Abstract: An apparatus and method for an inexpensive, simple to make, self-aligning molded waveguide made of an optically transparent material and that can be used to generate a grid or lamina of light for use with touch screen displays. The molded waveguide substrate includes a plurality of lenses and a plurality of waveguide grooves corresponding to the plurality of integral lenses respectively. After the substrate is molded, the grooves are filled with an optically transparent material to optically couple and align the plurality of lenses and the plurality of grooves respectively. In one application, the molded waveguide substrate is positioned adjacent a touch screen device. A light transmitter and an imaging device are optically coupled to the molded waveguide substrate, and a processing device is coupled to the imaging device.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for fabricating planar waveguiding structures with embedded microchannels. The method includes the step of depositing, over a planar template having at least one indented feature comprising a ridge of a first optical material and a narrow trench adjacent thereto, a second optical material, and the step of subsequent annealing thereof, so that an embedded hollow microchannel forms within the trench. The method provides planar structures wherein the ridge and the embedded microchannel cooperate to form an optical waveguiding structure having a waveguiding direction collinear with the embedded microchannel. Embodiments of the method for forming microfluidic devices integrating ridge waveguides with hollow microchannels having surface access points for fluid delivery, and for forming photonic crystals, are disclosed together with corresponding device embodiments.

Abstract: An enclosure for housing fiber optic splices between a fiber optic distribution cable and fiber optic customer drop cables includes a first door providing access to a first area of the enclosure housing couplers for receiving terminals of customer drop cables. The enclosure also includes a second door providing access to a second area of the enclosure for accommodating slices in one or more distribution cables. The second area is not accessible via the first area.

Abstract: A telecommunications cable management system includes trough elements including a planar top surface and sides for cable routing and management. The trough elements are made from separate parts assembled together with a mating arrangement. The mating arrangement allows assembly of the system on site, such as by snapping the parts together. The trough elements are then assembled together to form the cable management system.

Abstract: A fiber distribution hub includes a panel mounted within and pivotally movable relative to an enclosure. One or more connector holders are carried by the panel. The connector holders are provided at a connector storage location. The connector holders have a construction different than a functional fiber optic adapter.

Abstract: A computing system such as a Programmable Video Recorder (PVR) receives broadcast data and enhanced file-state data from a data source. The broadcast data may include multimedia data. The enhanced file-state data may include web-based data such as ATVEF data. The PVR buffers the broadcast data and the enhanced file-state data in a backing store that is associated with the PVR. The PVR also creates an index for indexing the enhanced file-state data so that, when the broadcast data is rendered, the correct file-state data can be located and rendered at the appropriate time with the broadcast data. The index may classify the enhanced file-state data by GUID, sequence number, and valid start and end times associated with corresponding broadcast data. The index may also include pointers for locating the enhanced file-state data from the buffer of the PVR.

Abstract: An index validation system comprises a processor and a validator accessible by the processor. The validator is adapted to access index data corresponding to video data and validate the index data after editing of the video data.

Abstract: A reproducing apparatus performing reproduction of a play list by inserting a frozen image when the length of data of a clip to be referred by the play list is smaller than the minimum unit which is capable of continuing reproduction of video/audio (Continuous Data Area (CDA)), or by combining the clip equal to or smaller than the CDA with part of another clip to be referred by the play list to generate a new combined clip having a length equal to or longer than the CDA, and changing a reference clip in the play list into the combined clip.

Abstract: A method for repairing video/audio files of multimedia video/audio disks is provided. The disclosed method may repair the fields with errors in the video/audio files after recording by utilizing the rewritable characteristic of rewritable optical disks. The errors caused by the video/audio instantaneous editing and recording platform may be reduced according to the disclosed method such that the repaired films may play fast forward/backward smoothly, perform Time Search function accurately, and display presentation time correctly, and are compatible to players of different specifications.

Abstract: For reproduction of transport stream (TS) from a recording medium, it is necessary to control the reproduction so as not to overflow the decoder buffer at the time of starting the reproduction and or when switching to the normal reproduction from special reproduction. At the times of starting the TS reproduction from a recording medium and switching between the normal reproduction and the special reproduction, selection is made as appropriate between a reproduction technique which performs stream output with timing similar to the input timing used for recording, and another reproduction technique which monitors data amount stored up in a decoder buffer and controls stream output in accordance with the controlled data amount.

Abstract: A method for displaying video data instantly in reverse order is disclosed. According to the method, a compressed audio and video (A/V) stream is received from a source. The compressed A/V stream is demultiplexed into an audio stream and a video stream. The video stream has a number of compressed video frames which include a number of key frames. Each key frame is followed by one or more associated frames. Each of the compressed video frames is tagged with a tag. The tag associated with each key frame and file position of each key frame is stored in a table. The compressed video frames are decoded to generate a number of decoded video frames while maintaining their corresponding tags. During normal play, the decoded video frames are stored in a forward queue, and the decoded video frames in the forward queue are then outputted in a FIFO (first-in-first-out) order to a reverse queue and a display device for display.

Abstract: A terminal device for recording broadcast information including means to select a program to be recorded; first and second filter means for discerning program information relative to the program being recorded; and means to record related audio and video data relative to the selected recorded program and the location of that selected program on the recording medium.

Abstract: An image recording method and system according to the present invention includes an image-recorder unit, which records images acquired by different image-obtaining units such as a digital camera and a digital video camera. The system also includes a time period displaying unit which displays time periods indicating different time periods on a screen, and a recorded image-display unit, which displays information about images recorded by the image-recorder unit on the screen for each of the different image-obtaining units so that a time related to each of the images acquired is displayed relative to times indicated by the time periods.

Abstract: A plurality of audio object (AOB) files and a plurality of picture object (POB) files are stored. Default Play list Information and sets of Playlist Information each show an order in which AOBs stored in the plurality of AOB files are to be reproduced. The DPLGI includes DPLI_POB_SRPs that specify at least one POB to be displayed during the playback period of AOBs indicated by the playback order given in the Default Playlist Information. The TKGI includes TKI_POB_SRPs that specify at least one POB to be displayed only during the playback period of a particular AOB out of the AOBs indicated by the playback order given in the Default Playlist Information.

Abstract: A recording medium has a first area storing an audio title set. The audio title set contains a plurality of audio objects including a first audio object and a second audio object. The first audio object consists of first packs having audio data. The second audio object includes second packs having audio data and a third pack having real-time information related to the audio data in the second packs. The recording medium has a second area storing a still-picture set. The still-picture set includes a fourth pack having still-picture data related to the audio data in the first packs and the audio data in the second packs.

Abstract: An electronic circuit has a DVD-ROM controller, an MPEG decoder and a single memory controller. The DVD-ROM controller controls a Disk drive loader to obtain encoded data from a removable media, such as a DVD disk or a VCD disk. The DVD-ROM controller also performs an ECC decoding process to obtain decoded data from the encoded data, and stores the decoded data in an external memory. The MPEG decoder decodes graphics data held in the external memory to generate video data and audio data. The memory controller provides read and write access to the external memory for both the DVD-ROM controller and the MPEG decoder. The MPEG decoder performs an MPEG decoding process on the decoded data held in the external memory to generate the video data.

Abstract: A method for parking a drive in a video recorder comprising the steps of (A) applying main power to the video recorder, (B) parking the drive in response to applying main power to the video recorder, (C) placing the video recorder in a standby mode, (D) presenting a user with a setup request to (i) setup the video recorder in the standby mode or (ii) enter into a normal mode, (E) if the user selects to setup the video recorder, continue parking the drive, and (F) if the user selects to enter into the normal mode, unparking the drive to allow the video recorder to access the drive.

Abstract: A removable heat inducer may be used in either a heated regulator or a fluid heater. The removable heat inducer has various embodiments. In one embodiment, helical threads are formed on the outside surface of the inducer. The inducer expands when heated causing the crest of the threads to come into contact with the inside surface of a heating chamber to form a spiral fluid passageway which promotes better heat exchange between the fluid and the heating element. In a first alternative embodiment of the inducer, a series of walled partitions and slots are formed on the outside surface of the inducer, which likewise expand and contact the inside surface of the heating chamber to form a dead head flow passageway. Again, the purpose of the passageway is to promote efficient heat exchange. In a second alternative embodiment of the removable heat inducer, a plurality of rods are placed in the heating chamber to promote heat exchange. The spaces between the rods form passageways for the fluid.

Abstract: An electric heater and a fan are enclosed within a cylindrical case for blowing warmed air from one end of the case. The case is supported at a distal end by a flexible strut enabling selective positioning of the case for directing the warmed air in a preferred direction. The flexible strut is rotationally engaged in a base. The base supports the flexible strut and the case in a selectable orientation. A lamp is fixed to the underside of the case in a position for directing illumination downwardly; the lamp positioned such that a forward end of the case provides shadowing of the light from a baby's eyes.

Abstract: Resistance-heated ceramic vaporizer boat (10) comprising an elongated vaporizer body having an upper side (1) and a lower side (2) being parallel to each other, and the vaporizer body having plane lateral side surfaces (3) being non-parallel to each other, wherein each of said lateral side surfaces (3) is inclined by an angle of 45° with respect to the upper side (1). Preferably, the end portions at the longitudinal ends of the vaporizer body are reduced, at the lower side (2) thereof, to a predetermined partial thickness (t), whereby a cavity at the upper side (1) of the vaporizer body can be omitted.

Abstract: A filament lamp in which the article to be treated can be uniformly heated, and in which the disadvantage of poor sealing or the like does not arise even in the case of inserting a host of metal foils into a hermetically sealed portion is achieved in a filament lamp in the bulb of which there are several filament bodies, in which filaments and leads for supply of power to the filaments are connected to one another, and in which, on an end of the bulb, there is a hermetically sealed portion in which there is a rod-shaped sealing insulator on the periphery of which several electrically conductive components that are connected to the filaments are arranged spaced from one another.

Abstract: A camera casing 100 accommodates therein a shake correction unit 2 for oscillatingly supporting an image sensor 20, a control circuit board 6 loaded with electronic components such as ASIC 61 and a driving control circuit 62, and a viewfinder section 7 for allowing a user to confirm a field to be photographed. The shake correction unit 2, the control circuit board 6, and the viewfinder section 7 are arranged in proximity to each other on planes substantially identical to each other. The shake correction unit 2 has a first driving unit 3a arranged on the side of a side portion 20b of the image sensor 20 to apply an oscillating force to the image sensor 20 to oscillate the image sensor 20 in a first direction (pitch direction shown by the arrows p in FIG.

Abstract: A lens barrel includes a radially-retractable optical element constituting a part of a photographing optical system, the radially-retractable optical element being movable between a photographing position located on an optical axis of the photographing optical system, and a radially-retracted position located on an off-optical-axis position; a swing member which is rotatable about a rotation axis extending parallel to the optical axis, the swing member being associated with the radially-retractable optical element so as to move the radially-retractable optical element from the photographing position to the radially-retracted position by a forward rotation thereof and from the radially-retracted position to the photographing position by rearward rotation thereof; and a retracted position holding device for maintaining the radially-retractable optical element in the retracted position when the swing member further rotates in the forward direction even after the radially-retractable optical element reaches the r

Abstract: A cellular telephone handset has a built-in image pickup device. A lid shaped reception unit is slidable on a transmission unit or main body between closed and open positions, lies on a first surface of the main body when in the closed position, and uncovers at least part of the first surface when in the open position. An image sensor to pick up an image is contained in the main body. A first lens element receives object light incident thereon. Plural second lens elements in the main body have an optical axis extending in a sliding direction of the lid shaped reception unit, for introducing the object light to the image sensor. A path bending prism introduces the object light to the second lens elements by changing an optical path of the object light from the first lens element. An optical path length of the second lens elements is changeable.

Abstract: A focus detection system including a sensor unit including a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements and a focus detection unit for performing focus adjustment using a pair of signals output from the sensor unit. In the sensor unit, an aperture corresponding to each of the photoelectric conversion elements positioned in the outer area is smaller than an aperture corresponding to each of the photoelectric conversion elements positioned in the central area. In the focus detection unit, the pair of signals is formed by pencils of rays passing through different regions of an exit pupil of an imaging lens.

Abstract: A mobile communication terminal with a camera and a dual-display unit, whereby, in an image capturing mode, a first display unit displays an image of a subject received through a camera in real time and a second display unit displays a still image of the subject captured according to an image capture command signal received from a user, and in an image editing mode, when one of at least two or more images displayed on the first display unit is selected, the selected image is displayed on the second display unit, and at the same time, when a certain function icon provided to the first display nit is selected, a function allocated to the selected function icon is executed. An image of a camera preview and a captured image are displayed on each different display unit, so a user can capture a moment an image is to be captured and check the recently captured image by naked eyes, enhancing user convenience and providing fun to users.

Abstract: A single-lens-reflex digital camera in which an optical image of an object that is to be photographed via a photographing lens is reflected by a main mirror to be formed on a focusing screen so that the optical image is viewed through a viewfinder while the main mirror is retracted from an optical path of the photographing lens to capture an image of the object by an image pickup device, the single-lens-reflex digital camera includes an electroluminescent display provided on the focusing screen, wherein the electroluminescent display displays at least the object image captured by the image pickup device. The single-lens-reflex digital camera is configured to allow the object image displayed by the electroluminescent display and the optical image formed on the focusing screen to be viewed through the viewfinder.

Abstract: A hand tool has two digital video cameras mounted thereon adjacent to a working end of the tool for viewing a work site, which video cameras are connected to a pair of liquid crystal displays (LCDs) mounted on the tool proximate a control end of the tool. The hand tool includes a barrel with a handle at the control end and a control operator for activating the tool, wherein the control operator is in operative relationship with the handle and wherein the working end of the tool is positioned at the end of the barrel opposite the control end of the tool. In an illustrated example, the cameras and LCDs are mounted on a pneumatic nut runner with a T-head tool drive.

Abstract: A digital camera has a printed circuit board which comprises a main area and a flexible area. An optical sensor chip (e.g. a CCD) is fixed onto the flexible area. The flexible area has flexible character relative to the main area. Therefore, even if the printed circuit board is stressed, such stress will be almost or completely eliminated in the flexible area, so that the optical sensor chip and an optical lens can be coupled together in a precise manner.

Abstract: A correction filter used in the exposure for forming a phosphor screen includes three kinds of correction filters consisting of a grading filter, a monochroic local correction filter and a multi-color local correction filter. With the use of three kinds of correction filters, it is possible to improve the whiteness uniformity which may be degraded due to the wall thickness difference at the center and a peripheral portion of a panel portion of a flat-face-type color cathode ray tube.

Abstract: A method is provided for locating a fault in one or more optical amplifiers operating in saturation and located along an optical transmission path. The method begins by generating a coherent optical time domain reflectometry (COTDR) trace representing a backscattered and/or reflected optical power level along the transmission path and comparing the trace to a reference trace to generate a difference trace that represents a change in gain. The change in gain is assigned to at least one of the optical amplifiers based on the difference trace. The method comprises assigning the difference trace to faults in the optical amplifiers, equating the difference trace with a linear combination of difference trace vectors each arising from a fault in a different one of the optical amplifiers, and iterating to determine a coefficient value associated with each difference trace vector. Each nonzero coefficient value denotes a fault in an optical amplifier.

Abstract: Provided are an optical transponder that processes a G.709 frame that includes an overhead for operation, administration, and maintenance of an optical channel and an overhead for forward error correction, and a method of detecting and treating errors in optical-channel sublayers of the same. The method includes detecting an error signal or a maintenance signal from a G.709 frame that includes an overhead for operation, administration, and maintenance of an optical channel and an overhead for forward error correction; treating errors in a predetermined layer of a plurality of layers that requires error treatment when the error signal or the maintenance signal is detected or canceled; and investigating a reason for the errors in the predetermined layer.

Abstract: A transceiver module having transmit data lines looped back to receive data lines that emulates faults without requiring optical subassemblies inside the module or optical test equipment external to the module. That data lines can be buffered for transparent probing of signals. One or more values directing emulation of a fault are received, such as over a two wire serial interface, and the fault is emulated. The values can be values for electronic pins of the transceiver module, values for operation status of the transceiver module or values for characteristics of signals within the transceiver module.

Abstract: Disclosed is a device and method for optical supervisory channel framing in an optical transport network system including at least one of an optical transmission section, an optical multiplex section, and an optical channel section. A maintenance signal is generated according to a first LOS (Loss OF Signal) signal generated from at least one of the optical transmission section, the optical multiplex section, and the optical channel section. The maintenance signal and a frame-related channel such as a message communication channel are multiplexed to generate an optical supervisory channel frame. The optical supervisory channel frame is output to another device including a repeater and a terminal system through a single supervisory channel.

Abstract: Provided is a WDM-PON system based on a wavelength-tunable ECL. A method of controlling an upstream optical wavelength of an ONT in WDM-PON system, the method comprises: determining upstream optical wavelength information of the ONT corresponding to a downstream optical wavelength predetermined to the ONT newly installed by being connected to a network; in an OLT, loading the determined upstream optical wavelength information onto the downstream optical wavelength assigned to the ONT and transmitting the loaded upstream optical wavelength information to the ONT; in the ONT, generating an upstream optical wavelength based on the upstream optical wavelength information transmitted by being loaded on the downstream optical wavelength from the OLT; and in the ONT, loading upstream data onto the generated upstream optical wavelength and transmitting the loaded upstream data to the OLT.

Abstract: Provided are a passive optical network system and a method of transmitting a broadcasting signal in the same system. A central office (CO) generates a broadcasting signal and a downstream optical data signal using a coding method guaranteeing a run-length, multiplexes the downstream optical data signal and the broadcasting signal, and transmits the multiplexed downstream optical data signal and broadcasting signal. A remote node (RN) transmits the multiplexed downstream optical data signal and broadcasting signal received from the CO to one or more optical network units (ONUs). A gain medium, which is located on a transmission line between the CO and the RN, amplifies the broadcasting signal using the downstream optical data signal as a pump light source. Accordingly, a high gain can be obtained by amplifying the broadcasting signal using the gain medium located on the transmission line without a separate pump light source.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a wavelength allocation method of signal light, which is capable of consecutively allocating signal lights efficiently on wavelength grids, while suppressing degradation in transmission characteristic due to the generation of four-wave mixed light in an optical transmission path. To this end, according to the wavelength allocation method of signal light, the consecutive allocation wavelength number of signal lights to be allocated consecutively on the wavelength grids, is set to different values according to wavelength bands, based on wavelength dependence of a generation amount of four-wave mixed light on the optical transmission path, and the signal lights are allocated consecutively on the wavelength grids in accordance with this consecutive allocation wavelength number, but the signal light is not allocated on at bas one wavelength grid adjacent to the wavelength grids on which a group or signal light are allocated consecutively.

Abstract: An optical communications system has a transmitter which uses modulation using multiple level phase and/or amplitude modulation, and is adaptable to provide modulation for different signals using different selections of the multiple levels. A receiver is able to perform demodulation from the multiple level phase and/or amplitude modulation, and is adaptable to provide demodulation of signals modulated using the different selections of the multiple levels. This provides an adaptive modulation system, so that different bit rates can be employed for different links.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for performing electronic equalization in optical communication systems. Coefficient values in equalizers, such as feed forward equalizers or decision feedback equalizers, are updated using higher-order algorithms in the Least-Mean-2Nth-Order family. An optical receiver includes a photo-detector for converting a received optical signal to an electrical signal; and an equalizer for removing intersymbol interference from the electrical signal, wherein coefficients of the equalizer are updated based upon a least-mean 2Nth-order (LMN) algorithm (N is greater than one). Feed forward equalizer and decision feedback equalizer implementations are disclosed. The non-symmetric nature of optical noise is addressed by varying A slicer threshold based on an incoming signal distribution to reduce bit errors.

Abstract: A backup system, apparatus and method to provide a backup of information associated with replaceable devices in an image forming apparatus, such as a color printer. The information may include information representing use of the replaceable devices. The image forming apparatus may include a system memory for storing the replaceable device information. A backup memory may be located on at least one of the replaceable devices to provide a backup of the replaceable device information. The backup memory may allow the replaceable device information to be transferred to another image forming apparatus, for example, when exchanging replaceable devices from a failing apparatus to a replacement apparatus.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a photoconductor, an electrifying member, a high voltage applying unit for applying to the electrifying member a high voltage in which a DC component of a constant voltage on an AC component of a constant current are superposed, a DC current measuring unit for measuring a DC current value flowing from the electrifying member to the photoconductor when the photoconductor is electrified, and a controller for integrating the DC current value measured by the DC current measuring unit for an application time of the DC component to the photoconductor, calculating an electrostatic charge quantity of a DC current flowing into an electrostatic capacitance unit constituting the AC generator and subtracting the electrostatic charge quantity from the integration result to calculate the electrified charge quantity corresponding to the film thickness of the photoconductive thin film.

Abstract: In an electrographic printing device, an image generating system generates an electrical charge image on an image carrier element. The electronic charge image is made visible by a developer station via charged ink particles, the image being subsequently transferred onto a final image medium and fixed thereon. A speed control is provided which: continuously varies speed of the image carrier element from zero up to a limit speed; adapts charge intensity of the image carrier element to its speed; adapts an exposure intensity for exposure according to the image and in a deletion exposure of the image carrier element to its speed; and keeps a supply of toner to the image carrier element constant per area.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus which can improve image formation capability to a satisfactory degree while curbing the rise in running cost. An image forming device forms adjustment images having different densities on an image support member having a higher optical reflectivity than an optical reflectivity of the adjustment images. A reading reads the adjustment images. An output from the reading device is read at a predetermined number of readings or time interval between readings based on the densities of the adjustment images susceptible to the optical reflectivity of the image support member.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including: an image bearing member having a photoconductive layer of a capacitance per unit area of 1.7×10?6 (F/m2) or more; and a developing device having a developer carrying member to which development voltage is applied for developing a latent image to form a toner image on the image bearing member, wherein the following expression is satisfied: ? Q M ? ? 0.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus which can facilitate acquisition of an image output bundle that has a uniform and optimal gloss level as a whole. An image forming apparatus 10 fixes a toner image on a plurality of sheets. An image ratio calculation unit 233 calculates a composition ratio of image types in a plurality of pages of image data. A gloss level control unit 250 provides a control for uniformly fixing toner images formed on the plurality of pages to the plurality of sheets based on the calculation result by the image ratio calculation unit 233.

Abstract: An embodiment of a fixing apparatus according to the present invention is a fixing apparatus provided with a roller for fixing and a plurality of heat sources that heat a surface of the roller, in which a surface temperature of the roller is detected and controlled at a prescribed temperature while a sheet of recording paper is subjected to pressure and heat by the roller to fix a developer onto the sheet of recording paper, comprising: a plurality of temperature detection means for detecting the surface temperature of the roller, wherein at least one of the temperature detection means is arranged in a position of the roller that does not overlap any of the heat sources when viewed from a peripheral surface side of the roller, or is arranged in a position away from a region of the roller to be controlled at the prescribed temperature.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus having a transfer device transferring a toner image from an intermediate transfer member to a sheet, a sheet feeder feeding the sheet to the transfer device, a sheet re-feeder, which reverses the front side and back side of the sheet to re-feed the sheet to the transfer device, and a controller, which controls the execution of a two-side copying mode, wherein when a feeding of the sheet from the sheet feeder is interrupted with a first toner image to be transferred to another sheet fed from the sheet re-feeder and a second toner image to be transferred to the sheet fed from the sheet feeder being on the intermediate transfer member, the controller controls the transfer device to perform a transfer of the first toner image and inhibit a transfer of the second toner image.

Abstract: An image forming method for forming an image on a paper supplied from a paper storage part of an image forming device includes the steps of reading paper information recorded in a radio IC chip attached to a paper provided in the paper storage part, recording information of a reading order of the read paper information in relation to the paper information, by paper information storage means of the image forming device, recording newly read paper information in the paper information storage means, and performing a printing process by using a paper profile based on paper information whose reading order recorded in the paper information storage means is most recent among read paper information, by printing means.

Abstract: A cleaning unit is provided for cleaning of a transport belt for transport of recording media in a electrographic printer or copying device. An abration element is positioned to avoid toner located on the transport belt. A toner capture reservoir captures abraded toner.

Abstract: A replaceable unit is detachably attached into an image forming apparatus. The replaceable unit includes: a first cover member provided with a through hole that indicates a direction of the attachment and the detachment of the replaceable unit with respect to the image forming apparatus; and a second cover member having a color different from a color of the first cover member, and being formed to block the through hole from inner side of the replaceable unit when the first cover member is attached to the second cover member.