Abstract: A prefabricated roof plate element (4), including one or more longitudinal box-shaped girders (24), each consisting of two predominantly U-shaped metal sections (10, 18) which at mutually facing, open sides are interconnected along narrow outwards bent lateral edges (5), the girders (24) being connected at upper and lower narrow sides corrugated in longitudinal direction with corrugated metal plates (7) corrugated in transverse direction and having approximately the same width as the roof plate element (4), the girders (24) being disposed along opposing sides and at the centre of the roof plate element (4), where the girders (4) and the roof plate element (4), respectively, are designed with reduced height/thickness at an end part intended for forming eaves (6). By means of simple technical measures is hereby achieved substantial projecting advantages which furthermore have appeared to enable an architecturally very simple and light construction of the visible part of the roof plate on buildings.

Abstract: A stiffened plate is formed by welding a plurality of stiffener materials which, together with a steel plate, form closed cross-sectional structures onto a surface of the steel plate. The stiffener materials are joined to the steel plate as a result of edge portions of the stiffener materials which are in contact with the steel plate by being laser welded at a predetermined welding speed as a result of a laser having a predetermined output being irradiated from a predetermined direction thereon from the external side of the closed cross-sectional structures. Accordingly, it is possible to achieve an improvement in the weld quality when welding stiffener materials onto a steel plate, and to achieve an improvement in fatigue strength.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mounting fitting (1) for anchoring in a honeycomb panel (15). The mounting fitting (1) has an adhesive channel (6) and adhesive discharge openings (8). The invention proposes to arrange the adhesive discharge openings (8) in such a way that they are located in a cover panel (16) of the honeycomb panel (15) and to construct the mounting fitting (1) with an adhesive distribution groove (9) running like a screw-thread around the periphery, into which the adhesive discharge openings (8) open. It is thus ensured that there is good distribution of adhesive and that the hole (18) in the cover panel (16) of the honeycomb panel (15) is completely filled with adhesive. Adhesive discharged on the inner side of the cover panel (16) improves adhesion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel load-bearing space lattice structure, lightweight construction elements comprising such structure, and a process for the preparation of such lightweight construction elements. The structure is characterized by comprising faces or edges of truncated octahedrons in a space-filling arrangement. Such structures have an optimum ratio of surface area to volume and can therefore be realized with a minimum expense of material. Lightweight construction elements containing such structures, e.g., as a sandwich core, are superior to conventional elements with honeycomb cores in terms of strength properties. For the preparation of such structures, it is proposed to assemble them from molded parts represented by the faces of truncated octahedrons cut in half and arranged in a space-filling manner.

Abstract: A building panel includes a facer sheet having opposed side joints, a liner sheet, a core material bonded between the facer and liner sheets, and at least one false joint formed in the facer sheet extending between the side joints such that the facer sheet is a continuous sheet across the at least one false joint. The at least one false joint includes a base surface extending into the foam core, opposing side surfaces connecting the base surface to the facer sheet, and a tab formed on each opposing side surface at one of the side joints. The tabs are folded under the one side joint.

Abstract: An anvil device (1) for a fitment applicator is described, where the anvil device (1) includes one or more arms (2), where each arm is equipped with a carrier (5) for the positioning of a closure (22) against a contact surface (6) for co-operation with a welding head (21) during fixation of a closure to a cartoon, where the carrier (5) and the contact surface (6) are aligned on a contact device (4) which is adjustably fastened to the anvil device (1).

Abstract: A boxing device includes a collecting unit, a group weight measuring unit, a determination unit, and a boxing unit, and adapted to pack a predetermined weight or a predetermined number of articles in a box. The collecting unit is configured and arranged to collect the articles as a group. The group weight measuring unit is configured and arranged to measure the weight of the group. The determination unit is configured and arranged to determine whether or not it is adequate to pack the group of the articles in the box based on the weight measured by the group weight measuring unit. The boxing unit is configured and arranged to pack, in the box, a plurality of the groups of the articles determined by the determination unit to be adequate to be packed in the box.

Abstract: A foil lid inspection system for detecting and separating defective foil lids on a container in a production line includes one or more light sources, an inspection camera, and inspection software. The light sources are positioned to direct light in an upward direction to illuminate the container. The inspection camera is positioned above the foil lid, and the camera includes one or more outputs. The inspection software is in communication with the inspection camera. The inspection software is constructed and arranged to determine if the foil lid on the container is defective. A reject signal is applied to an output if the software determines that the foil lid is defective.

Abstract: The present invention provides a torque measuring station, comprising a cap-engaging assembly for engaging a cap that has been secured onto a container, a torque measuring assembly for obtaining a measurement indicative of the torque exerted on the cap by the cap engaging assembly and a processing entity in communication with the torque measuring assembly. The processing entity is operative for receiving the measurement indicative of the torque, and for causing the container to be handled, once released from said cap-engaging assembly, on the basis of the measurement indicative of the torque applied to the cap.

Abstract: An air conveyor is positioned on a tabbing machine and includes a housing having an air chamber and a web entry and web exit and air port communicating with the air chamber. An air nozzle assembly is positioned within the air chamber and includes upper and lower nozzle plates that extend across the air chamber and spaced from each other to form a web delivery channel that is aligned with the web entry and web exit. Each of the nozzle plates includes a plurality of air nozzles extending through the nozzle plate and configured to pass pressurized air from the air chamber into the web delivery channel such that a web of material entering the web entry is drawn, for example, by venturi pressure, from the web entry through the web delivery channel and out the web exit.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of a vacuum skin package where the lower support member is formed in a suitably selected shape which process comprises feeding a flat lower web (3) of thermoplastic material with the product (6) to be packaged loaded thereon and an upper thermoplastic web (27), to a vacuum chamber (8) for skin packaging that comprises an upper element (9) comprising a heated upper concavity (11) and a lower element (10) comprising a female vacuum forming mould (16) suitably shaped to match the desired shape for the support member of the end package, closing the vacuum chamber (8) and drawing the upper web (27) toward the upper concavity (11) by differential pressure; evacuating air or gases from the space between the lower web (3) and the upper web (27), in the closed vacuum chamber (8), while maintaining the vacuum from above the upper web and from below the lower supporting web; and reintroducing air from above the upper film, thus moving the heated upper web (27) against the product (6) and the

Abstract: A method of forming and filling a pouch, comprises forming opposing walls of a film; sealing the opposing walls of film together to form at least one pouch; filling an interior section of the at least one pouch through an opening in an upper portion of the at least one pouch with a flowable material; forming a top sealed expressing-shaped region to close the opening in the at least one pouch; and cradling the pouch with a foldable flat that is more rigid than the pouch that can be folded or rolled to compress the pouch to express the flowable material through the expressing shaped region.

Abstract: A packaging apparatus and method for depositing pills into a series of containers is provided. A cylindrical rotary slat is rotatable about a first axis and comprises radially inward and outward portions, the radially outward portion defining pill apertures for receiving pills therein at a first angular position. A negative pressure system is configured to apply a negative pressure to the pill apertures to retain the pills therein. An ejection device is in communication with the pill apertures at a second angular position of the rotary slat to eject the respective pills outwardly from the pill apertures. A collection mechanism is disposed adjacent to the radially outward portion about the second angular position, and is configured to collect the pills ejected from the pill apertures and to direct the pills toward the series of containers for deposition therein.

Abstract: A method for producing a package with an inner volume of the package containing a headspace volume and a volume taken by the product, and a packaging machine. To allow the reduction of the size of such a package, the package is formed providing a product to be packaged inside the package; providing a tray with its height being smaller than the maximum height of the product; placing the product into the tray; replacing the atmosphere surrounding the product by a gas mixture of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen; covering the tray containing the product by a formable sheet material; forming the formable sheet material and sealing tray together with the formable sheet material, so that the headspace volume containing the gas mixture makes at most half of the volume taken by the product inside the package.

Abstract: A bag-making and packaging machine includes a forming mechanism, a vertical sealing mechanism, a transverse sealing mechanism and a receiving member. The forming mechanism is configured to roll a sheet-shaped packaging material into a cylindrical shape to form a cylindrical packaging material. The vertical sealing mechanism is configured and arranged to seal an overlapping portion of the cylindrical packaging material with heat vertically along a direction in which the cylindrical packaging material extends. The receiving member is attached to the forming mechanism in a position facing the vertical sealing mechanism, and configured and arranged to sandwich the overlapping portion together with the vertical sealing mechanism. The receiving member has elasticity with which the receiving member presses the overlapping portion toward the vertical sealing mechanism.

Abstract: Protective suit for a dog allows a dog to work in a cleanroom or other controlled environment. Suit 10 includes particle-blocking coverall 20 and hood 50. Hood 50 includes transparent face shield 52 to cover dog's eyes and snout. Face shield 52 is open at the end to allow air and odors to reach dog's nose unimpeded. Face shield 52 extends slightly beyond dog's nostrils to prevent dog from contacting hazardous chemicals or pathogens. Coverall 20 includes fitted sleeves 22 with integral boots 24; also a tail pouch 30 to keep tail separate and visible.

Abstract: A portable air filtration system used in industrial environments to filter and re-circulate fumes from a fume source includes a housing that filters the fumes from the fume source. The housing defines at least one housing inlet to receive the fumes and a housing outlet to dispense the fumes. A receiving assembly is releaseably engageable with the at least one housing inlet and includes a receiver inlet and a receiver outlet. The receiver outlet is in fluid communication with the at least one housing inlet. The receiver inlet receives the fumes from the fume source and transfers the fumes to the housing inlet. The system is capable of being modified between a plurality of configurations.

Abstract: A filter cartridge, a safety element and fluid cleaner assembly are described. The fluid cleaner assembly generally includes a housing having a cover and a primary fluid cleaner section. The filter cartridge generally comprises z-filter media, arranged in a straight through configuration. Preferred cartridges include a seal gasket positioned to extend continuously around at outer perimeter of the straight through flow construction. The fluid cleaner assembly can have a precleaner positioned therein. Preferred features are described. Methods of assembly and use are also provided.

Abstract: A filter frame is removably attachable to a box fan. The filter frame is adapted for receiving a standard HVAC-style filter for removing contaminants from air flow induced by the fan. In this manner, a cost-effective means for filtering a flow of air is provided for residential and commercial settings. The filter frame is adaptable to a variety of standard box fan types of different styles and dimensions. The frame is configured to accommodate standard filters, such as those readily available from retail hardware stores and home centers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a ceramic filter comprising clay and a process for preparing the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to the ceramic filter, including wave- shaped ceramic paper and plate-shaped paper, having improved efficiency and performance that may optimize the process of coating and calcining inorganic binder by forming an outer wall thereon, using clay, and thus increase insulation effect and mechanical strength represented by the clay layer, and the process for preparing thereof.

Abstract: A flexible fibrous material comprises inorganic fibers and a binder and methods of making the same. The binder comprises at least one of: a first organic polymer having anionic groups and a flocculent, the flocculent comprising a second organic polymer having cationic groups; or a reaction product of the first organic polymer and the flocculent. Flexible fibrous material according to the present invention may be used as components in certain pollution control devices.

Abstract: A walk behind lawn mower has an exit tunnel that is opened and closed by a pivotal mulch door to convert the mower between collecting and mulching modes of operation. An operating handle fixed to the mulch door includes a vertically reciprocal push button for releasing locking tabs that engage detents for holding the mulch door in the open and closed positions thereof. The bottom wall of the exit tunnel has a steeply inclined rear ramp section that is angled upwardly relative to the horizontal at least approximately 45°. The rear discharge opening of the exit tunnel occupies approximately an upper quarter of the area of the rear face of the cutting deck. Grass clippings flow into the upper portion of a grass collector through this high, steeply angled exit tunnel to promote even and full filling of the grass collector in the collecting mode.

Abstract: An agricultural power control system including a moving element, a power source, a signal generating element and a torque modifying device. The moving element is configured to engage a quantity of crop material in a cyclical manner. The power source conveys power to the moving element. The signal generating element is configured to provide a signal relating to an anticipated quantity of crop material prior to the moving element engaging the quantity of crop material. The torque modifying device is configured to cause the power source to alter an amount of torque delivered to the moving element dependent upon the signal.

Abstract: A direct drive system for the rotating cutter shaft assembly in a flail mower includes a internally splined collar having a thermal interfitment within and welded attachment to a rotating shaft assembly. An externally splined shaft from a drive motor mounted to the flail mower housing fits into the internally splined collar to provide rotational force to the rotating cutter shaft assembly.

Abstract: A cutting assembly having a first member in the form of three paddles, each paddle comprising a planar main body portion and a pair of leg members attached to a first tubular rotating shaft. A blade member is provided which is substantially U-shaped and has a pair of leg portions and an interconnecting portion which comprises the cutting blade. The leg portions are attached to a second rotating shaft which sits within the first shaft and rotates in the opposite directon to the first shaft. When uncut sugarcane is pushed sufficiently into the cutting assembly, the cane will be pushed upwardly by being struck by a paddle and at the same time will be cut into billets by the counter rotating blade member. The billet will then be flung or thrown upwardly by the force of the rotating paddle.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for supply of treating fluid to a cutting apparatus directly to cut vegetation substantially simultaneously with the cutting of the vegetation. Treating fluid is delivered from the supply to an intermediate, sealed reservoir into which a desired volume of treating fluid is maintained and a rotary shaft seal is provided to seal the reservoir against entrance of debris. The treating fluid is then delivered from the sealed reservoir, via centrifugal force, through a channel to a passageway formed in the bolt connecting the cutting blade to a blade mount of the mower.

Abstract: A self-propelled agricultural harvesting machine has at least one height-adjustable pick-up device for adapting an agricultural front attachment which is supported via at least one support wheel which, when in the transport position, is in contact with the ground. A braking device brakes the wheels of the agricultural harvesting machine. A control device regulates the ground pressure of the at least one support wheel on the ground when the braking device is activated.

Abstract: A self-cleaning mounting system for a ground roller assembly to be used on a mower such as a flail mower including a stationary sleeve bearing positioned on mounting shafts extending from either end of the ground roller. The stationary sleeve bearing is positioned in a housing which is vertically positionably with respect to the mower housing. The housing includes a stationary helical flight and a seal guard which fits within the ground roller. The stationary sleeve bearing is protected on either end from dirt and debris getting between the inside surface of the stationary sleeve bearing and the outside surface of the mounting shafts on either end of the ground roller.

Abstract: A mounting system for a ground roller assembly to be used on a mower such as a flail mower including a stationary sleeve bearing positioned on mounting shafts extending from either end of the ground roller. The stationary sleeve bearing is positioned in a housing which is vertically positionably with respect to the mower housing. The stationary sleeve bearing is protected on either end from dirt and debris getting between the inside surface of the stationary sleeve bearing and the outside surface of the mounting shafts on either end of the ground roller.

Abstract: A mowing head is described, particularly for a bush-cutter, comprising a rotor rotating around a rotation axis (R-R) and its cover, in which the rotor is equipped with at least one supporting surface from which at least one external perimeter wall and at least one internal wall depart, such external perimeter wall and such internal wall mutually defining at least one housing seat of at least one length of flexible cutter, the external perimeter wall being radially equipped with at least one slit adapted to allow at least one length of the flexible cutter to go out from inside the housing seat to the outside.

Abstract: A fruit extractor including a container having an open top, blade slidably connected to said open top, such that said blade covers said open top in a closed position and uncovers said open top in a retracted position, a pole connected to said container, a retraction arm connected to said blade and pivotally connected to said pole, and a retraction line connected to said retraction arm for moving said arm to a retracted position.

Abstract: A round baler has a tailgate moveable between a closed position in which the tailgate extends along the back side of the baling chamber and an open position in which a completely formed bale can be discharged from the baling chamber and a controller programmed to open and close the tailgate in response to a bale discharge signal. The tailgate opens and closes initially relatively quickly and then more slowly as the tailgate approaches the fully open or fully closed position, the rate of opening and closing being determined by the period of time lapsing from the bale discharge signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a parallel turbine arrangement including a compressor and a first turbine in operable communication with the compressor and a second turbine in operable communication with the compressor.

Abstract: The invention relates to gas turbine plants which can be used for gas turbine locomotives and mobile and stationary power plants and which use cryogenic gas fuel. The oil systems of a gas turbine engine and of actuating units are designed in the form of individual adjustable flow circuits each of which comprises fuel-oil heat exchangers, the cooling medium of which his in the form of a cryogenic gas fuel, a delivery pump and an oil tank. The cooling cavities of the fuel/oil heat exchangers are connected, at the inputs thereof, to a fuel supply and adjusting device and to a fuel heater, which is arranged, at the outputs thereof, in the sleeve of the gas turbine engine. Said invention makes it possible to design a low-consumption gas turbine plant provided with a small-sized oil-cooling and fuel-heating system.

Abstract: An example core nacelle for a gas turbine engine includes a core cowl positioned adjacent an inner duct boundary of a fan bypass passage having an associated discharge airflow cross-sectional area. The core cowl includes at least one translating section and at least one flap section. The translating section of the core cowl is selectively moveable to vary the discharge airflow cross-sectional area.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for controlling an electric motor actuating a mobile hood provided in a thrust reverser for a turboreactor, said method being characterised in that it comprises steps of: determining the operating state of the electric motor; interrupting the supply of the electric motor if said motor is not in operation during a defined period of time; reactivating the electric motor after an idle period and repeating the previous steps or definitively stopping the motor if the steps have already been repeated a pre-defined number of times. The invention also relates to a method for managing the electrical supply of a motor provided in a device arranged in the vicinity of a turboreactor.

Abstract: A nacelle for a turbojet includes an air inlet structure capable of channeling an air flow toward a fan of the turbojet, a middle structure designed to surround the fan and a downstream section fitted with a pivoting-door thrust reverser system having a single thrust reverser door mounted so as to pivot between a closed position in which it allows an air flow to travel from the turbojet in a direct jet and in which it ensures the internal and external aerodynamic continuity of the nacelle and an open position in which it pivots toward a position substantially perpendicular to the axis of the nacelle, a downstream portion of the door moving inside the nacelle to close off at least a portion of the air flow of the turbojet and direct it in a direction oriented toward the front of the nacelle, where the downstream section has, downstream of the door, a ring extending over the whole periphery.

Abstract: According to the invention, upstream of the injection means, the combustible propellant and the oxidant propellant are mixed at constant pressure; and to inject the said mixture of propellants at constant pressure into the combustion chamber (1), injection means (7 to 11) are chosen, making it possible to vary the flow rate of the said injected mixture.

Abstract: In an exhaust purification system having a urea addition device adding a urea aqueous solution to an NOx catalyst of selective reduction type provided in an exhaust passage in an internal combustion engine, a sensor detecting an ammonia concentration is provided at the downstream side of the NOx catalyst. During fuel cut, a predetermined amount of urea aqueous solution is added. Then, based on a sensor output obtained at this time, an abnormality in at least one of the urea addition device and the urea aqueous solution is detected. The addition of the urea aqueous solution during the fuel cut prevents reactive consumption between urea and NOx. The sensor output corresponding to the amount of the urea aqueous solution is obtained. This output condition is compared with a normal one to allow determination of whether or not an appropriate amount of urea aqueous solution of appropriate quality has been added.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an exhaust emission control device having an NOx adsorbent, and makes it possible to judge whether the performance of the NOx adsorbent is degraded temporarily or permanently. The amounts of NOx and water adsorbed by the NOx adsorbent are measured during an actual operation of an internal combustion engine. A reference line indicating the correlation between a preselected water adsorption amount and NOx adsorption amount is then referenced to determine a reference value y0 of the NOx adsorption amount that corresponds to a measured value x1 of the water adsorption amount. Next, a measured value y1 of the NOx adsorption amount is compared against the reference value y0 to output a signal in which the result of the comparison is reflected.

Abstract: An exhaust component for use with a combustion engine is disclosed. The exhaust component may have a housing at least partially defining an inlet and an outlet, and a treatment device supported by the housing in communication with exhaust passing from the inlet to the outlet. The exhaust component may also have a life indicator permanently associated with at least one of the housing and the treatment device.

Abstract: A vehicle system includes a hydrocarbon adsorber, a catalyst, a control module, and a heater. The hydrocarbon adsorber receives first exhaust gases, adsorbs hydrocarbons from the first exhaust gases, and outputs second exhaust gases. The catalyst receives the second exhaust gases. The control module controls a heater and fuel injectors. The heater heats a portion of the catalyst to a predetermined temperature. The control module controls the fuel injectors to generate a fuel-rich air/fuel mixture when the portion of the catalyst is heated to the predetermined temperature.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to reduce oxide stored in an NOx catalyst in a more preferable manner. According to the present invention, when oxide stored in the NOx catalyst is to be reduced, the combustion mode of the internal combustion engine is switched into a low air-fuel ratio mode in which the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture in the internal combustion engine is low, and supply of fuel is executed at a time when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas has been made low by the switching of the combustion mode.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, a pair of NOx storing catalysts are arranged in series in an engine exhaust passage. When causing the upstream NOx storing catalyst to release NOx and store the released NOx in the downstream NOx storing catalyst, the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas is temporarily reduced in a state where the exhaust gas is maintained at a lean air-fuel ratio. As opposed to this, when releasing NOx from the upstream NOx storing catalyst and the downstream NOx storing catalyst and reducing the NOx, the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is temporarily switched from lean to rich.

Abstract: In a NOx purification system 1 provided with a NOx occlusion reduction catalyst 20 and a control unit 30 which executes a NOx regeneration control and a sulfur poisoning regeneration control, a binary ? sensor 26 and a reducing agent concentration sensor 25 for detecting a concentration of the reducing agent are disposed downstream of the NOx occlusion reduction catalyst 20. The level of deterioration of the NOx occlusion reduction catalyst 20 caused by sulfur poisoning is estimated on the basis of a time period Ta from a time point T3 at which a marked decrease of oxygen concentration is detected by the binary ? sensor 26 to the time point T2 at which the marked increase of the oxygen concentration is detected by the reducing agent concentration sensor 25 under the NOx regeneration control.

Abstract: Urea supply information with is integrated with vehicle location, routing and urea consumption information to generate driver guidance for obtaining urea resupply or, at a minimum, automatically generating orders to position supplies of urea at a target location.

Abstract: An NOx purification system having a selective reduction catalyst, adapted so that even when no ammonia or urea is supplied, NOx is converted to ammonia by a first catalyst including a lean NOx catalyst or a ternary catalyst at ammonia formation control and the ammonia is adsorbed by the selective reduction catalyst disposed downstream and so that by the adsorbed ammonia, there is carried out reduction purification of the NOx contained in the exhaust gas when no ammonia formation control is performed by the selective reduction catalyst. At the ammonia formation control, an ammonia adsorption target amount being a target value of ammonia adsorbed by the selective reduction catalyst is computed, and the ammonia formation control is carried out only when a cumulative value of an ammonia formation amount formed by the first catalyst at the ammonia formation control is under the ammonia adsorption target amount. Consequently, ammonia is stably supplied in just proportion to the selective reduction catalyst.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust gas purifying apparatus for an internal combustion engine which can successfully desorb predetermined components contained in exhaust gas from adsorption means for adsorbing the components and can successfully purify the desorbed components, even during the stop of the internal combustion engine. A main exhaust passage 42 and a bypass passage 46 bypassing the main exhaust passage 42 are provided. An exhaust switching valve 50 that is capable of switching a flow target into the exhaust gas flows between the main exhaust passage 42 and the bypass passage 46 is provided. An adsorbent 52 for adsorbing the predetermined components contained in the exhaust gas is provided in the bypass passage 46. An underfloor catalyst 56 including a catalyst with an electric heater (EHC) 58 is provided at a downstream side of the bypass passage 46 in the main exhaust passage 42.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine wherein when an aqueous urea solution should be fed from an aqueous urea solution feed valve (8), a feed pump (9) is operated forward and aqueous urea solution in an aqueous urea solution tank (4) is fed through an aqueous urea solution feed passage (10) into the aqueous urea solution feed valve (8). When ceasing the feed of aqueous urea solution from the aqueous urea solution feed valve (8), the feed pump (9) is operated in reverse whereby the ammonia gas generated in the aqueous urea solution tank (4) is drawn through a ammonia gas feed pipe (11) into the aqueous urea solution feed passage (10). Next, when the feed pump (9) is operated forward, the ammonia gas drawn into the aqueous urea solution feed path (10) is ejected from the aqueous urea solution feed valve (8).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a secondary air supply arrangement having an actuator operably connected to an air pump for creating air flow between an inlet and outlet of the air pump. A pulse width modulated controller is operably connected to the actuator for applying a pulse width modulated voltage to the actuator. The pulse width modulated controller controls the initial in-rush electric current when the actuator is activated.