Abstract: A fluid treatment device includes at least one treatment module (“pod”) releasably connected to a head unit, the pod and head unit each including riser tubes which may be connected to adjacent riser to form a flow passage through the fluid treatment device. A connection mechanism allows a control valve to be rotatably connected to a fluid treatment device so that it may be oriented as desired.

Abstract: An inlet filter for use with stormwater drains and roof drains. The filter is formed of a mat of natural or synthetic fiber material with netting bonded on one side. A convenient method for attaching the filter to a drain using cable ties or adhesive is provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a centrifuge for the cleaning of a liquid, in particular a lubricant oil of an internal combustion engine. Said centrifuge comprises a housing, at least one bearing element on the housing side and a rotor which is rotatably mounted thereon. The rotor is composed of at least two parts, an inner part for accommodating the bearing and a part for retaining impurities in an impurity collection zone, wherein said part may be detached from the inner part for maintenance of the centrifuge. The centrifuge is characterized in that the/each bearing element is an element composed of a first bearing material and comprises one or more first smooth bearing surfaces. The inner part, embodied as a single piece, is made of a second bearing material and provided with one or more second smooth bearing surfaces. First and second bearing surfaces cooperate directly among each other, and the first and second bearing materials form a pair of smooth bearing materials.

Abstract: An apparatus for purifying polluted water is disclosed, which can naturally remove polluted water stagnated in a treatment tank. The apparatus includes a treatment tank and an infiltration tank. The treatment tank has an inlet at its one side, and first and second outlets at its other side. The treatment tank treats the polluted water that flows through the inlet and discharges the treated polluted water through the first outlet. The infiltration tank is connected to the second outlet and has a plurality of infiltration holes formed on the body thereof. The infiltration tank allows the treated polluted water that flows from the second outlet of the treatment tank to permeate into the ground though the plurality of infiltration holes. Since the polluted water stagnated in the treatment tank can be naturally released, odor due to decay of the polluted water and a subsequent insect infestation can be prevented. In addition, maintenance fees to maintain to the treatment tank can be reduced.

Abstract: A chemical feeder for dissolving chemical tablets includes a housing and a plurality of tapered pedestals positioned in the housing for supporting the chemical tablet as the tablet is dissolved by liquid flowing through the feeder. The housing also includes a cup configured to receive a cartridge for holding the tablet; the cup includes inlet and outlet ports for the liquid. The cartridge includes a plate at its lower end; the pedestals are formed on its interior surface. Each pedestal may have a pencil-point shape. When the chemical tablet is installed in the cartridge and the cartridge is installed in the cup, the tapered pedestals support the chemical tablet and thereby expose an underside of the tablet to the liquid. The tablet is immersed in the liquid according to the height of the pedestal; the dissolution rate of the tablet thus corresponds to the height of the pedestals.

Abstract: A wastewater treatment system according to various embodiments of the present invention includes one or more of a settling tank for receiving wastewater; a mineral removal system receiving water from the settling tank, the mineral removal system being for removing at least some of the minerals from the water; and a vaporization system receiving water from the mineral removal system, the vaporization system being for vaporizing the water.

Abstract: A method for removing contaminants from a process stream that includes the use of reticulated material to filter the process stream in a vessel located upstream of a process unit. The reticulated material can be used with other conventional filter media within the vessel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a porous monolith support (50) for a filtration element, having a tubular shape and an essentially-constant cross-section along the axis thereof (X-X). The inventive support comprises a plurality of channels (62, 64), the surfaces of which are intended to be covered with filtration membranes. According to the invention, the cross-sections of the channels are distributed inside the cross-section of the support and said channels (62, 64) are only separated from the periphery of the support by a single lateral wall (56) of the support. Moreover, all of the channels of the support are distributed as follows: in a first group of oblong radial channels (62) which are disposed such that the length thereof extends in an essentially-radial manner, and in a second group of oblong lateral channels (64) which are positioned between the radial channels (62) and which are disposed such that the length thereof extends essentially parallel to the periphery of the support.

Abstract: A method of reducing if not eliminating the possibility of tearing or ripping of a mesh screen of a filter during the manufacturing process includes the step of intentionally deforming the mesh screen. With this technique, as the plastic material that forms the frame of the filter begins to expand or change shape, as a result of the heating and squeezing steps involved with the molding process, the deformed mesh screen will be able to accommodate the relative changes in shape without tearing or ripping of the mesh screen. With the invention, numerous shapes and configurations of tools may be used to provide the intentional deformation of the mesh screen during the manufacturing process as well as to provide for control over the amount and degree of mesh screen deformation. Also, the resulting filter will have a mesh screen that has improved retention capabilities which will enhance the performance of the filter.

Abstract: An atmospheric bioremediation system and method uses preformed gel-like agar sheets or equivalent biological growth medium, composed to selectively enhance the growth of microalgae in defined environmental conditions. Agar is heated and liquefied and soluble iron is added to the agar in predetermined proportions. The agar solution is also modified for salinity concentration and ph in order to conform to the levels found in the marine environment to which the agar sheets are to be introduced. This is done in order to provide a slow-time release of the iron to prevent premature precipitation. Also, the osmotic variance needs to be equalized by salinity concentration and ph adjustment to prevent premature osmotic migration of the iron molecules when in gel form. Once formed, the gel sheets are transported to defined bodies of water, e.g.

Abstract: An apparatus for the biological treatment of saltwater-based domestic wastewater, the apparatus having an inlet for the introduction of the saltwater-based domestic wastewater, an outlet for the removal of treated wastewater, means for monitoring the salinity level of the saltwater-based domestic wastewater entering or within the apparatus and means for controlling the salinity level of the saltwater-based domestic wastewater entering or within the apparatus such that fluctuations in the salinity level of the saltwater-based domestic wastewater are reduced and the biological treatment of the saltwater-based domestic wastewater is thereby maintained.

Abstract: A wastewater treatment system for treating wastewater by processes which include aeration. The system includes an influent conduit for delivery of wastewater to be processed and a treatment tank for processing of the wastewater. Also included is an air conduit for providing compressed air for aeration of the wastewater and a particle size regulation device disposed between the conduit and the tank, wherein the particle size regulation device regulates a size of particles present in the wastewater to provide particle size regulated wastewater. The system also includes at least one aeration jet having a nozzle diameter sized to allow the particle size regulated wastewater to pass through the nozzle.

Abstract: A method of slurrifying oil contaminated materials by introducing a microemulsion or microemulsion-forming surfactant(s) to the material and subjecting the mixture to suitable shear or mixing forces to suitably blend such mixtures. The method may be applied directly to wastes such as waste drill mud cuttings and muds, emulsions, sludges, or soil substrates contaminated with water and/or oil drilling fluids in order to both reduce the viscosity and improve the lubricity, wetting, and flow properties of the substrate.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions derived from brown-rot fungi that are suitable for use in bioremediation and similar applications where it is desirable to transform a target compound, often a toxic organic compound, into a different compound or compounds having more acceptable properties. The compositions are suitable for treating aqueous solutions or suspensions to reduce the amount of an undesired organic compound present, usually as one step in a treatment process to render the solution or suspension more suitable for environmental release. The invention also provides improved methods for growing fungal cultures for production of culture fluids.

Abstract: Reverse osmosis (RO) systems having efficiency enhancing features are disclosed. Included are RO systems having a RO module and a pumping system. A feed fluid line can introduce feed fluid into the pumping system, and the pumping system can increase the pressure of the feed and pass the pressurized feed to the RO module. Such RO systems can also have a recycle stream leading from a concentrate side of the RO module to the pumping system and a purified stream leading from a purified side of the RO module. In some cases, the pumping system can boost the pressure of both the feed fluid and the recycle stream, and the boosted fluids can be fed into the RO module. The pumping system can have first and second pumping chambers for the feed fluid and the recycled concentrate. These pumping chambers can be separate pumps, or they can be referred to as a single pumping system, for example a double-acting simplex plunger pump.

Abstract: Water permeable membranes and methods of forming water permeable membranes are provided. The water permeable membranes are comprised of a cross-linked polyamide containing at least one bifunctional additive that is hydrophilic and reactive. Additionally, in accordance with other embodiments of this invention, methods of forming water permeable membranes comprised of a cross-linked polyamide containing at least one bifunctional additive that is hydrophilic and reactive are provided. Specifically, the water permeable membranes may comprise a membrane formed from a cross-linked aromatic or aromatic/aliphatic polyamide interfacially polymerized on a porous support. The presence of the at least one hydrophilic and reactive additive improves the flux and salt retention properties of the membrane in comparison to a membrane formed without the at least one hydrophilic and reactive additive.

Abstract: Solutions, dialysates, and methods for measuring solutes in blood and/or for treating blood. In one aspect of the invention, a method of performing dialysis includes placing a solution in communication with blood of a subject, where a concentration of at least one electrically conductive solute in the solution, prior to being placed in communication with the blood of the subject, is substantially equal to a concentration of the at least one electrically conductive solute in the blood of the subject.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for filtering a fluid is presented. In one embodiment, the apparatus converts contaminated water into water having a lower turbidity and bacterial contamination level than the contaminated water.

Abstract: A method for removing helminth egg and other suspended solids from a wastewater stream includes directing the wastewater to a ballasted flocculation system and adding a coagulation agent, flocculation agent and a ballast into the wastewater. Sludge is settled from the wastewater in a settling tank at a rate of at least 10 meters per hour. The method further includes removing helminth egg by filtering the effluent through a fine screen having a mesh diameter of approximately 5 micrometers to approximately 25 micrometers. After passing through the fine screen, the filtered effluent has less than one helminth egg per liter.

Abstract: The liquid treatment apparatus includes a raw water tank 1 in which a first magnetic-force nanobubble generator 51 is provided, and a treatment water tank 62 in which a second magnetic-force nanobubble generator 52 is provided. The first magnetic-force nanobubble generator 51 has a magnetic water activator 12, a microbubble generation section 8, a first gas shearing section 6, and a second gas shearing section 4. The second magnetic-force nanobubble generator 52 has a magnetic water activator 48, a microbubble generation section 46, a first gas shearing section 43, and a second gas shearing section 41. In the raw water tank 1 and the treatment water tank 62, magnetic-force nanobubble flows 3, 40 which are nanobubbles generated in water subjected to action of magnetic force by the magnetic water activators 12, 48 are generated.

Abstract: Provided is a method for removing a liquid, in particular a supernatant, from a container with a sample, by creating an opening in a container with a sample consisting of solid constituents and a liquid, and subsequently centrifuging the container so as to cause the liquid to flow out of the container through the created opening. Also provided is a device for making a container suitable for use in the method.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the preparation of cross-linked enzyme aggregates, which method is characterised by the following steps: i. generating aldehyde groups on enzyme molecules that may or may not be dissolved in a suitable solvent; ii. precipitating the enzyme molecules using a suitable precipitation agent; iii. cross-linking the precipitated enzyme molecules provided with aldehyde groups, using an amine composition, yielding cross-linked enzyme aggregates with improved properties.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are disclosed to purify wastewater of many different compositions by controlling the pH and the flocking of the particulate matter in the water and by gently dewatering the flock produced in the process.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for a system and method that intensely oxidizes water as it navigates through a system and accurately, controllably neutralizes the oxidation by-products before the water exits the system.

Abstract: A container for releasing a microbiocide component into a liquid composition susceptible to unwanted microbial growth (LCMG) includes a LCMG-impermeable casing separate and apart from an internal combustion engine housing, and having a hollow interior and at least one opening. A microbiocide component, for example, at least one LCMG-soluble microbiocide, is located in the hollow interior. At least one LCMG-permeable element is provided at or near an opening in the casing and is effective to provide for release of microbiocide component into the LCMG. Methods of releasing microbiocide component into LCMGs are also provided.

Abstract: Apparatus for the separation of scum from a liquid including a housing (22) incorporating two side walls in spaced relationship and a scraper wall disposed between said side walls. A rotational device (12) mounted in the housing (22) provides rotational motion about one or more horizontal axes. The rotational device (12) includes one or more paddles (13-16) which extend outwardly with respect to the rotation axis forming a substantial sealing engagement with the opposed inner faces of the side walls of the housing. The scraper wall and rotational device are arranged such that when immersed in water, the paddle(s) (13-16) may be rotated to become at least partly submerged and the outer periphery(ies) engage with the scraper wall to lift a portion of the water and scum above the natural level of the water.

Abstract: A filter system and associated methods of filtering utilize a combination of ultrasonically enhanced backwashing and a modified filter media configurations for increasing the specific loading on a portion of the filter media, thereby tending to increase the total particulate holding capacity of the improved filter. Depending on factors such as the filter configuration, the particulate size distribution and the differential pressure that can be maintained across the filter, it is expected that the particulate holding capacity can be more than doubled relative to a conventional filter having similarly configured filter media.

Abstract: A fluid processing apparatus and method are provided for filtering a fluid from a source and delivering a filtrate derived therefrom to a first destination, and delivering a decantate derived therefrom to a second destination. The fluid separation and delivery apparatus for the method comprises a filter device having an inlet port for connecting to a fluid source, a first outlet port for directing filtrate to a first destination, and a second outlet port for directing decantate to a second destination.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are modular filter assemblies having a plurality of stacked filter plates formed from a porous material. The filter plate can comprise a planar base portion from which a convoluted ridge wall, having a ridge outer side surface, a ridge inner surface, and a top ridge surface extends. A plurality of fluid inlet troughs and a plurality if fluid outlet troughs are defined by the ridge wall. Adjoining filter plates form a plurality of fluid inlet cavities defined by the fluid inlet trough of one filter plate and a portion of the bottom surface of the adjoining filter plate; and a plurality of fluid outlet cavities defined by the fluid outlet trough of the one filter plate and a portion of the bottom surface of the adjoining filter plate. In use, the plurality of fluid inlet cavities are in filtered communication with the plurality of fluid outlet cavities.

Abstract: A wheel storage rack for storing wheels when not in use includes a vertically extending central post with arms extending from the central post. The arms support receivers for attaching wheel mounts. Each wheel mount is removably attachable to a wheel. The wheel mount has a hub for attaching to the inside surface of a wheel. A lug bolt passes through a lug hole in the wheel to secure the wheel to the hub, and a mounting post extends from the wheel mount in a direction opposite the hub. The mounting post is inserted into the receiver to mount the wheel to the storage rack.

Abstract: An apparatus; banner or plaque that is designed for holding and displaying Sports Caps, Photographs, Awards or other collectibles on a vertical plane. The apparatus includes tabs on top at either side to secure apparatus to a vertical plane. The soft display frame is produced by a transparent material in shape and size desired, that has been edged with a flexible material and permanently secured by the edges to the base of banner on 3(three) sides. This opening allows entry for items desired to be inserted securely. An attachment mechanism for the cap is a single strap, which is secured at both sides to base. Strap is connected at such points; as to allow the remainder of the strap to fall loosely to form a U shape. To secure the cap it is needed to fold the cap in half, from back to front; so that the back of the cap is nestling within the front of the cap and brim, and inserting the cap between base of banner and strap.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for distributing at least one displaying accessory on a goods display surface, such as a shelf surface, cabinet or the similar. The displaying accessory can be a separating partition or a goods display cabinet formed of a carriage sliding on a tracking path. The device includes at least one first guide fixable to the proximal part of the display surface and extendable over the surface, generally along the longitudinal axis thereof. The first guide interacts with a clamp of the displaying accessory for fixing the accessory to the display surface. The device also includes a holder provided at the level of the first guide and, in the first release position, the holder enables at least one displaying accessory to be moved or even to be released. In a second position, the holder strongly fixes at least one displaying accessory to the first guide.

Abstract: A merchandise display system including a hanger having retention elements configured to operatively connect to paired merchandise items. The retention elements may include tabs configured to retain the merchandise items in a desired position. The hanger will typically include a number of holes to facilitate placement in a retail display area. Various elements may be utilized in conjunction with the hanger to maintain desired orientation and position of the paired merchandise items, including securing devices and fasteners. The merchandise display system advantageously permits the wearing of paired merchandise items while maintaining security and pair integrity.

Abstract: A seismic shelf restraint for use with a shelf structure of a type having a shelf and two front columns on opposite sides of the front ledge of the shelf with each front column having a mounting slot positioned higher than the shelf surface and facing the same direction as the other mounting slot. The seismic shelf restraint preferably is an elongated thin flat bar with two tabs, one at each end, which are seatable in the mounting slots of the two front columns so that the rigid body is wholly positioned alongside the front ledge, for restraining objects from falling from the front ledge.

Abstract: A wall mountable hook for storing safety razors in bath and shower enclosures and the like has a base with front and rear faces. A razor support is affixed to the front face and is positioned proximate to a periphery of the base. The razor support extends away from the front face to permit engagement with a portion of the safety razor to be hung therefrom. The razor support in combination with the base define therebetween a bottom void for permitting drainage of water from a razor supported by the razor support.

Abstract: A storage system is provided including fixed and mobile frames disposed in modules forming the storage system. Each module also includes one or more mounting rails formed with engagement structures that can be utilized to attach storage bins and slat wall pegs, among other structures, to the rails in order to hold various items within the bins and rails in various configurations on the rails. The rails and other supporting structures such as shelves and work surfaces can also be secured to the frames, optionally in inclined configurations with respect to the frames. The frame structures and storage modules are readily conformable to accommodate different environments and uses for the storage system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a bottle with a peripheral chamber. The bottle comprises a bottle body, a wall of the bottle body curving inwards thus creating a chamber therein, and a cover of the chamber. The cover can be opened or closed by using a concave depression on the bottle body. The bottle further comprises a container of the chamber so that the chamber can hold a second object in addition to a first object in the bottle body. The bottle is capable of carrying different objects simultaneously. Since the chamber is formed directly from the bottle body, the present invention is simple in structure, easy to manufacture, and low in cost.

Abstract: A package is provided including a container and a cap attached thereto. The container has an open and a closed end, the former having a dispensing opening surrounded by a shoulder. A pair of first buttresses are molded into the shoulder arranged along a cross-sectional major axis bisecting the opening. A pair of second buttresses are also molded into the shoulder and arranged along a minor axis bisecting the opening. Each of the buttresses have an upper edge tapering downwardly away from the opening. Upper edges of the second buttresses have a steeper taper angle than those of the first buttresses. The cap includes a lid hingedly connected to an edge of a fitment, the latter having a platform surrounded by a skirt wall and a product exit orifice formed in the platform. On a lower surface of the platform are four legs surrounding the orifice, projecting downwardly with each leg being asymmetrically shaped and lockingly fitted between first and second adjacent buttresses.

Abstract: There is described a method of producing plastic tops (1) for sealed containers of pourable food products; the method starts with a plastic sheet material having a layer of gas-barrier material, and includes the steps of forming a contoured body (11) having an annular base portion (2, 12), and a neck portion (3, 13), which projects from the base portion (2, 12), defines, with the base portion, a pour opening (5) of the container, and is closed, on the opposite side to the base portion (2, 12), by a disk-shaped member (15); applying a cap (8) to the neck portion (3, 13); making a cut (16) along the periphery of the disk-shaped member (15) and on the side facing the pour opening (5); and joining the disk-shaped member (15), by adhesion, to a portion (10) of the cap (8) superimposed on the disk-shaped member, so that the disk-shaped member (15) defines a layer of gas-barrier material of the cap (8).

Abstract: A fully functioning bottle includes a tubular neck portion with an opening closed by a crown cap, a tubular base portion, and a tubular transition portion connecting the neck portion to the base portion. The bottle includes a seamless outer surface having a channel positioned along the length of the bottle body. The surface is also deformed to provide a lip, which projects above the channel to form the opener. The channel has sufficient depth to receive a crown cap positioned at the end of a second container body. The cap frictionally engages the lip, so that cap is removed from second container body when the body is rotated about the capped end.

Abstract: A collapsible handgrip includes a center section and a plurality of elongated members projecting from the center section. Each of the elongated members has a first edge and a second edge opposite the first edge. Moreover, each of the elongated members is pivotable relative to the center section between a first position, in which it extends from the center section in a first direction, and a second position, in which it extends from the center section in a second direction, the first direction being generally opposite to the second direction. Each of the first edges of the elongated members is in a substantially aligned and abutting relationship relative to the second edge of an adjacent one of the elongated members when the elongated members are pivoted to their first positions so as to form a handgrip surface which extends substantially continuously across the elongated members.

Abstract: Non-removable finish and closure finish system that resists rotational movement so as to be rendered substantially non-removable by the consumer. The closure and finish have complementary thread segments with ratchet-type engaging portions or lugs extending below thread segments on the finish and closure, the closure lugs being disposed on an inner skirt spaced radially inwardly from an outer skirt to inhibit access to the interlocking lugs.

Abstract: A method of making a hydrophobic, disordered composite material having protrusive surface features includes the following steps: making a disordered composite body comprised of a recessive phase and a protrusive phase, the recessive phase having a higher susceptibility to a preselected etchant than the protrusive phase; treating a surface of the composite body with the preselected etchant so that the protrusive phase protrudes from the surface to form a plurality of protrusive surface features and the recessive phase defines a recessive surface between the surface features; and applying a hydrophobic coating to the protrusive surface features.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an interposer is provided, including the steps of providing a sheet with a copper layer and polyimide layer, laser drilling holes in the polyimide layer down to the copper layer, filling the holes with copper and extending the copper above the polyimide layer to define caps, removing portions of the copper layer to form conductive pads, and filling gaps between the conductive pads with an insulator, wherein individual conductive pads are in electrical contact with corresponding individual caps.

Abstract: To provide a multilayer wiring board mainly used for an electronic device, in which a bump passing through an inter layer insulating film allows for inter layer connection between plural wiring films insulated from one another with plural inter layer insulating layers. In the multilayer wiring board, a circuit element such as an electronic part, a semiconductor chip, or a passive element is accommodated in the inter layer insulating films so as to connect its terminal with the corresponding wiring film. In particular, the semiconductor chip is polished to a thickness of 50 ?m or smaller, and the multilayer wiring board itself for the electronic device has the flexibility.

Abstract: The invention provides porous particles that produce a predetermined optical response and that may be manipulated magnetically. A preferred particle of the invention has a porous structure that produces a predetermined optical response and magnetic material adhered to the particle. Another preferred particle is amphiphilic. The optical response provided by a particle of the invention enables particles of the invention to be used in sensing, labeling, signaling, display and many other applications. The magnetic nature of the present magnetic particles permits the particles themselves to be manipulated, e.g., vibrated, moved and re-oriented. The porous particles can also be used to control, move, and/or deliver small volumes of liquids and solids associated with the particles.

Abstract: A three-dimensional cold plate assembly and method of manufacturing the same is disclosed. The cold plate assembly includes a metallic substrate having a top side and a bottom side and a three-dimensional molded contoured plastic body having a top side and a bottom side. The bottom side of the metallic substrate is bonded to the top side of the plastic body. The bottom side of the plastic body is contoured to substantially complementarily mate with a profile of heat generating components in an electronic device. The method of manufacturing the cold plate includes the steps of pretreating and cleaning the metallic substrate, etching the metallic substrate and overmolding the plastic body onto the bottom side of the metallic substrate to provide a bottom contoured side of the plastic body that substantially complementarily mates with the profile of heat generating components in an electronic device.

Abstract: Miniature optically transparent windows are disclosed that extend vertically from a plane, which may be used to transmit light traveling in a direction substantially parallel with the plane. In one illustrative embodiment, a method for forming such miniature optically transparent windows includes: providing a substrate having a first surface and an opposing second surface, the substrate having a first layer and an adjacent second layer; forming a recess in the first layer of the substrate, the recess extending to the second layer; providing an optically transparent material in the recess to form an optically transparent feature; and removing at least a portion of the first layer that extends adjacent the optically transparent feature so that light can pass through the optically transparent feature in a direction that is substantially parallel to the first surface of the substrate.

Abstract: Techniques for generating reactions on surfaces that can operate at room temperature and pressure with visible laser light as a radiation source and environmentally sound gases for processing. The apparatus is highly compact, simple, reliable and low cost to operate and maintain, and can dry clean and condition surfaces without causing damage or leaving a residue. Gas is injected at one end of a plenum, directed through the plenum in the presence of the laser radiation, and exhausted at the other end. The plenum creates a highly confined space for directional laminar movement of gas, laser light and by-products, permitting a high degree of uniformity and reaction efficiency. Minimal internal surface area and volume of the reactor prevents by-products from forming, eliminating costly cleaning and downtime.

Abstract: A method of treating plasma using plasma is provided. During a plasma treating process, a power for generating plasma is supplied as a pulse to prevent charge density of a wafer surface from increasing with rise of electron energy. A magnetic field is provided at a region, where a plasma is generated, to prevent the plasma density from decreasing when the power is supplied as a pulse. The magnetic field is formed to be directed toward the interior or exterior of a housing. Further, a power for generating plasma is supplied as a pulse to selectively improve an etching rate of a wafer central region or a wafer edge region.