Abstract: The invention relates to coating materials containing silane-modified nanoparticles an organic binder and possibly additives, wherein the coating materials contain silane-modified nanoparticles which are obtainable by disaggregating agglomerates containing the particles in the presence of an organic solvent and simultaneous or afterwardly carrying out a silane treatment. Thus the silane-modified nanoparticles provide the coating materials and coatings with an improved scratch resistance.

Abstract: Modified silicates are described which are obtained by reacting a waterglass solution with alkylsilanes of the general formula R—(CH2)n—Si—(X)3, in which X, in each case independently, is CH3, OCH3, OC2H5, OC3H7, OCOCH3 or Cl, and R is a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched or cyclic radical having at least one O and/or N atom and at least 2 carbon atoms, and n is a number between 1 and 3, at a temperature in the range of from about 20 to about 80° C. The modified silicates are suitable for the hydrophilic finishing of hard surfaces, and can be used in detergents and cleaners.

Abstract: A method for producing a bonded color powder concentrate, the method comprising dry mixing a base powder, a pigment powder and a bonding agent; and during the dry mixing, applying heat so as to bring the bonding agent to an adhesive state while the base powder and the pigment powder remain in a stable state, thereby forming agglomerates essentially each comprising a component of the base powder and a component of the pigment powder, bonded together using a component of the bonding agent.

Abstract: When fly ash is added to a cement kiln to materialize it after being desalinated by washing, scale is prevented from growing in a dissolution reaction apparatus depositing calcium-containing compounds dissolved in slurry, and the fly ash is effectively used as a cement material. A dissolution reaction apparatus according to the invention comprises: a dissolution tub 3 for dissolving powder material, a wet dust collector 5 for collecting powder material and mist while reacting slurry S in the dissolution tub 3 with gas G and returning the collected powder material and mist to the dissolution tub 3. A second wet dust collector 7 can be provided for collecting powder material and the like accompanying to the gas G discharged from the wet dust collector 5, and both the wet dust collectors 5, 7 can be vertical type and mounted independently with each other on the dissolution tub 3.

Abstract: The invention provides a pigment preparation comprising (a) C.I. Pigment Red 254 with an average particle size d50 of not more than 100 nm; (b) 0.1% to 30% by weight, based on the weight of the PR 254, of one or more dispersants from the group of the unlaked sulfo-containing monoazo dyes; and (c) 0.

Abstract: A cementitious matrix for forming a moulded masonry product, the matrix formed from a group of materials comprising; an aggregate comprising granulated iron blast furnace slag; air-cooled iron blast furnace slag, bottom ash, pulverised fuel ash and at least one cementitious binder; and ground granulated iron blast furnace slag acting as binder and aggregate; and water.

Abstract: A novel multi-purpose, portable, and flexible working table. More in particular it addresses the make up of a novel all purpose portable work table which can be used to rigidly secure material to perform in any direction such actions as cutting, welding, soldering, gluing, painting, and mitering. The invention presented herein, addressing the object of creating a flexible work table with multiple subcomponents to work on materials of different widths and lengths and at different heights. In addition, this novel invention is comprised of a top surface of which certain parts are removable and which will allow the removed sections to be reconnected at a lower elevation than the stationary sections.

Abstract: To achieve an improvement in concentration distribution in a vertical direction at an inlet of a pulverized coal distributor and uniformly distribute pulverized coal to respective pulverized coal burners.

Abstract: A process for energy recovery and transfer including: warming fresh air in a heat recovery and pressure control unit; feeding waste feed and the warm fresh air into a processor; reducing a moisture content of the waste feed by breaking the waste feed into a fuel powder in the warm fresh air in the processor; filtering contaminated air through an initial filter to remove the fuel powder from the contaminated air; pre-heating the contaminated air in the heat recovery and pressure control unit; raising the temperature of the pre-heated contaminated air in a chamber; passing the chamber discharge air through the heat recovery and pressure control unit to pre-heat contaminated air passing on to the chamber and to warm fresh air passing on to the processor; and filtering terminal air through a terminal filter to remove particles from the terminal air.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process that increases the output of a combustor fired with coal having high iron and/or calcium content, by reducing the tendency of slag to form on heat exchange surfaces and changing the nature of the slag to make it easier to remove. The process includes combusting a slag-forming coal, having high iron and/or calcium content, with an overall excess of oxygen; moving the resulting combustion gases though heat exchange equipment under conditions which cause cooling of slag formed by burning the fuel; and prior to contact with said heat exchange equipment, introducing aqueous aluminum trihydroxide in amounts and with droplet sizes and concentrations effective to decrease the rate of fouling, and preferably, increase the friability of the resulting slag.

Abstract: A watering apparatus comprising a storage container having a tubular section which is closed with an open-cell foam based on an aminoplast, and a method for watering or applying fertilizer.

Abstract: An agricultural implement pulled by a traction vehicle is convertible between use and transport configurations. The implement includes a carrier frame coupled to the vehicle via the combination of a hitch and a draft tongue having an aft portion pivotally coupled to the carrier frame and including a generally vertical cornered post rotatable about a vertical pivot axis. A lift frame having plural spaced row units includes an integral center frame section with a sleeve closely engaging and vertically slideable along the cornered post. A first displacement arrangement moves the aft portion of the draft tongue between the use position and a first elevated position for avoiding obstructions and to facilitate turning in a field, while second and third displacement arrangements respectively raise the lift frame higher on the vertical post and rotate the post and lift frame about the vertical axis to a longitudinal position for transport.

Abstract: A reinforcement grid for a vessel includes a plurality of spaced-apart, generally vertically extending walls coupled by lateral floor sections and lateral walls which are coupled to stringers, the transom, and the bottom of the vessel hull to strengthen the transom, thereby allowing a greater number of higher horsepower engines to be mounted to the vessel.

Abstract: A device for protecting a hull of a marine vessel includes a cover of water-impermeable material dimensioned to conform to at least a water-contacting portion of a hull of a marine vessel. The cover is removably affixable to the hull, a top edge of the cover extending about the hull in spaced relation above a water line. A drain is positioned so as to lie adjacent a bottom of the hull when the cover is in place on the hull. In use, fresh water is transported into a space between the cover and the hull so as to displace ambient water therefrom. The ambient water can exit the space via the drain, leaving the fresh water within the space as a protective “jacket.” The fresh water serves to prevent galvanic corrosion, pollutant damage, and barnacle encrustation.

Abstract: An interchangeable seat system for a water vehicle includes a front seat member, a common base member, at least two rear seat members, and at least two hand grips. One of the at least two rear seat members and one of the at least two hand grips are configured such that a combination of the front seat member, the common base member, the one of the at least two rear seat member and the one of the at least two hand grips provides a two-person seat configuration for the water vehicle, and another one of the at least two rear seat members and another one of the at least two hand grips are configured such that a combination of the front seat member, the common base member, the another one of the at least two rear seat member and the another one of the at least two hand grips provides a three-person seat configuration for the water vehicle.

Abstract: A method and device for tracking the team or side entitled to the next possession of a “jump ball” in a basketball game employing a rule of alternating possession. An official, such as a referee, wears an elastic cloth wrist band of the type commonly worn by tennis players. Half of the exposed surface (180 degrees of the 360 degree exposed surface of the wrist band) is colored a first predetermined color or pattern, and the other half (the other 180 degrees of the exposed surface of the wrist band) is colored a second predetermined color or pattern. In a first preferred embodiment, the first and second predetermined colors are white and black. In a second preferred embodiment, the first predetermined color is white, and the second predetermined color consists of alternating black and white stripes coordinated to match the black and white shirt customarily worn by a basketball referee.

Abstract: A tamper-resistant indicator is disclosed. The indicator includes a front panel configured to be located on an outside surface of a door. The indicator also includes a back panel configured to be located on an inside surface of the door. The indicator also includes a turning indicator, including a springy living hinge, wherein said turning indicator has a front part disposed on the front panel and a back part disposed on the back panel, and the two parts communicate with each other via a rotatable axis or shaft member configured to pass through an opening bored through the door, and wherein the axis or shaft member is coupled between the front and back parts of the indicator, such that rotation of the back part of the indicator rotates the axis or shaft member, which in turn rotates the front part of the indicator.

Abstract: A silica glass crucible causing fewer pinholes in silicon single crystals is provided by a method of preventing pinholes by performing the pulling up of a silicon single crystal while restraining the dissolution rate of the crucible inner surface to 20 ?m/hr or less, using a silica glass crucible for the pulling up of silicon single crystals, wherein the area of crystalline silica formed by crystallization of amorphous silica is restricted to 10% or less of the crucible inner surface area, or the density of pits formed from open bubbles on the crucible inner surface is restricted to 0.01 to 0.2 counts/mm2.

Abstract: Nitride semiconductor films, such as for use in solid state light emitting devices and electronic devices, are fabricated in an environment of relatively high nitrogen potential such that nitrogen vacancies in the growing film are reduced. A reactor design, and method for its use, provide high nitrogen precursor partial pressure, precracking of the precursor using a catalytic metal surface, prepyrolyzing the precursor, using catalytically-cracked molecular nitrogen as a nitrogen precursor, and/or exposing the surface to an ambient which is extremely rich in active nitrogen species. Improved efficiency for light emitting devices, particularly in the blue and green wavelengths and improve transport properties in nitride electronic devices, i.e., improved performance from nitride-based devices such as InGaAlN laser diodes, transistors, and light emitting diodes is thereby provided.

Abstract: Methods for depositing epitaxial films such as epitaxial Ge and SiGe films. During cooling from high temperature processing to lower deposition temperatures for Ge-containing layers, Si or Ge compounds are provided to the substrate. Smooth, thin, relatively defect-free Ge or SiGe layers result. Retrograded relaxed SiGe is also provided between a relaxed, high Ge-content seed layer and an overlying strained layer.

Abstract: An exhaust gas trap for semiconductor processes includes: a trap body having an inlet port and an outlet port; an inlet shut-off valve provided at the inlet port; and an outlet shut-off valve provided at the outlet port. The trap body, inlet and outlet valves are integrated and can be removed together for replacement on refreshing of the trap.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (1) for applying liquid coating materials, particularly paints, onto an application surface (8), comprising an ejection system (11) for the coating material, wherein the coating material is fed to a displacement chamber (12), is applied in the displacement chamber (12) by means of a displacement element (13), is fed from the displacement chamber (12) to a throttle (26) in metered doses and is then forcefully ejected via the throttle opening (5) thereof against the application surface (8) in the form of droplets.

Abstract: An electrostatic coating apparatus for coating an object includes a base module, a nozzle, an electric field generator and a power supply. The object is mounted on the base module. The nozzle receives gas and liquid and ejects the gas and the liquid. The electric field generator mounted on the base module generates an electric field. The power supply has a first pole electrically connected to a first pole of the electric field generator, and a second pole electrically connected to the object and a second pole of the electric field generator such that the electric field is generated in the electric field generator and the atomized liquid passing through the electric field generator is charged and absorbed onto the object to form a coating layer on the object.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to the conditioning of bowling lanes, and, more particularly to an apparatus and method for automatically applying a predetermined pattern of dressing fluid along the transverse and longitudinal dimensions of a bowling lane.

Abstract: An apparatus for aligning a dispenser includes a table having a first alignment mark, an alignment plate provided along at least one side of the table, at least one syringe supplying a dispensing material to the alignment plate through a nozzle provided at one end portion thereof to form a second alignment mark, a first image camera provided along a side of the syringe and detecting an image of the second alignment mark, a second image camera detecting an image of the first alignment mark, and an alignment control unit aligning the image of the second alignment mark and a first reference position, and aligning an image of the first alignment mark and a second reference position.

Abstract: To provide a take up type vacuum vapor deposition apparatus capable of suppressing generation of a thermally-affected area on a film without lowering productivity. A take-up type vacuum vapor deposition apparatus according to the present invention includes: a payout roller configured to successively pay out a film ; a take-up roller configured to take up the film paid out from the payout roller; a cooling roller disposed between the payout roller and the take-up roller and configured to cool the film by coming into close contact with the film ; an evaporation source that faces the cooling roller and configured to deposit an evaporation material on the film; and an electron beam irradiator disposed between the payout roller and the evaporation source and configured to irradiate the film with an electron beam while the film is traveling.

Abstract: A gas distribution plate that is installed in a chamber providing a reaction space and supplies a reaction gas onto a substrate placed on a substrate placing plate, wherein the gas distribution plate includes: first and second surfaces opposing to each other, wherein the second surface faces the substrate placing plate and has a recess shape; and a plurality of injection holes each including: an inflow portion that extends from the first surface toward the second surface; a diffusing portion that extends from the second surface toward the first surface; and an orifice portion between the inflow portion and the diffusing portion, wherein the plurality of inflow portions of the plurality of injection holes decrease in gas path from edge to middle of the gas distribution plate, and wherein the plurality of diffusing portions of the plurality of injection holes have substantially the same gas path.

Abstract: Apparatus for use with a processing chamber are provided. In one aspect a blocker plate is provided including an annular plate having an inner portion of a first thickness and the annular plate having an aperture pattern including a center portion, a first patterned portion concentrically disposed around the center portion and comprising a first plurality of apertures having a first number of apertures, an second patterned portion concentrically disposed around the first patterned portion and comprising a second plurality of apertures having a second number of apertures greater than the first number of apertures, a perimeter portion concentrically disposed around the second patterned portion, and an outer portion comprising a raised concentric portion disposed on a perimeter of the annular plate. In another aspect, a second, third, and fourth blocker plates are provided. Additionally, a mixing apparatus and a liquid evaporating apparatus for use in a processing chamber are provided.

Abstract: A vaporizer (300) is formed by connecting block-shaped vaporization modules (310). Each vaporization module has a discharge opening for a liquid source material; a vaporization chamber (370) for vaporizing the liquid source material, which is discharged from the discharge opening, to create a source gas; a liquid material flow path (320) formed so as to penetrate through joint surfaces connected to other vaporization modules; and a spray nozzle communicating with a portion in the middle of the liquid material flow path and leading the liquid source material, which flows in the flow path, to the discharge opening. Each vaporization module is connected at its joint surface to each of the other vaporization modules to cause the liquid material flow paths of all the vaporization modules to communicate with one another. When various flow rates ranging from low to high levels is required, the structure of the evaporator can be easily changed according to such rates without a reduction in evaporation efficiency.

Abstract: An unmanned vehicle for supplying feed to an animal, which is provided with a frame, with propulsion mechanism disposed thereon, feed supplier for supplying feed and navigator connected to the propulsion mechanism with a sensor for forming an image of an observation area, wherein the sensor comprises: a source of radiation for emitting modulated electromagnetic radiation, a receiver device for radiation reflected by an object, comprising a matrix with rows and columns of receivers, an optical device and sensor image processor configured to determine for the receivers a phase difference between the emitted electromagnetic radiation and the reflected electromagnetic radiation in order to calculate a distance from the receiver to the object. Through use of the unmanned vehicle device an excellent and reliable navigation is possible, so that, for example, milk can be conveyed efficiently from a milking implement to a calf.

Abstract: An animal litter with increased moisture retention and accelerated absorbency, a method of manufacture and method of use for indoor urine and feces disposal. An animal litter with a greater surface area and higher moisture retention intended for animals as small as mice, gerbils and hamsters, as well as larger domestic animals. The animal litter is a paper and wood composition treated with a surfactant, which increases moisture retention four to five times its weight.

Abstract: A submergible and floating device for the on-site biological cleansing of nets or meshes used in fish breeding operations, more specifically, the device includes a filtrating means that allow the retaining of the particles, and also includes sources of radiation (UV) that permit the destruction of the microorganisms in the water and at the same time disinfect and destroy bacteria, fungi, viruses and fish diseases that might otherwise spread to the breeding medium.

Abstract: An animal enclosure is provided which is particularly adapted for cat. The animal enclosure includes a housing having a base, a sidewall extending upwardly from the perimeter of the base, a hollow interior space surrounded by the sidewall, an access opening in the sidewall to permit an animal to enter and leave the hollow interior space. A frame is attached to an interior surface of said sidewall, and a corrugated bundle is removably retained by the frame. The animal enclosure is collapsible and is capable of being shipped and stored in a compact configuration but which is capable of being erected on site to create an animal enclosure.

Abstract: A walking-function recovery device for a pet provided with: a rotating arm unit that is arranged on a base and is rotatably around the base in a circumferential direction; a lifting wire that is suspended from a distal end of the rotating arm unit and acts on a pet via a constant-load spring a lifting force of a predetermined magnitude; and a suspension that is connected to a distal end of the lifting wire and is hooked and supported by two points on front-leg and rear-leg sides of a pet torso.

Abstract: A pet bandana is characterized by an adjustable snap closure so that the bandana can be fit to the size of the pet on which the bandana is to be worn. The bandana is formed from a layer of fabric having a pair of studs connected in spaced relation adjacent to one corner of the fabric and a cap connected with an opposite corner. By arranging the bandana about the neck of the pet and selecting which stud the cap is connected with, the bandana is secured to the animal with an optimum fit. The snap closure improves the safety of the bandana since it can easily be released should the bandana become caught in a door, fence, or the like with the pet being able to release the closure by pulling away from the bandana.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate generally to improved apparatus and methods for the containment of animal waste, particularly pet waste. Some embodiments relate to methods of intercepting pet waste. Other embodiments relate to pet waste containment apparatus. Still further embodiments relate to apparatus for intercepting animal waste.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to apparatuses used for the heating of water and relates more specifically to water heaters in which the volume of water heated and stored may be fluctuated in response to the changing demand for heated water. The household demand for hot water depends on a variety of factors, including the number of people living in the household. It is therefore desirable to have a water heater in which the amount of water heated and stored may be varied so as to compensate for the changing hot water demand. The present invention is a variable volume water heater that can be used to accomplish this goal of matching the supply and demand of heated water.

Abstract: A system is provided to optimize multiple boiler plant systems having mixed condensing and non-condensing boiler groups. The system advantageously employs the independent groups of boilers depending on preset conditions under control of a system control unit. The preset conditions are checked against operating conditions of the boiler plant, and a system control unit controls which of the groups of boilers is the lead and which is secondary. In some instances, both groups of boilers may be utilized under heavy load. Further, effective switching between groups and within groups is also provided to minimize unnecessary repetitive boiler operation.

Abstract: A cooling arrangement for a vehicle which is powered by a combustion engine. The cooling arrangement includes an air passage through which air flows in a specific direction, and at least three cooling elements to effect cooling of a medium. The three cooling elements are arranged one after another in the air passage such that at least part of the air which flows through the air passage flows successively through all of the cooling elements and cools the media in the respective cooling elements. The cooling elements are arranged one after another in the air passage in a sequence which is related to the temperature of the media in the respective cooling elements such that the air which flows through the cooling elements in the air passage cools a succession of media, each media in succession is at a higher temperature than the one preceding it.

Abstract: A variable flow coolant pump for an engine of a motor vehicle comprises a pump housing defining a fluid chamber. The fluid chamber includes a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet for providing flow of coolant through the housing. An impeller is rotationally supported in the fluid chamber between the inlet and the outlet for pumping coolant through the housing. An engine driven shaft is disposed within the housing for supporting the impeller and rotating the impeller about a longitudinal axis. An electromagnetic field generator selectively produces a magnetic field that moves the impeller axially along the shaft between a first position and a second position which selectively changes the amount of coolant flow through the housing between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet.

Abstract: In a hydraulic actuator control device, a changing tendency of responsiveness of a hydraulic actuator to changes in the oil control valve (OCV) drive duty of a virtual OCV is stored as model control characteristics. The ratio of an actual OCV dead zone width to a virtual OCV dead zone width is calculated as an OCV variation correction coefficient. A basic control amount is calculated based on a deviation between an operating amount and a target operating amount of the hydraulic actuator. An actual OCV in-dead-zone control amount is obtained by correcting a virtual OCV in-dead-zone control amount with the OCV variation correction coefficient, and an actual OCV out-of-dead-zone control amount is calculated based on a virtual OCV out-of-dead-zone control amount. The actual OCV control amount is the sum of the actual OCV in-dead-zone control amount and the actual OCV out-of-dead-zone control amount.

Abstract: A rocker arm configured to be supported by a support portion of an internal-combustion engine and to be driven in a swinging manner by a cam. The rocker arm includes a rocker arm body including a cam follower having a first slide-contact surface, wherein the first slide-contact surface is in sliding contact with the cam, a fulcrum portion including a second slide-contact surface, wherein the second slide-contact surface swingably is in sliding contact with respect to the support portion, and a lubricant discharging portion for biasing a lubricant supplied from the fulcrum portion in a direction toward the first slide-contact surface and discharging the lubricant. The fulcrum portion penetrates the rocker arm and is fastened to the rocker arm body. The fulcrum portion has a through hole supplying the lubricant to the lubricant discharging portion through the rocker arm body.

Abstract: A rocker arm supported by a support portion of an engine and to be driven by a cam includes a sheet-metal rocker arm body manufactured by plastic working and including a cam follower, a fulcrum portion manufactured by cutting and including a through hole supplying lubricant, and a lubricant discharging hole. The cam follower includes a first slide-contact surface being in sliding contact with the cam. The lubricant discharging hole is defined by an outer surface of the fulcrum portion and an outer surface of the sheet-metal rocker arm body and in communication with the through hole. The lubricant discharging hole biases the lubricant supplied from the through hole in a direction toward the first slide-contact surface.

Abstract: A fuel system comprising: a fuel line coupled to an engine; a fuel pump having an inlet coupled to a fuel tank and an outlet coupled to the fuel line; and a water scavenging system having an inlet for collecting water and an outlet coupled to the fuel line in parallel with the pump. The water scavenging system is powered by the hydraulic action of fuel in the fuel line using for example a venturi arrangement or a motor/pump combination.

Abstract: A composition and method of improving the fuel economy of hydrocarbon fuel-powdered internal combustion engines. The composition contains a propoxylated and/or butoxylated reaction product of (a) at least one fatty acid, fatty acid ester, or mixture thereof and (b) a dialkanolamime. The composition is added to a hydrocarbon fuel in an amount of about 5 to about 2,000 ppm, based on the weight of the hydrocarbon fuel, to reduce friction within the engine and achieve an enhanced fuel economy.

Abstract: Fuel management system for enhanced operation of a spark ignition gasoline engine. Injectors inject an anti-knock agent such as ethanol directly into a cylinder. It is preferred that the direct injection occur after the inlet valve is closed. It is also preferred that stoichiometric operation with a three way catalyst be used to minimize emissions. In addition, it is also preferred that the anti-knock agents have a heat of vaporization per unit of combustion energy that is at least three times that of gasoline.

Abstract: A valve shaft support structure is closed to improve its durability, lower its manufacturing cost and improve its quality, in which a valve shaft interposed between runners is formed as an eccentric shaft integrally formed with a valve. A valve and a valve shaft are formed in a body to support the valve. An eccentric circular protrusion is formed in a center portion of the valve shaft, and divided manifold bodies support the eccentric circular protrusion. The valve shaft and the manifold bodies are repeatedly in contact or non-contact with each other when the valve is opened or closed.

Abstract: An engine intake system is provided that includes a sensor unit (16) formed by mounting a throttle sensor (18) and a negative pressure sensor (20) on a sensor housing (17) mounted on a mounting face (15) on one side of a throttle body (1), and a negative pressure transmission path (35) providing communication between an intake path (2) and the negative pressure sensor (20) is formed in a crank shape from a first passage (35a) having one end opening on a peripheral face of an upper half of the intake path (2) in proximity to a horizontal plane (H) containing the axis of the intake path (2), a groove-shaped second passage (35b) formed between mating faces of the throttle body (1) and the sensor housing (17) so as to extend while bending upward from the other end of the first passage (35a) at substantially right angles, and a third passage (35c) formed in the throttle body (1) so as to extend from the upper end of the second passage (35b) in a direction opposite to the first passage (35a) and reach the negative

Abstract: An air-intake device of the present invention includes a casing having plural air passages each connected to an intake port of each cylinder of an internal combustion engine. A valve for controlling amount of intake air is disposed in each air passage of the casing. All the valves are connected to a common shaft that is driven by an actuator under control of an on-board electronic control unit. At least one end of the shaft is supported in a bearing-supporting portion formed in the casing via a bearing device composed of a sleeve bearing and a resilient rubber bushing. The sleeve bearing is rotatably coupled to the shaft end, and the rubber bushing is compressed between an inner bore of the bearing-supporting portion and the sleeve bearing. A clearance change between the sleeve bearing and the inner bore of the bearing-supporting portion due to changes in temperature is absorbed by resiliency of the rubber bushing, securing smooth rotation of the shaft.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine employing a valve regulating the passage of a fluid between the hollow interior of the combustion chamber and the atmosphere. The valve includes a valve body having a valve opening and a blade track passing around the valve opening. A guillotine blade slides linearly along the blade track between an open position in which said fluid may pass through the valve opening and a closed position in which the fluid is restricted from passing through the valve opening. A reciprocating driver moves the guillotine blade along the blade track when actuated by an electronic control signal.