Abstract: An exhaust system for a spark-ignited internal combustion engine comprises a three-way catalyst composition including an oxygen storage component, which TWC composition is coated on a flow-through monolith substrate, which substrate comprising a plurality of channels, each channel having a length extending from an inlet end to an outlet end and a single lambda sensor, wherein the substrate comprises a portion of the plurality of channels wherein the TWC composition in at least a part of the length of channels extending from the inlet end has a reduced oxygen storage activity, or no oxygen storage activity, relative to the TWC composition in a remainder of the substrate, the arrangement being such that the single lambda sensor is contacted substantially only with exhaust gas that has first contacted the TWC composition having a reduced oxygen storage activity or no oxygen storage activity.

Abstract: A reverse flow heat exchanger is combined with an energy source to generate a temperature ladder. This system is used to create temperatures at which particles within a gas flow are combusted. Applications described include cleaning of particle laden gas, raising the temperature of a catalyst, exhaust cleaning and room air cleaning.

Abstract: An exhaust gas cleaning apparatus includes a LNT, a fuel adding device, an exhaust gas returning passage, and a controller. The LNT is provided in an exhaust gas passage of an engine. The fuel adding device is located upstream of the LNT to add fuel to exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust pipe. The exhaust gas returning passage branches off from the exhaust gas passage at a position downstream of the fuel adding device. The controller controls the apparatus to selectively operate in one of first and second modes according to the operating condition of the engine. In the first mode, the fuel adding device adds the fuel to the exhaust gas with the exhaust gas returning passage closed; in the second mode, the exhaust gas is partially returned to an intake air passage through the exhaust gas returning passage without the fuel being added by the fuel adding device.

Abstract: A gas diverter includes at least one port circumscribed by a port seat, and a valve subassembly for selectively obstructing the port. The valve subassembly comprises: (a) an actuation arm; (b) a disk coupled to the arm, and (c) an actuator for selectively causing the disk to be urged against said port seat to obstruct said port. In operation, the disk deforms elastically as it is urged against the port seat.

Abstract: A swing control circuit is provided separately from a hydraulic actuator control circuit. The swing control circuit includes a swing pump motor connected to closed circuits of a swing motor through a solenoid valve that serves as a directional control valve. A swing motor generator is connected to the swing pump motor. The swing motor generator is connected to an electric power storage device of a hybrid type drive system. An exterior-connecting passage for feeding hydraulic fluid to hydraulic actuators of a lower structure and a work equipment is drawn from a pipeline between the swing pump motor and the solenoid valve. A connecting passage solenoid valve is disposed in the exterior-connecting passage. The invention enables hydraulic energy generated in the swing system to be directly fed to the outside of the swing system.

Abstract: A vehicle includes an integrated drive module coupled to an axle thereof. The module includes a hydraulic motor configured to provide motive power at an output shaft, and a differential for distributing the motive power to right and left portions of the axle. The hydraulic motor and the differential are encased within a common housing. The vehicle may include a second integrated drive module having, within a housing, a second hydraulic motor (or multiple hydraulic motors), and a second differential coupled thereto and configured to distribute motive power to right and left portions of a second axle. The second module may also include a transmission within the same housing. The transmission may be a two speed or other multi-speed transmission. The second module is configured to operate in neutral while power demand is below a threshold, and to engage while the power demand exceeds the threshold. The second module may be configured to remain engaged for full-time four-wheel-drive operation.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a micromachined rotary actuator constructed of a central portion and an outer portion at least partially surrounding the central portion and separated from the central portion by an in-plane gap. A plurality of arms are each connected at one end to the central portion and at another end to the outer portion so as to span the in-plane gap. The arms are constructed of a plurality of horizontally stacked materials positioned to enable the arms to bend in-plane when heated. Conductors are positioned within the actuator for heating the arms. Because of the rules governing abstracts, this abstract should not be used to construe the claims.

Abstract: A heat engine, includes at least one Liquid Ring Rotating Casing Compressor (LRRCC) having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, a combustion chamber in fluid communication with the output of the LRRCC, and at least one expander having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet. The fluid inlet communicates with the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A method of operating a stationary internal combustion machine (1), in particular a gas engine, comprising a compressor device (2) which compresses gas (5, 6) fed to the internal combustion machine (1), and a throttle device (7) which is connected downstream of the compressor device (2) and with which the amount of compressed gas (5, 6) fed to the internal combustion machine is variable, wherein the compressor device (2) is operated by way of an exhaust gas turbine (3) of variable turbine geometry, wherein the internal combustion machine (1) is regulated to a substantially constant engine regulating value by way of the actuation of at least two adjusting members, wherein upon a deviation in the engine regulating value from a reference value the amount of gas fed to the internal combustion machine (1) is altered by the actuation of the throttle device (7) as the first adjusting member and by the variation in the geometry of the exhaust gas turbine (3) as the second adjusting member so that the engine regulatin

Abstract: A substance is added to cold ocean water in a cold water pipe of an Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) system. The substance raises the freezing point of the ocean water in a cold water heat exchanger of the OTEC system, thereby forming an ice slurry. The substance is added at the depth of the apparatus. The ice slurry is transported from the point of addition in the cold water pipe to the cold water heat exchanger at the surface.

Abstract: A combustor includes an inner liner; an outer liner circumscribing the inner liner and forming a combustion chamber with the inner liner; a combustor dome coupled to the inner and outer liners; and a plurality of heat shields coupled to combustor dome. Each of the heat shields includes a heat shield plate defined by a first edge facing the inner liner and a second edge facing the outer liner; and a plurality of baffles extending from the heat shield plate. Each of the plurality of baffles includes two ribs and a connection portion connecting the two ribs to form a closed portion and an opposite open portion. The open portion of each of the plurality of baffles faces the first edge or the second edge.

Abstract: A method for operating a combustion chamber of a gas turbine, in particular of a power plant is provided. The combustion chamber includes at least one burner with a catalytic pilot burner. The method includes actuating the pilot burner at low power of the combustion chamber, generating a synthesis gas with a high proportion of hydrogen as a reaction product. The method further includes actuating the pilot burner at high power of the combustion chamber, generating a synthesis gas with a low proportion of hydrogen gas. An annular combustion chamber of a gas turbine, is also provided. The combustion chamber includes a plurality of burners distributed annularly. Each burner includes a catalytic pilot burner and a common air supply for the burner and the pilot burner is also provided. The common air supply distributes the supplied air with constant division between the burner and the pilot burner.

Abstract: Procedure for controlling the useful life of the gas turbines of a plant by means of a production plant (10) equipped with a series of production trains (15) and an auxiliary gas generator group (40). Each production train (15) is in turn equipped with a series of gas turbine groups (20), each of which in turn includes a gas generator. The procedure comprises the following phases: a) creating a succession (20?, 20?, 20?? . . . ) of gas generator groups of gas turbines (20) to be subjected to maintenance; b) substituting the first gas generator group of gas turbines (20?) of the succession (20?, 20?, 20?? . . . ) with the auxiliary gas generator group (40), to keep the production plant (10) functioning almost continuously; c) controlling the first substituted gas generator group of gas turbines (20?), by subjecting it to ordinary maintenance operations; d) substituting the second gas generator group of gas turbines (20?) of the succession (20?, 20?, 20?? . . .

Abstract: Cooling systems for an aircraft are provided. In an embodiment, a system includes an engine nacelle, an engine, a bypass duct, and a heat exchanger. The engine nacelle includes an airflow inlet. The engine is housed in the engine nacelle in flow communication with the airflow inlet. The bypass duct extends between the engine nacelle and the engine is in flow communication with the airflow inlet. The bypass duct includes an outer wall and an opening formed therein. The heat exchanger is integrated with the engine and is disposed over the opening of the bypass duct outer wall between the bypass duct outer wall and the engine nacelle.

Abstract: A method of operating a cooling device is provided. The method includes sequentially regulating a temperature of a plurality of thermally coupled magneto-caloric elements for maximizing a magneto-caloric effect for each of the magneto-caloric elements when subjected to a magnetic regenerative refrigeration cycle.

Abstract: An active magnetic refrigerator includes separated hot and cold heat exchange units wherein a heat transfer fluid that exchanges a heat with a magnetic heat exchange unit having the magnetocaloric material pieces arranged to have a gap therebetween separately circulates through a solenoid valve.

Abstract: A hydrogen storage and delivery system is provided having an orifice pulse tube refrigerator and a liquid hydrogen storage vessel. A cooling system, coupled to the orifice pulse tube refrigerator, cools the vessel and abates ambient heat transfer thereto in order to maintain the liquid hydrogen in the vessel at or below its saturation temperature. Hydrogen boil-off, and the necessity to provide continuous venting of vaporized hydrogen are minimized or avoided. In a preferred embodiment, the hydrogen storage vessel has a toroidal shape, and the pulse tube refrigerator is a two stage pulse tube refrigerator and extends within a central void space defined at the geometric center of the toroidal storage vessel.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for cryogenic processing comprising a chamber having a specially optimized configuration and geometry and having internal insert array of pathways and supporting elements to facilitate advanced materials processing. The pathways and supporting components can be configured by bending and positioning in different planes with bending the pathways with optimal radii and in different planes. The pathways bending radii can be within an optimal range for the size of the chamber and the angles between the pathway bending planes can be within an optimal range. The angles between the supporting components positioning planes and the pathway bending planes can be in an optimal range. The invention can also include structural supporting components that are attached at the pathway small movement points and the length of attachment can vary from about approximately zero to the full length of the supporting component.

Abstract: A container for storing a biopharmaceutical drug product is disclosed. The container includes two surface area planar walls. A plurality of smaller side walls circumscribing each of the planar walls. A method of freezing at least one biopharmaceutical product in the container is also disclosed.

Abstract: In a capacity variable type rotary compressor, its operation method and an operation method of an air conditioner having the same, a plurality of discharge holes are formed, and one of the discharge holes is connected to a bypass hole, which is opened and closed by a sliding valve according to a pressure difference, so as to be selectively connected to an intake hole. Accordingly, a cooling capability lowering rate is increased during capacity varying operation of the compressor, such that the air conditioner can be variously controlled, and unnecessary power consumption of the compressor and the air conditioner having the same can be reduced. Also, by using a pilot valve which is economical and reliable, back pressure of the sliding valve can be speedily and accurately switched.

Abstract: A refrigerator comprises a main cabinet formed with a storage compartment, a partition which partitions the storage compartment into a first storage compartment, a second storage compartment, a multipurpose compartment; a first evaporator provided to the main cabinet to generate cool air supplied to the first storage compartment; a second evaporator which is provided to the main cabinet to generate the cool air supplied to the second storage compartment; a first sub cool air duct which guides the cool air generated from the first evaporator to the multipurpose compartment; a second sub cool air duct which guides the cool air generated from the second evaporator to the multipurpose compartment; and at least one sub cool air supplying apparatus provided to the first sub cool air duct and the second sub cool air duct to supply the cool air from the first evaporator and the second evaporator to the multipurpose compartment.

Abstract: A refrigerant system has at least one unloader valve selectively communicating refrigerant between the compressor compression chambers and a point upstream of the evaporator. When the compressor is run in unloaded mode, partially compressed refrigerant is returned to a point upstream of the evaporator. In an unloaded mode, a higher refrigerant mass flow rate passes through the evaporator, as compared to prior art where the by-passed refrigerant was returned downstream of the evaporator. This increases system efficiency by more effectively returning oil which otherwise might be left in the evaporator back to the compressor. Also, the amount of refrigerant superheat entering the compressor in unloaded operation is reduced as compared to the prior art compressor systems, wherein the by-passed refrigerant is returned directly to the compressor suction line. Reduced refrigerant superheat increases system efficiency, improves motor performance and reduces compressor discharge temperature.

Abstract: A linear compressor control system includes an electronic circuit controlling an electric motor that drive a piston of the compressor, such that the motor is operated intermittently with an on-time (tL) and an off-time (tD) to keep the compression capacity of the compressor substantially constant. The compressor is associated with a closed cooling circuit having an evaporator and a condenser. The off-time (tD) is shorter than the time necessary for the evaporation pressure (PE) in the evaporator and the condensation pressure (Pc) in the condenser to equalize each other after the compressor has been turned off.

Abstract: A scroll compressor system having a variable speed drive is utilized. By providing the economizer and/or bypass functions along with the variable speed drive, precise capacity adjustment between the discrete steps is achieved to exactly match load demands at a wide spectrum of operating conditions.

Abstract: The atmospheric water harvester (2) shown in FIG. (1) comprises a centrally located flue in the form of a tower 4 and a surrounding heating enclosure (6) for collecting incident solar energy to heat air which enters its periphery (8). With heating of the air in the heating enclosure (6), an updraught is created within tower (4) as the air from the heating enclosure (6) returns to the atmosphere from the open end of the tower A base structure (10) housing a plurality of wind turbines is provided around the base of the tower. As the heated air flows from the heating enclosure (6) into the tower it is harnessed to rotate the wind turbines. Each wind turbine (20) is provided with associated water collection apparatus (94) comprising a refrigeration system for cooling condensation surfaces to, or below, the dew point of the air to effect the condensation of water from the air onto condensation surfaces of the water collection apparatus for collection.

Abstract: A double clutch system that allows the engine to drive the compressor of an OEM system through a first engaged clutch when the engine is running and allows an electric motor to drive the compressor through a second engaged clutch when the engine is not running. The electric motor is powered by either a power source external to the tractor's engine compartment (e.g., a electric outlet or an auxiliary power unit having a diesel-fired engine and a generator) or powered by the tractor battery, which is charged by a power source external to the tractor's engine compartment.

Abstract: Aircraft environmental control systems having a single ram air inlet providing air to both cabin air compressors and associated heat exchangers are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, and environmental control system for use with an aircraft includes a ram air inlet, an air conditioning pack, and an associated heat exchanger. In this embodiment, the ram air inlet provides a first portion of air to the air conditioning pack, and a second portion of air to the associated heat exchanger. The first portion of air flows from the air conditioning pack and through the heat exchanger before flowing into an aircraft cabin. The second portion of air from the ram air inlet cools the first portion of air in the heat exchanger before exiting the aircraft through a ram air outlet. The inlet and outlet can be modulated on an optimized schedule to minimize the net drag of the ram system.

Abstract: An air conditioning system includes a controller for controlling the feed rate of air from a blower such that the inside of the operator's cab is at higher pressure than outside pressure when a pressurization mode for pressurizing the inside of the operator's cab is selected, a branch duct opening/closing damper device is provided for distributing the air from the blower to an air outlet directed to an operator and an air outlet undirected to the operator (i.e., a defroster air outlet). Further, the controller controls the branch duct opening/closing damper device such that the air is ejected from the air outlet directed to the operator in such a volume that makes the operator have comfortable cool or warm feeling whereas the remaining volume of air is ejected from the defroster air outlet, when the difference between the inside air temperature of the operator's cab and a preset temperature becomes small.

Abstract: A water condenser includes a fan which draws a primary airflow through an upstream refrigerant evaporator, through an air-to-air heat exchanger and in one embodiment also an air-to-water heat exchanger uses cold water collected as condensate from the evaporator, the airflow to the evaporator being pre-cooled by passing through the air-to-air heat exchanger and the air-to-water heat exchanger prior to entry into the evaporator wherein the airflow is further cooled to below its dew point so as to condense moisture onto the evaporator far gravity collection. The evaporator is cooled by a closed refrigerant circuit.

Abstract: A refrigerant system (20) is provided with an enlarged chamber (32) that provides the functions of both an oil separator and a muffler. The chamber includes an oil return line (34) that returns separated oil back to a compressor. The chamber further includes at least one sound-deadening feature such that the chamber will also deaden the sound caused by the compressed refrigerant as it moves downstream from the compressor towards the condenser. In one embodiment, the sound-deadening feature is a torturous path (40) for the compressor discharge flow. In another embodiment, the sound-deadening feature is a sound-deadening material (52) formed within the chamber. Additional oil separation features may include an oil retention mesh (36) or a cyclone structure (102).

Abstract: An air conditioning and heating system includes an condenser, an expansion valve, an evaporator and a compressor interconnected in a closed loop system, and a motor for driving the compressor. The system also includes a refrigerant disposed within the closed loop system. The compressor compresses the refrigerant and pumps the refrigerant through the system. The system also includes one or more feedback loops to reduce the temperature (pre-cool) the refrigerant before it reaches the expansion valve in the cooling mode and the same or a different heat exchanger in the heating mode. The additional heat exchangers are placed in the loop to reduce the electric energy being used.

Abstract: A refrigerator is provided to prevent sustaining of injuries by users, and which is capable of being hygienically used. The refrigerator prevents users sustaining injuries from inadvertently bumping into a dispenser or a tray when passing by the refrigerator.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a refrigerator including a refrigeration chamber which comprises an upper wall, a lower wall, two side walls and a rear wall connected to the upper wall, the lower wall and two side walls to form a receiving container surroundingly. The refrigeration chamber is provided therein with a baffle which has a distance of 0 to 10 mm from the rear wall of the refrigeration chamber. As the refrigerating chamber is provided with the baffle, vegetable and fruit etc. can be prevented from frostbiting due to directly contacting with the rear wall of the refrigeration chamber, and the temperature in the refrigeration chamber can be kept even.

Abstract: Provided are a refrigerator and an assembling method thereof that enable a storage member provided in a drawer-type storage space to be securely withdrawn and inserted, that improve the external appearance of a storage member when withdrawn and inserted, and that allow easier assembly and installation of the refrigerator. The refrigerator includes a main body provided with a storage space, a storage member in the main body and capable of being withdrawn and inserted, an extendable rail member between the storage member and the main body to guide withdrawal and insertion of the storage member, and a cover member at one side of the rail member to cover the rail member. Thus, external appearance is improved, as is assembling convenience.

Abstract: An outdoor unit of an air conditioner is provided. The outdoor unit includes a base assembly defining a lower exterior of the outdoor unit and supporting a plurality of components and an accumulator that is installed above the base assembly to filter off liquefied refrigerant from refrigerant entering a compressor. The accumulator includes a mounting unit enabling at least one of other components to be mounted on the accumulator.

Abstract: Rotary absorption heat pump that comprises a rotary unit (1) that comprises a vapour generator (2), a condenser (3), an evaporator (4) and an absorber (5) interconnected to constitute fluid flow trajectories for a volatile fluid component and a liquid absorbing it. The heat pump also comprises heat transmission means for transmitting heat to the vapour generator (2), said heat transmission means comprising a heat exchanger (6) disposed in the rotary unit (1) through which a hot fluid flows, said heat transmission means also comprising adaptor means in order to transfer said hot fluid from a static environment to said heat exchanger (6).

Abstract: A cooling element with a sorption agent (11, 33) that, under vacuum, can sorb a vapor working agent, which evaporates from a liquid amount of working agent in an evaporator region (16, 22), and with a shutoff device, which, before initiating the cooling process, keeps the working agent vapor from being able to flow to the sorption agent (11, 33), and where the sorption agent (11, 33) and the evaporator region (16, 22) are surrounded by a multilayer film (1, 6, 31, 32) and the evaporator region (16, 22) contains a nonwoven (5, 36) and a flexible structural material (2, 35), which together can take on a flat flexible shape under vacuum, that can be pressed onto the containers (14, 24) that are to be cooled, and the structural material (2, 35), after the start of the cooling element, can conduct the working agent vapor up to the sorption agent (11, 33) and keep a flow cross section of at least 1 square centimeter (cm2) open for the working agent vapor.

Abstract: A supercritical refrigeration cycle system (10) having a simplified flow path configuration comprises a compressor (1) for sucking in and compressing a refrigerant, a radiator (2) for radiating the heat of the high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor (1), a high-pressure control valve (5) and a superheat control valve (12) into which the high-pressure refrigerant flowing out of the radiator (2) flows after being distributed, a first evaporator (6) for evaporating the influent refrigerant decompressed by the high-pressure control valve (5), and a second evaporator (9) for evaporating the influent refrigerant decompressed by the superheat control valve (12). The outlet of the second evaporator (9) and the inlet of the first evaporator (6) are connected to each other by the refrigerant path (13) in such a manner that the refrigerant flowing out of the second evaporator (9) flows into the first evaporator (6).

Abstract: An air-conditioning device includes a refrigeration cycle having components such as, e.g., a compressor for compressing a refrigerant, a condenser and an evaporator. At least some of the components of the refrigeration cycle are held in their functional position by a mounting in the form of housing shells, which they share. The housing shells consists of a foamed plastic material, e.g. of expanded polypropylene (EPP). An additional metal sheet or plastic housing is not required.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for detecting a leak in a closed loop heat transfer system comprising monitoring the pressure of the heat transfer composition inside said heat transfer system, wherein a drop in pressure indicates a leak. Also disclosed is a heat transfer system comprising an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, an expander and a device for measuring internal system pressure. The system pressure measuring device is disposed inside the closed loop heat system. The internal system pressure measuring means may be located either between the evaporator and the condenser, between the expander and the evaporator, between the compressor and the condenser, or between the condenser and the expander.

Abstract: In an integrated unit including an evaporator and an ejector located inside a tank of the evaporator, a first vibration-isolating seal member and a second vibration-isolating seal member are disposed in a gap between an outer surface of the ejector and an inner surface of the tank. The first vibration-isolating seal member is located between a refrigerant discharge port and a refrigerant suction port of the ejector in a longitudinal direction, and the second vibration-isolating seal member is located between a refrigerant flow inlet of the ejector and the refrigerant suction port in the longitudinal direction. Furthermore, the first vibration-isolating seal member has a seal capability lower than that of the second vibration-isolating seal member, and a vibration isolation capability higher than that of the second vibration-isolating seal member.

Abstract: A collection container for a heat exchanger, in particular for a refrigerant condenser of a motor vehicle, the collection container having at least one inlet opening for a fluid, in particular refrigerant, and the collection container having at least one outlet opening for the fluid, in which in addition the outer jacket of the collection container limits a cross-sectional surface of the internal chamber in each of a number of cross-sections regarded perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the collection container, and in which the surface content of these cross-sectional surfaces of the internal chamber limited by the outer jacket has different sizes in at least two cross-sections situated at a distance from one another in the longitudinal direction of the collection container.

Abstract: An evaporator includes a pair of header tanks arranged one above the other at a spacing, a plurality of heat exchange tubes arranged in parallel between the pair of header tanks and having opposite ends joined to the respective header tanks, and fins arranged between respective left-to-right adjacent pairs of heat exchange tubes. The lower header tank includes a tank forming member and a tube connecting plate joined to the tank forming member. The tube connecting plate has a plurality of drain guides arranged at a spacing in a left-right direction. The drain guides each include a cutout portion formed in an upper surface cover portion of the tube connecting plate for covering the upper surface of the tank forming member to a side cover portion of the plate for covering a side face of the member. The amount of condensation water to be collected on the top surface of the lower tank can be diminished.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cooler for a transformer using a generation cycle to eliminate the heat applied to the transformer. The insulation oil heated in the transformer gasifies the refrigerant in the refrigerant boiler and the insulation oil is cooled by the latent heat of evaporation of the refrigerant. The gasified refrigerant exhausts out the heat in the condenser and it becomes liquefied. The liquefied refrigerant returns to the refrigerant boiler by the refrigerant feeding pump or by gravity. The present invention is very effective with respect to operating cost and reliability.

Abstract: A heat exchanger unit is disclosed, the heat exchanger unit including a first tube element unit, a second tube element unit, and an engine machine apparatus having an expansion step unit and a compression step unit. Each of the tube element units is adapted to condition a fluid flowing therethrough. Desirably, the fluid is compressed in the compression step unit and expanded in the expansion step unit in such a manner that technical operation is transferred from the expansion step unit to the compression step unit so that an inner recovery of energy is made possible.

Abstract: A process is provided for denitrogenation of a crude LNG stream. A crude LNG stream comprising between about 1% and 10% nitrogen, and the remainder methane and heavier hydrocarbons, is expanded in a means for expansion, and cooled. Resultant crude LNG stream is introduced into nitrogen rejection column, wherein nitrogen content of LNG is reduced. A nitrogen-enriched vapor stream is withdrawn from top of the column, and a nitrogen-diminished liquid stream is withdrawn from bottom of the column. The nitrogen-diminished bottoms LNG stream is pumped to higher pressure and then divided into two streams. The second stream is reduced in pressure and then passed through reboiler heat exchanger, thus cooling the crude LNG stream. Partially vaporized second stream is reinjected into column at a level above the level of withdrawal of nitrogen-diminished bottoms LNG stream and below the level of introduction of crude LNG feed stream to provide column boilup.

Abstract: An article of jewelry that includes removably interlocked links.

Abstract: A finger ring comprising a shank with a commemorative outer surface design and a dihedral setting pivotably-mounted in an aperture in the shank and having a design element on at least one face of the setting. In an embodiment, the design element on at least one face of the setting is co-commemorative with the design on the shank. In an alternate embodiment a finger ring is disclosed with a uniformly-tapered shank having an ornamented outer surface and a setting pivotably-mounted in an aperture in the shank. The setting has first and second faces, and in an embodiment one of the faces comprises a design element that is co-commemorative with a design element on the shank.

Abstract: An arcuate-shaped ring guard for use in combination with a circular finger ring for reducing the interior circumference of the finger ring. The arcuate-shaped ring guard includes an arcuate ring reducer member being substantially crescent shaped. The ring reducer member includes an outer curved perimeter wall surface, and an interior wall surface, and opposing side wall surfaces for forming the ring reducer member. The arcuate-shaped ring guard further includes a pair of offset adjustable flange members that are attached to each of the opposing side wall surfaces of the ring reducer member in a spaced-apart and in an offset manner. Each of the offset adjustable flange members includes a first end and a second end. Each of the second ends of the offset adjustable flange members are placed adjacent to and in contact with the exterior band surface of the finger ring and are wrapped around the exterior band surface of the finger ring.

Abstract: A universal ring setting for receiving different size gemstone crown heads for mounting different size diamonds or gemstones. The universal ring setting includes a gemstone crown head for supporting a gemstone. The crown head includes a housing having a plurality of holding prongs, and an interior cavity for receiving and mounting the gemstone therein, and having a bottom circular edge with a notch formed therein. The universal ring setting includes a ring shank for encircling a finger of a user, the ring shank has an upper shank section with an integrally attached crossbar member formed thereon. The crossbar member is used for detachably receiving the notch of the crown head thereon for cooperatively mounting of the crown head to the upper shank section of the ring shank.