Abstract: A device for calming a horse includes a cover. The cover is configured to be mounted on a horse's head so that the cover at least limits the horse's central, side and upper vision and allows the horse to view its front hooves relative to the ground.

Abstract: An apparatus (1) for the cleaning of a boiler (2) by means of a cleaning fluid (3), with at least one cleaning appliance (4) which comprises means for aligning a fluid distribution device (5) with inner regions of the boiler (2), the at least one cleaning appliance (4) being surrounded by a container (6) and being mountable onto a connecting nipple (8) of the boiler (2) by means of at least one connection piece (7). Particularly preferred application possibilities and operating methods are also explained.

Abstract: A drive train, especially a vehicle drive train, includes: an engine for supplying drive power into the drive train; a cooling circuit in which a cooling medium is revolved in order to cool the engine or an electric generator or another unit; an expansion machine which is driven with fluid or steam as a working medium and by way of which additional drive power can be supplied to the drive train or which drives an electric generator or another unit, the cooling medium of the cooling circuit being simultaneously the working medium of the expansion machine; and a bypass to the expansion machine which is provided through which the working medium of the expansion machine is forced through a switching valve or can be guided past the expansion machine automatically by the prevailing pressure conditions.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a rotary engine and, more particularly, to a rotary engine that, by using cylinder wedge geometry improves output efficiency, and decreases fuel consumption, and at the same time is easy to manufacture, contains fewer parts, uses conventional sealing techniques and has the flexibility to increase or decrease the number of cylinders and rotors to improve the performance of the rotary engine.

Abstract: A two-stroke engine (1) including, an engine block (2) having a cylinder (3), a double-ended piston (4) received for reciprocation in the cylinder (3), the piston (4) comprising a body having first and second opposing ends (7, 9), the first end (7) forming a wall of the combustion chamber (8), the second end (9) forming a wall of a pre-compression chamber (10), the piston (4) including a piston opening (11) between the first and second ends (7, 9); at least one passage extending from the pre-compression chamber (10) to the combustion chamber (8) for charging the combustion chamber(8); a connecting rod (6) operatively connecting the piston (4) to a crankshaft (5), and characterised in that the piston opening (11 ) encloses the connecting rod (6) and the crankshaft (5) protrudes through the piston opening (11).

Abstract: A gas exchange valve actuator for a valve-controlled internal combustion engine is equipped with a rotor, which is to be coupled to a valve member, and a stator, wherein the rotor has at least two stacks, which are arranged at a predetermined distance from one another, of superposed permanently magnetic bars, and the stator is formed, at least partially, from a soft-magnetic material and has at least two pairs of teeth with mutually opposed teeth, of which each pair of teeth receives one of the two stacks between them in each case, while forming an air gap, and wherein the stator has at least two magnetically conductive inner regions which are located between the two stacks and arranged at a predetermined distance from one another in the direction of movement of the rotor and which are at least partially surrounded, in each case, by an essentially hollow-cylindrical coil arrangement, the central longitudinal axis of which is oriented approximately transversely to the direction of movement of said rotor.

Abstract: According to some embodiments, there is provided a four-stroke cycle internal combustion engine in which an amount of valve lift is switchable in more multiple steps according to an operating range. In a four-stroke cycle internal combustion engine 1 including an intake valve 7, an exhaust valve 6, and a valve driving device 8 open/close-driving the intake valve 7 and the exhaust valve 6, at least one of the intake valve 7 and the exhaust valve 6 is provided in plurality, and the valve driving device 8 includes a first and a second variable valve system 26, 26? performing multi-step switching control of at least one of an opening/closing timing and an amount of lift of the valve provided in plurality, independently on a per valve basis.

Abstract: A pneumatic actuator, connected to a pressure fluid circuit (6) that has a high pressure side and a low pressure side, an actuator cylinder (8, 9), an actuator piston (10, 11) provided in said actuator cylinder (8, 9) and displaceable between a first position and a second position, an actuator chamber (12, 13), delimited by said actuator cylinder (8, 9) and the actuator piston (10, 11), wherein the volume of said actuator chamber decreases upon a displacement of the actuator piston (10, 11) from the second to the first position to the first position, a spring means provided to drive the actuator piston (10, 11) from the second position to the first position, and means (25) provided to maintain or establish a communication between the low pressure side and the actuator chamber (12, 13), during a displacement of the actuator piston (10, 11) from the second position towards the first position, and at the same time to keep the communication between the high pressure side and the actuator chamber (12, 13) interrup

Abstract: A roller finger follower assembly for variably activating a valve in an internal combustion engine includes at least one vertical recessed channel formed inside an outer arm and a shaft. The channel includes a machined upper surface closing the channel. The shaft engages with the recessed channel, the shaft reciprocates within the recessed channel, and the upper surface stops an upward movement of the shaft.

Abstract: Proposed is a valve drive for an internal combustion engine, having a gas exchange valve (11) and having a valve actuating element (4) which has a contact face (8) for an end face (9) on a valve shank (10) of the gas exchange valve (11) which is actuated in the opening and closing direction by the valve actuating element (4). Here, the contact face (8) and/or the end face (9) should be provided with a wear prevention layer (12) which is composed of at least one metal-free amorphous hydrocarbon layer with sp2 and sp3 hybridized carbon.

Abstract: A diagnostic device for the starter of a combustion engine is provided. The electrical system of a motor vehicle includes a battery in whose connecting line a battery disconnect switch is provided, and the electrical system of the motor vehicle is monitored by a vehicle electrical system state detection device which includes starter diagnostic functionality.

Abstract: A technique is provided for improved response of internal combustion engines to increased load demands. The engine is equipped with an air storage tank that stores compressed air. The air may be stored at an elevated pressure (e.g., manifold air pressure) during normal full load operation of the engine. Valving maintains the compressed air isolated during normal operation. During transitory periods of higher power output demand, the compressed air is directed to the engine, and output of a turbo-driven compressor can be vented to avoid surge. The technique allows for quicker reaction to load demands, and improved combustion during transitory periods, and reduced particulate and smoke emissions.

Abstract: An intake manifold for an internal combustion engine that distributes a fuel-air mixture to an engine. The manifold includes a box-shaped chamber defined by at least four sidewalls. The chamber is mounted atop multiple intake runners, and opens to an intake plenum to which multiple runners are joined. The box-shaped chamber can include a mounting flange to which a substantially planar cover plate can be mounted to close the top of the box-shaped chamber. The cover plate can define at least one hole to accommodate a carburetor, throttle body or other fuel-air mixture delivery device.

Abstract: A housing part has a sealing surface around the housing part which is to be fastened by means of a seal to another housing part in a sealing manner. At least one fastening opening is provided for the guiding through of fastening elements, in order to seal the housing part on another housing part. At the at least one fastening opening, a ring-shaped projection is arranged which projects over the sealing surface and defines a minimum distance between the sealing surface of the housing part and sealing surface on the other housing part.

Abstract: The application relates to a driving mechanism which is comprised of a toggle rod and a ratchet wheel (61), the toggle rod is comprised of a linkage (4) and a big arm (24) of a sliding bush (14), and the driving mechanism converts reciprocating motion to rotary motion. Four parallel cylinders (2) are disposed in a cylinder block (1), a main shaft (25) is placed between the cylinders (2), and the axis of the main shaft is perpendicular to the axis of cylinders. There are two big arms (24) and two small arms (34) on the sliding bush (14). The linkage (4) is connected to the big arm (24) by a pin. Pistons (3) are reciprocated, and the big arms (24) are swayed by the linkage (4). The small arm (34) has forward and reverse detents (29). The mechanism is used in engines and other transmission mechanisms.

Abstract: A piston compressor includes a crankcase having an interior space. The compressor also includes a crankshaft, at least one connecting rod having a connecting rod head that interacts with the crankshaft. The at least one connecting rod and crankshaft are arranged in the crankcase and the crankcase and the at least one connecting rod are of a non-split configuration to permit assembly of the at least one connecting rod on the crankshaft by a threading into the interior space of the crankcase.

Abstract: The invention discloses a rotary internal combustion engine that includes a cylinder with circular section, containing two identical cylinder blocks with semi-circular sections. Two identical rotors are installed within the cylinder block and are provided with four pistons with piston rings similar to the reciprocation engine. Two identical rotor shafts are vertically fixed on the two rotors respectively. Two non-circular gears are installed on the two rotor shafts separately, which engage with two eccentric gears respectively attached to one output shaft respectively. The rotors work four times every revolution, equivalent to the work done by a 4 cylinder 4 stroke internal combustion engine for every two revolutions of the crankshaft. The engine may include multi spark plugs or injectors, multi intake ports and multi exhaust ports. The engine may also combine multi cylinder blocks to provide larger output power.

Abstract: We present a high-efficiency crankless reciprocating steam engine that loses only a small amount of energy when the rectilinear motion of its piston is changed into the rotary motion of its driveshaft. The present invention continuously rotates a valve in one direction while alternately introducing steam into two piston housing chambers to generate the rotary force of the driveshaft. Therefore, engine efficiency is greatly increased because the inertial force losses in the valve are much smaller compared to the case when the valve rotation stops or changes direction.

Abstract: A center cavity made up of a generally circular recess is formed in a head of a piston. An injector is provided for injecting fuel into the center cavity. Sub-cavities are connected to the center cavity on the periphery side of the head. The injector is positioned to inject fuel to a border portion between the sub-cavities and the center cavity.

Abstract: A system and method of controlling an internal combustion engine are provided. The method may include closing said intake valve at a timing in a first range, which is before a maximum charge closing timing with which an amount of air inducted into said cylinder from said air intake passage would be maximized at a given engine speed, during a cylinder cycle when a desired amount of air to be inducted into said cylinder is less than or equal to a predetermined air amount at the given engine speed. The method may further include closing said intake valve at a timing in a second range, which is after said maximum charge closing timing and separated from said first range during a cylinder cycle, when a desired amount of air to be inducted into said cylinder is greater than said predetermined air amount at the given engine speed.

Abstract: A system to prevent engine stalls for a machine having a power source is disclosed. The power source is in communication with a controller, which is configured to determine the temperature of the power source and compare the temperature of the power source to a predetermined threshold temperature. The controller is configured to disable power source braking if the temperature of the power source is less than the threshold temperature. The controller is further configured to determine the power source speed and the travel speed of the machine, and disable power source braking if the power source speed and machine travel speed are less than predetermined thresholds.

Abstract: An engine ECU executes a program including the steps of: calculating a knock magnitude N by dividing an integrated value lpkknk obtained by integrating the magnitude of vibration in the knock detection gate by BGL; controlling ignition timing according to a result of comparison between knock magnitude N and a determination value VJ; stopping updating of a standard deviation ? when it is determined that determination value VJ to be compared with knock magnitude N is to be changed; updating a median value VM by increasing an update amount of median value VM; and updating BGL according to median value VM and standard deviation ?.

Abstract: With reference to FIG. 1, the present invention provides an internal combustion engine (10) comprising a variable volume combustion chamber (13); an air intake system (18,20,21) for delivering charge air to the combustion chamber (13); an exhaust system (17) for relaying combusted gas from the combustion chamber (13) to atmosphere; and a fuel injection system (19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) for delivering fuel into the charge air for combustion therewith in the combustion chamber (13). The fuel injection system (19,21,22,23,24,25,26) comprises a fuel injector (19) which functions as a positive displacement pump and dispenses an amount of fuel which is fixed for each and every operation of the injector (19); and a controller (23) which controls the operation of the fuel injector (19). In. response to an increasing engine speed and/or load the controller (23) increases in amount the fuel delivered per engine cycle by increasing in number the occasions the fuel injector (19) is operated per engine cycle.

Abstract: A control method of an electronic injection fuel feeding system for an internal combustion engine and displaying at least one injector and a non-continuous flow rate fuel pump actuated by a an actuator device; the control method includes the steps of: determining the desired fuel amount which must be injected at each cycle of the internal combustion engine; driving the injector for injecting the desired fuel amount at each cycle of the internal combustion engine; determining an optimal pumping frequency of the actuator device of the fuel pump according to the desired fuel amount which must be injected at each cycle of the internal combustion engine; and actuating the actuator device of the fuel pump at the optimal pumping frequency.

Abstract: Fuel supply equipment for a vehicle includes a fuel filter cover for covering a fuel filter that is disposed outside of a fuel tank. A fuel pressure regulator for keeping fuel supplied to a fuel injection system under predetermined pressure is arranged so that the fuel pressure regulator is located inside the fuel filter cover and is overlapped with the fuel filter cover when a vehicle is viewed from the side. The fuel pressure regulator is connected to an outflow side of the fuel filter via a fuel hose for keeping fuel supplied to a fuel injection system under predetermined pressure. A holder for supporting the fuel pressure regulator is attached to the fuel filter cover before it is attached to a body frame. The resulting configuration enhances the ability to install and maintain a fuel filter provided outside the fuel tank.

Abstract: An improved high viscosity fuel injection pressure reduction system and method is disclosed for use in an internal combustion engine. The system may include a first fuel line and a second fuel line. The first fuel line may be configured to be coupled upstream of a combustion chamber of the engine when the engine is operated with the first fuel and to provide a first pressurized volume when installed. Likewise, the second fuel line may be configured to be coupled upstream of the combustion chamber of the engine when the engine is operated with the second fuel and to provide a second pressurized volume when installed. The first and second volumes of the fuel lines may provide peak injection pressures lower than a desired pressure when the engine is operated with the first and second fuels, respectively.

Abstract: An injector, a spark plug and a pressure sensor are assembled integrally in a common housing. The common housing is fixed in a mounting hole provided in a cylinder head of an engine so that tip end portions of the injector, the spark plug and the pressure sensor face inside of the cylinder room. For example, a gasket having heat resistance can be provided between a lower end portion of an outer wall of the common housing and an inner wall of the mounting hole for the air-tight sealing. Furthermore, a concave portion may be provided at an outer portion of the common housing so as to form a coolant passage.

Abstract: An accurate control of a solenoid-operated fuel injector in a Diesel or gasoline engine specifies that a pull-in voltage (Vpull-in) higher than the generally available battery voltage (Vbatt) is applied to the injector, and that the injection is ended as quickly as possible, in order that the fuel injection closely follows the solenoid current profile. When the initial pull-in voltage is lower than the expected nominal value, a deviation of the injected fuel quantity appears with respect to the nominal quantity. This inconvenience is overcome by monitoring the actual value of a selected parameter, such as the actual value of the initial pull-in voltage (Vpull-in), and the injection start time (te) and the solenoid energizing time (ET) are correspondingly modified.

Abstract: An apparatus for mixing intake air and exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine includes a chamber having an inlet to supply a stream of intake air, and a second inlet that receives an exhaust gas flow. The second inlet includes a section extending into the chamber of the mixer that has an outer surface that is elongated in cross-section along a longitudinal axis of the chamber in the direction of flow of the flowable media. The mixing apparatus mixes the intake air and exhaust gases without high pressure head loss across the apparatus.

Abstract: A method comprises operating an engine of a vehicle to provide output torque to an input of a torque converter, determining whether the engine is in a cold start condition, fixing an input shaft of a transmission when the engine is in the cold start condition, and coupling the input shaft of the transmission to an output of the torque converter. A control module comprises a combustion control module that operates an engine of a vehicle to provide output torque to an input of a torque converter, a NPD module that determines whether the engine is in a cold start condition, and a transmission control module that fixes an input shaft of a transmission when the engine is in the cold start condition, wherein the input shaft of the transmission is in communication with an output of the torque converter.

Abstract: A method for controlling an internal combustion engine that is to be operated either by petrol or alcohol or by a variable proportion of the two fuels and that includes an electronic control unit that can drive the engine, an admission line, and an exhaust line that includes a richness probe. The method determines the richness of the carbide mixture entering into the combustion cylinders, and increases the duration of the injection by intervals according to the richness of the carbide mixture.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to methods and devices for projecting articles. In particular, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for projecting balls and like articles for interaction with a player where a player may, for example, be considered a human training for or playing a ball sport or, an animal such as a dog exercising by retrieving the projected article.

Abstract: This invention is a motion control mechanism for use in electric toy guns. The mechanism includes a gear set, a piston set that is inside the electric toy gun's body and driven by the said gear set, a primary repositioning spring that is between the said piston set and the toy gun's rear end, and the repositioning set that is installed on the gun body, and moves backward when driven by the said piston set. The said repositioning set is fixed to the piston set, and will move backward when driven by the gear set. It will then reposition itself by the force of primary repositioning spring. The electric toy guns with this invention have the following advantageous features: Since it has a repositioning set, and air release holes, it provides for motions that are more similar to those of real guns. Thus it is more suited for military training and lasts longer.

Abstract: An operational module for a domestic appliance door having a recess formed therein, the operating module including at least one operational control, the operating module comprising a body portion configured for at least partial insertion into the recess of the domestic appliance door. A domestic appliance door, especially an oven door, is configured with at least one recess for at least partially accommodating at least one operational module.

Abstract: A solar energy collection system includes a primary solar receiver and a secondary solar receiver. The secondary solar receiver generates steam using energy from solar radiation incident thereon. The primary solar receiver receives the generated steam from the secondary solar receiver and superheats the steam using energy from solar radiation incident thereon. A plurality of heliostat-mounted mirrors reflects incident solar radiation onto one of the primary and secondary solar receivers. A controller aims a portion of the heliostat-mounted mirrors at the primary solar receiver such that a predetermined thermal profile is provided on a surface of the primary solar receiver.

Abstract: A catalyst for cellulose hydrolysis and/or the reduction of hydrolysis products, in which a transition metal of group 8 to 11 is supported on a solid support. A method of producing sugar alcohols comprising: hydrolyzing cellulose in the presence of the catalyst in a hydrogen-containing atmosphere with pressurization; and reducing the hydrolysis product of cellulose. Provided are a catalyst for use in the production of sugar alcohols by the hydrolysis and hydrogenation of cellulose that affords easy separation of catalyst and product, and that does not require pH adjustment, acid or alkali neutralization, or activation of the catalyst during reuse, and a method of producing sugar alcohols from cellulose employing this catalyst.

Abstract: A breath-controlled inhalation therapy device includes an obturation mechanism, obturating a nozzle opening through which a pressurized gas, preferably pressurized air, is issued when the device is in operation. An actuation mechanism actuates the obturation mechanism only in the exhalation phases of the respiration cycle of a patient. The fluid to be atomized is therefore substantially atomized only in the inhalation phases.

Abstract: There is disclosed a system comprising a fluid reservoir, a liquid solution within the reservoir, the solution comprising an antibiotic of the lincomycin family, a spray nozzle, a spray activator, and a tubular connection connecting the spray nozzle and the fluid reservoir.

Abstract: An inhaler is disclosed wherein medicament in a flat-bottomed container is aerosolized with a vibrator piezoelectric transducer. The transducer is driven by a signal that excites multiple harmonic frequencies to create a complex pattern of oscillations. A circuit for generating the drive signal to the transducer is also disclosed.

Abstract: A respirator which has a collapsible air guide (2) and two filter supports (3), the filter supports (3) each having a first end (35)=joined to the first end (35) of the other, and a second end (36) opposite to the first end (35). The air guide (2) is in a collapsed state when second ends (36) of the filter supports (3) are adjacent to one another, and is in a deployed state when the second ends (36) are further apart. The air guide (2) may be located between the filter supports (3) when the second ends (36) of the filter supports (3) are adjacent to each other.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method in connection with SCUBA diving to control a diver's buoyancy, in which method the diver (11) is equipped with diving equipment comprising at least one air pressure tank (1), a valve device (2) connected to the pressure tank (1) and arranged to supply air from said pressure tank via first supply means (5) to a breathing regulator (4) and via second supply means (7) to an inflatable diving jacket (6) in order to control the diver's buoyancy, inflation of the diving jacket being initiated when the diver has not affected the air flow through the breathing regulator (4) for a certain time period. The invention also relates to a safety device and diving equipment.

Abstract: An aerosolization device comprises a chamber adapted to contain a powder pharmaceutical formulation, a lid at least partially covering the chamber, at least one piercing element forcible through the lid to provide access to the powder pharmaceutical formulation, and a shapeable surface extending from the chamber, the shapeable surface being adapted to undergo a shape change to form a conduit. The powder pharmaceutical formulation may be extracted from the chamber by a user inhaling through the conduit. In another version, the lid is removable from the chamber without the need for a piercing element.

Abstract: An air delivery system for providing a supply of air from a source of air at positive pressure to an interfacing structure located at the entrance to the airways of a patient includes a manifold adapted to connect with the supply of positive air pressure and at least one tube connected to the manifold and adapted to deliver the supply of air to the interfacing structure. Each tube is structured to allow movement between an open phase in which the tube allows the passage of air and a collapsed phase in which the tube is collapsed. Each tube is structured such that weight of a typical patient's head against bedding apparel is sufficient to collapse the tube from the open phase to the collapsed phase.

Abstract: A hyperbaric exercise facility is provided allowing a persons to perform exercises and other activities at increased pressures along with controlled levels of oxygen. Additionally, a catastrophe shelter is provided to protect its occupants from peril.

Abstract: The present invention provides a device for holding a tongue to hold a person's airway open, for example when a person is unconscious. The device comprises a chamber configured to snugly accommodate a tongue, and a resilient hollow bulb that is in fluid communication with the chamber. The chamber has an open end through which a person's tongue can project. The device is configured such that the deforming and releasing of the bulb creates a reduced pressure in the chamber, thereby retaining the tongue within the chamber. The device prevents the tongue from blocking the airway.

Abstract: Methods and devices are provided for marking tissue to be subsequently located for removal from a body or for other examination. In general, a marker is provided that can be delivered to a target tissue. In one embodiment, the marker can include a solution having a visual marking component and a palpably identifiable tactile marking component. The marker can remain in the body and be subsequently visually and/or palpably identified to locate the target tissue.

Abstract: A self-light smoking tool includes a portable inhaler tube having an inhaling end, an opposed lighter-adapter end, and a treatment chamber for receiving a smoking element therein. A lighter includes a flame producing portion detachably coupling with the lighter-adapter end of the inhaler tube. The inhaler tube further includes a plurality of ventilating slots spacedly formed at a surrounding wall at a position closed to the lighter-adapter end. Therefore, the self-light smoking tool is extremely portable and has its own lighter such that the user is able to always carry a self-lighting smoking tool with him for smoking purpose.

Abstract: A humidification control device comprising a container with a chamber for storing and dispensing liquids and a base section in which is formed an opening with a contact surface around the opening's periphery. Also provided is a cigar having at least one exposed cut end and a receptacle, which is hermetically sealed, inside the container's chamber for receiving and retaining the cigar. Additionally provided is a closure plug having a tubular housing member with a closed bottom, a top with an opening and a projecting flange for engaging the opening in the base section conformable to the shape of the area of the container peripheral to the opening. The device includes a humidification source and a tubular case, which is adapted to releasably join with the tubular housing member of the closure plug, for holding the humidification source, and an opening defined by a projecting rim in the tubular case through which the humidification vapors may freely pass.

Abstract: A hair brush having a brush handle equipped with an assembly end piece (1) at its end and by at least one detachable brush head (2) able to be attached to the assembly end piece (1). The brush head (2) is constituted by a hair-bearing rod (7) inserted into the inner part of an essentially rigid perforated tubular sleeve (8) and the assembly end piece (1) is equipped with at least one annular groove (4) that is at least 5 mm deep, and preferably about 15 mm deep and a diameter matching that of the tubular sleeve (8) whereof it is intended to receive one of the ends (12) or male end.

Abstract: In a wig 1, comprising wig bases 1a and 1b, and hair 12 attached to the wig base, the wig base is constituted with a front portion made of an artificial skin 10 of which a front edge is provided to a wig wearer's forehead, and a rear portion connected to the front portion, composed with a cap member having a shape similar to a wig wearer's head shape, the front portion has an artificial skin material 11 and an adhesive layer 30, wherein the adhesive layer 30 has a function to fix a stitch portion of hair by unpeelably adhering to a reverse side of the artificial skin material, and a function of a repeated bonding and peelable pressure-bonding to a scalp.