Abstract: A propellant charge for a recoilless gun, in particular a propellant charge for a round of a reloadable support weapon. The propellant charge is cylindrically shaped and adapted for loading into a charge chamber formed between an inner casing and an outer casing of the round.

Abstract: A breaching apparatus includes an impactor element and a self-contained energy source. The self-contained energy source enables the impactor element to impact a first surface of a structure. The impactor element is configured to transmit a localized shock wave through the structure upon impact. The self-contained energy source is capable of accelerating the impactor element to a velocity sufficient to induce spalling at a second surface of the structure. Multiple breaching apparatuses can be supported by a frame to facilitate simultaneous or successive breaching of the structure. The breaching apparatus can be used in a method to breach a concrete structure.

Abstract: A perforating gun gravitational orientation system includes a perforating gun and a swivel device connected to the perforating gun to permit rotation of the perforating gun within casing, and the perforating gun spaced apart from the casing by the swivel device. Another perforating gun gravitational orientation system includes the swivel device having an axis of rotation which is spaced apart from a center of gravity of the perforating gun. Yet another perforating gun gravitational orientation system includes the swivel device having an axis of rotation which is spaced apart from a center axis of the perforating gun.

Abstract: A method of dampening stress waves propagated from the detonation of an explosive device in a wellbore to protect a device positioned downhole including the steps of positioning a shock dissipater between an explosive device and a package; detonating the explosive device propagating a stress wave toward the shock dissipater and the package; and reflecting a portion of the stress wave in the shock dissipater. The shock dissipater may have one or more interface formed between materials of dissimilar acoustic impedances. The shock dissipater may reflect a compressive portion of the stress wave at one interface and a tensile portion of the stress wave at another interface.

Abstract: A projectile with several flare bodies, which are eccentrically housed in the body of the projectile and are ignited by at least one delay element for each flare body. The expulsion gases are conveyed from the ogive of the projectile to the delay elements through filler elements that form a channel in the center of the projectile for the expulsion gases.

Abstract: A casing for warhead components, and a warhead including such a casing. The casing includes a laser sintered material. The laser sintered material may include metal powder such as aluminium powder and binder particles. The casing may be include a lacquer coating, and optionally an outer lining. A warhead including the casing.

Abstract: Disclosed is a bullet shell for hunting guns, preferably those having barrels with “rifled choke” rifling. The shell comprises a bullet made of a solid material and a thin-wall plastic envelope. On its surface, the bullet has a trapezoidal groove delimiting nose and heel portions of the bullet. The envelope enclosing the bullet is made of identical longitudinal halves having a cylindrical outer surface and an inner surface matching with the surface of the bullet. A peripheral flat collar of a width of b and a height of b1=0.5b is provided at the bullet nose portion end surface. The collar passes into a taper boring with an apex angle ?=120±5°, and the envelope protrudes by b2=b1 beyond the plane of the bullet collar. The bullet shell offers improved longitudinal stability when shooting through minor obstacles (bushes, grass) and improved grouping of up to 60 mm at 100 m.

Abstract: A sub-caliber projectile is described for insertion into a projectile receptacle (8) having a projectile head (1) and a tail unit (2) forming guide vanes (4), which engages in a cavity of the projectile head (1). To provide advantageous construction conditions, it is suggested that the guide vanes (4) of the tail unit (2) extend up into the hollow projectile head (1) and the projectile head (1) be folded clamped into the groin area between the guide vanes (4).

Abstract: A cableway system has a carrying and conveying cable on which transportation devices, such as chairs or gondolas, are carried on load-bearing bars. The latter can be fastened with clamps and they are guided, in the stations, over reversing pulleys. Between the stations, the cable is guided over supporting rollers and beneath hold-down rollers. A first strand of the cable is guided over a group of deflecting rollers or the like and a second strand is guided over at least one deflecting drum along a angled portion of the travel path. The deflecting drum is rotated continuously by the carrying and conveying cable and it is formed with a plurality of circumferentially distributed recesses which accommodate the load-bearing bars for the transportation devices as they are moved past the deflecting drum.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an energy dissipation device (1) for a car body of a multielement vehicle, in particular a rail vehicle, the energy dissipation device (1) having a damping unit (10) having a regeneratively implemented damping element (11) for damping traction and impact forces occurring in normal travel operation and an energy dissipation unit (20) having a destructively implemented energy dissipation element (21), and the energy dissipation element (21) being designed to respond after a previously determinable critical impact force is exceeded and to transmit at least a part of the impact forces transmitted via the energy dissipation device (1) into heat and deformation work by plastic deformation and thus dissipate them.

Abstract: This invention is a rail grade load/unload rail carrier with primary vertical load bearing sub-assemblies positioned above the carrier body floor. Carrier body sub-assemblies are vertical columns with stay cables attached to rail carrier bar joist sides. The design features carrier body floor elevation slightly above rail grade, and detachable rail wheel bogies outside the carrier body, to enable motor vehicle rail grade loading/unloading. Rail wheel bogie variants may be used for rail gage adaptation. Further, loaded motor vehicles provide rail carrier motive power; drive wheels protruding downward through carrier floor apertures to bear on rail flanking traction strips. Traction strips connect to a vehicle staging platform which has; integral rails, rail line connection, and highway access. Autonomous motor vehicle carrier translation along rails and across the staging area, negates need for conventional rail terminal handling facilities.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a slotted joint comprising a central pin and an outer tube. In one embodiment, the slotted joint comprises a first and second elastomer arm, which are bonded to an outer surface of the central pin diametrically opposite each other and spaced apart from each other to form a first and second space. The slotted joint further comprises a first abutment positioned in the first space and a second abutment positioned in the second space. The first and second abutments include an abutment part made of a rigid material and a cylindrical sector made of an elastomer. The cylindrical sector may be bonded to an outer surface the central pin and to an inner surface of the abutment part. An outside face of the cylindrical sector is spaced apart from the inner surface of the outer tube when the joint is at rest.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new substance combinations as vapor phase corrosion inhibitors for protecting a broad range of customary utility metals, including iron, chromium, nickel, tin, zinc, aluminum, copper, magnesium and their alloys, against corrosion in humid climates. Said substance combinations comprise (1) at least one C6 to C10 aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, (2) at least one C6 to C10 aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, and (3) a primary aromatic amide. Preferably they further comprise (4) an aliphatic ester of hydroxybenzoic acid, in particular of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and/or (5) a bemzimidazole, in particular a benzimidazole substituted on the benzene ring.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a porphyrazine coloring matter represented by the following formula (1): (wherein, A, B, C and D independently represents a 6-membered ring having aromaticity, at least one or more is a benzene ring, at least one or more contains a nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic ring; in addition, E represents alkylene and each of X and Y independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted anilino group or a substituted or unsubstituted naphthylamino group; and b is 0 to 2.9, c is 0.1 to 3 and the sum of b and c is 1 to 3) which has a good hue as a cyan ink, is excellent in light fastness, ozone fastness and moisture fastness, and does not cause bronze phenomenon, as well as is thus suitable for inkjet recording.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a bioadhesive derived from mussel. In particular, it relates to a novel Mytilus galloprovincialis foot protein type 5 (MGFP-5) and a recombinant protein that is a hybrid of MGFP-5 and foot protein type 1 (FP-1), where an adhesive protein with adhesive activity can be economically mass-produced to be used in place of chemical adhesives through the present invention.

Abstract: A method to improve an efflorescence resistance of film forming compositions. The method comprises the step of adding a coalescent aid comprising a fatty acid ester to the film forming composition, the fatty acid ester has a formula of RCOOX wherein R is a hydrocarbyl having one or more aliphatic carbon-carbon double bonds, and X is selected from a group consisting of: a saturated hydrocarbyl, a hydrocarbyl having one or more aliphatic carbon-carbon double bonds and a substituted hydrocarbyl. These non volatile organic fatty acid ester based coalescents impart superior efflorescence resistance and resistance to color change to film forming compositions, including latex paints, versus conventional, VOC coalescent solvent.

Abstract: The present invention describes a fire resistant building material composition, useful for example as a fire door core and to a method of making this composition. The building material of the present invention is prepared from an aqueous mixture of predominately expanded perlite, a small amount of a binder component consisting essentially of calcined gypsum and an organic binder, and optionally a fibrous reinforcement.

Abstract: The present invention describes an improved building material composition, useful for example as a fire door core. The building material of the present invention is prepared by compressing an aqueous mixture of expanded perlite and a fast setting, cementitious composition consisting essentially of a hydraulic cement, preferably Portland cement, and a pozzolan additive selected from the group consisting of metakaolin, VCAS and mixtures thereof, and preferably also includes an organic binder and a fibrous reinforcement.

Abstract: A cement additive contains industrial waste and has the effect of inhibiting formation of monosulfate in a hardened cementitious material. The cement additive contains specifically calcium carbonate, gypsum and coal ash and/or blast-furnace slag powder. This enables efficient use of industrial waste, allows inhibiting monosulfate formation in the hardened cementitious material, and allows producing a hardened cementitious material having good durability (sulfate resistance).

Abstract: Disclosed is a table with a table top which is connected via a table leg to a pedestal which can be placed on the ground. Between the table top and the pedestal is arranged a swivel joint, by means of which the table top is pivotable relative to the pedestal about at least one swivel axis aligned perpendicular to the lengthwise extension of the table leg. The table has a catch device adjustable between an open position and a closed position for the swivel joint by means of which the table top is fixable in different swivel positions relative to the pedestal. The table top is connected so that it is rotatable about a rotation axis oriented more or less perpendicular to its horizontal plane and is drive connected to the catch device so that said catch device is adjustable between the open position and the closed position by turning the table top about the rotation axis.

Abstract: A flat panel workstation system that may be retrofitted into an existing desktop/work surface for supporting and pivoting a flat panel display such as a liquid crystal display (LCD) from a closed position to an open, viewable position in front of a user. The system includes a sliding keyboard and mouse platform mounted underneath the front edge of the desk top/work surface and which automatically pivot a support panel atop the work surface (and attached flat panel display) to an upright position or closed flush position upon extension/retraction of the keyboard and mouse platform.

Abstract: A hospital bedside table cover is provided for a hospital bedside table and includes a top portion which is positioned on the table top of the table and which has a skirt portion extending downwardly from the edges of the top portion. A plurality of pockets of various sizes are provided on the downwardly extending skirt portion and are adapted to receive various personal items or articles. Some of the pockets have pockets secured to the outer side thereof. Some of the pockets are expandable.

Abstract: Collapsible tables are not sturdy or attractive, whereas tables with these properties are not easy to store or transport. Thus there is a need for a table which is simultaneously attractive, sturdy, and easy to move or store. According to one aspect of the invention, a table is provided that has legs that fold and nest. The legs are held in the open position by one or more mechanical rotating clasps. According to another aspect of the invention, table is provided that has legs that fold in pairs. When in the folded position, one pair of legs nests within the other pair.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention are directed to an incinerator and ash removal system. The incinerator includes a grating system, which has pair of grating panels arranged in a V-shaped configuration. The panels can be independently pivotable from each other. Pivoting the panels during incineration can aerate the garbage being burned and can provide a stoking effect. Each panel includes a support rack on which a plurality of bricks is removably connected. The bricks can be configured with a plurality of channels that can deliver pre-heated air to the combustion chamber. The v-shaped grating can be directly above an ash removal system, which includes a first auger and a second auger. Generally, the first auger can break up the products from combustion, and the second auger can transport these products out of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A towed implement, such as a planter is provided with a folding platform allowing improved access to row units and seed tanks of the planter implement. The platform is movable or foldable to improve access to row units below the platform while providing access to seed tanks. The platform may be provided in addition to a transverse platform, such as for access to seed tanks in planters. The folding platform may be used, along with handrails and a ladder, for accessing the platform for servicing the implement. The folding platform may be collapsed or folded to allow access to the row units that are beneath the platform.

Abstract: A seed drill or seeder of a kind to deposit serial streams of seed each into a disc made trough, trench or the like, characterised by each disc having its bearing mounted to the disc from the inside (i.e. the concave side) and a chute providing member or assembly down which the stream of seeds is to passes, is attached to the bearing from the outside (i.e. the convex side) of the disc.

Abstract: A computer-controlled quilting machine uses a hand held stylus to create the patterns which are sewn into a quilt. The machine can quilt in real time, following the movement of the stylus as a user traces any desired object or design. The machine allows a user to easily sew a desired pattern into a quilt, and also provides greater access to quilting to those persons who are unable to operate other types of quilting machines, while retaining much of the appeal of hand quilting.

Abstract: An anti-sloshing moon pool structure is disclosed. The anti-sloshing moon pool structure of the present invention includes moon pool plates (112, 114 and 116), which are provided on a bow-side wall (401), a stern-side wall (403) and opposite sidewalls (405) of a moon pool (100), and a moon pool bottom block (130), which is provided on a bow-side lower edge (407) of the moon pool (100). The moon pool plates and the moon pool bottom block have protruding lengths within which they do not interfere with a maximum working area. Upper steps (112a, 112b, 114a, 114b, 116a, 116a-1, 116b and 116b-1) of the moon pool plates are disposed such that, when a ship is in a working position, they are lower than the free surface of the seawater, and lower steps (112c, 112d, 116c and 116d) of the moon pool plates are disposed such that, when the ship runs, they are lower than the free surface of the seawater.

Abstract: A sailing craft propelled by a tilting sail system comprising an aerofoil sail capable of omni-directional attitude for wind propulsion. The sail is fixed to the craft in such a manner as to permit omni-directional attitude. Sail control means allows the sail placement in a forward propulsion attitude relative to wind direction. The sail is rigid and has an asymmetric shape.

Abstract: A boat bumper and a securing harness for mounting the boat bumper to a boat hull. The securing harness includes a main strap which is flexible and sufficiently stiff to be self sustaining to maintain its shape, and securing straps for securing a bumper roll to the main strap. The main strap has an elongated section and at least one generally transverse section. Each section has at least one free end to which a suction cup is releasably attached.

Abstract: A coupling to engage and retain two adjacent buoyant marine bodies in a side to side abutting relationship, is described. The coupling has two coupling portions (9), one each on one of the two adjacent buoyant marine bodies. The coupling portion (“first coupling portion”) including a downwardly directed receiving recess that includes at least one bearing surface (7) that faces away from a plane of abutment of the two marine bodies and that increases in distance away from the plane of abutment from top to bottom. The coupling also having a locking bar to be retained by the other coupling portion (second coupling portion) in a manner to allow it to move vertically thereto and to project from the second coupling portion for engagement with the first coupling portion, the locking bar including a receiving surface (16) to abut with the bearing surface (7).

Abstract: An appliance for lowering and tracking an underwater vessel includes a carrier arranged on an end of a holding cable; a holding device on the carrier used to receive/release the underwater vessel with a controllable holding element; and a tracking device arranged on the carrier and used for acoustically determining the position of the underwater vessel lowered into the water. As a result, a light, compact lowering appliance is provided that is suitable for handling vessels on small platforms and ensures acoustically undisturbed operation of the tracking device, which is arranged on one end of the carrier, the carrier being mounted such that it can be pivoted on the holding cable in an articulated manner in a central longitudinal region thereof. Following release of the underwater vessel from the holding element, a pivoting device pivots the carrier including the tracking device out of a lowering position, into a tracking position.

Abstract: The invention pertains generally to manufacturing and installing a semi-membrane tank for liquefied natural gas (LNG). Specifically, the invention relates to a method and apparatus for facilitating off-hull manufacturing of a completed semi-membrane LNG tank and installation of the tank in a permanent supporting structure, such as a ship's hull. Embodiments of the invention include attaching a support structure to the top and the sides of an LNG tank and attaching a support net to the support structure. The support net may be configured to support the bottom of the tank including any insulation that may be applied to the bottom. Once the support structure and support net are attached to the tank, the tank may then be moved from an assembly location to a permanent support structure where it may be permanently attached.

Abstract: A device for indicating the magnitude of a physical parameter, such as pressure, temperature or flow rate, has a movable pointer (1), a receiving antenna (4b, 4c) and a transmitting antenna (4a). The transmitting antenna (4a) generates an electromagnetic field in the vicinity of the pointer (1), so that an electrical signal is induced in the receiving antenna (4b, 4c). An inductive component (3) in the form of an electrically resonant circuit is connected to the pointer (1). Movement of the inductive component (3) in the electromagnetic field generated by the transmitting antenna 4a affects the electrical signal induced in the receiving antenna (4b, 4c) such that the signal induced in the receiving antenna (4b, 4c) is indicative of the displacement of the pointer. The device has the advantage that a simple mechanical indicator can be configured to produce an electrical reading by applying a simple passive inductive component to the pointer (3).

Abstract: The invention relates to a display device (1) for displaying variables, parameters etc. in an analog manner. Said display device comprises a stepper motor (2), a display element (3) which can be adjusted by means of the stepper motor (2), an electronic part (4) which can capture the signals corresponding to the variables, parameters etc. which can be displayed, and the stepper motor (2) which corresponds to the captured signals can be controlled and/or adjusted, and an LED (9) which can be illuminated by means of the display element (3). The LED (9) is embodied in such a way that it can radiate various colours by means of the light radiation thereof, in order to broaden the uses of the display device (1) with a comparatively low technical-constructive expenditure.

Abstract: Scandium, yttrium, and lanthanide sesquioxide crystals having the formula Ln2O3, wherein Ln is selected from Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu, with or without an activator ion, are made by a hydrothermal method for a variety of end-use applications

Abstract: Systems and methods for growing polycrystalline silicon ingots are described. The systems and methods involve placing an initial charge of polysilicon in a crucible, using a direct solidification/heat exchanger method furnace to melt the initial charge to form a melt, and then introducing additional polysilicon to the melt while the melt and crucible are within the furnace. The additional polysilicon may be added to the crucible in order to bring the melt to any desired volume, including until the crucible is full or topped off. An augmenting mechanism, such as a hopper, may be used to introduce additional polysilicon to the melt. The hopper may have a silicon introduction controller that controls the introduction of polysilicon into the melt. Other embodiments are described.

Abstract: A method and system for forming high-quality epitaxial films. In one embodiment, the method includes cleaning a substrate, reducing adsorbed moisture on the substrate in a predefined temperature and predefined oxygen level atmosphere, and removing native oxide from the substrate. The method also includes prebaking the substrate and growing an epitaxial layer doped with an impurity, wherein the impurity has a nano-impurity profile.

Abstract: A high-purity vitreous silica crucible used for pulling a large-diameter single-crystal silicon ingot, includes a double layered structure constituted by an outer layer composed of high-purity amorphous vitreous silica with a bubble content of 1 to 10% and a purity of 99.99% or higher, and an inner layer composed of high-purity amorphous vitreous silica s with a bubble content of 0.6% or less and a purity of 99.99% or higher, wherein, at least for an inner surface of the vitreous silica crucible between ingot-pulling start line and ingot-pulling end line of a silicon melt surface, a longitudinal section of the inner surface is shaped into a waveform, and depth and width of the ring grooves constituting the multi ring-groove patterned face are set in the range of 0.5 to 2 mm and 10 to 100 mm, respectively.

Abstract: A disclosed image forming apparatus includes an image forming unit configured to form an image on a recording medium; and a foam application unit configured to apply foam generated by foaming a liquid and/or a gel onto the recording medium. The foam application unit includes an application part configured to apply the foam onto the recording medium, a supply opening configured to supply the foam to the application part, and a spreading part configured to spread the foam on the application part. The spreading part is disposed at an angle with respect to the movement direction of the application part; and the supply opening is disposed near the most upstream portion of the spreading part with respect to the movement direction of the application part.

Abstract: A coating apparatus is provided which does not form lines having a constant pitch in applying a coating solution to a web (16) or a sheet medium by using a coating rod (12A, 12B, 12C) or a coating roller (12) even at a high speed. The present invention relates to a coating apparatus for applying a coating solution to a continuously running support medium via a coating rod (12C). A coating rod (12C) is a cylindrical body having an outer surface in which convex sections having a width P1 and concave sections having a width P2 are alternately formed in an axial direction of the surface, so that a series of convex and concave sections having a constant pitch P=P1+P2 are formed. Each of the convex sections includes a flat part having a maximum height roughness (Rz) of 3 ?m or less, and the flat part has a width P3 of 0.55 P or more.

Abstract: An edger/trimmer of two-piece construction having a foam painting pad secured to a large outer face of an L-shaped frame from the back of which extends a handle plate. The short section of the L-shaped frame serves as the guide, which contacts the abutting surface and provides smooth, straight movement of the pad along the surface to be painted. The pad and guide are uniquely designed and configured so that nearly all facets of edging and trimming can be easily, quickly and accurately accomplished.

Abstract: An apparatus for processing objects includes an elevated tubular frame rail mounting a four axis robot arm with a tool such as a painting applicator. The robot is attached to a mounting base that moves along the rail permitting painting of the top and/or side of a vehicle body. Electrical power and fluid lines can be routed through the rail to the robot. Two such rails and multiple robots can be combined as a module for installation in a new or an existing painting booth.

Abstract: A paint-supplying device (14) for supplying paint to a paint chamber (11) is provided. The paint-supplying device includes an accommodating cavity (143) and a plurality of paint barrels (145). The accommodating cavity is integrally defined with the paint chamber. The accommodating cavity communicates with the paint chamber. The plurality of paint barrels is accommodated in the accommodating cavity and configured for supplying paint to the paint chamber. A paint-spraying system (10) using the present paint-supplying device is further provided.

Abstract: In a method of preparing and using an aperture mask, a temperature of an aperture mask is increased to a first, mounting temperature (T1), whereupon the size of the aperture mask increases according to its coefficient of thermal expansion (CTEam), until at least one dimension thereof is of a first desired extent. The temperature of a frame is also increased to T1, whereupon the size of the frame grows according to its coefficient of thermal expansion (CTEf), which is lower than CTEam. The aperture mask is fixedly mounted to the frame at T1. The frame mounted aperture mask is then used for depositing a material on a substrate at a deposition temperature T2 that is less than T1, whereupon the frame holds the shadow mask in tension with the one dimension at a second desired extent.

Abstract: Leakage of an atmosphere of a solvent vapor used by a smoothing process for smoothing the surface of a resist pattern outside from a smoothing unit is prevented to facilitate incorporating the smoothing unit into a coating and developing system. A substrate processing system has a coating and developing block 20, a smoothing block 50, an airflow producing unit 60 for producing down airflow that flows down from above the coating and developing block 20 and the smoothing block 50, and a main controller 100 for controlling the airflow producing unit 60.

Abstract: Disclosed is a substrate processing apparatus, including: a processing space to provide a space in which a substrate is to be processed; a heating member to heat the processing space; a gas supply member to supply at least first and second processing gases to the processing space; an exhaust member to exhaust an atmosphere in the processing space; and a control member to control at least the gas supply member and the exhaust member such that supply and exhaust of the first and second processing gases are alternately repeated a plurality of times so that the first and second processing gases are not mixed with each other in the processing space when forming a desired film on the substrate, and both the first and second processing gases are supplied to the processing space when coating a surface of an inner wall of the processing space with a desired film.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein are directed to an apparatus for generating a precursor for a semiconductor processing system. In one embodiment, an apparatus for generating a precursor gas during a vapor deposition process is described. The apparatus includes a canister containing an interior volume between a lid and a bottom, a gaseous inlet and a gaseous outlet disposed on the lid, a plurality of silos coupled to the bottom and extending from a lower region to an upper region of the interior volume, and a tantalum precursor having a chlorine concentration of about 5 ppm or less contained within the lower region of the canister.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing a magnetic recording disk includes a magnetic-film deposition chamber in which a magnetic film for a recording layer is deposited on a substrate; a lubricant-layer preparation chamber in which a lubricant layer is prepared on the substrate in vacuum; and a cleaning chamber in which the substrate is cleaned in vacuum after the magnetic-film deposition in the magnetic-film chamber and before the lubricant-layer preparation in the lubricant-layer chamber. The apparatus may further include a transfer system that transfers the substrate from the cleaning chamber to the lubricant-layer preparation chamber without exposing the substrate to the atmosphere.

Abstract: Disclosed is an adaptively coupled plasma source having a uniform magnetic field distribution. The adaptively coupled plasma source includes a flat plate shaped bushing disposed above a reaction chamber in a center region of the reaction chamber, a plurality of upper coils extended from the bushing to be disposed above the reaction chamber, so as to spirally surround the bushing, and a plurality of side coils arranged around a sidewall portion of the reaction chamber to surround the reaction chamber.