Abstract: The invention relates to piping comprising a portion wherein the centreline of the portion follows a substantially helical path, wherein the amplitude of the helix is less than or equal to one half of the internal diameter of the piping. When fluid flows in such piping, it is made to swirl. This provides a number of advantages, such as improved in-plane mixing of the fluid, enhanced uniformity of residence time, and so on. The invention also extends to various methods of making such piping.

Abstract: This invention refers to a method for manufacturing curved components (1) for furniture, particularly doors for furniture, comprising: a cold shaping phase of a first panel (2) made in a wooden, plastic or metal material to curve the first panel; a cold shaping phase of a second panel (4) made in a wooden, plastic or metal material to curve the second panel; a cold overlapping phase of the first curved panel, of at least one intermediate separating layer (3) and of the second curved panel by interposing glue between the intermediate layer and the first and second curved panel to make a curved component for furniture.

Abstract: An dye compound of the following formula (1): wherein D represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group; L represents ?CR2—, ?N—, or ?N—NH—; R1 represents a monovalent substituent; R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a cyano group; n indicates an integer of from 0 to 4; when n is 2 or more, then plural R1's may be the same or different.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a sensor 10 for use in a differential pressure monitoring system comprises forming a body portion 12 of the sensor 10 by delivering a molten material to a mould and forming one or more channels 16 in the body portion 12. The channels 16 open onto a first surface 14 of the body portion that, in use, is affixed to a surface of a component to be monitored. The method further comprises forming connectors with the body portion and providing the connectors with a throughway or passage to provide fluid communication with the channels. The connectors, channels and body portion may all be formed concurrently in the moulding process.

Abstract: A method for forming a housing for an electronic device (510) includes providing a first rigid layer (102, 302) including a curved surface defining a cavity (108, 308). A first adhesive (112, 312) is optionally applied over the curved surface, and an electro-optic module (105, 305) having a flexible substrate and a viewable surface (111, 311), is conformally fitted on the first adhesive (112, 312). A second adhesive (114, 314) is optionally disposed over the electro-optic module (105, 305) and a support structure (122) is optionally placed on the second adhesive (114). The support structure (122) includes an attachment apparatus (126) for mounting electronic circuitry. The first and second adhesives (112, 114) are cured. One of the second adhesive (114) or both the first rigid layer (102, 301) and the first adhesive (112) are transparent for viewing a viewable surface (111, 311) on or coupled to the electro-optic module (105, 305).

Abstract: Described are methods and chemistries for preparing firepolished quartz parts for use in semiconductor processing. The quartz parts in need of preparation include newly manufactured parts as well as parts requiring refurbishment after previous use in semiconductor processing. The embodiments described avoid methods and chemistries that may damage the surfaces of the quartz parts and render the parts unfit for use in semiconductor processing. A method in accordance with one embodiment minimizes damage by limiting exposure of the quartz parts to hydrofluoric acid. A quartz part for use in semiconductor processing comprises a surface including a surface portion having a surface portion area to expose to a gas, wherein at least 95 percent of the surface portion area is free of defects and wherein the surface portion has less than E12 atoms per centimeter squared of aluminum.

Abstract: A flow equalizer plate is provided for use in a substrate process chamber. The flow equalizer plate has an annular shape with a flow obstructing inner region, and a perforated outer region that permits the passage of a processing gas, but retains specific elements in the processing gas, such as active radicals or ions. The inner and outer regions have varying radial widths so as to balance a flow of processing gas over a surface of a substrate. In certain embodiments, the flow equalizer plate may be utilized to correct chamber flow asymmetries due to a lateral offset of an exhaust port relative to a center line of a substrate support between the process volume and the exhaust port.

Abstract: A conventional microwave plasma processing apparatus, even when krypton (Kr) is used as a plasma-generation gas, can only obtain an oxide film or a nitride film having the same level of characteristics as those obtained when a rare gas such as argon (Ar) is used as a plasma-generation gas. Accordingly, instead of forming a dielectric window of a microwave plasma processing apparatus with only a ceramic member, a planarization film capable of obtaining a stoichiometric SiO2 composition by thermal treatment is coated on one of a plurality of surfaces of the ceramic member, the surface facing a process space, and then thermally-treated, thereby forming a planarization insulation film having a very flat and dense surface. A corrosion-resistant film is formed on the planarization insulation film.

Abstract: The plasma processing apparatus has a beam-shaped spacer 7 placed at the upper opening of the chamber 3 opposed to the substrate 2. The beam-shaped spacer 7 has an annular outer peripheral portion 7a whose lower surface 7d is supported by the chamber 3, a central portion 7b located at the center of a region surrounded by the outer peripheral portion 7a in plane view, and a plurality of beam portions 7c extending radially from the central portion 7b to the outer peripheral portion 7a. An entire of a dielectric plate 8 is uniformly supported by the beam-shaped spacer 7. The dielectric plate 8 can be reduces in thickness while securing a mechanical strength for supporting the atmospheric pressure when the chamber 3 is internally reduced in pressure.

Abstract: An illuminator emits light obliquely to an end of an adhesive film. A CCD camera is provided in a direction perpendicular to the adhesive film to capture an image of the light reflected irregularly from the end of the adhesive film. A black plate is provided on a back side of the adhesive film. In the image obtained by the CCD camera, therefore, only the end of the adhesive film is displayed whitely in a line shape. A position of the adhesive film is determined based on a line corresponding to the end of the adhesive film. Since the light reflected from the end of the adhesive film is utilized, the position of the adhesive film can be determined accurately irrespective of a color of the adhesive film, a color of a base film to which the adhesive film is joined, and a depth of each color.

Abstract: A spring tension control system for the front and rear application roller arms, and for the sealing tape application rollers mounted thereon, of a tape cartridge assembly of a case sealing machine comprises a first spring-biasing mechanism to control the disposition and movement of the front and rear application roller arms upon which are respectively mounted the front and rear case sealing tape application rollers for applying the sealing tape to the vertically oriented front and rear surface portions of the case. In addition, there is also provided a second spring biasing mechanism which operatively cooperates with the first spring biasing mechanism so as to effectively impart an enhanced amount of tension and speed to the rear case sealing application roller in order to achieve enhanced case sealing processing speeds.

Abstract: A system for mounting the front or rear sealing tape application roller of a carton or case sealing apparatus wherein the front or rear tape application roller is able to be quickly and easily replaced upon its roller shaft without the need for special tools. A spring-biased detent pin which is spring-biased between a radially outwardly position at which the detent pin so as to be engaged with and block removal of the roller from its roller shaft but which may be depressed radially inwardly so as to be disengaged from the roller and thereby permit the roller to be removed from its roller shaft.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for bonding a polarizing plate high in operating efficiency and yield. The apparatus includes a cutting unit for cutting at least a polarizing plate of a strip-shaped film, composed of the polarizing plate and a release film bonded to the polarizing plate, leaving the release film uncut, when a forward end side pre-severed end face of the strip-shaped film perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the strip-shaped film has traveled up to a length corresponding to a length of a substrate, to form a film piece, a release film separating unit for separating the release film from the film piece thus severed, and a bonding unit for bonding the tacky surface of the film piece freed of the release film to a mating position of the substrate so that the forward end side end face of the transported substrate is parallel to the pre-severed end face of the film piece.

Abstract: A treatment liquid permeation unit (10) of the present invention comprises: at least one vibration unit (11); and a vibration transmission unit (12) for transmitting a vibration from the vibration unit (11). The vibration transmission unit (12) is positioned between an adhesive with which a wafer (20) is combined to a supporting plate (21) or an adhesive adhered to a surface of the wafer (20) and the vibration unit (11). A vibration from the vibration unit (11) is transmitted via the vibration transmission unit (12). This promotes the treatment liquid for dissolving the adhesive to permeate the adhesive to which the treatment liquid is supplied. Therefore, the treatment liquid can more uniformly permeate the adhesive in a shorter time. This allows the treatment liquid for dissolving the adhesive to permeate the adhesive with which the wafer is combined to the supporting plate or to permeate the adhesive adhered to the surface of the wafer in a shorter time.

Abstract: Device, system and operation method to perform functions in a semiautomatic manner, which permits the most favorable condition to evaporate a plurality of environmental samples that are diluted in solvents, by means of gas sweeping, preferably nitrogen, and a control electronic system that permits the superficial evaporation of the solvent thanks to exposing a cold sample kept at a constant temperature to a controlled gas flux. Furthermore, safety measures are considered to protect the extract, such as: acoustic and luminous signals that inform when it has been reached a critical moment in the process, reduction of gas flux during the last stage of the evaporation and valves to completely shut off the gas flux if a determined time period is exceeded.

Abstract: A dryer system configured for use in a polyester polymer production process. In one embodiment, the dryer system can be utilized in a non-solid-state polymer production process to dry the polymer particles prior to crystallization.

Abstract: The invention relates to a removable device which can be used to ballast a shower curtain without perforating same, such that the curtain remains vertically in place and does not stick to a person taking a shower. The inventive device comprises only two parts, including a first ballast part (1) which is equipped with a hole (2). According to the invention, part of the curtain (4) is passed through the hole (2), followed by the second part of the device, which takes the form of an elongated element (3). The device is then fixed to the curtain (4) by positioning the second part (3) across the hole (2) once it has been passed fully through same. The length of the second part is greater than the diameter of the hole (2) and, as a result, the second part and the curtain (4) cannot pass back through the hole. Said system is duplicated across the lower end of the curtain (4) in order to provide an adequate, uniform ballast.

Abstract: A building material for use in forming exterior surface coverings. According to a preferred embodiment, the building material consists of the combination of a paper material, bonding agent, and water. The building material can either be formed directly upon a substrate, such as a wall or ceiling, or otherwise formed as a sheet of material or molding that can thereafter be affixed to a given surface or substrate. The building materials can be customized to have a specific type of color, shape and texture, and can further be utilized in a wide variety of building applications.

Abstract: An improved method for treating lignocellulosic material, including a prehydrolysis-mass transfer process, which produces a concentrated hydrolysate volume during the time required for the hydrolysis itself. The improved process comprises the heating of the digester and chip content by direct steam to the required hydrolysis temperature, starting a flow of hot, stored hydrolysate to the top of the chip bed in order to create a trickle-bed type down-flow of hydrolysate, collecting a first fraction of the trickled-down hydrolysate as a product fraction, adding extraction liquid and continuing the trickle flow to collect a second hydrolysate fraction, which will be discharged from the digester to a hot hydrolysate storage tank to be used as the first trickle flow liquid in the next batch.

Abstract: Embossed fibrous structures that exhibit a Dry Burst of greater than 270 g as measured according to the Dry Burst Test Method and more particularly to embossed fibrous structures that exhibit a Dry Burst of greater than 270 g as measured according to the Dry Burst Test Method and a Total Dry Tensile of less than 2375 g/76.2 mm and/or a Geometric Mean Total Dry Tensile of less than 1130 g/76.2 mm as measured according to the Tensile Strength Test Method are provided.

Abstract: Fibrous structures that exhibit a Geometric Mean Elongation of greater than 14.95% as measured according to the Elongation Test Method are provided.

Abstract: Fibrous structures that exhibit a cross machine direction total energy absorption (CDTEA) of greater than 8 cm-g/cm2 as measured according to the TEA Test Method.

Abstract: A solution with a salt-sensitive polymer binder for use in fibrous webs, where the binder contains a copolymer comprising repeat units derived from butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and amino functionalized alkyl acrylate or methacrylate or amino functionalized alkyl acrylamide or methacrylamide optionally including monomers such as vinyl acetate and/or vinyl acetate/ethylene. The binder solution is prepared by emulsion-polymerizing a copolymer and then neutralizing the copolymer with acid to make it water soluble. The binders are particularly suitable for strengthening nonwoven fibrous webs in disposable articles such as wet-wipes, personal care products, diapers, and the like and retain their salt-sensitivity with or without divalent metal scavengers.

Abstract: Fluorescent nanoparticles such as quantum dots are incorporated into paper and other web products such as plastics to achieve cross-direction and machine direction on-line detection of selected components during manufacture. Fluorescent nanoparticles markers are added in known proportions into product formulations along with the selected components of interest. By detecting the fluorescence from the nanoparticles, the selected components can be traced at various stages of production. In addition, by using different fluorescent nanoparticles that emit radiation at different wavelengths, data from individual materials or layers in a composite structure can be ascertained simultaneously with a single sensor. The technique is particularly suited for monitoring expensive and difficult-to-measure components that may be present only in trace quantities.

Abstract: The present invention discloses processes for generating a hydrocarbon feedstock for biofuels synthesis from lignin via hydroprocessing. Embodiments of the present invention can occur in a refinery setting or in a paper mill setting. Embodiments of the present invention can utilize the separated lignin or the entire black liquor solution.

Abstract: The present invention discloses processes for generating a hydrocarbon feedstock for biofuels synthesis from lignin via hydroprocessing. Embodiments of the present invention can occur in a refinery setting or in a paper mill setting. Embodiments of the present invention can utilize the separated lignin or the entire black liquor solution.

Abstract: Fibrous structures that exhibit a Dry Burst of greater than 360 g as measured according to Burst Test Method and optionally, a Total Dry Tensile of less than 2450 g/76.2 mm Machine Direction (MD) Dry Tensile of less than 1520 g/76.2 mm and/or a Geometric GM) Total Dry Tensile of less than 1180 g/76.2 mm as measured according to the Tensile Test Method are provided.

Abstract: A tube bank apparatus is disclosed for distributing stock in a headbox of a papermaking machine. The apparatus includes a tube having a first and a second portion for the flow therethrough of the stock. The first portion defines a bore for the flow therethrough of the stock, the bore having an upstream and a downstream end. The second portion defines a passage for the flow therethrough of the stock, the passage having an upstream and a downstream extremity. The upstream extremity of the passage cooperates with the downstream end of the bore so that the stock flows from the upstream end to the downstream end of the bore and then through the upstream extremity and then the downstream extremity of the passage. The downstream end of the bore has a cross-sectional area which is less than a further cross-sectional area of the upstream extremity of the passage. Also, the downstream extremity of the passage has a cross-section of trapezoidal configuration.

Abstract: A washer for washing and dewatering cellulose pulp is disclosed, comprising a rotary drum with a plurality of external compartments on the drum defined by axial compartment walls distributed along the circumference of the drum, a stationary cylindrical casing enclosing the drum, defining a ring-shaped space between the casing and the drum, and longitudinal seals in the axial direction of the drum diving the ring-shaped space into a forming zone for forming the pulp, at least one washing zone for washing the pulp at an overpressure, and a discharge zone, and where the longitudinal axial seals are attached to positioning cylinders for adjusting the radial position of the seals, and the longitudinal seal has an articulated connection with the positioning cylinders to make possible oblique positioning of the seal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a wash which is suitable, in particular, for centrifugal casting. The wash comprises at least: a carrier liquid; at least one pulverant refractory material; at least one thickener; and a metallic nucleating agent which can initiate crystallization of the metal used for casting. The invention further relates to a process for producing a casting and a casting mold which comprises a mold coating produced from the wash of the invention.

Abstract: The inventive casting method consists in extruding a melt from a metal reservoir into the cavity of a shaped investment mold at a temperature above liquidus and a pressure enabling a maximum splash-free liquid metal flow and increasable along with the melt crystallization to a pressure sufficient for further filling the mold in proportion to the amount of cast shrinkage. The inventive device for carrying out said method comprises a metal reservoir arranged as a removable insert lined from the inside and provided with an annular flange, and a container which comprises the shaped investment mold and a hollow neck provided with a removable thimble. The flange is mounted in such a way that its inner diameter matches with the outer diameter of the thimble, wherein the inner diameter of the flange is smaller than the inner diameter of the insert.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a die includes a stationary die and a movable die. Between the stationary die and the movable die, a product section which includes a main product section, and a protrusion part protruding from the main product section toward a side of the biscuit section, a first runner configured to guide molten metal toward the main product section, and a second runner configured to guide molten metal toward the protrusion part are formed. The second runner is provided at a position deviated from the first runner three-dimensionally, and overpasses the first runner.

Abstract: This invention relates to apparatus and methods for moulding battery group straps. Moulding apparatus, generally indicated at (10), includes a centrally cooled mould block (11) which defines two laterally displaced sets (12, 13) of longitudinal spaced mould cavity (14) and respective lead feed block (15) and (16) having appropriate feed channels. A sensor, in the form of an electrically conducting rod (25), is disposed so that its tip forms one part of the bottom of the mould cavity (14). This can detect as soon as lead enters into the cavity and that detection is used to control the pour time for the lead to a predetermined period, so that the lead entering the cavities is of a constant quantity on each cycle.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heat exchange device, in particular a vehicle radiator, for indirect exchange of heat between a first medium and a second medium, with a first guide section for routing the first medium and a second guide section for routing the second medium, the first guide section being formed by a thermally conductive heat exchange element consisting of graphite foam and being spatially separated from the second guide section, at least part of a second guide section being formed by the heat exchange element. The invention furthermore relates to a method for producing a heat exchange element for a heat exchange device, in particular for the radiator of a motor vehicle.

Abstract: Heat exchanger element for installation in sewage pipelines, the top side of which heat exchanger element has a heat-conducting exchange surface with heat exchanger chambers arranged on it, the heat exchanger element has in cross section a run-in gutter and run-off surfaces contiguous to the latter on both sides, and, in the region of the run-in gutter and the run-off surfaces, lines for the forward run, return run and distribution of a heat exchanger medium are arranged, the floor point of the run-in gutter, the lower region of the lines and/or the free margins of the run-off surfaces being designed as bearings for arranging the heat exchanger element in the sewage pipeline.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cooling system for a computer system, said computer system comprising at least one unit such as a central processing unit (CPU) generating thermal energy and said cooling system intended for cooling the at least one processing unit and comprising a reservoir having an amount of cooling liquid, said cooling liquid intended for accumulating and transferring of thermal energy dissipated from the processing unit to the cooling liquid. The cooling system has a heat exchanging interface for providing thermal contact between the processing unit and the cooling liquid for dissipating heat from the processing unit to the cooling liquid. Different embodiments of the heat exchanging system as well as means for establishing and controlling a flow of cooling liquid and a cooling strategy constitutes the invention of the cooling system.

Abstract: A cooling fin provides at least a projection part and at least a slot is disposed at lateral sides for the airflow producing turbulent flows while passing through the slot and creating eddy currents at the periphery of the cooling fin. Therefore, the cold air, which flows between a plurality of cooling fins, can stagnate longer time for carrying more heat outward and enhancing the heat dissipation efficiency greatly.

Abstract: An active cooling assembly is described. One embodiment of the active cooling assembly includes a fin configured to enable convective heat transfer to an airflow passing over the fin. A boundary layer accumulates between the fin and the airflow, and the boundary layer includes a region of heated air attached to a side of the fin. The embodiment also includes a blade configured to oscillate proximate to the fin to shear the boundary layer that accumulates between the fin and the airflow. The region of heated air is sheared from the side of the fin so that the impedance attributable to the boundary layer of the convective heat transfer from the fin to the airflow is reduced. The fin is coupled to a stationary arm, and the blade is coupled to a swing arm. The swing arm and a spring are driven at a resonant frequency by an actuator.

Abstract: A coiled heat exchanger having a plurality of tubes, which are helically coiled around a core tube in one or more concentric layers of tubes and form a bundle in the form of a hollow cylinder, and also having a shell, which delimits an outer space around the tubes, is disclosed. It is formed in such a way that, during operation, heat is transferred between at least two fluid streams, one of which flows through the interior of the tubes and the other of which flows through the outer space. At least one elastic component that does not transfer heat and comprises a metallic material is arranged inside the shell and radially outside the bundle.

Abstract: A method, dedicated to the fabrication of the panels having built-in heat pipe(s) and/or insert(s) (P), consists in a) providing a bottom plate (SI) comprising, in selected places on either side of the heat pipe or insert accommodation zones, tabs (L) which are substantially flat and suitable for being straightened above its upper face, b) partially straightening the tabs (L) toward the accommodation zones, c) positioning the heat pipes and/or the inserts (C1, C2) in each accommodation zone between the tabs (L) and in contact with the upper face of the bottom plate (SI), d) terminating the straightening of the tabs (L) so that they are pressed against the side faces of the heat pipes and/or inserts (Ci), e) depositing a selected thickness of a first adhesive against the side faces of the heat pipes and/or the inserts (Ci), f) positioning separating structures (N1-N3), substantially having the same height as that of the heat pipes and/or the inserts (C1, C2) on either side of the side faces of each heat pipe a

Abstract: The present invention discloses an air conditioning system comprises a phase separator separating a gaseous refrigerant and a liquid refrigerant from a flowing refrigerant, an evaporator evaporating the liquid refrigerant separated by the phase separator, and at least one compressor including a first compressing part receiving the refrigerant via the evaporator and a second compressing part receiving both of the gaseous refrigerant separated by the phase separator and the refrigerant via the first compressing part, wherein a volume of a first cylinder of the first compressing part is different from a volume of a second cylinder of the second compressing part.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a data center having a plurality of liquid cooled computer systems. The computer systems each include a processor coupled with a cold plate that allows direct liquid cooling of the processor. The cold plate is further arranged to provide adapted flow of coolant to different portions of the processor whereby higher temperature regions receive a larger flow rate of coolant. The flow is variably adjusted to reflect different levels of activity. By maximizing the coolant temperature exiting the computer systems, the system may utilize the free cooling temperature of the ambient air and eliminate the need for a chiller. A data center is further provided that is coupled with a district heating system and heat is extracted from the computer systems is used to offset carbon emissions and reduce the total cost of ownership of the data center.

Abstract: There is provided a heat-emitting element cooling apparatus capable of enhancing cooling effect on a heat-emitting element as well as reducing noise. A heat sink includes a core portion and a plurality of radiation fins fixed to the core portion. Dimensions of the core portion and the radiation fins are defined in such a manner that the diameter L1 of the core portion should be 37% to 45% of the diameter L2 of a shape depicted by a virtual connecting line which connects end portions of the radiation fins.

Abstract: A trap for recovering heat energy from a liquid has a chamber 7 with an internal baffle wall 45-48. An upper chamber opening 9 and a weir at an inlet end 13 of a discharge conduit 11 are on opposite sides of the baffle wall. Liquid fed into the chamber via the upper opening flows downward and under the baffle wall before flowing upward and over the weir to be discharged from the chamber through the discharge conduit. A second liquid flows through a heat exchange conduit 17-24. One preferred embodiment has a concentric arrangement of a plurality of cylindrical baffle walls alternating with a plurality of cylindrical chambers of the heat exchange conduit. A corresponding method of heat recovery is also claimed. In one preferred application, the trap is fitted into the base or floor tray of a shower for recovery of heat energy from waste shower water.

Abstract: A heat exchanger having a tube bundle disposed within a housing with a resilient end structure disposed in compressed, plug-forming relation at least partially across the heat exchanging cavity. The resilient end structure includes one or more boundary segments extending between an internal wall of the housing and the perimeter of the tube bundle. The boundary segment includes a combination of materials having differing compression characteristics providing enhanced support to the boundary segments.

Abstract: A heat dissipation module includes a plurality of cooling fins and at least a guide heat pipe. The cooling fins stack to one another with at least a through hole at the respective cooling fin for being penetrated with the guide heat pipe. A projecting annular part is disposed at a side of the respective cooling fin to surround the circumference of the through hole with an indented spot at the periphery of the projecting annular part. The outer side of said guide heat pipe has an elongated recess extending along the length thereof to correspond to the indented spot such that the indented spot is capable of fitting with the recess after the guide heat pipe passing through the through hole respectively to facilitate the subsequent welding job.

Abstract: A submersible heat-exchanging apparatus comprises a cylindrical heat-exchange component configured with one end for sealingly engaging a terminal plug and the other end for sealingly engaging and communicating with a coupling manifold having opposed inflow and outflow ports. A flow-directing elongate insert is provided with one end configured to engage the coupling manifold interposed the inflow and outflow ports, and the other end provided with an aperture and configured for abutting the terminal plug. The flow-directing elongate insert is configured to slidingly contact and cooperate with the inner walls of the heat-conductive conduit thereby partitioning the heat-conductive conduit into two opposed fluid transmission channels wherein one channel communicates with the inlet port and the other channel communicates with the outlet port.

Abstract: In a liquid tank structure of a heat exchanger, a liquid tank 4 is attached to a heat exchanger having a heat exchanger core defining a condensation part AC and an under cooling part BC, and a pair of headers 1 and 2 each having an inlet part R1, R2 connected with the condensation part AC and an outlet part R3, R4. The condensed refrigerant from the inlet part R2 flows in the liquid tank 4 through an inlet port 1a of an inlet-port side connecting pipe 4a connected with the inlet part R2 of one header 2 of the pair of header. The condensed refrigerant Q accumulated in a bottom portion of the liquid tank 4 is discharged to the outlet part R3 through an outlet port b1 of an outlet-port side connecting pipe 4b connected with the outlet part R3 at a position under an inlet port a1.

Abstract: A number of flat tubes, flat tube heat exchangers, and methods of manufacturing both are described and illustrated. The flat tubes can be constructed of one, two, or more pieces of sheet material. A profiled insert integral with the flat tube or constructed from another sheet of material can be used to define multiple flow channels through the flat tube. The flat tubes can be constructed of relatively thin material, and can be reinforced with folds of the flat tube material and/or of an insert in areas subject to higher pressure and thermal stresses. Also, the relatively thin flat tube material can have a corrosion layer enabling the material to resist failure due to corrosion. Heat exchangers having such flat tubes connected to collection tubes are also disclosed, as are manners in which such tubes can be provided with fins.

Abstract: A cylindrical rocket engine exhaust duct has a liner that fits inside an outer jacket. The outer periphery of the liner has circumferentially spaced ribs defining a sinuous path for a fluid to be heated. The liner has a least one, preferably several, transverse fins with internal serpentine passages for carrying the fluid to be heated through the fins. The fluid to be heated is directed around the periphery of the liner (between the liner and the jacket), and consecutively through the separate fins, along sinuous and serpentine paths for heating of the fluid by heat transfer from the exhaust gas of the rocket engine.