Abstract: A method and system for formatting of recording media.

Abstract: A molecular data storage device and method thereof are disclosed. In an aspect, the molecular data storage device includes a laser source for providing a photon beam, a beam splitter for splitting the photon beam to provide a first and second coherent beams, a data page modulator for encoding with the first beam to provide a signal beam and a storage material disposed such that the first beam and the second beam enters orthogonal faces thereof.

Abstract: An objective optical element for use in an optical pickup apparatus, includes two or more optical elements having a first surface having a first phase difference providing structure and a second surface having a second phase difference providing structure, wherein each of the first and second phase difference providing structures emit a diffracted light flux corresponding to each of the entering first-third light fluxes, or emit a transmitting light flux which is not applied a diffractive action corresponding to each of the entering first-third light fluxes, and the first-third light fluxes enter into the objective optical element as an almost infinite parallel light flux for information reproducing and/or recording on the first-third optical information recording media respectively.

Abstract: An optical head device may include a frame type of laser beam emitting element provided with a heat radiating fin on which a laser chip is mounted, a device frame on which the laser beam emitting element, a light receiving element and an optical system are mounted, and a heat radiation member formed of material having a superior heat conduction property. The upper face of the laser beam emitting element is fixed to the device frame, and an under face of the heat radiating fin which corresponds to a portion where the laser chip is mounted is exposed on an outer side to form an exposed part, and the heat radiation member is disposed to extend over the exposed part and the device frame.

Abstract: An optical disk and a method for identifying the optical disk making it possible to identify a recording system of the optical disk easily in a short time by a recording and reproduction apparatus when a groove-recording system and a land-recording system are both employed in one kind of optical disk, such as, for example, a BD-R. Specifically, a polarity upon reproducing wobble information is made to be the same in both an optical disk of groove-recording system and the optical disk of a land-recording system. The recording system of the optical disk that shows the same wobble polarity irrespective of the recording system can be easily detected by finding a tracking polarity that can recognize the wobble information by changing the tracking polarity, whereby the start-up time of the recording and reproduction apparatus can be shortened.

Abstract: A device and method of setting transmit power backoff of a transceiver within a network is disclosed. The method includes estimating a channel loss of a channel of the transceiver, obtaining channel loss information, the channel loss information including estimates of channel loss of other channels of the network, obtaining crosstalk information, the crosstalk information including estimates of crosstalk between the channel and other channels of the network, and setting the power backoff based on the channel loss of the channel, the channel information, and the crosstalk information.

Abstract: A transmitting device for transmitting data symbols and pilot symbols in an OFDM transmission system; the device comprising symbol generating means for generating said data symbols and said pilot symbols, means for transmitting said data symbols and pilot symbols respectively by using a plurality of subcarriers of said OFDM transmission system, wherein said symbol generating means is designed to selectively generate a first type pilot symbol and a second type pilot symbol being orthogonal to said first type pilot symbol so that a pilot symbol pattern in the frequency dimension comprises at least said first type pilot symbol to be transmitted by using a predefined subcarrier and second type pilot symbol to be transmitted by using other predefined subcarrier, and wherein said pilot symbol pattern has a different pattern from a succeeding pilot symbol pattern in time dimension.

Abstract: Apparatus and systems comprise a forward error correction (FEC) encoder to encode a data block to produce an encoded data block in a radio link control media access control (RLC-MAC) module. The EFC encoder may be coupled to a punctured subset selector to select a punctured subset of the encoded data block for transmission across a communication link. The punctured subset selector may be coupled to a modulator to modulate the punctured subset of the encoded data block using a selectable modulation type selected by a modulation selector coupled to the modulator. Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) logic may be coupled to the modulation selector to receive at least one of an acknowledgement (ACK) or a no-acknowledgement (NACK) that a previously-transmitted punctured subset of the encoded data block was successfully decoded at a receiving end of the communication link. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: An orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission apparatus and method generate a transmission sequence including first data, second data, and known signals such that more known signals are allocated to the first data than to the second data within the transmission sequence. The transmission sequence is OFDM multiplexed into a sequence of OFDM signals and transmitted. A receiver of the OFDM signal sequence uses the known signals for estimating transmission paths of the communicated OFDM signals and improving the reception of the data to which they are allocated.

Abstract: A network device for generating an expanded long training sequence with a minimal peak-to-average ratio. The network device includes a signal generating circuit for generating the expanded long training sequence. The network device also includes an Inverse Fourier Transform for processing the expanded long training sequence from the signal generating circuit and producing an optimal expanded long training sequence with a minimal peak-to-average ratio. The expanded long training sequence and the optimal expanded long training sequence are stored on more than 52 sub-carriers.

Abstract: A communication device is provided that is capable of operating in an OFDM or communication system and that provides for cancellation of in-band spurs. The communication device identifies a bin of multiple bins associated with an output of an inverse transformer and comprising a spur and estimates one or more spur phase parameters and a spur amplitude in association with the identified bin. In one embodiment of the present invention, the one or more spur phase parameters includes a spur initial phase and a spur change rate. When the communication device receives a signal from another communication device, the communication device transforms the received signal to produce a multiple parallel output signals that are each associated with a bin of the multiple bins and cancels a spur in an output signal associated with the identified bin based on the estimated one or more spur phase parameters and spur amplitude.

Abstract: A method, system, and computer program for managing network connectivity between a plurality of nodes and a network resource. The network resource includes a primary path to the nodes and at least one redundant path. A detecting module is configured to determine if the primary path is unavailable to at least one affected node belonging to the plurality of nodes. A switching module is configured to presumptively switch the affected node to the redundant path if the primary path is unavailable. An initiating module configured to initiate a voting procedure among the plurality of nodes to select a new path to the network resource, wherein data flow at the affected node through the redundant path continues during the voting procedure.

Abstract: A restoration path planner that minimizes the worst-case number of cross-connections that must be performed in a network in the event of a single element failure involves a two-phase optimization. The first phase involves finding two node-disjoint paths for each service demand within a network such that the maximum link bandwidth in the network is minimized and the link bandwidths within the network are leveled. The second phase involves identifying the primary and restoration paths for each service demand within the network such that the worst-case number of cross-connections at any node within the network is minimized across all possible single-event failures. Embodiments also consider service demand-bundling that groups service demands with the same source-destination node pairs and routes them along identical primary and restoration paths, and banding, which consolidates multiple low-rate demands into a high-rate demand and consequently decreases cross-connections required in the event of a failure.

Abstract: Logical circuit identifiers for rerouted logical circuits in a data network are automatically renamed. A failure is determined in a first logical circuit and a second logical failover circuit is utilized to reroute data from the failed logical circuit. A logical circuit identifier for the failed circuit is compared to a logical circuit identifier for the logical failover circuit. The logical circuit identifiers are utilized to identify and track logical circuits in the data network and are stored in a network database. If the logical circuit identifier for the failed logical circuit is different than the logical circuit identifier for the logical failover circuit, the identifier for the failed logical circuit is renamed to the logical failover circuit in the database. Upon determining that the failed logical circuit has been restored, the identifier for the restored logical circuit is renamed to its original logical circuit identifier.

Abstract: A computer system teams its network resources by apportioning each of the one or more network resources into one of two or more groups. The resources of each of the groups have links that are operative to be coupled in parallel to a different one of two or more network devices that provide connectivity to a network. One of the two or more groups is selected to be a primary group. A team layer2 address is assigned to one of the resources apportioned to the selected group. Each of the resources of the selected group is enabled to receive on the team layer2 address. The network device to which the selected group is coupled is enabled to load balance data received from the network among the resources of the selected group. Data transmitted from the system to the network is load-balanced over all of the resources independent of the group to which they belong.

Abstract: The decision within a packet processing device to transmit a newly arriving packet into a queue to await processing or to discard the same packet is made by a flow control method and system. The flow control is updated with a constant period determined by storage and flow rate limits. The update includes comparing current queue occupancy to thresholds and also comparing present queue occupancy to previous queue occupancy. The outcome of the update is a new transmit probability value. The value is stored for the subsequent period of flow control and packets arriving during that period are subject to a transmit or discard decision that uses that value.

Abstract: The present invention provides a terminal capable of establishing multiple communication sessions with a public network proxy through different access networks. The terminal actively communicates with the public network proxy to control which of the multiple communication paths are active, as well as control the transition from actively using one communication path to using another. The public network proxy facilitates data and voice sessions between the terminal and any number of other communication devices. In one embodiment, the communication sessions are reserved tunneling sessions, and the terminal cooperates with the public network proxy to effectively control how many tunneling sessions are established, how many tunneling sessions are active at any given time, and the transition from one tunneling session to another for active communications. Each of the communication or tunneling sessions may be established over different access networks using different communication technologies and protocols.

Abstract: A policing device having a table storing monitored bandwidth, packet history information for each importance level, and the allocation weight of the monitored bandwidth for each importance level, a policing table control circuit for reading out these items of information into each storage of a policing unit when a packet is inputted, and a calculation unit for judging the bandwidth of the input packet as being conformant or non-conformant to the contract on the basis of these items of information, thereby to control the bandwidth at each importance level.

Abstract: A device, method, computer program product, and network subsystem are described for receiving wireless data via a node-speed-change-prediction-dependent signal route and relaying at least a portion of the wireless data.

Abstract: An access node comprises an access port configured for operating in a semi-transparent mode. The semi-transparent mode provides for 1:1 between a logical circuit on a network interface of the access node and a logical circuit on an access loop between the access port and customer premise equipment (CPE). The 1:1 mapping enables manipulation of subscriber traffic at the access port on a per-subscriber basis while maintaining logical separation of per-subscriber traffic.

Abstract: Queues are provided, which are a high-speed small-capacity queue disposed in a high-speed small-capacity medium inputting and outputting online form messages at high speed and a low-speed large-capacity queue disposed in a low-speed large-capacity medium inputting and outputting batch form messages at a speed slower than the high-speed small-capacity medium. A residence rate detection unit detects a residence rate of the form messages in the high-speed small-capacity queue. When the form message is received, a storage control unit stores the form message into the high-speed small-capacity queue or the low-speed large-capacity queue determined based on the priority, the availability of the high-speed small-capacity medium and the residence rate. A dynamic allocation change unit transfers the form messages between the queues based on the residence rate of the high-speed small-capacity queue 30-1 and the availability of the high-speed small-capacity medium.

Abstract: Presented is a device for processing packets of flows on a network link. The device includes a scheduling module for scheduling packets in a queue in accordance with a fair queuing with priority algorithm.

Abstract: Techniques to process packets for a wireless network are described. Such techniques may include determining whether a packet received by a radio network controller (RNC) includes control information or payload information. If the packet includes control information, it is sent to a slow path processing module (SPPM). However, if the packet includes payload information, it is sent to a fast path processing module (FPPM).

Abstract: A methods, apparatus and computer memory are provided for packet scheduling. A processor polls queues in a round robin fashion and schedules for transmission onto a link a packet in each queue with no deficit before scheduling for transmission onto the link a packet in each queue with a deficit. A credit is allocated to each queue with the deficit based on a proportional weight, until each queue with the deficit has a credit.

Abstract: A switching device comprises M ports, N bandwidth tracking modules, a mapping memory, and a rate limiting module. The N bandwidth tracking modules each have an adjustable first threshold, an adjustable rate, and a fullness level, wherein M and N are integers that are greater than one. The mapping memory contains a map for each of the M ports, wherein each map assigns a set of the N bandwidth tracking modules to a corresponding one of the M ports, wherein each of the sets is individually modifiable to include zero to N of the N bandwidth tracking modules. The rate limiting module that selectively performs an action on a packet received at one of the M ports based on the fullness levels of the set of N bandwidth tracking modules identified by the map for the one of the M ports.

Abstract: A technique selects a traffic engineering (TE) label switched path (LSP) from among a plurality of TE-LSPs, each of which spans multiple domains of a computer network from a head-end node of a local domain to a tail-end node of a remote domain, in order to reach one or more address prefixes within the remote domain. The inter-domain TE-LSP selection technique comprises a selection algorithm executed by the head-end node and based on predetermined TE-LSP attributes (e.g., bandwidth, cost, etc.) and/or address prefix reachability attributes (e.g., cost from a tail-end node to the prefix) to select an appropriate inter-domain TE-LSP for the reachable address prefix. The selection algorithm is embodied in one of two modes: (i) a hierarchical selection mode, or (ii) a weighted selection mode.

Abstract: A remote service testing system comprising a service analyzer within an access network, a first enterprise network having a first plurality of nodes, and a first network extension coupled to the first enterprise network and the service analyzer. The service analyzer accesses the first enterprise network over the first network extension and performs test functions on the first plurality of nodes.

Abstract: Hardware faults location in a data communications network of a parallel computer. Such a parallel computer includes a plurality of compute nodes and a data communications network that couples the compute nodes for data communications and organizes the compute node as a tree. Locating hardware faults includes identifying a next compute node as a parent node and a root of a parent test tree, identifying for each child compute node of the parent node a child test tree having the child compute node as root, running a same test suite on the parent test tree and each child test tree, and identifying the parent compute node as having a defective link connected from the parent compute node to a child compute node if the test suite fails on the parent test tree and succeeds on all the child test trees.

Abstract: Each node (130) of a SONET bidirectional line switch ring (BLSR) (120) generates a squelch table. Squelch table generation does not require a separate computer connected to the node. Each node also generates a payload table indicating a type of a synchronous transport signals (STS) on each link (140) in the ring. The payload table allows each node to quickly determine the STS type on the protection channels when a ring switch occurs.

Abstract: A protocol test device has at least two channels which each have a transmit and a receive side, the protocol test device being designed to switch a signal transmitted from a first channel to the receive side of a second channel. A method for determining, by approximation, a transmit time of a data package in the protocol test device includes the following steps: a) transmitting a signal via the transmit side of the first channel, b) forwarding the signal to the receive side of the second channel, and, c) in the receive side of the second channel allocating a time stamp to the signal.

Abstract: A method, system, and program product for a data processing system having multiple hosts which dynamically determines blocking of packets in the data processing system. A connection is established between a host and an adapter for communication with a Local Area Network. A set of parameters is established for blocking packets transmitted from the adapter to the host. The set of parameters is stored in the adapter to be used by that connection. The packets transmitted from the adapter to the host are grouped or blocked in accordance with the set of parameters for that connection. Periodically, the packets being transmitted from the adapter to the host are evaluated for determining changes in the parameters. Changes to the set of parameters are recorded in the adapter for that connection to the host.

Abstract: Performance of applications such as service capabilities in a container for providing a multimedia service is monitored. Performance monitoring indicates how well the applications are functioning in terms of predefined metrics and also whether the applications are functioning at all. Responses are prompted if performance monitoring indicates that an application is performing below a predefined level or failing to perform entirely. For example, a hung application may be restarted and other applications may alter their manner of function. This allows complex recovery logic through combinations of simple rules.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for detecting packetization delay of packets in a network. The system includes a router to receive at least one packet containing data. A detection system, which is in communication with the router, extracts a codec information and a packet length information from the packet. A management system, which is in communication with the router, receives the codec information and the packet length information and determines packetization delay based on the codec information and the packet length information.

Abstract: An IP broadcast transmitting device comprises means for acquiring and collecting channel tuning information and program-related information from broadcast signals of each broadcasting station from which the broadcast signals are distributed, means for updating and managing the information, means for distributing the information independently from IP multicast-distributions of the broadcast signals, and means for distributing a service area tuning list with IP multicast-distribution information of the broadcast signals and distribution positions of the channel tuning information and the program-related information of the broadcast signals described therein.

Abstract: A method and device for detecting and halting specified peer-to-peer (“P2P”) and/or Internet Relay Chat (“IRC” communication sessions based on a priori defined templates is described. Network packets are intercepted and inspected for patterns (defined by the templates) that identify them as definitely, likely or not being associated with one of the specified P2P and/or IRC protocols. Those packets identified as definitely belonging to one of the specified protocols are prevented from reaching their target destination. Those packets identified as only likely belonging to one of the specified protocols are permitted to continue toward their target destination after select information about the particular session/packet is recorded for later use. Those packets identified as not belonging to one of the specified protocols are permitted to continue to their target destination.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining network topology includes adapting a single sniffer to collect information from nodes associated with at least two selected areas of the network and determining a topology of at least a portion of the network using the collected information.

Abstract: A sequential iterative methodology is used to generate a solution space with different cost/availability values for multiple network architectures from which an optimal or near-optimal solution can be determined. A modeling module (10) provides a cost value for a network architecture under consideration and, once cost modeling is done, an availability analysis is performed for the architecture under analysis. If a relatively few connections prevent a model from acceptability, the availability analysis module (12) reveals the causing factors of the unsatisfactory availability for those few connections and suggests that the modeling perform further optimisations on those causing factors. This iterative process is repeated until an optimum or near-optimum acceptable solution is found; if no acceptable solution is found, the solutions generated in the availability analysis module are reviewed to find the best available solution.

Abstract: A network management system comprises generic routing encapsulation (GRE) logic configured to establish upon request one or more GRE tunnels from one or more network interfaces; routing protocol logic, coupled to a route database in the apparatus, and configured to operate a network routing protocol and to exchange network route information; network management logic configured to request the GRE logic to establish a particular GRE tunnel from the apparatus to a particular router in the network, to request the routing protocol logic to establish a synchronized route database associated with the apparatus for the particular router using the particular GRE tunnel, to determine whether the synchronized route database is missing one or more particular routes, and to generate a notification message when the synchronized route database is missing the one or more particular routes.

Abstract: A method for verifying full mesh status in a network is disclosed. The network includes endpoint entities in full mesh configuration. The method includes a step of maintaining a first value in the endpoint entities. The first value is related to counting of network endpoint entities. Another step in the method is maintaining a second value in the endpoint entities. The second value is related to counting non-operational transmission paths before a point in time. An additional step in the method is discovering an additional value related to counting non-operational transmission paths after the point in time. Yet another step in the method is comparing the additional value with the first value and the second value.

Abstract: A system and method creates multiple, symmetric spanning trees within a network. Bridges within the network generate, send and process Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) control messages that are updated as they are propagated across the network to reflect the paths followed by the messages. The bridges, moreover, utilize the path indication value of received STP control messages to compute the spanning trees. The path indication values are preferably derived from the sum of Bridge Identifiers (IDs) corresponding to the bridges through which the STP control message has passed from the root bridge to the current bridge processing the STP control message. Each bridge also tags newly received messages with the Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) identifier (VID) associated with the spanning tree for which the bridge is the root, thereby causing the messages to follow more optimal paths through the network.

Abstract: A method for traffic engineering of connectionless virtual private network (VPN) services that includes receiving physical connectivity data for a connectionless VPN. The data includes service nodes and links between the service nodes. One or more of the service nodes are also edge nodes. Logical connectivity data for the edge nodes is received. A restricted topology is created in response to the physical connectivity data and to the logical connectivity data. The restricted topology includes a single path between each pair of the edge nodes and each path includes a plurality of the service nodes and one or more of the links. A bandwidth requirement for each link in the restricted topology is calculated. The bandwidth requirement is reserved on each link in the restricted topology. The method further comprises directing routing software to force a packet received from an edge node through one of the paths in the restricted topology.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the detection and communication of a missing LAN or WAN compliant device is disclosed. The method and apparatus provide a front card configured to accept a Fast Ethernet device on a PCI-compliant bus, and the front card includes a switch which is serially disposed on a PCI_Idsel line corresponding to a particular channel of the front card. The switch is further configured to receive a sensing signal corresponding to the channel from the device. The apparatus is configured to provide the PCI_Idsel line to the front card if the sensing signal is in a first state, and to provide a low potential to the front card if the sensing signal is in a second state.

Abstract: A method configured to continuously receive frames from a plurality of video channels and transmit to each of a plurality of participants in a video conference individual frames containing information concerning each of the video channels. The method only transmits at any given instant new picture data for one of the participants in the video conference.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are disclosed for system provisioning in a multimode wireless communication device. A multimode wireless communication device may store multiple system provision information internally, or combine system provision information stored internally with removable memory devices, which store additional system provision information. The multimode wireless device may simultaneously have access to a plurality of valid system provision information for a plurality of systems. The wireless device attempts to validate one of the plurality of stored system provision information using a hierarchy. The hierarchy may be established by a phone manufacturer or may be programmed by a service provider or a user. The wireless device attempts to validate system provision information based on the hierarchy. Once a system provision is validated, the device activates service or registers in the system. If a less desirable system is acquired, the device may periodically attempt to validate preferred systems.

Abstract: An information distribution method for sending similar information from a sending node to all of receiving nodes in a given state in a dense wireless network. The sending node sends, only one time, information including status data directly to all of receiving nodes in an area where communication with the sending node is possible, not via a node other than the respective receiving nodes. Thereafter, the sending node determines whether or not any record corresponding to a receiving node to which the information should be sent is left in a distribution list. Only when it is determined that any record corresponding to a receiving node is left in the distribution list, the sending node sends information similar in content to the information sent in the directly sending step to the receiving node corresponding to the record left in the distribution list by using a unicast protocol.

Abstract: Various systems and methods are disclosed for performing multicast routing over unidirectional links. For example, one method involves maintaining a multicast adjacency state, which is associated with an interface that is coupled to receive messages from a network device via a unidirectional link. The multicast adjacency state identifies a network address of the network device. The method also involves sending a multicast protocol control message to the network device via a bidirectional path. The destination address of the network multicast protocol control message is the network address in the multicast adjacency state.

Abstract: A system and method of providing advertisements to vehicles is disclosed. An apparatus that incorporates teachings of the present disclosure may include, for example, a system having at least one wireless communication access point deployed along a freeway, a database for storing one or more media files associated with one or more advertisements, the database storing information concerning the types of media files supported by a number of media systems of a corresponding number of user vehicles, and a server coupled to the database having access to the at least one wireless communication access point. The server can direct the wireless communication access point to transmit one or more advertisements to the portable communication devices according to one or more types of media files determined to be supported by the media systems, and the corresponding user vehicles being proximately located to a freeway exit. Additional embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A messaging client and associated method for client-based multicast message transmission is provided. In one embodiment, the messaging client includes a message origination process with an input device, message buffer, recipient list, new message area, and multicast message transmission process. In one embodiment, the method includes: a) receiving a message content to be transmitted in a message, b) receiving delivery information for first and second recipients to whom the message is to be transmitted, c) receiving an instruction to begin the message transmission, d) transmitting the message from the client to the first recipient, and e) transmitting the message from the client to the second recipient. The messaging client and associated method relate to short message service (SMS), enhanced message service (EMS), multimedia message service (MMS), and other types of similar message services.

Abstract: A method of retransmission protocol reset synchronisation in a radio network of a communication system, said radio network including at least one radio network controller RNC for controlling a plurality of base stations in communication with mobile terminals, wherein the RNC communicates with a communication terminal using a radio link control RLC procedure and the plurality of base stations communicate with the mobile terminals using a medium access control MAC procedure, comprising the steps of initiating a RLC reset procedure upon occurrence of an unrecoverable protocol error and initiating a MAC reset procedure in response to a RLC reset procedure.

Abstract: A packet-based, hierarchical communication system, arranged in a spanning tree configuration, is described in which wired and wireless communication networks exhibiting substantially different characteristics are employed in an overall scheme to link portable or mobile computing devices. The network accommodates real time voice transmission both through dedicated, scheduled bandwidth and through a packet-based routing within the confines and constraints of a data network. Conversion and call processing circuitry is also disclosed which enables access devices and personal computers to adapt voice information between analog voice stream and digital voice packet formats as proves necessary. Routing pathways include wireless spanning tree networks, wide area networks, telephone switching networks, internet, etc., in a manner virtually transparent to the user.