchange relation to a loaded container to be maintained at a low temperature. The module establishes convective air flow in heat exchange relation to the load without the use of forced air circulation. The module is self-contained and externally accessible to supply water and liquid CO2 to the module interior. Expansion and change in state of the liquid CO2 lowers the temperature of a water ice and CO2 snow mixture in the module. By continuing inflow of CO2 after terminating inflow of water, the mixture can be cooled from about ?76° F. to about ?117° F. Convective air flow in heat exchange relation to the module walls circulates cooling air, thereby eliminating any direct contact of products with the liquid CO2 or CO2 snow formed by the expanding refrigerant.

Abstract: Method and a system for oil management where a common pressure shield contains all oil management functions for treatment of the mixture of oil and refrigerant leaving the compressor, and returning the oil to the compressor. The pressure shield may comprise at least the following components related to oil management; an oil separator from which oil is flowing to an oil sump, an oil cooler connected to the oil sump, a mixing valve in which the oil from the oil cooler is mixed with oil from the oil sump for achieving an optimised oil temperature, an oil filter for filtering the mixed oil, the mixed oil being returned from the oil filter to the compressor, and where at least the mentioned components can operate at a pressure level substantially equivalent to the discharge pressure at the compressor.

Abstract: A defrosting and chilling compartment that can be incorporated into the fresh food compartment of a refrigerator includes separate and independent pathways for selectively conducting warming or cooling air, respectively, to a holding section in the compartment where an item to be defrosted or chilled is located. Certain of the pathways are used to conduct warming air and certain other pathways are used to conduct cooling air. A heating device is associated with the pathways that conduct warming air, and the pathways that conduct cooling air are associated with a source of cooling air. Separate air-moving devices, such as fans for example, can be provided for the separate pathways. The pathways can include a closure device for selectively and variably opening and closing the pathways.

Abstract: The invention relates to a control unit for a refrigeration or air conditioning device, comprising a main processor that is situated in a housing and that controls the temperature, fan and/or the defrosting process of a refrigeration or air conditioning device. Contact points for a co-processor, which is separate from the main processor and is suitable for controlling an electronic expansion valve, are located in said housing.

Abstract: An air conditioning compressor for air conditioning systems in motor vehicles, wherein the air conditioning compressor at the high pressure output comprises a check valve and a pressure control device, for example a pressure control valve or a bursting disk.

Abstract: An expansion valve includes a valve body 1. The valve body 1 includes a first throttle 5 and a second throttle 6 arranged downstream from the first throttle 5. The second throttle 6 includes an outer surface of the second valve portion 16 and an inner surface of the second valve hole 13. A helical groove or a linear groove is formed in the outer surface of the second valve portion 16 or the inner surface of the second valve hole 13. Further, at least either one of the outer surface of the second valve portion 16 and the inner surface of the second valve hole 13 is tapered toward a distal end of a valve member 4.

Abstract: A vapor compression system includes a variable speed single stage compressor, a heat rejecting heat exchanger, an expansion device, and a heat accepting heat exchanger. The speed of the compressor is varied to control the refrigerant flow rate and match the cooling load requirements of the vapor compression system. A temperature sensor measures an air temperature in the refrigerated container. When the temperature sensor detects that the air temperature is above a threshold temperature, the microcontroller increases the speed of the compressor to increase the refrigerant flow rate and the cooling capacity of the vapor compression system. When the air temperature sensor detects that the air temperature is within a predetermined range from the set point temperature, the microcontroller sends a signal to slightly decrease the speed of the compressor, allowing fine adjustment of the cooling capacity of the vapor compression system to prevent overcooling of the refrigerated container.

Abstract: Cooled air is drawn into a display case (12) from a cooler (18). Products (160) are stacked on shelves (14) in the case. A fan system (50) at the bottom front of the display case draws the air through a return grill (56). The fan system blows the air through a grille and back into the cooler. A deflector (64) is installed between the shelves and a lower case front (58) that houses the fan system. The deflector provides a barrier to prevent stray air that flows from the grille from diffusing upwardly to lower shelves in the case and warming the product on the lower shelves. The deflector also stops the stray air from recirculating back through the fan system.

Abstract: A distribution apparatus, system and method for thermal control whereby a plate of a manifold assembly has predetermined surface features positioned on specific locations on a surface thereof for enhancing the cooling capabilities of the assembly. The predetermined surface features of the plate delay a velocity decay of a fluid impinging the surface of the plate, while also increase the surface area of the plate exposed to the impinging liquid, which in turn, maximize both the reliability and thermal performance of the overall thermal system at a given maximum operating pressure.

Abstract: An ice distribution device for delivering ice to an ice retaining unit is provided, whereby a nozzle of the distribution device is adapted to be rotated in an eccentric rotation when installed at an upper end of an ice retaining unit, such that, when it is rotated about its axis, forces acting inside an eccentrically mounted nozzle will produce both axial and lateral components, with the lateral components of force providing a controlled “wobble”, that will deliver a substantially uniform distribution of ice within the retaining unit. A sensing device, which may be ultrasonic, mechanical or some other means, may be used to sense the level of build-up of ice within a retaining unit, for discontinuing the flow of ice to the distribution device, or diverting it to another ice retaining unit, as may be desired. The distribution and sensing devices are mounted on a top wall of the ice retaining unit and are adapted to accommodate top walls of such units of various thicknesses.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for dispensing a beverage, the beverage comprising a liquid-beverage portion and a frozen-beverage portion. The apparatus comprises means for dispensing into a receptacle the liquid beverage portion, means (102) for freezing a portion of beverage so as to provide the frozen beverage portion and means (104, 104? for dispensing the frozen-beverage portion into the receptacle. The present apparatus also provides a method for dispensing a frozen beverage portion by providing one or more cooling chambers (102) cooled by cooling means, supplying at least one of the cooling chambers with a portion of beverage, freezing the portion of beverage to provide at least one beverage frozen-beverage portion and ejecting one frozen beverage portion from its cooling chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to an ice-cream maker comprising a blade (30a) arranged in a double-walled container (20a), and a housing (1) containing a driving mechanism (10) that can generate a blade-rotating movement (30a) in relation to the double-walled container (20a), the double-walled container (20a) comprising an external wall (23) and an internal wall (24) defining a housing (25) containing a phase changing mixture having a fusion range extending at least partially below 0° C. The inner wall (24) forms a tub (26), and the blade (301a; 30b?) is used to scrape the inner wall (24; 24?). According to the invention, the blade (30a) forms a spoon.

Abstract: A beverage dispenser provides numerous inventive features in its refrigeration system, diluent delivery system, concentrate delivery system, mixing and dispensing system, and control system. The refrigeration system employs a plate heat exchanger to provide on demand refrigeration of an intermittent water flow. The diluent delivery system includes a flowmeter/solenoid/check-valve assembly. The concentrate delivery system employs a positive displacement pump. The mixing and dispensing system includes a mixing nozzle that has a locking feature such that an elevated blocking surface directly faces the inlet of pressurized diluent to create turbulence. The control system receives package-specific information from a scanner and diluent flow rate information from the flowmeter, and then determines the pump speed in order to set a desired mix ratio.

Abstract: To improve the heat transfer performance of a heat exchanger and achieve an air conditioner having high energy efficiency. The heat exchanger 15 includes a plurality of fins 1 that is arranged in parallel with each other with a predetermined spacing along the rotational axis direction of a blower 5; heat exchanger tubes 2 that are substantially perpendicularly inserted into the fins 1 so as to form a plurality of rows along the longitudinal direction of the fins 1 connected to each other along the airflow direction, to thereby form refrigerant channels; and a branch portion that is provided to connection portions of the heat exchanger tubes 2, and that partially increases or decrease the number of paths in the refrigerant channels.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a cooling system with an integrated condenser, the cooling system containing at least one compressor which via a pressure outlet may conduct a first coolant through a line to at least one condenser, from where the first coolant flows through at least one expansion valve to at least one evaporator, from where the first coolant is sucked back to the compressor via the suction line of the compressor, where the condenser and the evaporator may both be constructed as closed containers, the containers each containing at least one heat exchanger, where a second coolant flows through the heat exchanger of the evaporator, and where a cooling medium flows through the heat exchanger of the condenser, the cooling medium exchanging heat with the surroundings. It is the object of the invention to indicate an efficient and compact cooling system that forms an assembled unit containing all cooling functions in order to interact with a cooling installation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a coolant collector (1) comprising a filter/dryer unit (10) and an elongate, vertically oriented interior space which is subdivided into an upper area (38) and a lower area (39) by means of the filter/dryer unit (10). A flowing coolant is delivered to the filter/dryer unit (10) via a pipe (7). The outlet windows of the filter/dryer unit (10) are located on the outer circumference thereof which delimits a relatively narrow gap along with the wall (3) of the receptacle (2) of the coolant collector (1). Liquid components drip downwards and accumulate below the filter/dryer unit while gaseous components accumulate primarily above the filter/dryer unit (10).

Abstract: In order that an indoor heat exchanger (41), a cold storage heat exchanger (45), and a freeze storage heat exchanger (51) may differ in their refrigerant evaporating temperature, a refrigerant circuit (1E) is provided with a suction side three way switching valve (102) capable of switching of flow paths between the heat exchangers (41, 45, 51) and a compressor (2).

Abstract: An air-conditioning system is described which comprises at least one heat exchanger for exchanging heat between external air and a corresponding intermediate fluid, at least one heat exchanger for exchanging heat between air within the passenger compartment and a corresponding intermediate fluid, and an enbloc assembly wherein at least a condenser for a coolant, an evaporator of the coolant, and an internal heat exchanger are integrated. The internal heat exchanger is designed to enable heat exchange between the coolant coming out from the evaporator and coolant coming out from the condenser. The enbloc assembly is housed inside the engine compartment, along with a compressor for the coolant.

Abstract: A heat exchanger module includes a condenser for condensing a refrigerant, a modulator, a sub-cooler for cooling liquid refrigerant supplied from the modulator, and a heat exchanger for cooling a fluid different from the refrigerant. The condenser, the sub-cooler and the heat exchanger are arranged in an arrangement direction substantially perpendicular to an air flow direction. Further, the modulator is disposed to extend in the arrangement direction. In the heat exchanger module, the modulator has a dimension that is larger than the sum of a dimension of the condenser and a dimension of the sub-cooler, and is not larger than the sum of the dimension of the condenser, the dimension of the sub-cooler and a dimension of the heat exchanger, in the arrangement direction. Accordingly, a capacity of the modulator can be effectively increased without increasing a largest outer side of the heat exchanger module.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the recovery of heavier hydrocarbons from a liquefied natural gas (LNG) stream is disclosed. The LNG feed stream is heated to vaporize at least part of it, then supplied to a fractionation column at a mid-column feed position. A vapor distillation stream is withdrawn from the fractionation column below the mid-column feed position and directed in heat exchange relation with the LNG feed stream, cooling the vapor distillation stream as it supplies at least part of the heating of the LNG feed stream. The vapor distillation stream is cooled sufficiently to condense at least a part of it, forming a condensed stream. At least a portion of the condensed stream is directed to the fractionation column as its top feed. The quantities and temperatures of the feeds to the column are effective to maintain the column overhead temperature at a temperature whereby the major portion of the desired components is recovered in the bottom liquid product from the column.

Abstract: A replaceable device or plate is provided, which can be inserted into an earring base. The devices or plates can be configured to substantially span an opening of an earring base while they are securely and removably attached to the earring base. The earring base may comprised of a substantially closed curve substantially surrounding a substantially central opening. The first device may include a designation, such as a letter, word or phrase, and a logo or symbol. The substantially closed curve may be substantially circular.

Abstract: Animal or human tissue is digested to extract carbon-containing gases. The digestion process can include hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis. The step of denitrification can be added if too much nitrogen is produced during digestion. Digestion can also include enzymes that break down the tissue in preparation for methanogenesis. The carbon-containing gas can be added onto or be incorporated throughout a natural or synthetic diamond or other gemstone. The carbon-containing gas can be added during hydrothermal synthesis to create a gemstone with the carbon-containing gas incorporated throughout.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for the production of high-melting glass materials or high-melting glass ceramic materials by a process during which a temperature of a molten mass exceeds 1,760° C., wherein a shard material or raw material is molten to a molten mass, the molten mass is fined, and the molten mass emerges via a tubular outlet made of iridium or an iridium alloy having an iridium content of at least 50 wt.-%. According to the invention the temperature of a section of said tubular outlet, which is in contact with the ambient atmosphere having a natural gas composition, is controlled or regulated such that said temperature is held below 1,000° C. except during pouring out the molten mass out of said tubular outlet. Thus, an oxidative decomposition of the apparatus can be prevented.

Abstract: A method of making a composite sintered silicon nitride/silicon carbide body, including mixing a predetermined amount of silicon nitride powder with a predetermined amount of silicon carbide powder, heat-treating the resultant mixed powder at a temperature of between about 800 and 1500 degrees Celsius in a substantially nitrogen sintering atmosphere, and producing a thin film of silica around individual silicon nitride and silicon carbide grains. The thin film of silica is useful in retarding the diffusion of oxygen to the silicon nitride particles, slowing their oxidation. The pressure of the sintering atmosphere is not substantially greater than atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming a glass sheet with reduced zircon inclusions in the glass sheet is disclosed. In one embodiment, the apparatus comprises heating elements distributed vertically between the weirs of a forming wedge and the root of the forming wedge, and wherein a thermal barrier is disposed between adjacent heating elements. A method of using the apparatus is also disclosed.