Abstract: A recordable information storage medium having a plurality of information recording layers, where each of the information recording layers of the recordable information storage medium has a plurality of information recording layers each including a lead-in area, a user data area, a lead-out area, and a dedicated area for a drive. The amount of user data to be recorded is divided to allot the data area having the same capacity on each of the information recording layers.

Abstract: The invention provides an optical disk that enables high-speed reproduction of address signals. A wobble address system for optical disk supports various types of synchronization, such as phase synchronization, bit synchronization, word synchronization, etc., to be established easily with high detection reliability with the use of an self-orthogonal code. Thus, the invention provides a method for easily synchronizing an address signal, i.e., high-speed reproduction of the address signal. Further, by virtue of an efficient modulation system of the address signal and redundancy thereof, it becomes possible to detect address information with high reliability. This capability is particularly effective in optical recording/reproduction with a blue light source whose signal light quantity and reproduction quality are prone to reduce.

Abstract: A method and system for a graceful reroute of connections on a link are described. According to one embodiment, in a digital communications network, a method comprises blocking new connections from being established over a link. Old connections are rerouted around the link; and the link is taken out of service.

Abstract: Described are a system and method of communicating status and protection information between cards in a communications system. The system has a plurality of cards connected to a backplane. The plurality of cards includes a tributary card and a cross-connect card for forwarding data traffic between cards in the network element. The backplane has a link that is dedicated to carrying out-of-band signals between the tributary card and the cross-connect card. The tributary card transmits information to the cross-connect card in a first out-of-band signal over the link and the cross-connect card broadcasts the information to the plurality of cards in the network element in a second out-of-band signal.

Abstract: A proxy response apparatus is equipped with a module that obtains and retains request messages and response messages exchanged between a client and main and backup servers, a module for detecting a failure in the main server, a module for sending to the backup server requests retained when a failure occurs in the main server, a module for receiving responses from the backup server, a module for detecting communications status between the client and the main server at the time the failure occurred, and a module for responding in place of the main server in order to resume communicating state from the previous state.

Abstract: An IP-PBX has a software-based built-in control unit, a card slot into which a control card is plugged, and a data bus connecting the software-based control unit and the card slot. The software-based control unit includes a first management unit managing up to a first number of IP terminals, and an IP terminal registering unit connected to the first management unit and the card slot. The control card includes a second management unit managing up to a second number of IP terminals. The IP terminal registering unit compares a current number of IP terminals managed by the first management unit with the first number when an IP terminal requests communication. The IP terminal has an ID number and an IP address. If the current number is smaller than the first number, the IP terminal registering unit associates the first management unit with the ID number and the IP address, and the first management unit manages the IP terminal.

Abstract: Interlayer-coordinated communication-line switching in a network including two layers, each having a switching function. In the present invention, a communication apparatus which (1) is connected with a network including (i) lower layer apparatus which are connected with communication lines of a lower layer and communication lines of an upper layer and conducts line switching in the lower layer and (ii) upper layer apparatuses which are connected with the communication lines of the upper layer and have means for line switching in the upper layer and (2) detects line failure and coordinates line switching using failure information on the lower and upper layer communication lines.

Abstract: A multi-chassis network device sends state information to internal consumers within the multi-chassis device via a hierarchical distribution. As one example, a primary master routing engine within a control node of a multi-chassis router forwards state information to local routing engines within other chassis, which in turn distribute the state information to consumers on each chassis. Each local routing engine defers sending acknowledgement to the master routing engine until acknowledgements have been received from all consumers serviced by the local routing engine. Embodiments of the invention may reduce control plane data traffic and convergence times associated with distribution of state updates in the multi-chassis network device.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and apparatus for facilitating reliable session based communication with a local host via a subnet of redundant network devices that also implement network address translation (NAT) or the like. In general, embodiments of the present invention include mechanisms for reestablishing access to a local host after the local host's active network device has failed and been replaced by a new active network device with an address space that differs from the failed network device. In this invention, the network devices associated with the same local host also implement NAT, or the like. In brief, for each of its associated local hosts, the new active network device causes an address server to be updated with a new public address that is assigned from its address space to the local host. This update allows other remote hosts access to the local hosts by obtaining the updated address information from the address server.

Abstract: A fast ring switchover is enabled in packet level processing at the time of ring configuration, and as a result, a system switchover function can be implemented in an Ethernet switch or the like by a ring switchover method in a network constituted of layer 2 switches connected in a ring shape, each layer 2 switch having a path control function and a failure detection function. The ring switchover method includes the steps of providing in each layer 2 switch an address learning table in which a Media Access Control (MAC) address and a corresponding port are stored; on detection of a link failure between mutually neighboring layer 2 switches, transmitting a failure notification frame packet from each neighboring layer 2 switch; and in the layer 2 switch having received the failure notification frame, recording a Media Access Control (MAC) address of said layer 2 switch into the failure notification frame, and transferring the failure notification frame to a neighboring layer 2 switch.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for recovery from faults in a loop network (500) is provided. The loop network (500) has a plurality of ports (520, 530, 532, 534) serially connected with means for bypassing the ports (520, 530, 532, 534) from the loop network (500). A control device (522, 524) is provided with bypass control over at least one of the ports (530, 532, 534). A host means (502) sends a command to the control device (522, 524) at regular intervals and the control device (522, 524) has a counter which restarts a time period at the receipt of each command. If the time period expires, the control device (522, 524) activates the means for bypassing all the ports (530, 532, 534) under its control. The loop network (500) may have two loops (516, 518) with at least some of the ports (520, 530, 532, 534) common to both loops (516, 518).

Abstract: Virtually-concatenated data traffic is routed in a network comprising at least first and second nodes. The first and second nodes may comprise a source-sink node pair, an ingress-egress node pair, or any other pair of network nodes. For a given traffic demand, a plurality of routes for routing the traffic demand through the network are determined. Each of the routes corresponds to a member of a virtually-concatenated group, such that different portions of the traffic demand are assigned to different members of the virtually-concatenated group.

Abstract: A method for troubleshooting broadband connections, e.g., a digital subscriber line (DSL) connections, includes detecting a problem with the broadband connection at an end device. Then, a determination is made as to whether the problem can be resolved at the end device. After determining that the end device cannot resolve the problem, a request is sent to a data network connection device connected remotely to the end device to attempt to determine the cause of the problem. In particular embodiment, the problem at the end device can be resolved based on information obtained by the data network connection device. Further, the problem at the end device can be resolved based on information obtained by the end device.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for use in a network including a local server coupled to a central server, the local server being coupled to a plurality of network devices, for interactively controlling from one of the plurality of network devices a flow of audio visual data from the central server to the network device, comprising obtaining a control command at the network device, the control command indicating a desired modification to the flow of the audio visual data from the central server to the network device. The control command is sent from the network device to the central server via the local server. A modified flow of the audio visual data is then received from the central server at the network device in response to the control command.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention prioritizes resource utilization in a multi-thread processor. A priority register stores thread information for P threads. The thread information includes P priority codes corresponding to the P threads, at least one of the P threads requesting use of at least one resource unit. A priority selector generates assignment signal to assign the at least one resource unit to the at least one of the P threads according to the P priority codes.

Abstract: A system and method for facilitating the efficient operation of a mobile station as it transfers from communicating via one wireless data network to another. A session control node is coupled to the mobile node in such a manner that it selectively buffers data being transmitted to the mobile node, at least while the network transfer is being executed. When the mobile node had dropped its communication session with a first wireless network and established a new communication session with a second wireless network, the buffered data is read out and transmitted to the mobile node. The session control node may be coupled with a home network associated with the mobile node or a control node may be associated with the mobile node on an ad hoc basis.

Abstract: Method and system for managing frame traffic in a Fibre Channel network with plural switch elements with receive and transmit ports is provided. The method includes limiting a number of R_RDYs sent between frames, when frames are waiting to be transmitted at a given time, for minimizing a number of ordered sets transmitted between frames. The switch element includes a R_RDY control module that stores a number of R_RDYs that a port has to send, stores an actual number of R_RDYs that are sent since a last frame is transmitted; stores a number of R_RDYs that are sent between frames and this number of R_RDYs can be programmed to be less than two; and stores a threshold value that is less than or equal to a maximum R_RDY count value.

Abstract: The invention provides an improved architecture for credit based flow control. Briefly, the memory space within the receiving switch is separated into two parts, a statically allocated portion and a dynamically allocated portion. Packets are first placed in the dynamically allocated portion, and the credits are returned immediately. When the dynamically allocated portion has no additional space, the packets are then stored in the memory portion statically allocated to the specific virtual circuit. Credits are returned when the packets are removed from the statically allocated memory portion. This scenario allows the immediate return of credits when there is space available in the dynamically allocated memory portion. It also allows improved sharing of the overall memory since more of the overall memory can be made available to a particular virtual circuit.

Abstract: Wirelessly-linked, distributed resource control (RCS1-RCSn, RCSB, RCC, ARM) supports a wireless communication system (50) for operation in non-exclusive spectrum (24-29). An available resource map (ARM) contains resource availability information gathered by mobile stations (MS1-MSn), and a wired communication channel supports sharing of resource control information among fixed-site stations (BS).

Abstract: In an IP packet communication apparatus, an operation and maintenance function capable of monitoring a transmission path is provided to a layer used to process a packet, which corresponds to an upper layer of an optical network. As one method for applying the operation and maintenance function to the packet layer, in the case of IP over PPP over WDM, an operation/maintenance frame is defined to a PPP frame so as to realize the operation/maintenance function of a PPP connection. In the case that a plurality of connections are multiplexed on the same transmission path, a maintenance frame is conducted in order to operate/manage these connections by being grouped, so that a fault occurring in the optical network is monitored. As another method for applying the operation and maintenance function to the packet layer, an operation/maintenance frame is defined to an IP packet so as to realize an operation and maintenance function of an IP flow.

Abstract: This present invention simplifies the installation work, the initialization, the operation confirmation, and the test run work of a monitor terminal in a field site that monitors a monitor object. Communication information and management information, such as a telephone number used to communicate with a communication terminal in a field site at test run time, are integrated. For example, the common values (default values) are set in the communication terminal, which will communicate with a monitoring apparatus, as communication information (IP address, user ID, password) to allow the monitoring apparatus to communicate with the communication terminal by setting only the telephone number of the communication terminal in the monitoring apparatus. During a test run, the monitoring apparatus performs operation to change the communication information and the management information in the communication terminal to the information suitable for a production run.

Abstract: A system for managing and documenting a local area communications network is provided which deploys power sourcing equipment and powered devices by the use of active electronic modules, having an Ethernet controller and Power over Ethernet forwarding capabilities, as integral, managed components within the cable plant, to enhance management, documentation, security and emergency 911 aspects of the network as well as extending the physical reach of the network.

Abstract: An information processing system comprises an information processing apparatus, a switch, and a storage device, wherein the first communication ports and the third communication ports are connected to the second communication ports. When a response from a storage device to a data input/output request is not received within a predetermined time period, the information processing apparatus transmits a second and a third data input/output requests from the first communication port on the first communication channel, and transmits an inspection request to the switch to inspect a second communication port on the first communication channel. When responses to the second and third data input/output requests are not received within a predetermined time period, and a response to the inspection request is received within a predetermined time period, the information processing apparatus determines that there is a fault in the first communication port on the first communication channel.

Abstract: A system and method to test voice quality over a call path on a packet based network. A call signaling path is established between a first voice quality tester (VQT) and a second VQT. The call signaling path includes one among multiple call signaling stacks, each operating according to a particular call signaling protocol. By using a graphical user interface (GUI), a user can select the call signaling stack to be used, and change between call signaling stacks in real time.

Abstract: A system and method for electronically identifying connections established through a cross-connect system provides for identification of all hard-wired and temporary patch connections, and any modifications made to same. Connection identification and status information is acquired in near real-time and stored in a database which is accessible by a user through a graphical user interface (GUI). The TRACE or lamp wires which connect respective pairs of cross-connect circuits are utilized in an unconventional manner so as to form a scanning bus. The information signal paths established through the cross-connect circuits remain undisturbed. A scanning signal is communicated between each pair of cross-connected circuits over the TRACE conductor. In the event a patch cord is used to temporarily redirect a signal connection, the scanning signal is transmitted over the shield or sleeve conductor of the patch cord. The scanning signal provides identification and other information concerning the transmitting circuit.

Abstract: A loopback test of the datalink layer of a network interface device is performed from a user-space software layer. In certain embodiments, network address translation rules in the network layer are modified to change source and destination network addresses of a test packet to a fake IP address, to enable the test packet to be forwarded from the network layer to the datalink layer.

Abstract: A single-wire serial communications bus has a master device and one or more slave devices. The slave devices are addressed according to a predetermined addressing scheme in an address space. The master device starts a transmission with a number of line state changes which define a clock period to be used by the slave devices in clocking and framing the serial data. This permits omitting a clock line, thus saving a pin and saving printed circuit board space. This also permits the slave devices to shut down their own clocks during periods of inactivity on the bus, thus saving power. Likewise the master device is able to shut down its clock during periods of bus inactivity.

Abstract: Timestamps are inserted into trace packet expiration messages to identify delay in a network. A Time To Live (TTL) value in the trace packet is varied to intentionally cause an intermediate node in the network to discard the trace packet and send back the packet expiration message. The intermediate node sending the packet expiration message inserts a time value in the message indicating when the intermediate node received the trace packet. The time value is then used to determine the time required for the trace packet to reach the intermediate node.

Abstract: A computer-based method utilizing a single response time monitor, located on a non-origin node of a public or private network, for measuring the total roundtrip response time of a set of requests resulting from an original request having embedded HTML frames. The response time monitor builds a relationship tree for the original request and its embedded HTML frames. For each request from the set of requests resulting from the original request, including requests for the embedded HTML frames, the method uses the response time monitor to detect a start time and end time of each component of the request's roundtrip response time in order to calculate each component's duration. Later, the response time monitor calculates the total roundtrip response time by adding together the duration of all components of the original request and all its additional requests that have the same network address and port number.

Abstract: A computing node that functions as a member within a computing system group, such as a cluster, that has a status allowing receipt of group messages even though the node is not an active member of the cluster. The node is able to function as a primary member or as a backup member that controls redundant resources to be utilized in case of a failure. The computing node is able to have one of two status values, an “Active” status and an “Ineligible” status. Members that are able to function as a primary member have an “Active” status assigned, and a member that is not configured or otherwise eligible to perform as a primary member is assigned an “Ineligible” status. Members with an Ineligible status receive all group messages and therefore are able to become configured and eligible to become a primary member.

Abstract: An aggregation of a plurality of networks. The aggregation includes a plurality of peer nodes of the networks, each node including a plurality of channels operating at a plurality of interior gateway protocol (IGP) routing levels configured to provide a mesh interface between at least two of the networks. This aggregation makes it possible to configure extremely large aggregated networks. It also supports inter-autonomous system (AS) mobility and movement needs of mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) networks.

Abstract: Principles of the invention are described for providing multicast virtual private networks (MVPNs) across a public network that are capable of carrying high-bandwidth multicast traffic with increased scalability. In particular, the MVPNs may transport layer three (L3) multicast traffic, such as Internet Protocol (IP) packets, between remote sites via the public network. The principles described herein may reduce the overhead of protocol independent multicast (PIM) neighbor adjacencies and customer control information maintained for MVPNs. The principles may also reduce the state and the overhead of maintaining the state in the network by removing the need to maintain at least one dedicated multicast tree per each MVPN.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present invention includes a repeating frame for a time division radio communications system with a sequence of uplink slots each having a predetermined duration, a sequence of downlink slots, each having a predetermined duration that is greater than the duration of the uplink slots, an interburst guard time between each uplink slot, an interburst guard time between each downlink slot, and an interframe guard time after the sequence of downlink slots.

Abstract: An apparatus provides redundant wireless to access field devices in a distributed control system having primary access to the field devices provided by hard-wired media that couples the field devices to the control room. The field devices are coupled to a Fieldbus control network. In a first embodiment, each field device is provided with a wireless Fieldbus port that is accessible by a wireless terminal. In a second embodiment, each Fieldbus control network is provided with a field module having a wireless Fieldbus port that allows all devices connected to the Fieldbus control network to be accessed by a wireless terminal. In a third embodiment, an H2-to-H1 Fieldbus bridge (which may service a plurality of H1 control networks) is provided with a wireless Fieldbus port that allows all Fieldbus devices connected to H1 control networks serviced by the H2-to-H1 bridge to be accessed by a wireless handheld unit of a wireless terminal.

Abstract: The present invention provides techniques for spatial reuse in wireless communications networks. Accordingly, the present invention provides A device participates in a wireless communications network. The network has a shared transmission medium for the exchange of communications traffic. Further, the device determines a value for at least one interference condition in the shared transmission medium of the wireless communications network. Based on this value, a planned transmission to a remote wireless communications device is scheduled. For instance, when this value is less than a predetermined threshold, this scheduling employs a time-overlapping access technique.

Abstract: Systems and methods for multi-network aircraft communications are disclosed. In one embodiment, a communication system includes a communications module executing in an onboard computer in an aircraft. Applications executing on the onboard computer generate messages, which the communications module transmits over one of a plurality of broadcast networks including ACARS and IP based systems. The communications module selects which of the broadcast networks will carry a message according to a configuration file associated with the generating application. Messages may have a priority associated therewith, with low priority messages being stored and transmitted upon availability if a preferred broadcast network is unavailable.

Abstract: A method of determining whether a wireless packet data service can be activated in a dormant state. To activate one of a plurality of packet data services in the dormant state, a BS transmits to an MS a Page Message containing an SR ID identifying the service to be activated. If a service instance for the service is unavailable, the MS transmits to the BS a response message indicating that the service cannot be reconnected. The BS then terminates immediately, thereby saving radio resources and improving system performance.

Abstract: A method for controlling a power of a shared control channel for high speed downlink shared channel (HS-SCCH) in a system adopting a high speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) technique is disclosed, which can control power of HS-SCCH by using the DPCH channel configured in each UE. Especially, by transmitting power of each sub-frame suitably for each UE, and by setting suitable transmission power of HS-SCCH according to whether it is in soft handover and according to whether it is a primary cell in soft handover, an inter-cell interference can be reduced and power of the base station can be effectively used.

Abstract: A method and apparatus includes: at least one AP (Access Point) arranged to set and transmit a bit of a beacon message corresponding to a station for exchanging traffic, to register the station on a PS-polling list upon an acknowledgment of the beacon message being received, to assign a predetermined time slot to the station, and to transmit the traffic during the time slot, when at least one piece of traffic is exchanged for wireless voice communication; and at least one station adapted to be awakened into an active mode to parse the received beacon message, to calculate the assigned time slot when a bit of the station is set, and to awaken into the active mode during the assigned time slot to exchange the traffic, when the beacon message has been received from the AP upon being in a doze mode.

Abstract: A method for physical automatic repeat request by a subscriber unit. A physical layer at the transmitter receives data and formats the received data into packets having a particular encoding/data modulation. The physical layer contains n channels which transmit the packets and retransmits packets upon failure to receive a corresponding acknowledgment for a given packet. An adaptive modulation and coding controller in the transmitter collects retransmission statistics and adjusts the particular encoding/data modulations using the collected statistics.

Abstract: A radio base station performs reverse link rate control in a wireless communication network by “stealing” bits on a forward common power control channel. The forward common power control channel is divided into a plurality of frames, with each frame including a plurality of power control groups and each power control group including a plurality of power control slots. The radio base station may dynamically select power control slots depending on user demand to be used for reverse link rate control.

Abstract: The present invention provides a service node to facilitate the integration of cellular and packet networks. In particular, the service node acts as a proxy for packet-based communications over a packet network for a packet communication client, and also emulates a call routing entity associated with a cellular network. In select embodiments, the call routing entity emulated by the service node may be a visited mobile switching center, home mobile switching center, or a home location register. In operation, calls being processed in the cellular network may be processed in part by the service node, which is emulating a particular call routing entity. For calls involving the cellular network that are ultimately terminated on the packet network, the service node supports efficient call processing or handling, depending on the call routing entity being emulated.

Abstract: A first base station is operated by a first service provider and exchanges first information with first users over first wireless communication links. A mobile switching center provides mobile telephone service. An Internet access system provides Internet access service. A data system provides a data service. An Ethernet backhaul system uses an Ethernet format to exchange the first information between the first base station and the mobile switching center, Internet access system, and data system. There is a second service provider that is different from the first service provider, that operates a service system, and that operates a second base station that is co-located with the first base station and that exchanges second information with second users over second wireless communication links. The Ethernet backhaul system uses the Ethernet format to exchange the second information between the second base station and the service system of the second service provider.

Abstract: A spatial multiplexing detection device using a MIMO technology comprises a MIMO detector for detecting receive symbols which correspond to symbols transmitted through transmit antennas from receive signals when the transmit data transmitted by the terminal group are received through receive antennas; a terminal identifier for identifying the receive symbols detected by the MIMO detector into symbols which correspond to respective terminals in the terminal group; a symbol demapper for demapping the receive symbols identified by the terminal identifier to binary data which correspond to a modulation method used by the terminal group; and a reverse data processor for performing deinterleaving, decoding of error correction codes, and descrambling on the binary data demapped by the symbol demapper, and detecting receive data of the respective terminals.

Abstract: The present invention is a method of simplifying the encoding of a predetermined number of bits of data into frames. The method adds error coding bits so that a ratio of the frame length times the baud rate of the frame times the bit packing ratio of the data divided the total bits of data is always an integer. The method may also convolutionally encode the bits of data so that the same equation is also always an integer.

Abstract: A communication system comprising an end device, a location server, and a plurality of resources, each resource for providing individual instances of a first application. The end device is configured to transmit a first test message for the first application to a first resource of the plurality of resources using a first access method, receive a first response message from the first resource, process the first response message to determine first performance information for the first application, generate a first update message indicating the first performance information, and transmit the first update message to a location server.

Abstract: Use of finite wireless resources is minimized when paging is performed to an MN, even if a location manager does not retain correct location area information for the reason that a mobile router (MR), which performs location update (LU) on behalf of mobile nodes (MNs) existing in the space in a moving body, does not send an LU signal because it is active, for example. A flag indicating whether an MR#1 is dormant or active is retained in a location manager LM#1. When paging is performed to an MN#2 which is in a master-slave relationship with the MR#1, the LM#1 refers to the flag to determine the state of the MR#1. When the MR#1 is active, the LM#1 inquires of a routing manager RM#1 about routing address information for the MR#1 and performs paging using the information. Thus, it is possible to perform paging to the MN#2 which is in a master-salve relationship with the MR#1, without the MR#1, which is moving in an active state, sending an LU signal.

Abstract: To facilitate vertical handoff, a radio network will identify air interface protocols currently available for use by a wireless device and will then select one of the available air interface protocols based at least in part on the type of communication in which the device is currently engaged. The radio network may further take into consideration the current level of congestion under each available air interface protocol and may select an air interface protocol that has sufficient bandwidth available to support the type of communication in which the device is currently engaged. If the device is not currently operating under the selected air interface protocol, the radio network may then orchestrate a vertical handoff to the selected protocol.

Abstract: In a mobile communication system having a first communication device for communicating with a plurality of second communication devices, a method for performing handoff within the mobile communication system includes transmitting from at least one of the second communication devices to the first communication device a handoff list of second communication devices to which the first communication device is permitted to handoff. A channel assignment message is transmitted from each of the second communications devices in the handoff list. The handoff list includes base stations controlled by a single controller that determines which of the second communication devices transmits the channel assignment message. The base stations on the handoff list have pilot signals and the energy levels of the pilot signals are measured by the first communication device.

Abstract: A channel structure of a mobile communication system including a radio base station having a transmission antenna able to control a beam direction for each of a plurality of mobile stations in a cell. The mobile stations carry out radio communication using a shared channel together with an associated dedicated channel used in association with the shared channel. The shared channel is shared by the mobile stations and allocated to each of the mobile stations per predetermined unit transmission. A first pilot channel is set and dedicatedly used for channel estimation of the shared channel, and a second pilot channel is set and dedicatedly used for channel estimation of the associated dedicated channel.