Abstract: The embodiment provides a connection pipe and a refrigerant flowing system comprising the same. The connection pipe and the refrigerant flowing system include: a connection pipe main body of which both ends are coupled to first and second refrigerant pipes through which refrigerant is flowed and that has a channel through which refrigerant transferred from the first refrigerant pipe to be transferred to the second refrigerant pipe is flowed; and a flow interfering part that is provided on the channel to interfere the flow of the refrigerant in the direction transferred from the first refrigerant pipe to the channel.

Abstract: A sprinkle guide provided above an ice making plate (18) in a trickle ice making machine having the ice making plate (18) on which vertically extending projecting portions (20) are formed while spaced apart in the lateral direction and making a lump of ice (M) from ice making water supplied to an ice making surfaces (22a) provided between adjoining projecting portions (20, 20), and an ice making water tank (26) provided below the ice making plate (18) and collecting the ice making water trickling from the ice making surfaces (22a) of the ice making plate (18) and guiding the ice making water supplied from the ice making water tank (26) to the ice making surfaces (22a) of the ice making plate (18) comprises a cover parts (42) located above each projecting portions (20), a guide parts (44) provided between adjoining cover parts (42, 42) to face the ice making surfaces (22a); while inclining downward from the projection end side of the projecting portions (20) toward the ice making surfaces (22a) side and guidin

Abstract: The present invention relates to evaporators, and more particularly to an evaporator (10) having a duct integrated therewith, in which a circulating duct (20) and an evaporator (10) are mounted to an inner case like one body for reducing a performance deviation and working man-hours. To do this, the evaporator (10) having a duct integrated therewith includes an evaporator (10), and a circulating duct (20) including, a duct portion (30) for circulation of cold air, and a mounting portion (10) mounted to an inner case one body in a state the evaporator (10) is placed therein.

Abstract: To obtain an air conditioner having a lower-noise centrifugal fan capable of improving product reliability during transportation and execution properties of installation, with reduced packaging materials in favor of environment. The shape of a blade is formed so that when a blade edge positioned on the downstream side of the blowing direction is designated as a blade rear-edge, the centrifugal fan has a relationship of the outer diameter of the side plate>the outer diameter of the blade rear-edge on the side of a side plate>the outer diameter of the blade rear-edge on the side of a main plate?the outer diameter of the main plate, and the blade rear-edge is located inside of a straight line connecting a connection point between the blade rear-edge and the main plate to a connection point between the blade rear-edge and the side plate relative to the rotation axis of the fan, and the distance between the blade rear edge and the rotation axis increases toward the side plate from the main plate.

Abstract: A dual refrigeration circuit watercooled chiller has its respective evaporators and condensers interconnected by waterboxes such that the first circuit tubes discharge into the respective waterbox and the flow of water then passes from the respective waterboxes to the respective evaporator/condenser tubes of the second circuit. Instrumentation is attached to the waterboxes to enable the measurement of the leaving temperature differential to provide improved control. Since the first and second circuit tubes are separate and independent, both serviceability and flexibility in design are substantially enhanced.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes a main body defining a compartment, the compartment having an access opening, a first wall and a heat exchanger supported by the first wall; a refrigeration system containing therein a working medium and including an evaporator which is disposed outside of the compartment for cooling the compartment; a door supported by the main body for selectively closing at least part of the access opening of the compartment; and a sub-compartment on the door and including a second wall with an opening. The heat exchanger is coolable by the working medium. The heat exchanger and the second wall are positioned so that when the door is in a closed position, the heat exchanger is exposed to an interior of the sub-compartment through the opening.

Abstract: An intelligent digital control apparatus for wine temperature includes a tub (10), a semiconductor cooling/heating device (20), a temperature sensing device (30) and a digital control panel (40). When the wine bottle is put in the tub (10), the semiconductor cooling/heating device (20) is activated to start cooling if the setting temperature is higher than the wine temperature. The semiconductor cooling/heating device (20) begins warming when the wine temperature decreases below the setting temperature. When the wine bottle is put in the tub (10), the semiconductor cooling/heating device (20) is activated to start heating if the setting temperature is lower than the wine temperature. The semiconductor cooling/heating device (20) begins warming when the wine temperature increases over the setting temperature.

Abstract: An evaporator 1 includes two heat exchanger 10, 20 of an entry-side heat exchanger 10 and an exit-side heat exchanger 20 which are arranged opposite each other, the entry-side heat exchanger 10 having a first path 10a, a second path 10b and a third path 10c, the exit-side heat exchanger 20 having a fourth path 20a, a fifth path 20b and a sixth path 20c, the sectional area of heat exchange passages of the first path 10a in which refrigerant from an entry 7 firstly flows downward being set smaller than the sectional area of heat exchange passages of the fifth path 20b in which the refrigerant finally flows downward, and the sectional area of heat exchange passages of the sixth path 20c in which the refrigerant to an exit 8 finally flows upward being set smaller than the sectional area of heat exchange passages of the second path 10b in which the refrigerant firstly flows upward.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for the treatment of an aqueous solution comprising sodium carbonate and/or sodium bicarbonate and sodium molybdate, said process comprising freeze crystallising the solution at the eutectic freezing point thereof and recovering substantially pure ice crystals, substantially pure sodium carbonate and/or sodium bicarbonate and an aqueous product solution containing dissolved sodium molybdate.

Abstract: An exemplary device and method for removing undesired substances from original water comprises a cooling circuit for cooling the original water to or below approximately Zero degrees Celsius, whereby the saturation level of the undesired substances in the original water is exceeded, thereby causing segregation of the original water into purified ice, undesired precipitated solids, and a waste liquid containing the remaining undesired substances (soluble salts). Means for removing the waste liquid from the purified ice, a heating circuit for melting the purified ice into purified water, a reservoir having an inlet for receiving the original water and an outlet for dispensing the purified water, and a first water purity monitor disposed adjacent the outlet for monitoring a first purity level of the purified water are provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich stream, in particular a natural gas stream, by indirectly exchanging hear with the coolant mixture of a coolant mixture circuit. In said method, the coolant mixture is condensed in two or more stages, is divided into at least one lower-boiling and at least one higher-boiling coolant mixture fraction, and the coolant mixture fractions are evaporated at different temperature levels against the hydrocarbon-rich stream that is to be cooled and liquefied and are then combined before being condensed once again. The coolant mixture fractions are not entirely evaporated during normal operation and are preferably not superheated. Preferably, at least 1 to 10 percent by weight of the total amount of the coolant mixture are not evaporated.

Abstract: A modified purifier process, includes supplying a first stream of a feed gas containing hydrogen and nitrogen in a mol ratio of about 2:1, and also containing methane and argon, then cryogenically separating the feed gas into the following: f) a second stream of synthesis gas containing hydrogen and nitrogen in a mol ratio of about 3:1, g) waste gas containing principally nitrogen, and also containing some hydrogen and all of the methane supplied in the first stream, and splitting the waste gas into: h) a third stream of hydrogen/nitrogen gas i) a fourth stream of high concentrated nitrogen j) a fifth stream of methane rich gas, to be used as fuel. The combined second and third streams typically are passed to an ammonia synthesis process.

Abstract: Methods for recovering argon from a natural gas stream being purified are disclosed. The argon will be separated from the natural gas with helium and other impurities and can be recovered as liquids from the flash separation step of purifying the helium. The argon that is separated from the helium can be rectified to remove further impurities from the argon which can be recovered for storage or other uses.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for producing purified natural gas, the process comprising the steps of: expanding a pressurised natural gas stream comprising at least 4 ppmv of mercaptans and supplying it to a first separation column, in which the natural gas stream is separated into a gaseous overhead stream enriched in methane and a first fraction enriched in mercaptans; withdrawing the gaseous overhead stream enriched in methane from the separation column to obtain the purified natural gas; with drawing the fraction enriched in mercaptans from the separation column; removing mercaptans from the first fraction enriched in mercaptans.

Abstract: The adsorbent for carbon monoxide of the present invention is obtained by activating a Cu-ZSM5 type zeolite prepared as a catalyst for removal of NOX through heating at 450 to 600° C. in an inert gas atmosphere containing no moisture. The gas purification method of the present invention includes removing carbon monoxide as a trace amount of impurities contained in a gas by a temperature swing adsorption method, wherein the adsorbent for carbon monoxide according to claim 1 is used, and a regeneration operation of the adsorbent for carbon monoxide is carried out at 200 to 350° C.

Abstract: [ 4 ? ? Q air ? ? ? K ? ( P P 0 ) ? 0.35 ] ? 1 / 2 ( I ) In a process for the separation of air into at least one constituent by cryogenic distillation of air in a system of columns (1, 3) comprising at least one column (1, 3) for producing at least gaseous oxygen and/or nitrogen as product, if the operating pressure of the largest-diameter column is P>2 bar abs, then the diameter (in metres) of this column is less than (I), where : Qair is the sum of the flow rates in Sm3/h of the air feeding the column system and K is the capacity per unit area of the column and P0 is equal to 2 bar abs.

Abstract: To optimize a known method for producing a composite body from a basic body of opaque quartz glass and a dense sealing layer, in such a way that the basic body can be provided with the dense sealing layer without any significant changes and deformations in the opaque material being noticed, the invention suggests a method comprising the following steps: (a) producing the basic body by using a first slip which contains larger amorphous SiO2 particles; (b) providing a second slip which contains smaller amorphous SiO2 particles and the composition of which differs from that of the first slip at least in that it contains SiO2 nanoparticles in the range between 0.2% by wt. to 15% by wt. and which is distinguished by a relatively low vitrification temperature; (d) producing a slip layer from the second slip on a surface of the basic body, drying the slip layer, and (e) subsequently vitrifying the slip layer with formation of the dense sealing layer.

Abstract: Glass bodies and methods of making glass bodies and more particularly glass bodies, for example, microlenses and arrays of microlenses and methods of making the same are described. Cordierite powder is vitrified to form a glass body or glass bodies for instance a microlens or microlenses.

Abstract: The present invention is a composition that may be used for sealing applications in the manufacture of electronic devices. The composition includes organic vehicles that may be removed upon low temperature firing in air or inert atmospheres. The present invention is further a process for the use of the composition.

Abstract: A spinner for fiberizing glass has fiberizing holes formed in the spinner sidewall by a process utilizing an electron beam perforating process. A backing material used in the process is deposited on the walls of the fiberizing holes for increasing the corrosion resistance of the fiberizing holes. With regard to the formation of each fiberizing hole, an interaction of the backing material with an electron beam during the electron beam perforating process creates a gaseous backing material that expands through a hole created by the electron beam in the spinner sidewall to eject molten alloy material of the spinner sidewall made molten by the electron beam from the hole and deposit a thin substantially uniform coating layer of the backing material on the wall of the hole to increase the corrosion resistance of the fiberizing hole thus formed.

Abstract: A knitting needle for knitted sueded fabric is provided. The needle includes a shank, a hook, a latch, and an abrasive surface. The abrasive surface is defined on at least one of the shank, the hook, and the latch.

Abstract: A sueded knitted fabric is provided, comprising a technical face, a technical back, and a knitted body extending between the technical face and the technical back. The technical face, technical back, and knitted body comprise sueded yarns throughout.

Abstract: The present invention relates to washer/dryer (1) comprising a drum (3) having a high strength. The washer/dryer (1) of the present invention comprises a connector (9) that supports the drum (3) from the sides and distributes the forces acting on the flange (7) to the elements of the drum (3).

Abstract: A ball balancer and a laundry apparatus having the same are disclosed. A ball balancer includes a circular housing having motion space formed therein, at least two partition members spaced apart a predetermined distance along the motion space of the housing, the partition members partitioning the motion space into at least two spaces, a plurality of ball members movable within the partitioned spaces of the motion space, and viscous fluid filled in the motion space. Such the ball balancer may reduce noise and vibration of the laundry apparatus having the same.

Abstract: A ball balancer and a laundry apparatus having the same are disclosed. A ball balancer includes a circular housing comprising motion space formed therein, a fluid inlet and an air outlet, a plurality of ball members movable in motion space of the housing, a closing member closing up the fluid inlet and the air outlet, and viscous fluid filled in the motion space via the fluid inlet formed in the housing. The ball balancer according to the present invention may be fabricated more efficiently.

Abstract: A home appliance and a washing machine are provided. The home appliance includes a casing member defining an external appearance of the home appliance, and an exterior panel coupled to an outer surface of the casing member. The exterior panel includes an ornament having a patterned portion on which an image is formed, and a transparent member integrally coupled to an outer surface of the ornament. The exterior panel provides improved material text and three-dimensional effect, arousing a user's aesthetic appreciation.

Abstract: A strike lock includes an upper frame, a lower frame, a door position detector, a door position detecting spring, an electromagnetic tube, a detecting switch assembly, a buckle assembly, a press assembly, and a lock assembly. The detecting switching assembly is formed by a door position detecting switch, a substrate, and an electromagnetic tube detecting switch. The buckle assembly is formed by a buckle, a buckling spring, and a straight screw. The press assembly is formed by a positioning plate, a press unit, a pressing spring, and a positioning screw. The lock assembly is formed by a lock, a support unit, and a locking spring. The operation of the strike lock is that the electromagnetic tube moves transversally to push the buckle assembly, when the press assembly can move downwards to buckle the buckle assembly, the locking spring and the lock are free to move to have the object of door unlocking.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a lock assembly for enabling use of a key-in-knob lock cylinder assembly in different types of lock assemblies. The method includes providing a key-in-knob lock assembly having a key-in-knob housing and a plug rotatably engaged within the key-in-knob housing, providing an interchangeable core lock assembly having an interchangeable core housing, and inserting the key-in-knob housing into the interchangeable core housing such that the key-in-knob housing is universally exchangeable between the key-in-knob lock assembly and the interchangeable core lock assembly.

Abstract: A pin tumbler lock releasing system includes keyway insertible and universally configured lift, key and shim devices that cooperatively work to raise the pin stacks of a pin tumbler lock to just above its shear line so that a its plug element may be rotate within its outer casing in order to disengage it locking mechanism.

Abstract: Liquid fertilizer compositions and methods of making liquid fertilizer compositions are set forth herein. In one embodiment, a liquid fertilizing composition includes an aqueous ammonium chloride solution having a pH between 6.5 and 8.5, a dispersant selected from anionic polyacrylamides, and a corrosion inhibitor. In another embodiment, a liquid fertilizing composition includes an aqueous solution having a pH between 6.5 and 8.5. The solution includes at least 16.5 percent by weight of ammonium chloride and between 0.5 and 1.0 percent by weight of dispersant. In yet another embodiment, a liquid fertilizing composition has a pH between 7.5 and 8.5. The composition consists essentially of at least 16.5 percent by weight ammonium chloride, between 0.5 and 1.0 percent by weight dispersant, an effective amount of corrosion inhibitor, and water.

Abstract: The invention relates to aqueous pigment preparations containing (A) at least one organic and/or inorganic pigment, (B) a dispersant of formula (I) or (II), or mixtures of the dispersants of formulas (I) and (II), (C) optionally wetting agents, (D) optionally other surfactants and/or dispersants, (E) optionally one or more organic solvents or one or more hydrotropic substances, (F) optionally other additives used conventionally for the production of aqueous pigment dispersions and (G) water.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hydroforming method able to increase the expansion ratio to obtain a complicated shape hydroformed product and able to reduce the number of steps of work, that is, a hydroforming method loading a metal pipe into a divided mold, clamping the mold, then applying an internal pressure and pushing force in the pipe axial direction to said metal pipe, comprising, in a first hydroforming step, expanding said metal pipe in one direction of said metal pipe cross-section to obtain an intermediate product having a circumferential length of 90% to 100% of the circumferential length of the product shape in all of the expanded part in the pipe axial direction and having a height greater than the height of the product in said one direction and at least part of the pipe axial direction, then, in a second hydroforming step, reducing the height in the one direction of said intermediate product in all or part of the pipe axial direction while shaping the product to the final product shape.

Abstract: A method and a device are provided for the planar and spatial bending of rod-shaped components (2) having a longitudinal axis, such as pipes and profiles, including two roller systems A and B that are disposed behind each other along the longitudinal axis, wherein the component is driven by the roller system A and inserted into the roller system B, and is bent by a movement of the roller system B in a transverse direction to the longitudinal axis of the rod-shaped components (2). A device is also provided for the planar and spatial bending of rod-shaped components (2) having a longitudinal axis, such as pipes and profiles, including two roller systems A and B, wherein feed along the longitudinal axis can be effected via the roller system A, and the roller systems A, B are disposed in at least one first plane E1 in a displaceable manner relative to each other, wherein at least one of the roller systems A, B can be pivoted about the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A forming apparatus (20) and method are provided for forming an item (10). The item includes an end part (12), a body part (14) and a tip (16), the body part extending from the end part, the tip being located at an end of the body part remote from the end part. The invention is characterised in that the apparatus includes a tip holder (22) for holding the tip and an end die (26) for clamping the end part; a rotator (42) for inducing relative rotation between the end die and the tip holder which, in a twisting step, induces a twist in the body part in use; and a body die (32), the body die including one or more formation surfaces (34), the body die being arranged in use in a conformation step to conform one or more surfaces (50) of the twisted body part to the or each formation surface.

Abstract: A metal can blank having a shape surrounded by n external tangents, n partial arcs or partial lines, and 2n linear or arc-shaped connect lines is used to produce a metal can. Each external tangent is a line shorter than one side of a regular n-gon circumscribed about a circle, with the midpoint being a point of contact between each of the n sides of the regular n-gon and the circle. Each partial arc is a part of the circle positioned between the adjacent external tangents in the circumferential direction of the circle. Each partial line is a line connecting both ends of the partial arc. Each connect line is a line connecting one end of the external tangent with the most adjacent end of the partial arc or partial line. The material yields, productivity, etc. of such metal cans are significantly improved, and high quality metal cans can be obtained.

Abstract: A deep drawing apparatus is provided in which a sheet material is subjected to optimal heating and cooling, whereby the limiting draw ratio is increased and a product can be worked more deeply, and uniformity of the sheet thickness of the product can be controlled. This apparatus includes: a punch 2 for subjecting a sheet material 9 to deep drawing; a die 3, used along with the punch, for forming the sheet material and subject the same to deep drawing; an anti-wrinkling component 4 for preventing wrinkling around the periphery of the forming portion in the sheet material; an induction heating coil 5 for directly heating the sheet material at a portion supported by the anti-wrinkling component; a heating controller 6 for controlling the amount of heating of the sheet material by the induction heating coil; and cooling means 21 to 23 for cooling the sheet material at the portion formed by the punch.

Abstract: The present invention provides a detector for a chromatograph capable of obtaining the accurate retention time, even if there is a frequency deviation of the clock signal for determining the timing of data sampling, by conforming the progress of the detector internal time accompanied with the repetition of the sampling to that of real time. In the detector, consecutive data sampling intervals are defined to be a time adjustment period, and in one time adjustment period, each of the sampling intervals whose number is given as the interpolation value M is elongated by a predetermined number of clock counts compared to each of the other sampling intervals. If the clock signal has a positive frequency deviation, the apparatus internal time determined by the clock signal progresses faster than real time.

Abstract: A calibration card and method of manufacturing and using the card to calibrate an analytical instrument capable of reading a photoluminescent oxygen probe. The card includes at least (a) a first mass of a first solid state composition comprising an oxygen-sensitive photoluminescent dye that is the same as the probe dye, embedded within an oxygen-permeable carrier matrix that is the same as the probe carrier matrix, wherein the first composition has a first sensitivity to oxygen, and, (b) a second mass of a second solid state composition comprising an oxygen-sensitive photoluminescent dye that is the same as the dye in the first mass, embedded within a carrier matrix that is different from the carrier matrix in the first mass, wherein the second composition has a known second sensitivity to oxygen that is less than the first sensitivity to oxygen.

Abstract: A method is provided for checking a knocking device which is intended for cleaning the surface of a heat exchanger element arranged on the inside of a boiler housing of a garbage incineration plant and which has a knocking ram guided through the wall of the boiler housing and movable in the direction toward the inside of the boiler. The heat exchanger element is deflected out of its position of rest into a deflection position by means of the knocking ram, and the force required for deflecting the heat exchanger element and/or the attenuation behavior of the heat exchanger element released after deflection are/is determined.

Abstract: A prover mounted upon a supporting lower framework includes a piston supporting rod extending longitudinally through a cylinder, which cylinder receives and discharges a fluid to measure the flow rate of the fluid by translation of the piston from the fluid receiving end to the fluid discharging end. Motive means supported on a frame mounted on the lower framework draws the rod toward the fluid receiving end of the cylinder. Upon such movement of the rod, a poppet valve formed as part of the piston opens to permit fluid flow through the piston. A clutch serving as part of the motive means permits travel of the piston from the fluid receiving end to the fluid discharging end of the cylinder and serve the flow rate measuring function of the prover. An upper framework is attached to the lower framework through a plurality of stanchions. Various I-beams formed as part of the upper framework enhance rigidity to the combination of lower framework and upper framework.

Abstract: A wide-band, single-axis or multiple-axis accelerometer or acceleration-measuring sensor, self-recognising its calibration is described, comprising at least one accelerometric detecting unit, such group being composed of at least two accelerometric transducers adapted to read, in a parallel way, different frequency bands, at least one electronic circuit for conditioning and digitising signals coming from the accelerometric detecting unit and at least one microprocessor adapted to read the signals through the conditioning and digitising electronic circuit and to recombine them for every measuring axis into at least one global output signal.

Abstract: Methods and systems for analyzing samples, such as gas samples, are described. One method comprises providing a gas sample, increasing pressure applied to the gas sample to compress the sample to a smaller volume and provide a pneumatically focused gas sample, and analyzing the pneumatically focused gas sample using any of a variety of analytical techniques. Also disclosed are systems for gas analysis, including systems for analysis of pneumatically focused, and thereby concentrated, gas samples and for analysis of particulate matter in gas samples. Analytical systems constructed within personal computer cases also are disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for detecting degradation of an engine oil, by separation into a polar component and a non-polar component via admixture with a polar solvent having a polarity index greater than or equal to 5 and optionally a non-polar solvent having a polarity index of less than or equal to about 1. The polar component is analyzed for one or more degradation indicators selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, acid content, and combinations thereof. Such degradation indicators relate to a degree of engine oil degradation. The polar component may be analyzed by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) for the one or more degradation indicators, which can provide a semi-quantitative level of such degradation indicator species. The non-polar component identifies combustion products that help to explain the level of degradation.

Abstract: A column 1 is formed which includes a first column 10 in which an upper layer 14 made of sulfuric acid silica gel and a lower layer 15 made of silver nitrate silica gel are stacked and packed and a second column 20 packed with an alumina layer 23 and connected detachably to the lower end part of the first column 10. An oily liquid containing polychlorinated biphenyls, such as an electric insulating oil, is added to the upper layer 14 and then kept for a predetermined time in a state heated to at least 35° C. An aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent such as n-hexane is supplied to the upper layer 14 having been cooled to ordinary temperature. As a result, polychlorinated biphenyls captured by the first column 10 are dissolved in the aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent and then flows to the second column 20. The polychlorinated biphenyls are captured by that part of the alumina layer 23 which is located near the inlet of the second column 20. The second column 20 is then detached from the first column 10.

Abstract: A physical gas sensor of thermal type capable of determining the concentrations of a gas mixture even in the presence of humidity by measuring the thermal diffusivity and conductivity includes a cell with thermal conductivity whose frequency response to the gases is known, in particular in respect of humidity, delivering a signal Vm representative of the concentration of the gas. This cell is excited by a pulsed signal so that a processing can be carried out at different analysis frequencies: at low frequency and at higher frequency. The output signals from the two processing chains are combined in the circuit (60) so as to provide the levels of concentration of the gas and the concentration of the water vapour. The signals obtained may also be re-combined together with components of the signal Vm of various passbands.

Abstract: An air sampler includes an inertial impactor with a compressible porous collector that receives particles greater than a lower threshold size from an air sample. Before reaching the collector, the air sample may pass through a sorter that prevents that removes particles above an upper threshold size. A mechanism transfers the compressible porous collector and base between the air sampler and a wash position outside of the air sampler. An agitator at the wash position may agitate the compressible porous collector to remove particles therefrom. The compressor may be wetted with various substances to facilitate particle collection from the air, preservation of particles on the collector, and removal of particles from the collector.

Abstract: A method of inspecting containers for contamination in a container filling plant, and an arrangement therefor. The abstract of the disclosure is submitted herewith as required by 37 C.F.R. §1.72(b). As stated in 37 C.F.R. §1.72(b): A brief abstract of the technical disclosure in the specification must commence on a separate sheet, preferably following the claims, under the heading “Abstract of the Disclosure.” The purpose of the abstract is to enable the Patent and Trademark Office and the public generally to determine quickly from a cursory inspection the nature and gist of the technical disclosure. The abstract shall not be used for interpreting the scope of the claims. Therefore, any statements made relating to the abstract are not intended to limit the claims in any manner and should not be interpreted as limiting the claims in any manner.

Abstract: A method to measure the concentration of a constituent element in a gas sample contained in an analyzer. A sample cell of a detector has an inlet and an outlet. The outlet of the sample cell is sealed. A predetermined mass of a gas sample is received through the inlet into the sample cell over a predetermined pressurization period until substantially the entire mass of the gas sample contained in the analyzer is contained within the sample cell. The gas sample is pressurized to a predetermined pressure over the pressurization period. A concentration of a constituent element in the pressurized gas sample is determined.

Abstract: A system comprising an amplifier for amplifying signals of frequencies less than one kilohertz generated by a vibration sensor and using the amplified signal to amplitude modulate a carrier signal at a frequency in excess of one kilohertz and applying the amplitude modulated carrier signal to a sensor interface circuit.

Abstract: A gas gauge has a gas delivery tube arranged to determine a distance to an object. The gas delivery tube includes a gas conduit through which a suitable measurement gas is supplied. The measurement gas leaves the gas delivery tube under pressure via an outlet and impinges on the object in an interaction area, wherein a pressure of a recoiled gas is measured by a pressure detector. A gas having a low atomic number may be used. The pressure sensor may include a membrane positioned in the gas delivery tube at least partially enveloping the gas conduit at or near the gas outlet. The pressure sensor may include a membrane disk arranged about the gas conduit. The pressure sensor may include a suitable plurality of pressure elements arranged in a substantially common plane and which may be spaced apart yet enveloping the gas conduit.