Abstract: A method of forming a dielectric layer is provided. A first dielectric layer is formed on a substrate having metal layers formed thereon. The first dielectric layer includes overhangs in the spaces between two neighboring metal layers and voids under the overhangs. The first dielectric layer is partially removed to cut off the overhangs and expose the voids and therefore openings are formed. A second dielectric layer is formed on the dielectric layer to fill up the opening.

Abstract: The major objective is to provide a fluorocarbon film wherein fine voids are formed by a step (SA1) for introducing a mixed gas containing a first carbon fluoride gas and a second carbon fluoride gas on a substrate placed inside a chamber, and depositing a fluorocarbon film on the substrate; and a step (SA2) for forming voids in the fluorocarbon film by selectively removing volatile components contained in the fluorocarbon film are included and especially in the step (SA2) for forming voids, it is preferable to include a step for cleaning the fluorocarbon film with a supercritical fluid.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a flash memory device is disclosed. The method comprises forming a first insulating layer on a semiconductor substrate; accumulating nitrogen at an interface between the semiconductor substrate and the first insulating layer to form a second insulating layer at the interface; and implanting oxygen into the second insulating layer to convert the second insulating layer to a third insulating layer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an L-shaped spacer is described. First, a substrate is provided and a protruding structure is formed thereon. Next, a dielectric material is formed on the substrate and covers the stacked structure. Then, the dielectric material on the top of the protruding structure and on portions of the substrate is removed to form an L-shaped spacer.

Abstract: An improved barrier stack. The barrier stack is made by the process of depositing the polymeric decoupling layer on a substrate; depositing a first inorganic layer on the decoupling layer under a first set of conditions wherein an ion and neutral energy arriving at the substrate is less than about 20 eV so that the first inorganic layer is not a barrier layer, wherein a temperature of the substrate is less than about 150° C.; and depositing a second inorganic layer on the first inorganic layer under a second set of conditions wherein an ion and neutral energy arriving at the substrate is greater than about 50 eV so that the second inorganic layer is a barrier layer. Methods of reducing damage to a polymeric layer in a barrier stack are also described.

Abstract: A method of forming (and an apparatus for forming) a metal oxide layer on a substrate, particularly a semiconductor substrate or substrate assembly, using a vapor deposition process and one or more precursor compounds that include diketonate ligands and/or ketoimine ligands.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention generally provide a method for depositing films or layers using a UV source during a photoexcitation process. The films are deposited on a substrate and usually contain a material, such as silicon (e.g., epitaxy, crystalline, microcrystalline, polysilicon, or amorphous), silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, or other silicon-containing materials. The photoexcitation process may expose the substrate and/or gases to an energy beam or flux prior to, during, or subsequent a deposition process. Therefore, the photoexcitation process may be used to pre-treat or post-treat the substrate or material, to deposit the silicon-containing material, and to enhance chamber cleaning processes.

Abstract: A fibrous polyamide or wool substrate having resistance to staining by acid colorants comprises, a fibrous polyamide or wool substrate having applied thereto a sulfonated aromatic condensation resin, said resin being a condensation product of a sulfonated dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone, a dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone, a sulfonated naphthalene and an aldehyde; or a sulfonated dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone, a sulfonated naphthalene and an aldehyde; optionally a methacrylic acid polymer is also applied thereto as well as a fluorochemical; an aqueous formulation of the resin is also provided which formulation may include the methacrylic acid polymer as well as the fluorochemical Additionally there may be employed a salt to enhance exhaustion of components onto the substrate; a method of treating a fibrous polyamide or wool substrate employing the formulation is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fiberglass loose-fill insulation that is insensitive to the content of boron in the composition of the glass. It has been discovered that the level of boron in the glass used for the manufacture of loose-fill glass wool can be substantially reduced without degrading thermal performance. The lowered amount of boron provides for a lower cost batch composition and increased furnace life. The glass composition of the present invention includes a substantially reduced content of boron and preferably an increased amount of sodium dioxide. The primary phase of these glass compositions is typically devitrite (Na2Ca3Si6O16). The glass of the present invention provides a glass fiber blowing wool that does not require an increase in pack density to compensate for the reduced boron content while achieving the similar thermal conductivity. The glass of the present invention is also suitable for use in acoustic insulation.

Abstract: The glass for a fluorescent light with a high hydrolytic resistance, which has composition, in % by weight based on oxide content of: SiO2, 63-75; B2O3, 15-18; Al2O3, 3.2-4.5; Na2O, 1-2; K2O, 2-6; ?Na2O+K2O, 3-8; MgO, 0-8; CaO, 0-10; SrO, 0-10; BaO, 0-10; ZnO, 0-5; ?MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO+ZnO, 0-10; ZrO2, 0-3; CeO2, 0-10; Fe2O3, 0-1; WO3, 0-3; Bi2O3, 0-5; MoO3, 0-3; TiO2, 0-10; ?Hf+Ta+W+Re+Os+Ir+Pt+La+Pr+Nd+Sm+Eu+Gd+Tb+Dy+Ho+Er+Tm+Yb+Lu in oxidic form, 0 to 5% by weight, as well as one or more conventional refining agents. The glass is characterized in that it contains no lithium and has a weight ratio of Na2O to K2O of less than one.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sealing glass composition that excludes Pb, i.e., an environmentally harmful material, and a flat panel display apparatus using the same. A sealing glass composition of the present invention comprises Sb2O3 of 20 mol % to 50 mol %, B2O3 of 30 mol % to 70 mol %, SiO2 of 5 mol % to 15 mol % and Al2O3 of 0 mol % to 15 mol %. The flat display apparatus of the present invention has a front panel and a rear panel, which are combined together with a sealing glass composition with a predetermined distance therebetween.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of a molded porous ceramic article containing ?-SiC, which process comprises the following steps: the preparation of a molded article containing silicon and carbon and the subsequent pyrolysis and siliconization of the article containing silicon and carbon to form SiC. The invention further relates to a molded porous ceramic article containing SiC which has been produced from a molded article containing silicon and carbon.

Abstract: A composition with a Mohs hardness of at least 6.0, wherein said composition contains at least 30 weight percent of spinel crystals, at least 10 weight percent of glass, and less than 10 weight percent of ferrometalsilicate. The composition also contains particles with a particle size distribution such that at least about 95 weight percent of such particles are smaller than about 2.0 millimeters; at least about 70 weight percent of such particles have a particle shape that is either the blocky particle shape or the pyramidal particle shape. At least 20 weight percent of the spinel crystals are equiaxed spinel crystals; the weight/weight ratio of said spinel crystals to said glass is at least 1.2/1; the composition has a melting point in excess of 1440 degrees Celsius; and the composition has a density of from about 3.0 to about 4.5.

Abstract: A precursor composition for the production of granulated ceramic material to be used as hydraulic fracture proppant, comprises 20 to 55% pyroxene, and 15 to 50% olivine. The remaining component is quartz and/or feldspar. The precursor composition can be sintered in a broader temperature range. The resulting proppant material shows high mechanical strength and resistance to acids, and also higher stability under hydrothermal conditions than the prior art.

Abstract: The invention intends to provide a dielectric porcelain composition for use in electronic devices, which has the dielectric characteristics such that the Qf value is high, the temperature coefficient ?f of a resonant frequency is small and a value thereof can be controlled in a wide range in positive and negative directions in the vicinity where the relative dielectric constant ?r is 39. According to the invention, when, in La—Pr—Al—Ga—Sr—Ti-based oxide dielectric porcelain, contents of the respective elements are limited to be within particular ranges and Sr is partially substituted by Ca, a structure having a (1-x)(La1-yLny)(Al1-zGaz)O3-x(Sr1-mCam)TiO3 solid solution as a main phase, in which a solid solution of Al—Ga—Sr-based oxide and/or a solid solution of Al—Ga-based oxide and a Sr oxide is/are precipitated in a grain boundary thereof, can be obtained, whereby the above-mentioned object can be achieved.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a spray-dried transition metal zeolite and a noble metal is disclosed. The spray-dried transition metal zeolite comprises a transition metal zeolite and a binder. At least 50 wt. % of the binder is titania. The catalyst is used in a process to produce an epoxide by reacting an olefin, hydrogen, and oxygen. The catalyst is easy to filter from a slurry and produces a reduced level of hydrogenation products.

Abstract: A catalyst system capable of producing a cyclic olefin polymer having a polar functional group and a high molecular weight with a high yield in which a catalyst is not deactivated due to polar functional groups of monomers, and a method of producing polymers using the same are provided. The catalyst system for polymerization of olefin according to the present invention has good thermal and chemical stability, and thus, in the method of preparing polyolefin using the catalyst system, the deactivation of a catalyst due to a polar functional group of the monomer can be prevented, and thus a high yield of the cyclic olefin polymer with a high molecular weight can be obtained when a ratio of the catalyst to the monomer is 1:5000, and the removal of a catalyst residue is not required.

Abstract: The present invention provides a metal nanocolloidal liquid characterized by containing a dispersion medium and nanocolloidal metal particles, and containing substantially no protective colloid-forming agent; and a method for producing a metal-on-carrier, characterized by including causing nanocolloidal metal particles to be carried on a carrier by use of the metal nanocolloidal liquid. According to the production method, nanocolloidal metal particles can be efficiently caused to be carried on a carrier, and a metal-on-carrier which is useful in a variety of fields can be industrially advantageously produced.

Abstract: The invention provides an unsupported catalyst composition which comprises one or more Group VIb metals, one or more Group VIII metals, one or more zeolites, and, optionally, a refractory oxide material. A (co)precipitation preparation process is described and also use of the composition in hydrocracking.

Abstract: This invention relates to a catalyst composition of the formula: where Z—O is a support material, where O is oxygen, preferably Z is Si, Ti, Al, Sn, Fe, Ga, Zr, B, Mg, or Cr; each X is, independently, N, O, P or S; each n is, independently, 1 or 2; each R is, independently, an alkyl group, a substituted alkyl group, an aryl group, or a substituted aryl group, provided at least one R group is an aryl or substituted aryl group. This invention also relates to the use of the above catalyst compound with an aluminum alkyl to polymerize olefins and other monomers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for upgrading hydrocarbonaceous feedstreams by hydroprocessing using bulk bimetallic catalysts. More particularly, the invention relates to a catalytic hydrotreating process for the removal of sulfur and nitrogen from a hydrocarbon feed such as a fuel or a lubricating oil feed. The catalyst is a bulk catalyst comprising a Group VIII metal and a Group VIB metal.

Abstract: Process of depositing nanoparticles of a metal or of an alloy of said metal, said metal being chosen from the metals from columns VIIIB and IB of the Periodic Table, dispersed on a substrate by chemical vapour deposition (CVD), from one or more precursors, in which the deposition is carried out in the presence of a gas comprising more than 50 vol % of a reactive oxidizing gas. Substrate comprising at least one surface, dispersed on which are nanoparticles made of a metal or of an alloy of metals, for example made of silver or a silver alloy. Use of the substrate to catalyse a chemical reaction, for example an NOx elimination reaction.

Abstract: An azo dye represented by formula (II) as defined in the specification, a process of producing the same and a coloring composition containing the azo dye.

Abstract: A transfer method includes the steps of placing a donor substrate including a support base and a transfer layer provided on the support base onto a receptor substrate such that the transfer layer faces the receptor substrate, evacuating a space between the receptor substrate and the donor substrate that are placed one on the other, and transferring the transfer layer onto the receptor substrate by applying a radiant ray onto the donor substrate in an evacuated atmosphere.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a herbicide combination comprising components (A) and (B), where (A) is one or more herbicides from the group of the compounds of the formula (I) or salts thereof in which R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 and A are as defined in claim 1; and (B) is one or more herbicides different from herbicide (A), preferably from the group of compounds consisting of (B1) herbicides which can be employed selectively and which are effective mainly against monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous harmful plants, (B2) herbicides which can be employed selectively and which are effective mainly against dicotyledonous harmful plants and (B3) herbicides which can be employed selectively and which are effective mainly against monocotyledonous harmful plants, (B4) herbicides which can be employed non-selectively and which are effective against monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous harmful plants, for example for use in the non-selective field or in crops which are specifically tolerant.

Abstract: Methods of degrading filter cakes in subterranean formations are provided. An example of a method is a method of drilling a well bore in a subterranean formation. Another example of a method is a method of degrading a filter cake in a subterranean formation, the filter cake comprising an inorganic portion and an organic portion, and having been established in the formation by a well drill-in and servicing fluid that comprises a delayed-release acid component. An example of a composition is a well drill-in and servicing fluid.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lubricating oil composition for an internal combustion engine which is very good in base number retention property, detergency at high temperature and valve train anti-wear property and does not substantially contain phosphorus- and/or sulfur-containing anti-wear agent. The composition comprises a lubricant base oil comprising a mineral oil and/or a synthetic oil, (A) 0.001 to 0.5% by mass of an ester of a boric acid in terms of boron element therein and (B) 0.01 to 5% by mass of an ashless antioxidant, wherein said composition contains substantially no metal salts of dithiophosphoric acid and has a sulfur content of 0.2% by mass or less, each percentage being based on a total mass of the composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions suitable as additive packages for lubricants and other functional fluids, the composition comprising sulfur-containing extreme pressure components, phosphorus-containing anti-wear additives, a triazole-containing species. A preferred use is in industrial gear oils. In embodiments, enhance protection in the areas of bearing wear and micropitting are obtained.

Abstract: Organo-Cobalt complexes having long chain saturated and unsaturated alkyl functionality as multifunctional additives in crankcase oils and the method of preparation thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of a polyalkylmethacrylate polymer to improve the air release of a functional fluid.

Abstract: A pouch, and a process for making thereof, comprising the steps of: pre-sealing a compartment comprising a pouch material, the compartment containing an anhydrous composition to form a pre-sealed compartment; fitting a first piece of the pouch material into a mould, pouring a particulate dishwashing product into the mould; placing the pre-sealed compartment over the mould; sealing the pre-sealed compartment and said first piece of pouch material together to form the multi-compartment pouch.

Abstract: A liquid washing and cleaning composition comprising: one or more of constituents a1) through a4) a1) alkylbenzenesulfonate, a2) olefinsulfonate, a3) alkylsulfate, a4) alkyl ether sulfate or mixtures thereof, b) secondary alkanesulfonate, c) at least one soap, d) at least one nonionic surfactant and e) at least one cationic surfactant, wherein the mixing ratio of the secondary alkanesulfonate to the component AT formed from the one or more of constituents a1, a2, a3 and a4 is 4.9 to 0.1: 5.1 to 9.9.

Abstract: A unique eco-friendly liquid laundry detergent enhanced with natural essence and further comprising non-petroleum source anionic and nonionic surfactants, naturally occurring builders, and optional enzymes, to yield remarkably effective yet environmentally responsible detergents.

Abstract: The present invention concerns substituted benzylic nitriles substituted with lower linear alkyl or alkylene groups. These compounds are useful perfuming ingredients, and can impart odor notes of the floral-green type. The invention concerns also the perfuming compositions or perfumed articles associated with the compound.

Abstract: A fragrance composition is provided comprising from about 10% wt to about 40% wt of a residual accord, the residual accord comprising perfume raw materials (PRMs) selected from at least three of the five defined classes. In addition, personal care compositions comprising the defined fragrance composition are also provided.

Abstract: A fragrance composition containing 0.0005 to 10% by mass of a decalin alcohol as component (a) represented by formula (1a) and 90 to 99.9995% by mass of one or more polycyclic woody-amber fragrances as component (b) selected from the group consisting of 7-acetyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-1,1,6,7-tetramethylnaphthalene, 1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7-octahydro-2,5,5-trimethyl-2-naphthalenol, 1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahydro-2,4a,5,8a-tetramethyl-1-naphthyl formate, 3a-ethyldodecahydro-6,6,9a-trimethylnaphtho[2,1-b]furan, and racemic or optically active dodecahydro-3a,6,6,9a-tetramethylnaphtho[2,1-b]furan; and a cosmetic product, a household product and an environmental/sanitary product containing the fragrance composition. The fragrance composition of the present invention is a highly versatile fragrance composition that brings about an odor of natural ambergris and can attain effects to enhance warmth and an odor quality even in a small amount.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a composition comprising an insulin sensitizer and a peptide fraction, which promotes significant reduction in blood glucose levels and stabilizes blood glucose levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of recovering factor VIII/vWF-complex which is characterized in that factor VIII/vWF-complex from a protein solution is bound to a cation exchanger and is recovered by step-wise elution of factor VIII/vWF-complex, which particularly contains high-molecular vWF multimers, as well as a factor VIII/vWF-complex obtainable by means of cation exchange chromatography.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for prophylaxis and/or treatment of diseases of the eye of a patient resulting angiogenesis in the eye using antagonists of the integrin receptors ?v ?3 and/or ?v ?5. The compositions can be nanoparticles and are administered to the eye by injection into the sclera of the eye.

Abstract: Methods are provided for purifying peptides and proteins by incorporating the peptide or protein into a diketopiperazine or competitive complexing agent to facilitate removal of one or more impurities from the peptide or protein. Formulations and methods also are provided for the improved transport of active agents across biological membranes, resulting for example in a rapid increase in blood agent concentration. The formulations include microparticles formed of (i) the active agent, which may be charged or neutral, and (ii) a transport enhancer that masks the charge of the agent and/or that forms hydrogen bonds with the target biological membrane in order to facilitate transport. In one embodiment insulin is administered via the pulmonary delivery of microparticles comprising fumaryl diketopiperazine and insulin in its biologically active form. This method of delivering insulin results in a rapid increase in blood insulin concentration that is comparable to the increase resulting from intravenous delivery.

Abstract: The invention primarily relates to the use of somatostatin or one of the agonistic analogs thereof for producing a medicament serving to regulate the ovarian follicular reserve and, in particular, to reduce the depletion of the ovarian follicular reserve over time in non-menopausal women or to the use of an antagonistic analog of somatostatin for producing a medicament serving to accelerate the start of growing of quiescent follicles in non-menopausal women. The invention also relates to in vitro applications of somatostatin and of agonistic and antagonistic analogs thereof.

Abstract: Modified natriuretic compounds and conjugates thereof are disclosed in the present invention. In particular, conjugated forms of hBNP are provided that include at least one modifying moiety attached thereto. The modified natriuretic compound conjugates retain activity for stimulating cGMP production, binding to NPR-A receptor, and in some embodiments an improved half-life in circulation as compared to unmodified counterpart natriuretic compounds. Oral, parenteral, enteral, subcutaneous, pulmonary, and intravenous forms of the compounds and conjugates may be prepared as treatments and/or therapies for heart conditions particularly congestive heart failure. Modifying moieties comprising oligomeric structures having a variety of lengths and configurations are also disclosed. Analogs of the natriuretic compound are also disclosed, having an amino acid sequence that is other than the native sequence.

Abstract: Novel PYRIN-2, PYRIN-3, PYRIN-5, PYRIN-6, PYRIN-7, PYRIN-8, PYRIN-10, and PYRIN-11 polypeptides, proteins, and nucleic acid molecules are disclosed. In addition to isolated PYRIN-2, PYRIN-3, PYRIN-5, PYRIN-6, PYRIN-7, PYRIN-8, PYRIN-10, and PYRIN-11 proteins, the invention further provides PYRIN-2, PYRIN-3, PYRIN-5, PYRIN-6, PYRIN-7, PYRIN-8, PYRIN-10, and PYRIN-11 fusion proteins, antigenic peptides and anti-PYRIN-2, -PYRIN-3, -PYRIN-5, -PYRIN-6, -PYRIN-7, -PYRIN-8, -PYRIN-10, and -PYRIN-11 antibodies. The invention also provides PYRIN-2, PYRIN-3, PYRIN-5, PYRIN-6, PYRIN-7, PYRIN-8, PYRIN-10, and PYRIN-11 nucleic acid molecules, recombinant expression vectors containing a nucleic acid molecule of the invention, host cells into which the expression vectors have been introduced and non-human transgenic animals in which a PYRIN-2, PYRIN-3, PYRIN-5, PYRIN-6, PYRIN-7, PYRIN-8, PYRIN-10, or PYRIN-11 gene has been introduced or disrupted.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of lacritin, and fragments, derivatives, and homologs thereof, and nucleic acid sequences encoding that protein. The invention relates to the use of lacritin as a growth factor human corneal epithelial cells and other select epithelial cells. The invention also relates to the use of lacritin in promoting ocular cell survival in response to an insult or injury, in protecting against ocular inflammation, and in promoting ocular wound repair.

Abstract: A method of inducing bone formation in a subject in need of such inducement comprises the steps of mechanically inducing an increase in osteoblast activity in the subject and elevating blood concentration of at least one bone anabolic agent in the subject. The method steps may be performed in any order, but in sufficient time proximity that the elevated concentration of the anabolic agent and the mechanically induced increase in osteoblast activity overlaps. The method may additionally comprise providing the subject with an elevated blood concentration of at least one antiresorptive agent, wherein the elevated concentration is sufficient to prevent resorption of new bone growth produced due to the osteoblast activity. Use of the method permits targeting of specific bones of the subject for bone production and preservation, faster bone production and earlier discontinuation of bone anabolic pharmaceuticals. Kits adapted for performing the method are provided.

Abstract: Novel phosphotetrahydropyran compounds that mimic mannose-6-phosphate but that are more resistant to phosphatases and mannosidases, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, are disclosed. These compounds and compositions inhibit T lymphocyte migration from blood to tissues or to other extravascular sites. By inhibiting such migration, these compounds are useful for treating diseases or disorders that are mediated at least in part by such T lymphocyte migration. Such diseases and disorders include rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, T cell-mediated dermatitis, stromal keratitis, uveitis, thyroiditis, sialitis and type I diabetes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of treating viral disease using mutagenic nucleoside analogs. In particular, the invention provides isoguanosine nucleosides and derivatives thereof as well a method of increasing the mutation rate of a virus such as bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV).

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods of using glucan compositions, comprising water insoluble microparticulate glucans, in the treatment of dermal ulcers. The water insoluble microparticulate glucans used in the compositions comprise branched ?-(1,3)(1,6) glucan. The glucan compositions used in the present invention are essentially free of unbranched ?-(1,3)(1,6) glucan and non-glucan components.

Abstract: The present invention relates to low molecular weight chitosan oligosaccharides and its preparation method. Chitosan oligosaccharides were obtained under microwave irradiation assisted the electrolyte. The method of preparing chitosan oligosaccharides was described as follows: acid solvent containing electrolyte was added to chitosan. The reaction was performed at 480˜800 W for 3˜12 min. After irradiation ceased, the reaction liquid was cooled to room temperature. Then the solution was adjusted to neutrality with 1˜10 M NaOH or KOH and obtained the pale yellow floc. The processes of precipitation, filtering, desiccation and crushing are settled sequentially. Finally, chitosan oligosaccharides were obtained. Method of the present invention makes chitosan degrade to water-soluble chitosan oligosaccharides and it makes some inert substance become active. The method of the present invention can cut down energy consumption, decrease pollution and save time and raw materials.

Abstract: The present invention comprises compounds, compositions thereof, and methods capable of delivering modified inositol hexaphosphate (IHP) comprising an internal pyrophosphate ring to the cytoplasm of mammalian cells. In certain embodiments, the present invention relates to compounds, compositions thereof, and methods that enhance the ability of mammalian red blood cells to deliver oxygen, by delivering IHP to the cytoplasm of the red blood cells.