Abstract: Disclosed herein is a portable panel having numerous favorable characteristics. The panel comprises a core having a length, a width, a first side and a second side. A first fiber layer is attached to the first side while a second fiber layer is attached to the second side. A first polyurethane layer is impregnated in the first fiber layer while a second polyurethane layer is impregnated into the second fiber layer. A first skin is attached to the first polyurethane layer while a second skin is attached to the second polyurethane layer. The panel can be used in the manufacture of tables, flooring, risers, stages, bleachers, and the like.

Abstract: A multilayer wall includes Gossamer-type rigidifiable and inflatable structures, the wall including a layer of a composite material that can be rigidified by polymerisation, and is flanked, on the inside, by a gas-impermeable layer, and, on the outside, by at least one anti-adhesion and protection layer. The multilayer wall is characterised in that the external layer is partially permeable to gas and impermeable to liquid or viscous phases of the matrix of the composite material.

Abstract: A stack of a plurality of thin film adhesively bonded members are removably coupled to a ceiling. The adhesive is configured to allow an exposed layer to be removed without removing the entire stack of square members.

Abstract: A frame assembly for sheet material. A plurality of inner frame sections have at least one recess for receiving the sheet material. The inner frame sections can be fitted around at least part of the periphery of the sheet material. A first outer frame for receiving the sheet material with the inner frame sections fitted thereon is provided, together with a second outer frame to be applied to the sheet material with the inner frame sections fitted thereon. A mechanism to connect the first and second external frames together is provided, with the inner frame sections therebetween. The first and second outer frames together define a space whose shape corresponds to that of the outer cross-sectional shape of the inner frame sections. Thus, the first and second outer frames capture the sheet material with the inner frame sections fitted thereon. A mechanism to hold the inner frame section in place is included.

Abstract: A fire resistive joint cover system operable to span a gap between two surfaces. The system generally may include first and second base members, a covering member, and an intumescent sheet. Each base member is operable to couple with one of the surfaces and the covering member is operable to couple with the base members to at least partially span the gap. In some embodiments, the covering member may be configured as a floating covering member and/or as a flexible elastomer seal.

Abstract: A shock absorber for a sports floor assembly. The shock absorber has a base portion and a truncated pyramid portion. The base portion is formed of an elastomeric material and is connectable to a sub-flooring of the floor assembly with the second side positioned adjacent to the sub-flooring. The pyramid portion extends from the first side of the base portion. The pyramid portion is formed of an elastomeric material and has stepped sides.

Abstract: A clip for attaching overlapping siding boards to the wall of a structure includes a rearward hook having a top horizontal flange with a forward portion and a rearward portion, and a rearward vertical flange with a top portion and a bottom portion. The rearward portion of the top horizontal flange connects with the top portion of the rearward vertical flange. A body portion connects with the forward portion of the top horizontal flange. A forward hook has a bottom horizontal flange with a forward portion and a rearward portion, and a forward vertical flange having a top portion and a bottom portion. The bottom portion of the forward vertical flange connects with the forward portion of the bottom horizontal flange. The rearward portion of the bottom horizontal flange connects with the body portion. A catch extends downwardly from the bottom horizontal flange.

Abstract: Cost-effective reinforcement system for frames walls helps support against failure from violent lateral forces. Strips of resin-impregnated textile in crossed pairs are attached to frame members. Attachment of ends of strips is ductile due to use of multiple fiber anchors.

Abstract: The invention relates to a ceiling formwork system comprising several grid elements, each of which is composed of a plurality of parallel longitudinal beams and at least one transversal beam that can be mounted or placed on vertical supports and extends perpendicular to the longitudinal beams. The longitudinal and transversal beams of the grid elements are rigidly interconnected. Standard grid elements are provided with two transversal beams in the opposite terminal areas of the longitudinal beams while transversal compensating grid elements are fitted with two transversal beams which are offset towards the inside in relation to the standard grid elements.

Abstract: A fixing device (D) for panels (2) made, for example, of glass or the like by means of anchorage means with spherical joint, comprises at least one support equipped with means for fastening the edge of the panels (2), in which each panel to be fixed intersects, with its own thickness, a spherical surface of rotation of the spherical joint itself. In this way, it is advantageously possible to prevent any need to make holes in the panels (2) themselves.

Abstract: The nail brace applicator serves for the application of a strip-shaped and leaf-spring-like nail brace onto a nail of a toe or finger. It comprises an elongated main body extending in a longitudinal direction, having a first end face extending approximately perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and having a first application zone with a first application surface formed by the first end face. Additionally, the nail brace applicator comprises a mounting element for releasably mounting the nail brace to be applied on the first application surface.

Abstract: An automated system and method for emptying the contents of pharmaceutical containers. In an embodiment, a gripper unit receives and holds a pharmaceutical container. A cutter cuts the pharmaceutical container, and a rotating unit, operable with the gripper, rotates at least a portion of the gripper unit to empty the contents of the pharmaceutical container.

Abstract: A banding system for piled products with a machine frame, a band feed mechanism disposed on the machine frame for feeding band material from a supply roll, means for forming a loop with said band material around the products to be banded, welding means to close said loop, and cutting means for cutting said band material, said means for forming the loop comprising transporting means for transporting the band material around the product to be banded and vacuum means connected to the transporting means. Said means for forming the loop are movable with respect to machine frame between an operating position where the means for forming the loop are in contact with the band feed mechanism to perform the banding operation and an open position where the means for forming the loop are displaced away from the band feed mechanism to create an opening therebetween allowing a transfer of products to be banded between the band feed mechanism and the means for forming the loop.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for wrapping a plurality of tubes which includes a plurality of supporting stations, each of which includes a pair of stanchions upon which pulleys are positioned. An endless belt is threaded along the pulleys and one of the pulleys is driven by a drive motor to move the endless belt to rotate a bundle of tubes positioned on the belt. A roll of stretch wrapping plastic material such as polyethylene is disposed upon a trolley movable along a rail. The polyethylene plastic film engages the exterior of the bundle of tubes and as the bundle rotates, the film is moved from the roll to encompass and wrap the bundle of tubes.

Abstract: An apparatus for printing isolated packaging elements (11) comprises a conveyor (10) comprising a plurality of transportation segments (15), wherein the isolated packaging elements (11) are maintained in a stock (21). A feeder (20) is provided to transfer at least one isolated packaging element (11) from the stock (21) on one transportation segment (15), wherein each isolated packaging element (11) is held fast on the corresponding transportation segment (15) through a holding element associated to said transportation segment (15). At least one drive (26) is connected with the conveyor (10) to move the conveyor (10). A print module (40) is provided above the transportation segments (15) to print, on the isolated packaging element (11), the sides (12, 13) opposite to the surface oriented towards the transportation segment (15).

Abstract: A vacuum or pressure refrigerator for storing containers having one-way valves and maintaining contents thereof under vacuum or pressure within a specific temperature range. Upon receiving an input that the door is closed, a refrigerator controller is adapted to cease operation of the cooling device and initiate a vacuum or pressure cycle. The vacuum or pressure cycle includes evacuating at least a portion of or pressurizing the air inside the compartment, operating the pump until a desired degree of vacuum or pressure is attained and terminating pump operation. The one way valves then evacuate or pressurize the containers. The controller is also adapted to subsequently initiate a cooling cycle, the cooling cycle commencing when it is determined that the temperature is above an upper set point and to operate the cooling device until the temperature reaches a desired lower set point, at which time the cooling cycle is terminated.

Abstract: A method and device for finishing packets having respective overwrappings of heat-shrink material, whereby the overwrappings are sealed about the respective packets and then heated to shrink and adapt to the configuration of the packets; after being heated, the overwrappings are cooled to set and so reduce the risk of damage to the overwrappings at subsequent processing stages.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for forming and filling a flexible package are provided in which an evacuation device (26) and a fitment (20) are attached to a sheet of flexible material (16). The sheet of flexible material (16) is formed into a package that is filled and sealed.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for wrapping articles and more particularly a pile of goods on a palette, in a foil hood, comprising the following operations—draw off of a length of a flat tube consisting from a supply, said flat tube consisting of respectively two foil webs, which are folded in an inward direction and accordingly are directly superposed in a flat state with an integral foil, opening out the end, which is to the fore in the draw off direction, of the tube, at least partially sealing the length, pulled off the foil supply, essentially athwart the draw off direction at a position remote from the foremost end of the tube (sealing position), cutting off the tube from the remaining foil supply at a position preceding the sealing position as considered in the draw off direction, drawing the tube over the articles to be wrapped, preferably after preceding reefing of the hood or of the tube portion eventually forming it on a reefing means, the flat tube, after final draw off from the supply thereof and pri

Abstract: A method of making an easy open end for a container includes steps of providing a can end blank having an end panel and forming the can end blank in a series of forming operations that are performed with specialized and unique tooling. The can end is preferably shaped during the forming operations so that a major portion of the end panel is curved. Specifically, the curvature is preferably such that a top surface of the major portion is generally concave and a bottom surface of the major portion is generally convex. The end panel is also preferably shaped and constructed so that the curved major portion will invert in shape upon the application of a sufficient predetermined pressure differential between the top and bottom surfaces. A method of testing a fill level of a sealed container is performed in reliance on this “cricketing” or “oil canning” effect.

Abstract: A horse-drawn carriage 50 comprises a wheeled chassis 58, a boom 40 for drawing the carriage and a linkage mechanism 46, 51-56 which connects the boom 40 to the chassis 58. The boom has a seat 45 for a rider. The linkage mechanism 46, 51-56 permits movement between the chassis 58 and the boom 40 and includes a shock absorber 55 which acts between the chassis 58 and the boom 40. The linkage mechanism can permit rotational movement of the chassis with respect to the boom 40. A harness arrangement comprises a hitch 12 for coupling to the boom, the hitch being mounted to the harness such that the hitch can move in a direction substantially aligned with, or parallel to, the horse's back with tensioning means 34, 35 restricting movement of the hitch. The harness arrangement can reduce jolting to both the horse and the rider, resulting in a smoother drive.

Abstract: A vacuum apparatus rotatable about an axis through a filter screen for continually removing contaminants, which utilizes an asymmetrical vacuum arm supported by a center hub, and large longitudinally extending asymmetrical vacuum orifices in portions of the arm on opposite sides of the hub, operable for removing large elements of debris, trash and the like from the screen. One of the arm portions cleans a radial outer region of the screen, and the other cleans an inner region, the arm portions being generally even in mass for balance. A knife disposed on the screen cleans and cooperates with a brush on the arm for breaking up larger elements of trash. The arm is also manually removable via a snap together vacuum seal joint, for service and cleaning.

Abstract: A cartridge element and a dust collector is provided that can achieve a decrease in the size of a dust collector using a cartridge element, can effectively disperse dust, can be easily used, and has a simple structure. The cartridge element is a plate-type element and comprises a planate filter 1 composed of a cylindrically formed pleated filter medium, a cap 2 that maintains the pleats and the opening of it in a planate shape, an upper-end member 3, and a reinforcing material 4 that is made by pipes or a round bar that is made by resin.

Abstract: A trap device (18) is described for removing species from a gas stream drawn from an enclosure by a vacuum pump. The trap comprises a casing (28) having an inlet (16) connectable to the enclosure for receiving the gas stream therefrom and an outlet (20) connectable to the vacuum pump for exhausting the gas stream from the casing. A plurality of cartridges are each removably insertable into the casing through a respective aperture (36) of the casing (28) and provide a respective flow passage between an inlet and an outlet thereof for gas passing through the casing, each cartridge housing means for removing species from the gas passing therethrough as solid material collecting within the cartridge.

Abstract: The invention relates to a vacuum cleaner filter bag made of a filter material, comprising at least three layers with at least two layers of a non-woven or non-woven fabric layer, and at least one layer of a fibre web layer of fibres and/or filaments, wherein the at least two non-woven layers and the at least one fibre web layer are connected to each other by a thermal bonding connection.

Abstract: Object of the present invention is to provide a dust collecting device (10) for a vacuum cleaner of the dust collecting performance is improved. For this, a dust collecting device (100) for a vacuum cleaner is provided, including a primary cyclone unit (200) for separating dust by a cyclone principle, a secondary cyclone unit (300) around the primary cyclone unit (200) for separating dust from air discharged from the primary cyclone unit (200) by the cyclone principle, a primary dust container (111) for storing the dust separated at the primary cyclone unit (200), and a secondary dust container (112) in the primary dust container (111) for storing the dust separated at the secondary cyclone unit (300).

Abstract: Three exhaust trap units are arranged in series in an exhaust trap device for trapping substances solidified from exhaust gas and exhaust gas paths are formed inside the exhaust trap units. One or more collision plates are placed in each trap unit. The collision plates in each of the two upstream side exhaust trap units are arranged such that a space extending in the axial direction of the exhaust path is present therein without being blocked by any of the collision plates. The collision plates in the downstream side exhaust trap unit are arranged such that such a space is not present. Uneven distribution of the amount of accumulation of solidified substances is suppressed without performing complex control, and outflow of the solidified components to the downstream side of the exhaust trap device can be reliably reduced.

Abstract: The invention relates to a filter plate for a particulate filter which serves to separate particulates out of an exhaust gas flow of an internal combustion engine. A filter plate for a particulate filter which serves to separate particulates out of an exhaust gas flow of an internal combustion engine is proposed, which filter plate is composed of a substrate material, which is permeable to gas and is coated with a sintered metal powder, and has a surface region which extends substantially in a plane. It is provided according to the invention that the surface region (2) is provided with alternating linear depressions (3) and elevations (4), with a section (2a) of the planar surface region (2) remaining at least between two successive depressions (3) or elevations (4). The filter plate is suitable for the construction of a particulate filter which serves to separate particulates out of an exhaust gas flow of an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A grass collecting apparatus for a lawn mower comprises a frame (22) supported by a vehicle body, a container supporting member (26) for supporting a grass collecting container (21) for storing grass clippings and including a container supporting surface (27) for receiving an opening edge of the grass collecting container, and a container cover (23) mounted on the frame to be oscillatable about a horizontal axis between a closed position and an opened position. An engaging member (35) is mounted on the container cover (23). The engaging member (35) is engageable with the opening edge (21b) of the grass collecting container (21) with oscillation of the container cover (23) from the opened position to the closed position, thereby positioning and maintaining the grass collecting container (21) on the container supporting member (26), and disengageable from the opening edge (21b) of the grass collecting container (21) with oscillation of the container cover (23) from the closed position to the opened position.

Abstract: A grass cutting unit (1) includes a frame (2) and, provided in connection with the frame: a cutter (3) for cutting grass and support elements (4; 41, 42) for supporting the cutting unit (1) against the ground, particularly when cutting grass. The cutting unit (1) is provided with a cutting height setting device. In a most preferred embodiment of the invention, the cutting height setting device includes two lead screws (7; 71, 72; 73, 74) that are connected to the ends of both support reels (4; 41, 42), and the corresponding nut elements are connected to the frame; by rotating the lead screws by driving motors, advantageously electric motors (6; 61, 62), each support reel can be moved essentially in the vertical direction, and simultaneously the cutting height can be adjusted within the desired limits.

Abstract: A smoothing/sifting rake, fork, pitchfork, or similar forked hand tool or attachment or tool head for mechanized machinery has specially welded tines. The tines each have a lower section located on the backbone of the tool head and a working section extending outwardly from the backbone. Each tine also has two longitudinally extending lateral surfaces, two vertical surfaces and a transversely extending back edge surface therebetween. In one embodiment, welds extend the full longitudinal length of one of the lateral surfaces, the full length of a vertical surface, the transverse length of the back edge surface and down the second vertical surface to the junction between the bottom of the vertical surface and the second lateral surface. Welds can also extend partially along the longitudinal length of the second lateral surface for a distance not to exceed three quarters of its length. For heavy duty applications, welds are optionally applied to the back edge surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of increasing the molecular mass of a polycondensate in solution, wherein polycondensate is reacted with at least one chain extender out of the group consisting of bislactams, cyclic amino ethers, siloxanes and thiols. The invention further relates to a high molecular mass polycondensate in solution, wherein the polycondensate has an intrinsic viscosity as measured in hexafluoroisopropanol of at least 0.9 dl/g and a molecular mass distribution (Mw/Mn) of less than (2). The invention further relates to a process for producing a filament or film of a polycondensate comprising forming a solution of polycondensate by the method according to the invention, extruding the solution through a spinneret or a slot die, through air and into a cooling bath to form a gel filament or film, optionally removing residual solvent from the filament or film and drawing the filament or film at least (15), preferably at least (25) times.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for treating filament yarn by means of air nozzles comprising at least two injector/cover plates that can be clamped together, and at least one air supply channel. Said injector/cover plates form a yarn treatment chamber in the assembled state. According to the invention, the yarn treatment chamber is formed between the injector/cover plates that can be clamped together, in the longitudinal direction of the plates, and the air nozzle is embodied as an open nozzle comprising a threading slit and an individual air supply channel for the yarn channel in the injector/cover plates. The invention has two decisive advantages. The shape of the injector/cover plates is limited to the inherent core functions, namely a yarn channel formed in the plates, the threading slit, and the individual air supply channel for the yarn channel in the plate. The miniaturisation of the injector/cover plates significantly simplifies the production problems.

Abstract: A link for a chain, which is used in a linear actuator, comprises a base member and a plate pivotably mounted on the base member. An arm extends from the plate. A first connecting means is disposed on a distal end of the arm to connect the link with a first adjacent link. The plate has a protrusion for releasably engaging a second adjacent link. A second connecting means is disposed on the base member to connect the link with the second adjacent link.

Abstract: A core engine of a variable cycle gas turbine engine includes a low pressure spool for generating streams of bypass air and pressurized air, and a high pressure spool for further pressurizing the stream of pressurized air to generate streams of combustion air and supercharged auxiliary air. A peripheral case surrounds the engine case to form a peripheral duct. An auxiliary combustor and propulsor are positioned within the peripheral duct. A bleed duct extends from the high pressure spool to the auxiliary combustor. Variable ductwork directs airflow through the bleed duct and peripheral duct in two modes. A first mode comprises directing the stream of auxiliary air to the auxiliary combustor, and directing stream of inlet air through the peripheral duct. A second mode comprises directing the stream of auxiliary air into the stream of bypass air, and preventing inlet air from entering the peripheral duct.

Abstract: A gas turbine propulsion system comprises a turbofan engine, a peripheral duct, an annular frame, an auxiliary turbine and an auxiliary fan. The turbofan engine is configured to produce bypass air and combustion air. The bypass air flows through a bypass duct and the combustion air flows through a core engine. The peripheral duct surrounds the turbofan engine and is configured to selectively receive peripheral inlet air. The annular frame is disposed aft of the bypass duct and the peripheral duct, and is rotatable to alternately guide the bypass air out the bypass duct or the peripheral duct. The auxiliary turbine is connected to an aft end of the core engine and is configured to receive the combustion air. The auxiliary fan is connected to the auxiliary turbine and is configured to receive airflow from the peripheral duct.

Abstract: The high efficient heat engine process can use either water or liquefied gases for its working fluid to extract thermal energy from the ambient or non-ambient heat sources to increase its heat transfer rate and its power generation efficiency. The slower-speed two-phase turbine has a high ratio gear reducer to increase a generator's speed and produce power at about 50% efficiency. A high ratio gear reducer is used to increase its generator's speed and meet its power generation requirements (3,600 RPM). The two-phase separator and compressor/pump substitute the cooling condenser's position and compress the waste streams directly back to the boiler and allow the process to run at temperatures lower than room temperature, with no need for a conventional cooling condenser. Owing to these two-phase separator/compressor/pump processes, this new heat engine process will not discharge thermal pollution and/or radioactive/hazardous wastes into the heat sink and global environment.

Abstract: An outlet device for a jet engine comprises a number of fixed ducts, each with a gas intake and a gas outlet for conducting a gas from the jet engine, at least two of the outlets of said gas ducts open in different directions, and a gas distribution arrangement is arranged at the gas intakes for selective distribution of the gas to the ducts.

Abstract: The thrust of a rocket motor can be varied to optimize Nozzle Pressure Ratio (NPR) using a design that allows for adjusting the relative position of a plug and a combustion chamber exit. The plug or the exit may be attached to an adaptive control system for position modification. The relative position of the plug and exit may be adjusted to optimize NPR to account for changing propellant flow and/or changing ambient pressure.

Abstract: A hybrid rocket motor includes a supply of oxidizer, a first solid fuel element positioned around the supply of oxidizer, a second solid fuel element positioned concentrically around the first solid fuel element, and a combustion port positioned between the first and second solid fuel elements. The oxidizer interacts with the first and second solid fuel elements within the combustion port to produce a combustion product. A nozzle is in communication with the combustion port for combustion discharge of the combustion product.

Abstract: A new rocket motor assembly configuration is disclosed. Amine based oxidizer is decomposed in the presence of a metallic catalyst to generate an oxygen rich hot gas stream. The hot gas stream is used to trigger a Magnesium based solid fuel in the combustion chamber. The thrust of the rocket motor may be regulated at multiple points. This design thus offers an IM compliant, thrust-adjustable rocket motor that is of a low hazard classification without compromising its performance.

Abstract: A gas generation system includes a fuel source, an oxidizer source, and a combustion chamber. The fuel source is operable to supply a flow of a lithium fuel, and the oxidizer source is operable to supply a flow of a fluorinated carbon oxidizer. The combustion chamber is coupled to receive the flow of lithium fuel and the flow of the fluorinated carbon oxidizer and, upon receipt thereof, supplies a combustion gas. The combustion chamber is formed, at least partially, of a carbon material.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method are disclosed for reducing nitrogen oxide emissions in a combustion engine. The method includes a shift detection module determining an out of gear (OOG) indicator for a manual transmission. The method further includes an engine speed module determining an engine speed target based on at least one operating condition of the engine. The method continues with a load determination module determining an engine load target in response to the OOG indicator and an engine acceleration module determining a desired net torque based on the engine speed target and the engine load target. Finally, the method concludes with an emissions module determining a minimum fuel target based on the desired net torque and an actuation module generating a fueling signal to engage an engine fueling.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for controlling the reducing agent in an exhaust gas aftertreatment system of an internal combustion engine with an exhaust gas duct in which an SCR catalyst is provided in the direction of flow of the exhaust gas. A reducing agent-generating system (RGS) comprising an NOx and CO/H2 production unit as well as a combined NOx storage/ammonia production unit in the standard gas path of the reducing agent-generating system. Ammonia is delivered upstream from the SCR catalyst to reduce nitrogen oxides, starting materials for producing the ammonia being fed at least in part to the NOx and CO/H2 production unit via a fuel inlet and an air inlet. An AGC matrix of the combined NOx storage/ammonia production unit is cooled at least intermittently by means of an inner and/or outer cooling device.

Abstract: An exhaust gas treatment system for an internal combustion engine reduces the amount of NOx in exhaust gas flowing through an exhaust passage of the engine. The system has a plasma generator including two electrodes spaced away from each other in the exhaust passage, a high-frequency power supply connected to one of the electrodes, and a NOx absorber provided between the electrodes.

Abstract: Provided are exhaust systems, components, and catalytic articles that have been passivated for use in conjunction with diesel engines that includes a NOx abatement system that uses a reductant. These items are passivated in order to minimize degradation of a reductant in their presence when, for example, they have been subjected to temperatures in excess of 650° C.

Abstract: An abnormality determination apparatus for an electrically heated catalyst provided in a plug-in hybrid vehicle having a battery that is charged by connecting an external charging device to an external electric power supply is equipped with an abnormality determination portion that makes a determination on an abnormality in the electrically heated catalyst when the external charging device is connected to the external electric power supply.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification device of an internal combustion engine having a NOx catalyst provided to an exhaust passage for occluding NOx in a lean atmosphere and for reducing the occluded NOx in a rich atmosphere has an exhaust gas recirculation passage for recirculating the exhaust gas from the exhaust passage to an intake passage, an exhaust gas recirculation valve provided in the exhaust gas recirculation passage, a rich combustion control section for performing rich combustion in the internal combustion engine, and an exhaust gas recirculation valve control section for controlling an opening degree of the exhaust gas recirculation valve to conform a pressure value in the intake passage to a predetermined pressure value while the rich combustion control section performs the rich combustion.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying apparatus for an internal combustion engine having a particulate filter provided in an exhaust system of the engine. Regeneration control is performed of burning particulates accumulated in the particulate filter. An oxygen concentration in exhaust gases flowing into the particulate filter is detected, and a flow rate of oxygen flowing into the particulate filter is calculated according to the detected oxygen concentration. An inflowing oxygen amount is calculated by integrating the oxygen flow rate when performing regeneration control. It is determined that an abnormality has occurred if the inflowing oxygen amount at a time when regeneration control ends is equal to or less than a predetermined amount.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for controlling the temperature of a fluid additive for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine. The system has means for exchanging heat between the additive and a refrigerant circuit of a refrigerant system. The fluid additive is preferably a NOx-reducing additive, in particular a urea-water solution, for an SCR catalytic converter system of a motor vehicle. Here, a direct or indirect exchange of heat may be provided between the refrigerant circuit of the refrigerant system, specifically in particular of a vehicle air conditioning system, and the additive.