Abstract: The detection unit Ud is configured by arranging two strain sensitive elements X1 and X2 respectively at each side of the X-axial direction relative to the center of the strain causing plate 2, and arranging two strain sensitive elements Y1 and Y2 respectively at each side of the Y-axial direction relative to the center of the strain causing plate 2. The signal processing part Um is provided with the X-axial bridge circuit 4 for detecting a force in the X-axial direction by the strain sensitive elements X1 and X2 arranged at the both sides in the X-axial direction, the Y-axial bridge circuit 5 for detecting a force in the Y-axial direction by the strain sensitive elements Y1 and Y2 arranged at both sides in the Y-axial direction, and the Z-axial bridge circuit 6 for detecting a force in the Z-axial direction by a bridge circuit including the X-axial bridge circuit 4 and the Y-axial bridge circuit 5.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sensor array, especially for measuring/detecting magnetic fields and/or torsion and/or mechanical stress, comprising a magnetizable/magnetic, particularly soft magnetic electrically conducting conductor assembly that is provided with a first conductor section in which dynamic, particularly helical magnetization can be generated, and at least one second conductor section in which especially helical anisotropy is or can be generated, magnetization being conveyable from a first into a second conductor section and being detectable by means of a tension generated above a second conductor section because of the magnetization conveyed. The invention further relates to a method for measuring/detecting magnetic fields and/or torsion and/or mechanical stress.

Abstract: A torque sensor comprises a housing, a torsion device which is rotationally mounted inside the housing, a dynamic sensor unit which is rotationally fixed to the torsion device and a static sensor unit cooperating with the dynamic sensor unit. The static sensor unit is elastically connected to the housing via a decoupling device.

Abstract: A magnetostrictive torque sensor for detecting a torque includes an operating shaft, magnetically insulating layers, and magnetostrictive films. The operating shaft is adapted to be applied with an external torque. The magnetically insulating layers are formed of a nonmagnetic material and provided on an outer peripheral surface of the operating shaft. The magnetostrictive films are provided on outer peripheral surfaces of the magnetically insulating layers.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for measuring containment force on a load is provided. The apparatus may include a first longitudinally extending arm configured to engage a first side of packaging material wrapped around the load. The apparatus may also include a second longitudinally extending arm configured to engage a second side of the packaging material, the second side being opposite the first side. The apparatus may further include an indicator positioned substantially perpendicularly to the first and second arms, a third longitudinally extending arm, and a force gauge configured to measure a force exerted on the third longitudinally extending arm.

Abstract: A method and system are provided in which a water sensing device is equipped with a water-sealed sampling chamber enclosing the sensing probes of the sensing device. When the device is placed into its water habitat, water flow into and out of the sampling chamber is controlled such that water is present in the sampling chamber only during a relatively brief period of time when water quality measurements are taken by the probes. After the water quality measurements have been taken by the probes, the water sample is substantially pumped out of the sampling chamber so as to minimize the time during which the probes are in contact with the water being analyzed.

Abstract: A multi-stage horizontal elutriator includes a flow inlet, a flow outlet, a hollow container that is disposed between said flow inlet and said flow outlet. This hollow container has a guide-in portion, a first parallel plates set, a second parallel plates set, and a guide-out portion. The first plates set is different to the second plates set. So, the aerosol's falling distance can be shortened significantly. The relative culturable ratio and the survival efficiency for bioaerosols are both high. The structure is simple with low cost.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for substance mixtures, particularly complex chemical and/or biochemical substance mixtures. According to said method, a substance mixture that is to be analyzed is fed to a separating device, the substances of the substance mixture that is to be analyzed are separated from each other in the separating device by means of a chemically and/or physically induced conveying process, and the separated substances are detected in an evaluation unit. The invention further relates to methods and devices for producing pulsed substance mixtures, particularly complex chemical and/or biochemical substance mixtures. In order to improve the analysis of substance mixtures especially regarding the duration of the analysis, the throughput, and the resolution, the substance mixture that is to be analyzed is fed to the separating device in pulses having an unique binary sequence.

Abstract: A pipette nozzle is provided for use on a movable arm on an automated pipette machine. The pipette nozzle includes a body defining a passage therethrough. At least two seating surfaces are provided on the body, including a first seating surface and a second seating surface. The first seating surface is configured to receive and sealingly mate with a first size of pipette tip in a manner such that the first end of the passage is in fluid communication with the first size of pipette tip. The second seating surface is configured to receive and sealingly mate with a second size of pipette tip in a manner such that the first end of the passage is in fluid communication with the second size of pipette tip.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a device for obtaining samples of meat during commercial meat production. More specifically, embodiments of the present invention provide for an automated, hand held device used to rapidly obtain samples of meat that are of essentially uniform size in order to test for the presence of microbiological contaminants in such meat, as well as methods of using the device. The device can be used to comply with laws and regulations concerning the testing of meat for microbial contamination during commercial meat production. The device is also lightweight and ergonomically constructed so that it may be operated by a single individual.

Abstract: A method for evaluating the powder dispersibility including dispersing a powder allowed to stand inside a closed container by mechanical vibration applied quantitatively to the powder; collecting the dispersed powder on a quartz crystal element or a piezo element; and measuring the mass of the collected powder using a quartz crystal microbalance or a piezo element mass meter to thereby measure the airborne powder concentration in air inside the closed container; a method for evaluating airborne powder concentration at work place using the method for evaluating the powder dispersibility; and a method for designing a powder containment facility using the method for evaluating airborne powder concentration.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for using a test slider to test the resonance performance of a head gimbal assembly. The test slider has a two-stripe air-bearing surface to allow the test slider to glide above a surface and a block with a mass equal to the combined mass of the electrical slider and the micro-actuator. The leading edge of the slider is tapered and has a main air groove to facilitate gliding. A back step on the side of the test slider opposite the air bearing surface maintains a parallel gap between the slider and the suspension tongue of the head gimbal assembly.

Abstract: Packaging techniques for planar resonator gyroscopes, such as disc resonator gyroscopes (DRGs) are disclosed. A gyroscope die may be attached to its package substrate on a central disc area that is inboard of its embedded electrodes. This configuration eliminates contact of the die with the package substrate beneath the embedded electrodes allowing the internal electrode support structure to expand or contract freely without stress as its temperature changes. The central attachment can also be used diminish the package temperature gradients on the periphery of the die, if the thermal conductivity of the central disc attachment material is higher than the package substrate. Temperature gradients across the resonator also lead to thermoelastic damping asymmetry and rate drift. In addition, the electrical connections to the die may be formed by vertical vias within the central disc attachment area or by thin wirebonds to peripheral I/O pads on the gyro chip.

Abstract: A speed reducer 100 to be attached to an articulated portion of an industrial robot includes a first-stage reduction gear mechanism 10 of a spur gear type speed reducing unit and a second-stage reduction gear mechanism 30 of an eccentric rocking type speed reducing unit, and the output from the eccentric rocking type speed reducing unit is extracted from an internal gear member or a support member. When the input speed to the first input gear unit is 2,000 RPM, the output from the eccentric rocking type speed reducing unit is 20 RPM or higher. The reduction ratio of the first-stage reduction gear mechanism is so selected that individual crankshafts may rotate not over 1,000 RPM when the output from the eccentric rocking type speed reducing unit is 20 RPM or higher.

Abstract: The invention relates to a spindle drive (10) and to a production method for a spindle drive (10) of said type, in particular for adjusting a moveable part (58) in a motor vehicle, having a drive unit (42) which drives a drive wheel (18) which is mounted on a spindle (16), wherein the drive wheel (18) is mounted so as to be rotatable in a support tube (14), which support tube (14) has a receptacle (52) for a fastening device (54) for dissipating crash forces, wherein a guide tube (64) which holds the spindle (16) is arranged coaxially with respect to said spindle (16), which guide tube (64) axially overlaps the support tube (14).

Abstract: A ball screw shaft supporting structure of a ball screw rotationally supported by a housing via supporting bearings has a screw shaft formed, on its outer circumference, with a fitting portion and a positioning shoulder. An inner ring of the supporting bearing is press fit onto the fitting portion via a predetermined interference. A steel spacer ring is fit onto the fitting portion from the outer side of the supporting bearing with the inner side of the inner ring abutted against the shoulder. A caulking portion is formed on the end of the fitting portion by plastically deforming the end of the fitting portion radially outward. The inner ring is axially immovably secured on the screw shaft by the caulking portion via, the spacer ring.

Abstract: A mechanical assembly applicable to convert bidirectional motion of an input shaft into unidirectional motion of an output shaft comprising input shaft, intermediate shaft and output shaft, wherein two sets of gearing arranged one after the other, in combination with ratchet and pawl mechanisms driven in opposite directions, with two opposing ratchet wheels fitted to input shaft, each accompanied by a gearwheel driven on bearings on the same shaft with protruded flanges integral to aforesaid gear wheel, carrying spring loaded pawls on flanges to engage with accompanied ratchet wheel. The output shaft is coupled to input shaft by aforesaid gearings, so that the rotary movement performed either on clock wise or counterclockwise direction on input shaft will result unidirectional motion on output shaft.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a transmission capable of minimizing the number of speed-change driven gears on a first countershaft to ensure a layout space in an engine compartment of a vehicle, and reducing a driving torque to be applied to a second countershaft to facilitate downsizing of the transmission. In the transmission, the first countershaft 2 is arranged at a position above an input shaft 1, and a first-speed driven gear 14 and a second-speed driven gear 24 are provided on the first countershaft 2.

Abstract: A method for adjusting the gearbox actuation system of an automatic gearbox of a vehicle, whereby at least one reference travel is made with the gear engaged. The invention further relates to a gearbox actuation system for selecting and engaging gears in an automatic gearbox of a vehicle, especially for carrying out the inventive method, whereby at least one reference travel is made for the purpose of adjustment.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for automatically adjusting clearance of a support yoke of a rack and pinion type steering apparatus, the apparatus including: a support yoke making contact with one side of a rack bar so as to support the rack bar; at least one cam assembled with one side of the support yoke so as to support the support yoke; a yoke plug which is positioned at one side of the cam so as to support the cam and is assembled with a rack housing; and a yoke spring included at one side of the support yoke so as to apply elastic force to the support yoke in a direction of the rack bar. In a case where the support yoke is worn away due to friction, etc.

Abstract: A preload structure for a ball screw in the inner surface of a nut is formed a helical groove whose lead is different from the lead of the adjacent helical groove to produce a lead deviation between the helical groove of the nut and the helical groove of the screw. By such arrangements, the lead deviation can be used to achieve the preload objective, thus reducing the fitting number demanded of the circulation system. Consequently, not only the single circulation system fittings can be used, but also the length of the nut is shorter and without extra machining, and the producer only needs to control the deviation of the interval helical track during rubbing to achieve various preload changes.

Abstract: A driven component, in particular a printing couple or folding unit, of a printing press, having several rotating elements, in particular cylinders or rollers, wherein at least two rotating elements are assigned to intermeshing drive gears, is disclosed. The drive gear of a first rotating element, which meshes with the drive gear of a second rotating element, is assigned a co-rotating gear, which is connected to the drive gear of the first rotating element via at least one spring element or bending element, which extends in the axial direction of the first rotating element. The co-rotating gear can be rotated with respect to the drive gear in such a way in the circumferential direction that a meshing between the two intermeshing drive gears that is affected in principle by backlash can be kept free of backlash.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a shift module 1 for a shift lever of an automatic gear drive, comprising a linearly displaceably supported slider 10, 200, which is engageable with a shift lever and which can be displaced out of its rest position to two opposite switching directions by means of the shift lever, a measuring device 20, 92, 94 connected to the slider 10, 200 for determining of the position of the slider 10, 200, wherein the measuring device 20, 92, 94 is formed such that it can measure the actual position of the slider 10, 200 continuously over its total way of displacement.

Abstract: An actuating device (1) for a technical system, especially for selecting gears of a shift-by-wire speed-change gear includes an actuating element (2) with at least two shift positions and a locking device (8). The locking device (8) has at least one actuator (7) driven with auxiliary energy and is used to reduce the shifting path of the actuating element (2) or to lock the actuating element (2). The actuator (7) has at least three different shifting states to make it possible to embody the necessary locking functions of the actuating lever with a reduced number of actuators and hence with a comparatively low design effort. Space, weight and costs can thus be saved.

Abstract: A shift fork actuation system includes an actuator housing defining a piston cavity and a piston assembly having three pistons with three different surface areas responsive to fluid pressure to establish positions of the piston assembly within the piston cavity. A stopping mechanism, such as a shoulder formed by the actuator housing at the interface of different bores in the piston cavity, interferes with one of the surface areas to prevent movement of one of the pistons past the stopping mechanism. A neutral position of a shift fork is established by interference of the piston assembly with the stopping mechanism. A slot in the piston assembly captures a finger extension from the shift rail to act as an anti-rotation feature, ensuring that a magnet embedded in the piston assembly as part of a sensor assembly is properly positioned.

Abstract: A bicycle control device is basically provided with a base member, a shift control unit, a non-shift operating lever, a first shift operating lever and a second shift operating lever. The shift control unit is mounted to the base member. The non-shift operating lever is movably coupled relative to the base member. The first and second shift operating levers are operatively coupled to the shift control unit. The second shift operating lever is a separate member from the first shift operating lever. The first and second shift operating levers are configured and arranged relative to each other such that the second shift operating lever is moved by the first shift operating lever when the first shift operating lever is operated.

Abstract: A bicycle control device is basically provided with a base member, a shift control unit, a control member and a first shift operating lever. The shift control unit is mounted to the base member. The control member includes a first portion operatively coupled to the shift control unit and a second portion spaced from the first portion. The first shift operating lever is movably coupled relative to the base member to move along a first shift operating path and movably coupled relative to the base member to move along a non-shift operating path that is non-coincident with the first shift operating path. The first shift operating lever is slidably engaged with the second portion of the control member such that the second portion of the control member is moved when the first shift operating lever is moved along the non-shift operating path with sliding contact therebetween.

Abstract: A manipulator for supporting and displacing an object comprises a base. A moving portion supports the object. Two articulated mechanisms each having five rotational joints between links, with each articulated mechanism being connected to the base by two of the rotational joints. The moving portion is connected to both the articulated mechanisms by moving-portion joints. The articulated mechanisms and moving-portion joints are arranged with respect to each other between the base and the moving portion so as to constrain movement of the moving portion to displacements in two translational degrees of freedom and two rotational degrees of freedom with respect to the base. Four actuators are each operatively connected to a different one of the rotational joints between the base and the articulated mechanisms so as to selectively control the displacements of the moving portion in any one of the four degrees of freedom of the moving portion.

Abstract: A bicycle control device is basically provided with a base member, a shift control unit and an operating lever. The base member includes a handlebar mounting structure defining a handlebar receiving area with a central handlebar mounting axis. The shift control unit is mounted to the base member. The operating lever is pivotally mounted relative to the base member to pivot from a rest position towards the handlebar receiving area about a non-shift operating pivot axis that is angled relative to the handlebar receiving area such that the operating lever moves along a non-shift operating path that avoid interference with a handlebar in a lateral direction with respect to the handlebar receiving area.

Abstract: A handle device comprises a handle unit having a holding end at one end thereof; another end of the handle unit being an adjusting end; a center of the adjusting end having a penetrating hole; a frame having a pivotal seat; a pivotal groove being formed in the pivotal seat; a center of the pivotal groove being formed with a through hole; a twisting unit being assembled in the pivotal groove; a supporting block being installed between the adjusting end of the handle unit and the pivotal seat of the frame; the supporting block being a disk like structure. In assembly, the twisting unit is installed in the pivotal seat; the supporting block is installed upon the twisting unit. The supporting block is pivotally rotatable by the twisting rotation of the twisting unit; and the supporting block is engaged to the adjusting end.

Abstract: This invention relates to a cover of steering wheel. The main body of the cover is a sleeve (2) made of elastic rubber or soft thermoplastic materials. A coat (3) covering the sleeve (2) is made of textile materials or leather materials. The cover (1) is provided with a cut (4) at its circumference, and a pair of connecting and securing components (5) are mounted at the two ends of the cut (4) respectively for tightening and locking the two ends of the cut (4).

Abstract: A vehicle includes an engine. The engine includes a deceleration mechanism inside a crankcase part. A shift pedal member for actuating the deceleration mechanism of the engine is provided. An arm member has a lower part directly mounted on the shift pedal member. A link member is rotatably connected to an upper part of the arm member and connected to the deceleration mechanism of the engine.

Abstract: A pedal assembly includes an axle extending through the passage in the pedal and a nut is inserted into the passage from a first end of the pedal and threadedly connected to a threaded section of the axle. A bearing is mounted to the nut. Another bearing is inserted into the passage from a second end of the pedal and is mounted to the axle. A contact plate extends radially outward from an outer periphery of the axle and includes a friction surface. A crank has a threaded hole with which another threaded section of the axle is engaged. The friction surface includes multiple spikes so as to firmly contact the crank.

Abstract: A method of forming a Salisbury axle that includes: forming an assembly having a housing that is made of nodular iron, the housing having an opening and a pair of apertures; removing a pair of caps from the housing to expose a pair of journals; installing a differential through the opening to the journals; replacing the caps to the journals; forming a pair of axle tubes from a high strength steel, each of the axle tubes having a circular proximal end, a circular distal end and a mount portion between the proximal and distal ends, the proximal ends of the axle tubes being larger in diameter than the apertures, the mount portion having a top wall and a pair of opposite side walls that are oriented generally perpendicular to the top wall; and inserting the proximal ends of the axle tubes into the apertures. A Salisbury axle is also provided.

Abstract: A power transmission apparatus including a rotary unit (10) rotated by receiving the turning effort and a nut member (3) for coupling the rotary unit (10) to a rotary shaft (4) of a rotary device is disclosed. The nut member (3) has a central hole (3e) formed therethrough from one end surface (3c) to the other end surface (3d) thereof and an internally threaded portion (3g) formed in the central hole (3e). The internally threaded portion (3g) is forced onto an externally threaded portion (4b) formed on the rotary shaft (4) from the other end surface (3d) side thereby to be screwed to the rotary shaft (4) while at the same time coupling the rotary unit (10) to the rotary shaft (4). The apparatus further includes a cap (5) fitted onto the nut member (3) in such a manner as to cover and seal one end surface (3c) of the nut member and an outer peripheral surface (3i) of the nut member connected to the peripheral edge of the one end surface (3c).

Abstract: A precursor halide compound is reduced to a predetermined product at substantially ambient conditions. The halide is added to an anhydrous liquid reaction medium containing one or more alkali metals or alkaline earth metals as reductants. The metal reductants are dispersed as very small globules in the liquid by cavitation of the liquid, such as by application of high intensity ultrasonic vibrations or high-shear mixing to the reaction vessel. Continued cavitation of the liquid medium affects low temperature reduction of the precursor halide(s) to produce a metal, metal alloy, metal compound, ceramic material, metal matrix-ceramic composite material, or the like. The practice may be applied, for example, to titanium tetrachloride, alone or with other chlorides, to produce titanium metal, titanium alloys (for example Ti-6Al-4V), and titanium compounds (TiSi2).

Abstract: A method of preparing metal nanoprisms having a unimodal size distribution and a predetermined thickness. The present method also allows control over nanoprism edge length.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for manufacturing molten irons by injecting fine carbonaceous materials into a melter-gasifier and a method for manufacturing molten irons using the same.

Abstract: A tool for removal of a reverse osmosis membrane from a high-pressure vessel (150) includes a plunger (105) fitting within the high-pressure vessel (150); a clamp to secure the tool to the outside of the high-pressure vessel (150); a drive hub (135) secured to the clamp such that an internally threaded passageway (405) in the hub is parallel with the longitudinal axis of the high-pressure vessel (150); and a drive rod (115) threaded to advance within the drive hub (135) through the threaded passageway (405) and push the plunger (105) along the longitudinal axis of the high-pressure vessel (150). Preferred embodiments include a bearing plate (110) affixed to the plunger (105) to spread the load from the drive rod (115) and one or more extension rods (125) to extend the length of the drive rod (115).

Abstract: An interchangeably manual or automatic ratchet wrench tool comprises a tool body including a through grove disposed at one end thereof, for receiving a rotating member including peripheral teeth and driven teeth formed therearound, respectively. The tool body further includes a driving piece attached therein and having two engaging tabs mounted thereon for correspondingly engaging with the peripheral teeth of the rotating member, thereby driving the rotating member in a manual operating mode. Moreover, the tool body includes a motor driven by a power source assembly and affixed at another end thereof, the motor includes a worm shaft disposed at one end thereof, for meshing with a worm gear which is rotatably disposed in the tool body, and between the worm gear and the driven teeth of the rotating member is defined with a transmission set for couplingly urging the rotating member in an electric operating mode.

Abstract: A hand tool includes a socket which is connected to a head of the hand tool and the socket includes first and second recesses in tow ends thereof and a passage is defined in communication between the first and second recesses. A push rod includes a head and a shank which extends through the first recess, the passage and is inserted in the second recess in which a bit is inserted. A spring is mounted to the shank and biased between the head and an inner end of the first recess. The screw bit can be quickly pushed out from the second recess of the socket by pushing the push rod toward the screw bit.

Abstract: A brick tie anchor secures a brick veneer to an underlying structure. The anchor includes a head portion having a shaped body defining a longitudinal axis. The head includes a key portion extending from an end of the body having generally flat sides and an open central area. A shank has an upper shank portion and a lower shank portion. The lower shank portion is threaded for penetration into the underlying structure. The upper shank portion and the lower shank portion are separated from one another by a shoulder. The upper shank portion includes a knurled region extending from the shoulder. A washer is disposed at the juncture of the head portion and the shank. The washer has a diameter greater than a largest measurement across the head portion. The washer includes a resilient sealing element on the side of the washer adjacent to the shank. A driving tool for the anchor is also disclosed.

Abstract: A wrench includes a handle and an open-end with two jaws and each jaw has a driving surface. Each driving surface has a contacting area and two yielding areas. The contacting area is located between the two yielding areas and includes a contact portion and two notches. The contact portion is located between the two notches, and two extension areas each are connected between the yielding area and the notch corresponding thereto. A corner is formed at a joint area of the contact portion and an inside of the notch so as to bite a rounded fastener head. The contact portions are matched with straight sides of a normal fastener head.

Abstract: A hand tool includes a socket which is connected to a head of the hand tool and the socket includes first and second recesses in two ends thereof and a passage is defined in communication between the first and second recesses. A push rod includes a head and a shank which extends through the first recess, the passage and is inserted in the second recess in which a bit is inserted. A spring is mounted to the shank and biased between the head and an inner end of the first recess. The screw bit can be quickly pushed out from the second recess of the socket by pushing the push rod toward the screw bit.

Abstract: A torque-indicating wrench includes a hollow handle, a head, strain gauge and a threaded bolt. The hollow handle includes an aperture defined therein and a screw hole defined therein opposite to the countersink hole. The head includes a reduced portion. A strain gauge includes a receptacle for receiving the reduced portion of the head and an insert inserted in the hollow handle and formed with an aperture. A threaded bolt is driven in the screw hole through the apertures.

Abstract: A tension spanner comprises a holding portion having an axial receiving hole at one end thereof; an outer periphery of the holding portion being formed with a plurality of textures for being held steadily; an upper periphery of the holding portion having a plurality of numbers for indicating the position in alignment; and a handle having an inner rod and an outer tube; one end of the inner rod being installed with an axial rolling ball; the outer tube having a receiving space; the inner rod in the outer tube can swing slightly in the receiving space of the outer tube; an outer side of the outer tube being formed with a scale; and an inner sleeve, an outer sleeve, an elastic body and a supporting post are received in the receiving space of the outer tube.

Abstract: A tension spanner includes a holding portion having an axial receiving hole at one end thereof. An outer periphery of the holding portion is formed with a plurality of textures for being held steadily. An upper periphery of the holding portion has a plurality of numbers for indicating the position in alignment. A handle has an inner rod and an outer tube. One end of the inner rod is installed with an axial rolling ball. The outer tube has a receiving space. The inner rod in the outer tube can swing slight in the receiving space of the outer tube. An outer side of the outer tube is formed with a scale. An inner sleeve, an outer sleeve, an elastic body and a supporting post are respectively received in the receiving space of the outer tube.

Abstract: A storage rack pivots outwardly from a corresponding longitudinal recess in the handle of the tool. The storage rack accommodates tool accessories or the like, such as sockets where the tool is a ratchet. The storage rack has an outer surface which defines part of the handle when the storage rack is closed. Alternatively, there could be several storage racks each with different pivot points, or two racks pivoting in opposite directions and sharing a common pivot point. Preferably, the handle is of plastic, and in the case of a ratchet, is overmolded onto a metal ratchet mechanism. The ratchet mechanism has an irregular external shape, or splines or the like, to accept torque without slipping or separating from the plastic handle portion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to PVD coated cemented carbide cutting tool inserts semifinishing and finishing metal cutting operations. The cemented carbide cutting tool insert comprises a substrate and a wear resistant coating. The substrate comprises in addition to WC, from about 5.5 to about 8.5 wt-% Co and Cr such that the Cr/Co weight ratio is from about 0.08 to about 0.12 and also small amounts of Ti and Ta. The wear resistant coating is a homogeneous AlxTi1?xN-layer with x equals from about 0.6 to about 0.67. The thickness of this layer is from about 1 to about 3.8 ?m.

Abstract: A method for cutting lidstock units from a web of pre-printed lidstock, the steps of: a) providing a web of pre-printed lidstock comprising a plurality of lidstock units across its width and its length and provided with a plurality of registration marks, b) feeding the web in the direction of its length through a cutting region provided with a first and a second optical sensor, c) stopping the feeding of the web when the first optical sensor detects a registration mark, d) moving the web in the direction of its width until a second optical sensor detects the registration mark, e) cutting the web in the cutting region into lidstock units by means of cutters.