Abstract: A clip-on container holder is provided to hold beverages in which the clip includes a flexible retracting coil and a coil supporting rigid spine. The container holder may have a container supporting ring, flexible supporting prongs to accommodate smaller or larger diameter containers, beverage supporting ribs and a lower supporting disk. The clip-on container holder can be easily attached and detached to many surfaces allowing a person's hands to be free for other uses.

Abstract: This invention provides a mounting device and an electronic system. The electronic system includes an electronic device and a mounting device. The mounting device includes a mounting bracket, a rail member, and a sliding member. The mounting bracket is mounted to the electronic device. The rail member is rotatably and pivotally connected to the mounting bracket. The rail member has a rail, and the rail has a first end and a second end. The sliding member is slidably disposed at the mounting bracket and has a protrusion portion capable of sliding along the rail. When the rail member rotates relative to the mounting bracket and the rail pushes the protrusion portion to move from the first end to the second end, the sliding member is inserted into a fastening hole of the electronic system.

Abstract: A releasing hanger for mud flaps for trucks includes a rotatable release bar supported on a support plate and having flap lugs for supporting a mud flap. A tension spring encircling the release bar cooperates with retaining pins mounted on the releasing bar to yieldingly hold the release bar in a rotatable position at which the flap legs extend outwardly from the support plate. Under a modified embodiment, the retaining pins are releasably held by a bracket having resilient legs.

Abstract: In an embodiment of the present invention there is disclosed a mounting assembly for a sprinkler reducer. The assembly includes a mounting bracket having a locking unit, a latitudinal support bar to which the mounting bracket is movably coupled, and a pair of longitudinal support units which are coupled to opposite ends of the support bar.

Abstract: A support structure for supporting a display panel includes a support and a clamp. The support is rotatably coupled to the display panel. The clamp includes two clamping arms rotatably coupled to the support, a bolt and an adjusting nut. A slot is defined in each clamping arm. The bolt is extended through each slot and engaged with the adjusting nut. Therefore a distance between two distal ends of two clamping arms can be adjusted by screwing and unscrewing the adjusting nut along the bolt. A display device using the support structure is also provided.

Abstract: Taught herein is an adjustable holder for a tree top decoration for use on a Christmas tree. The holder features interchangeable attachments so it can accommodate a wide range of tree top decorations.

Abstract: An elevated display and storage apparatus, that allows a user to store and display items, and in a manner which allows the maximized utilization of space The elevated display and s storage apparatus also may permit lateral and vertical displacement of storage and/or display elements in an easy to operate and efficient manner.

Abstract: A connection structure for a fuel pump module flange and support rod may employ a flange having a top plate and a vertical wall that is perpendicular to the top plate. A vertical wall bottom edge may define a bottom edge slot. The flange may further define a recession in the vertical wall that merges with the bottom edge slot. The recession may house semi-circular first and second boss arms that protrude from a ceiling that bounds the recession. First and second semicircular clip arms may reside in the recession and define a gap with the first and second boss arms. A cylindrical rod may have a rod tip that slides between the boss arms and a rod shaft that clips into the clip arms by biasing apart the clip arms. Installation of the rod may be from the side of the flange and not the bottom of the flange.

Abstract: A stand for supporting a window sash while in a window frame when the window sash is tilted-in relative to the window frame and method. The stand includes a base, an upright, and a supporter. The base rests on a horizontal surface, adjacent to the window frame. The upright extends vertically upwardly from the base to an upper end thereof. The supporter extends transversely across the upper end of the upright and supports the window sash while in the window frame when the window sash is tilted-in relative to the window frame.

Abstract: A folding tool stand includes a platform connected to a base frame. The platform is pivotally and slidingly connected at a first side thereof to the base frame and is pivotally connected at a second side thereof to links that are pivotally connected to the base frame. A leg support is pivotally connected to the base frame. A locking device is provided to maintain the platform in an extended position. In the collapsed position, the platform is guided by the links to be positioned along the base frame. In the extended position, the links guide and support the platform in a position spaced from the base frame. In a first embodiment, spring members bias the platform into the extended position. In an alternate embodiment, a driving device is used to provide support to the second side of the platform during the expansion and collapse of the folding tool stand.

Abstract: The hanger with photo display is a support hook(s) incorporating a display adjunct. The hook is fabricated from a flat sheet of material. The material is capable of a high degree of flexing without breaking. Double-sided tape is employed to mount the sheet on a flat, vertical surface such as a wall or door. The sheet is sized to neatly present a display item. The display item may take the form of a photograph, an advertisement, a message, or the like. The display item can be easily changed without causing the double-sided mounting tape to release. The hook is designed to support a load of pre-determined maximum weight. If the predetermined weight is exceeded, the hook will bend (without breaking) to release the load.

Abstract: A picture frame hanger is provided with an elongate strip having a base for mounting upon an upright support surface. The base includes at least one cavity extending inward from opposing surfaces to intersect and collectively form an aperture for receiving a fastener at an angle to one of the at least one cavities. The strip includes a series of teeth and a key along a length of the strip. A carriage is mounted for translation along the elongate strip, and includes a keyway that cooperates with the key for orienting the carriage relative to the strip. A flange is provided for receiving a picture frame support member. A latch is pivotally connected to the carriage for engaging the teeth. A user may disengage the latch from the strip for adjusting an upright position of the carriage. A method for forming the aperture of the elongate strip is provided.

Abstract: A connection structure for a fuel pump module may employ a rod with a circumferential groove, and a flange with a vertical wall defining a longitudinal recession for installation of the rod. The entire length of the longitudinal recession may be exposed through a non-top and non-bottom side of the vertical wall. A boss protrudes from the vertical wall and the groove of the rod resides around the boss to prevent longitudinal motion of the rod. The vertical wall may further define a gap between two flat lands, which may be parallel. The distance between the lands is less than a diameter of the rod when the rod is installed within the recession. The vertical wall material defining the flat lands partially encloses and secures the rod within the longitudinal recession. The flat lands provoke an interference fit during rod installation but flex and bend permitting rod passage and installation.

Abstract: The invention disclosed provides an improved method and apparatus for light sensing to detect bulb ignition for UV curing lamps. The light sensing apparatus is configured with adjustable sensitivity, and can be configured for use with a range of light intensity levels. The light sensing apparatus can be configured for use with multiple ultra-violet lamps in a variety of spatial configurations. The light sensing apparatus comprises a phototransistor circuit configured with adjustable sensitivity. The improved apparatus further comprises a signal conditioning circuit.

Abstract: A position sensing device (PSD) comprising: a light source that provides light responsive to current that it receives; a power source that provides current to the light source through a load line; a photodetector that receives an amount of light from the light source that is a function of position of the light source relative to the photodetector; and an integrated circuit comprising an I/O port connected to the light source and having a plurality of selectable states; wherein different selectable states determine different values for the load line and therefore current provided to the light source.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of executing an electrical function, such as a fusing operation, by activation through a chip embedded photodiode through spectrally selected external light activation, and corresponding structure and circuit. The present invention is based on having incident light with specific intensity/wave length characteristics, in conjunction with additional circuit elements to an integrated circuit, perform the implementation of repairs, i.e., replacing failing circuit elements with redundant ones for yield and/or reliability. Also to perform disconnection of ESD protection device from input pad one the packaged chip is placed in system. No additional pins on the package are necessary.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an integrated key using an optical key, in particular, to an integrated key which enables a more subdivided manipulation for the movement to the outside based on a center point, and to perform the operation of rotation and push. An integrated key using an optical sensor of the invention includes a housing which has an accommodation space inside while an upper portion is open; an operation member which has a guide unit which sticks to the housing between an upper end and a lower end of the operation member while a handle is formed in an upper side and a reflection unit is formed at a bottom surface; and an optical sensor which measures one or more of a separation distance with the reflection a rotation of the operation member, and a location coordinate value of the operation member, and outputs a sensing signal according to the measurement.

Abstract: In a senor for measuring an angular displacement and a method for manufacturing the senor, the sensor includes an optical fiber and a detector. The optical sensor has a light source attached to a first end portion of the optical fiber for emitting light, and an exiting surface formed at a second end portion of the optical fiber. The detector has a photo sensor being attached to an end portion of the detector, for measuring a light's intensity. The exiting surface includes a first inclination surface being cut to have a predetermined angle along a first rotational direction of the optical fiber, and further includes a second inclination surface being cut to have a predetermined angle along a second rotational direction of the optical fiber. Therefore, manufacturing cost may be reduced and durability may be enhanced.

Abstract: A calibration plate is configured for revising an image capture apparatus of a vision measuring system. The vision measuring system includes a worktable which is configured for supporting the calibration plate. The calibration plate includes a quadrate portion. A calibration area and a zero marker are formed on the quadrate portion. The calibration area includes a plurality of regions having the same shape.

Abstract: A dosimeter for radiation fields is described. The dosimeter includes a scintillator a light pipe having a first end in optical communication with the scintillator and a light detector. The light pipe may have a hollow core with a light reflective material about the periphery of the hollow core. The dosimeter may further include a light source that generates light for use as a calibrating signal for a measurement signal and/or for use to check the light pipe.

Abstract: An electrode member (11, 12) having two electrode plain plate portions (21) and one circular portion (20) is created from a single metal plate, where the two electrode plain plate portions (21) belong to every other virtual rod electrode around the ion optical axis and face across the ion optical axis, and the circular portion (20) electrically connects these two electrode plain plate portions (21). A predetermined number of resin electric holders (13) each holding the electrode member (11, 12) are stacked in the ion optical axis direction, with every other electric member rotated by 90° around the ion optical axis, to form a virtual quadrupole rod type ion guide. Since this configuration reduces the number of components more than ever before and saves a cable for connecting electrode plain plate portions (21, 25) to which the same voltage should be applied, it is possible to reduce the cost and facilitate assembly and regulation in manufacturing and use.

Abstract: A multiple function atmospheric pressure ion source interfaced to a mass spectrometer comprises multiple liquid inlet probes configured such that the sprays from two or more probes intersect in a mixing region. Gas phase sample ions or neutral species generated in the spray of one probe can react with reagent gas ions generated from one or more other probes by such ionization methods as Electrospray, photoionization, corona discharge and glow discharge ionization. Reagent ions may be optimally selected to promote such processes as Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization of neutral sample molecules, or charge reduction or electron transfer dissociation of multiply charged sample ions. Selected neutral reagent species can also be introduced into the mixing region to promote charge reduction of multiply charged sample ions through ion-neutral reactions. Different operating modes can be performed alternately or simultaneously, and can be rapidly turned on and off under manual or software control.

Abstract: A Time of Flight mass analyser is disclosed wherein the time period between successive orthogonal acceleration pulses is less than the time of flight of ions having the maximum mass to charge ratio of interest. As a result, some ions are subject to wrap-around and will appear in a subsequent mass spectrum. Mass spectra obtained at two different sampling rates may be compared and mass peaks relating to ions which have and have not been subject to wrap-around may be identified.

Abstract: A portable detection device includes a surface sampling probe connected to a mass spectrometer, preferably mounted on a portable cart, and a transfer line for transporting samples from the probe to the mass spectrometer. The surface sampling probe is formed from a circular block or disk of metal such as copper and is provided with various holes in which cartridge heaters are located. The disk is preferably electroplated with nickel and then gold to allow for efficient heat transfer to the surface to be sampled. With this arrangement, in addition to other advantages, the presence of very low volatile or non-volatile materials may be determined.

Abstract: A data compression technique is disclosed for Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry (FTMS). A statistical analysis is applied to the data in the frequency domain since most of this data is a result of randomly distributed electronic noise. A fit of the whole frequency dataset to the distribution is made to determine preliminary moments of the distribution. The data in the tail of that distribution (which is mainly the peak data) is then removed and the remaining data points are re-fitted to the distribution, to identify the moments of distribution of that remaining noise data. A noise threshold for the mass spectrum is then applied using the calculated moments. The data above the threshold is kept. The whole spectrum can be reconstituted by storing the moments of distribution along with the peak data and then regenerating the noise from those moments and adding it to the peak data.

Abstract: A chemical detection system is disclosed. The chemical detection system includes an atmospheric pressure ionization (API) source that produces an API stream, a sample delivery system that delivers a liquid sample in a continuous manner to the API stream, an ion detector capable of detecting a molecule of interest and a control device. Also disclosed is a method for detecting a chemical of interest in a liquid sample.

Abstract: In a method for classifying and separating particles in a fluid stream in which the particles are sprayed and electrically charged and deflected in an electrical field one portion of the stream of the charged or ionized particles respectively is introduced into a first separation device operated as an analyzer (4) and is deflected under variation of the applied high voltage or the electric field respectively, whereby particles reach a detector chamber (10) according to separation criteria like, for example charge or particle size. This high voltage and/or field strength corresponding to a species collected in the detector chamber (10) is read and/or stored as a reference value. The particle stream is fed into a separator (5), in which the previously acquired high voltage and/or field strength is applied and particles of the species deflected in the analyzer (4) into the detector chamber (10) are enriched and discharged correspondingly.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods, compositions, and systems for calibrating a fluorescent polynucleotide separation apparatus. One aspect of the invention is multiple color calibration standards and their use. A multiple color calibration standard is a mixture of at least two polynucleotides of different length, wherein each of the polynucleotides is labeled with a spectrally distinct fluorescent dye. Another aspect of the invention is to produce total emission temporal profiles of multiple color calibration standards for use in calibrating fluorescent polynucleotide separation apparatus. The peaks corresponding to the fluorescently labeled polynucleotides in the total emission temporal profile may be detected using a peak detector that is driven by changes in the slopes of the total emission temporal profile.

Abstract: Sample inspection apparatus, sample inspection method, and sample inspection system are offered which can give a stimulus to a sample held on a film when the sample is inspected by irradiating it with a primary beam (e.g., an electron beam or other charged-particle beam) via the film. The apparatus has the film, a vacuum chamber, primary beam irradiation column, signal detector, and a controller for controlling the operations of the beam irradiation column and signal detector. The sample is held on a first surface of the film opened to permit access to the film. The vacuum chamber reduces the pressure of the ambient in contact with a second surface of the film. The irradiation column irradiates the sample with the primary beam via the film from the second surface side. The detector detects a secondary signal produced from the sample in response to the irradiation.

Abstract: A sample is evaluated at a high throughput by reducing axial chromatic aberration and increasing the transmittance of secondary electrons. Electron beams emitted from an electron gun 1 are irradiated onto a sample 7 through a primary electro-optical system, and electrons consequently emitted from the sample are detected by a detector 12 through a secondary electro-optical system. A Wien filter 8 comprising a multi-pole lens for correcting axial chromatic aberration is disposed between a magnification lens 10 in the secondary electro-optical system and a beam separator 5 for separating a primary electron beam and a secondary electron beam, for correcting axial chromatic aberration caused by an objective lens 14 which comprises an electromagnetic lens having a magnetic gap defined on a sample side.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device and method for the measurement of the concentration of at least one substance in a turbid medium. The device comprises at least one radiation source (12) adapted to illuminate the turbid medium (17) on at least one irradiation area. The device further comprises at least one detector adapted to detect backscattered light from the turbid medium from at least one detection area and to generate detection signals representative of the backscattered light. The device is arranged to generate detection signals with respect to at least two different irradiation-detection distances. The irradiation-detection distances are defined as the respective distances between the irradiation areas and the detection areas.

Abstract: A method of predicting the stability of a hydrocarbon process stream is disclosed and claimed. The method includes obtaining samples from one or more process streams and measuring the actual stability and the near infrared spectral absorbance of those samples. A classification model is initially developed to identify sample subsets and correlation model is created using the stability and absorbance data by inserting that data into a mathematical function. Online or offline measurements are then taken from the hydrocarbon process stream, the classification model is used initially to identify the subset and corresponding correlation model is used to predict the stability of the stream.

Abstract: A reflection-based optical sensor device (100) for detecting a presence of an object (110) having a detection surface (111) includes a housing (115) having first and second open volumes (120,130) including a central common portion (140) for isolating the first and second volumes. A light emitter (122) for emitting an irradiation beam (141) is contained within the first volume of the housing, wherein the light emitter is positioned in the housing so that the irradiation beam is aligned within 5 degrees of a surface normal of the detection surface (111). A light detector (132) has a detection plane (133) contained within the second volume of the housing, wherein the light detector is positioned in the housing so that the normal from the detection plane (133) is aligned within 5 degrees of the surface normal of the detection surface (111).

Abstract: The device comprises a floodlight unit and a receiver unit and a processing unit. The floodlight unit applies an infrared light to the surface of a work piece, and comprises a surface light source and a focusing lens. The receiver unit receives the infrared light reflected from the surface of the work piece, and comprises a receiver sensor and a filter, which passes the infrared light that has the wavelength which contaminants on the surface absorb. The processing unit evaluates the cleanliness of the surface of the work piece according to the absorbance of the infrared light reflected from the surface. And a receiving area of the reflected infrared light from the surface is set smaller than an applying area of the applied infrared light to the surface.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and apparatus for detecting radiation including x-ray, gamma ray, and particle radiation for nuclear medicine, radiographic imaging, material composition analysis, high energy physics, container inspection, mine detection and astronomy. The invention provides detection systems employing one or more detector modules comprising edge-on scintillator detectors with sub-aperture resolution (SAR) capability employed, e.g., in nuclear medicine, such as radiation therapy portal imaging, nuclear remediation, mine detection, container inspection, and high energy physics and astronomy. The invention also provides edge-on imaging probe detectors for use in nuclear medicine, such as radiation therapy portal imaging, or for use in nuclear remediation, mine detection, container inspection, and high energy physics and astronomy.

Abstract: A miniaturized floating gate (FG) MOSFET radiation sensor system is disclosed, The sensor preferably comprises a matched pair of sensor and reference FGMOSFETs wherein the sensor FGMOSFET has a larger area floating gate with an extension over a field oxide layer, for accumulation of charge and increased sensitivity. Elimination of a conventional control gate and injector gate reduces capacitance, and increases sensitivity, and allows for fabrication using standard low cost CMOS technology. A sensor system may be provided with integrated signal processing electronics, for monitoring a change in differential channel current ID, indicative of radiation dose, and an integrated negative bias generator for automatic pre-charging from a low voltage power source. Optionally, the system may be coupled to a wireless transmitter. A compact wireless sensor System on Package solution is presented, suitable for dosimetry for radiotherapy or other biomedical applications.

Abstract: A collector optical system is provided in which radiation is collected from a radiation source and directed to an image focus. The collector optical system includes one or more mirrors, with each mirror being symmetric about an optical axis extending through the radiation source and each mirror having at least first and second reflective surfaces. The first and second reflective surfaces have a common focus, such that radiation from the source undergoes successive grazing incidence reflections at the first and second reflective surface and wherein the common focus is transversely offset by a predetermined distance ?r with respect to the optical axis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device with high efficiency and high spatial resolution for detection of individual x-rays. Briefly, the invention provides a detector for x-rays with energy exceeding 20 keV that is based on a columnar scintillator having a number of columns, and a semiconductor readout circuit coupled to the scintillator, where the detector is configured for providing a detector resolution that is independent of scintillator thickness. This may be accomplished by estimating a misalignment of the columns of the columnar scintillator with respect to the direction of incoming x-rays and either physically aligning the columns of the columnar scintillator to the direction of incoming x-rays or computationally correcting for the estimated misalignment.

Abstract: A UV light detector is disclosed that has a UV sensing element comprising a substrate and a thin film layer formed on the substrate. The thin film layer is for receiving and converting UV light into electricity for a photovoltaic output. First and second electrodes are formed on one surface of the thin film layer and are configured to form an electric polarization in the thin film layer between the first and second electrodes and to collect the photovoltaic output. There is also an amplifier and an output display. The UV sensing element is configured to collect the photovoltaic output, the amplifier being configured to receive the photovoltaic output from the UV sensing element, the output display being configured to provide a display when UV light is received at the one surface, the display being derived from the photovoltaic output. A UV dosimeter is also disclosed.

Abstract: An optical measuring device includes: a light applying section configured to apply laser light to a sample flowing in a channel; and a fluorescence detecting section configured to detect fluorescence generated from the sample irradiated with the laser light; the fluorescence detecting section including a multichannel photomultiplier tube having a plurality of detection channels capable of simultaneously detecting a plurality of light beams, a light separator configured to separate the fluorescence according to wavelengths to provide the plurality of light beams, the light separator being provided by a transmission grating or a prism, and a telecentric condenser lens configured to receive the plurality of light beams from the light separator and direct the plurality of light beams toward the plurality of detection channels of the multichannel photomultiplier tube so that the optical axes of the plurality of light beams are parallel to each other.

Abstract: A radiation detection system (100) is described comprising a measurement region (104) in a measurement chamber adapted for receiving at least one sample (108) to be examined and adapted for receiving excitation radiation for impingement on the at least one sample (108) and for generating sample radiation. The radiation detection system (100) furthermore comprises at least one detector element (106) for detection of the generated sample radiation. The radiation detection system thereby is a front irradiation system, i.e. the excitation radiation is incident on a first side of the measurement region (104) in a measurement chamber and the at least one detector element (106) is positioned at a second side of the measurement region (104) in a measurement chamber, the second side being opposite to the first side with respect to the measurement region (104) in a measurement chamber, such that detection occurs at the side facing the first side.

Abstract: There is provided a wave guide comprising: a wave guiding medium, having an index of refraction and provided between first and second wave propagating planar structures at least said first planar structure comprises a plurality of slitted-apertures defining a length axis of the first reflective structure; the slitted apertures constructed and arranged to reflect a R-polarized component of said radiation oriented parallel to said length axis; and wherein said first planar structure is arranged between said wave guiding medium and an adjacent medium having an index of refraction equal or larger than the wave guiding medium. In one aspect of the invention, a waveguide is proposed to limit an excitation region wherein luminophores are excited; substantially independent from the surrounding media of the waveguide. Preferentially, the waveguide is used in a luminescence sensor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a luminescence sensor (20) comprising at least one chamber (22) and at least one optical filter formed by at least a first conductive grating (11), the at least first conductive grating (11) comprising a plurality of wires (12), wherein at least one of the wires (12) of the at least first conductive grating (11) is linked to a temperature control device for controlling the temperature of at least one chamber (22) in the sensor.

Abstract: A reflector for an ultraviolet lamp can be used in a substrate processing apparatus. The reflector comprises a longitudinal strip extending the length of the ultraviolet lamp. The longitudinal strip has a curved reflective surface and comprises a plurality of through holes to direct a coolant gas toward the ultraviolet lamp. A chamber that uses an ultraviolet lamp module with the reflector, and a method of ultraviolet treatment are also described.

Abstract: A glass composition for ultraviolet light is provided. The glass composition for ultraviolet light contains Lu, Al, and O in an amount of 99.99 weight % or more in total. The glass composition contains Lu in an amount of 24% or more and 33% or less in cation percent and Al in an amount of 67% or more and 76% or less in cation percent.

Abstract: Reducing line edge roughness by particle beam exposure is generally described. In one example, a method includes forming one or more line structures on a surface of a semiconductor substrate, aligning the one or more line structures to a beam path of a particle beam such that particles of the particle beam travel within 45 degrees of parallel to a lengthwise direction of the one or more line structures, and exposing the one or more line structures to the particle beam to reduce line edge roughness of the one or more line structures wherein an incident angle of the particle beam to the surface of the semiconductor substrate is between about 45 degrees and about 90 degrees, where 0 degrees is normal to the surface of the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: An electron beam lithography machine (10) comprises a base structure in the form of a plinth (14), a plurality of legs (22), which preferably include pneumatic damping elements (23), for supporting the plinth relative to a support surface (24), the legs defining a support plane (A) for the plinth, an electron beam column (11) carried by the plinth and a stage (17, 18) arranged in a vacuum chamber at the plinth to be movable substantially parallel to the support plane and to carry a workpiece (13) to be acted on by an electron beam generated by the column. The centre of gravity (25) of the stage, which can be movable along X and Y axes of a co-ordinate system of the machine, is disposed in or adjacent to the support plane so that a reaction force to the stage movement is oriented in the support plane or in an adjacent, parallel plane.

Abstract: A method for cleaning a substrate processing apparatus in which a first ion beam generator and a second ion beam generator are arranged opposite to each other to sandwich a plane on which a substrate is to be placed, and which processes two surfaces of the substrate, comprises steps of retreating the substrate from a position between the first ion beam generator and the second ion beam generator, and cleaning the second ion beam generator by emitting an ion beam from the first ion beam generator to the second ion beam generator.

Abstract: An ultraviolet-transmitting microwave reflector for a substrate processing chamber, comprises a micromesh screen extending across the metallic frame. In one version, the micromesh screen comprises at least one electroformed layer. A method of fabricating the microwave reflector comprises electroforming a metallic frame surrounding a micromesh screen such that the micromesh screen comprises an open area of greater than 80% of the total area.

Abstract: A tube clamp having first and second opposed jaws (1012, 1014) joined by a hinge (1016), the jaws (1012, 1014) movable between open and closed positions, the tube clamp adapted to attach to a flexible plastic tube (1024) so that the tube (1024) passes between the jaws (1012, 1014), whereby the flow of fluid through the tube (1024) is permitted when the jaws are open but is blocked when the jaws are brought together to the closed position to pinch closed the tube there-between, and locking means (1048, 1036, 1042) to effect substantially permanent and irreversible locking of the jaws (1012, 1014) in the closed position.