Abstract: The invention relates to scanning magnetic microscope which has a photoluminescent nanoprobe implanted in the tip apex of an atomic force microscope (AFM), a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) or a near-field scanning optical microscope (NSOM) and exhibits optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) in the vicinity of unpaired electron spins or nuclear magnetic moments in the sample material. The described spin microscope has demonstrated nanoscale lateral resolution and single spin sensitivity for the AFM and STM embodiments.

Abstract: Method of detecting a misfire in an internal combustion engine provided with at least two cylinders and a crankshaft, includes: a. producing a measurement signal linked to the crankshaft travel time by supplying a succession of instantaneous values each corresponding to the difference between two successive segment times, each of these segment times corresponding to the time interval separating two characteristic instants of the movement of the pistons in two successive cylinders in the firing order, b. comparing the value of the measurement signal with a threshold value, and c. generating a signal representative of a misfire if the value of the measurement signal crosses the threshold value, the measurement signal having, for each cylinder, an average value that is offset relative to a reference average value, a step of reducing, for each cylinder, this offset, is performed by a high-pass filtering operation on the measurement signal.

Abstract: In a method for diagnosing the presence of an internal combustion engine exhaust aftertreatment component on a vehicle, the exhaust temperature is measured downstream the aftertreatment component continuously over a time period to provide a first temperature signal with fluctuating amplitude. The temperature signal is modified to provide a second modified temperature signal. The first and second temperature signals are compared to detect any significant difference between the signals.

Abstract: A torque converter may be inspected and verified using non-destructive testing methods so that the torque converter may be reused in a remanufacturing operation. The methods will permit a torque converter to be verified without needing to cut open the torque converter's housing to perform a close visual inspection. Rather, the methods make non-destructive inspection and verification possible.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a roller brake testing dynamometer (P) for vehicles whose braking forces are to be ascertained, wherein there is provided at least one roller (L) which is driven by way of a drive (A) in order in turn to drive a vehicle tire (R) bearing against the roller (L), and wherein the dynamometer (P) has at least one contact-less sensor unit (S) for detecting the position of the tire (R) relative to the at least one roller (L).

Abstract: A structure subjected to stresses that can lead to structural failure. The structure includes first and second conductive layers and an intermediate layer therebetween formed of a dielectric, semiconductive, or resistive material, such that the first, second, and intermediate layers form in combination an electrical element, namely, a capacitive or resistive element. The electrical element is located within the structure so as to be physically responsive to transitory and permanent distortions of the structure resulting from extrinsic and intrinsic sources.

Abstract: An improvement is achieved in productivity of a tire by preventing an unacceptably molded green tire, which is produced in a molding process, from flowing to a vulcanizing process. Measures therefor comprise putting an unvulcanized green tire on a mount surface of a mount stage, sticking an information label to a side wall of the green tire with a label sticking device arranged below a through-hole formed in a position, which corresponds to an inside of a bead body of the green tire, on the mount surface, and measuring a weight of the green tire with a gravimeter, which supports the mount stage.

Abstract: A method for determining a property of formations surrounding an earth borehole being drilled with a drill bit at the end of a drill string, using drilling fluid that flows downward through the drill string, exits through the drill bit, and returns toward the earth's surface in the annulus between the drill string and the periphery of the borehole, including the following steps: obtaining, downhole near the drill bit, a pre-bit sample of the mud in the drill string as it approaches the drill bit; obtaining, downhole near the drill bit, a post-bit sample of the mud in the annulus, entrained with drilled earth formation, after its egression from the drill bit; implementing pre-bit measurements on the pre-bit sample; implementing post-bit measurements on the post-bit sample; and determining a property of the formations from the post-bit measurements and the pre-bit measurements.

Abstract: A system and/or method for sensing the presence of moisture (e.g., rain) and/or other material(s) on a window such as a vehicle window (e.g., vehicle windshield or backlite). In certain example embodiments, a capacitor-based system and/or method is provided for auto-correlating sensor data to determine the existence of a material on the window, and then cross-correlating sensor data to identify the type and/or amount of that material (e.g., rain). This data may be used to actuate and/or deactivate a vehicle's wiper(s), and/or adjust wiper speed. In certain example embodiments, the sensor may include an array of at least two capacitors. In certain example embodiments, the system and/or method may perform check(s) to enhance the accuracy of the detection by comparing, for example, the sign of autocorrelation values, maximum autocorrelation values, and/or gradients of autocorrelation values.

Abstract: In a flow sensor, detecting elements are provided at a sub-passage. A sub-passage wall contains a hole to drain accumulated liquid. A protrusion arranged close to the hole on an external surface generates dynamic pressure on the opening in response to external flow. Alternatively, a protrusion upstream from the hole on the inner wall surface produces a separation flow area for separating the flow from the internal surface near the hole, whereby pressure in the separation area is reduced and almost the same pressure differences on the internal and external surfaces openings result. This reduces leakage from the hole and changes in the distribution flow in the sub-passage between cases where the hole is blocked and not blocked, thus minimizing flow measurement errors. Structure may be provided close to the external surface hole opening to prevent a liquid film or drop from being formed on the opening by surface tension.

Abstract: A flow sensor may include a heater for heating a partial region of the outer wall surface of a pipe forming a flow path or for heating a particular region in the pipe; and a temperature detector for measuring the temperatures of regions, the regions being on the upstream side and the downstream side of the pipe with respect to the heated region. The temperature detector may include an upstream-side non-contact temperature detector and a downstream-side non-contact temperature detector arranged near the outer wall surface of the pipe in a state of being not in contact with the outer wall surface, and the non-contact temperature detectors can measure the temperatures of the upstream-side heat energy radiating region and downstream-side heat energy radiating region in a state of being not in contact with the outer wall surface of the pipe.

Abstract: A mass flow sensor is supported on an N or P-type silicon substrate with orientation <100>. This mass flow sensor comprises a central thin-film heater and a pair of thin-film heat sensing elements, and a thermally isolated membrane for supporting the heater and the sensors out of contact with the substrate base. The mass flow sensor is arranged for integration on a same silicon substrate to form a one-dimensional or two-dimensional array in order to expand the dynamic measurement range.

Abstract: A waveguide transition for a fill level radar may include a printed circuit board in which a resonator is integrated. Together with a coupling element, the resonator is used for decoupling high-frequency waves from a feed line, that is also integrated in the printed circuit board, to a waveguide that is screwed onto the printed circuit board. There is thus no need to provide an external resonator.

Abstract: A sliding fluid level-detecting device which is mounted in a fuel tank of a vehicle and detects a remaining amount of a liquid fuel in the tank by sliding, on a plurality of stripes of an electrode formed at an electrode part electrically connecting with a fuel meter, a contact point provided on a slider interlocking with displacement of a float floating on a fluid surface of the liquid fuel, wherein the electrode is formed out of a glass-incorporated silver-palladium alloy where glass is mixed in an amount of 30 to 50 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of a silver-palladium alloy and the contact point is formed out of a conductive material having a Vickers hardness (Hv) of 190 to 250.

Abstract: A method and a device for detecting discontinuities in a material region having at least one probe which has a plurality of ultrasonic transducer elements and having an evaluation and control device are proposed, in which the transducer elements are disposed diagonally at an angle to the surface of the material region and are actuated via delay elements in such a manner that a defocusing sound field is beamed in. The received signals of the transducer elements are supplied to a plurality of evaluation modules for parallel and simultaneous further processing for different angle values or angle ranges, the number of evaluation modules corresponding to the different angle values or ranges.

Abstract: In a first embodiment of the present invention a method of monitoring individual vibrators in a pneumatic vibration testing system is disclosed. The method includes providing a pneumatic vibration testing system including at least one vibrator, where each vibrator is connected to a pressurized air system through an output of a valve. Pressurized air is then supplied at a known pressure to an input of the valve. When that air is supplied to the valve the valve releases air in measured bursts to the vibrator and the pressure between the valve and the vibrator is monitored. The pressure between the valve and the vibrator is compared to the known pressure, which indicates if the vibrator is failing or has failed. In preferred embodiments, the testing system includes a plurality of vibrators and an equal plurality of valves, each vibrator is connected to the pressurized air system through a single associated valve.

Abstract: A pressure measuring sensor includes a sensor carrier and a membrane carrier carrying a membrane. The sensor carrier is equipped with a connection channel in order to connect the membrane space arranged in front of the membrane with the pressure measuring space. A deviation is provided through which the gas pressure wave running from the pressure measuring space through the connection channel in the membrane space experiences a cooling.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for testing a microscale or nanoscale sample. A testing stage comprises a frame having first and second laterally opposing ends and first and second side beams. At least one deformable force sensor beam is disposed near the first opposing end and extends laterally between the first and second side beams. A first longitudinal beam, having a free end, bisects the at least one force sensor beam, and a second longitudinal beam has a free end facing the free end of the first longitudinal beam to define a gap therebetween. A support structure comprises a plurality of laterally extending beams disposed such that the second longitudinal beam bisects the plurality of laterally extending beams. Each of a pair of slots disposed at each of the free ends of the first and second longitudinal beams comprises a tapered portion leading to a generally longitudinal portion aligned with the central longitudinal beam. The slots provide a seat for a dogbone-shaped sample.

Abstract: A fatigue life estimating method for a spot welded structure is provided comprising the steps of providing a shell model of a spot welded structure for a finite element method analyzing process, calculating the nominal structural stress on a nugget as the center of the spot welded structure using a disk bending theory and a two-dimensional elastic theory of the elastodynamics with the partial loads exerted on the nugget and the deflection on the circumference of a circle, D in diameter, in which the nugget is located, which have been calculated by the finite element method analyzing process of the shell model, and estimating the fatigue life of the spot welded structure from the nominal structure stress. According to the method, the fatigue life of the spot welded structure can be estimated easily, readily, and accurately.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring at least one parameter of a fluid flowing through an internal passage of an elongated body is provided. The internal passage is disposed between a first wall and a second wall, and the first wall and the second wall each include an interior surface and an exterior surface. The method includes the steps of providing an array of at least two ultrasonic sensor units, operating the sensor units to transmit ultrasonic signals at one or more frequencies substantially coincident with at least one frequency at which the transmitted ultrasonic signals resonate within the first wall, receiving the ultrasonic signals with the sensor units, and processing the received ultrasonic signals to measure the at least one parameter of fluid flow within the internal passage.

Abstract: Acoustic flow meter with dual flow measurements. At least some of the illustrative embodiments are flow meters comprising a spool piece that defines a central passage, a first plurality of transducer pairs mechanically coupled to the spool piece, a second plurality of transducer pairs mechanically coupled to the spool piece, and meter electronics electrically coupled to the first and second plurality of transducer pairs (the meter electronics configured to determine a first value indicative of fluid flow through the central passage, the first value determined using only signals of the first plurality of transducer pairs). The meter electronics further configured to determine a second value indicative of fluid flow through the central passage, the second value determined using only signals of the second plurality of transducer pairs.

Abstract: A modular force sensor apparatus, method, and system are provided to improve force and torque sensing and feedback to the surgeon performing a telerobotic surgery. In one embodiment, a modular force sensor includes a tube portion including a plurality of strain gauges, a proximal tube portion for operably coupling to a shaft of a surgical instrument that may be operably coupled to a manipulator arm of a robotic surgical system, and a distal tube portion for proximally coupling to a wrist joint coupled to an end portion.

Abstract: A magnetostrictive torque sensor includes a shaft having a magnetostrictive film; a detection coil for detecting a change in a magnetic property of the magnetostrictive film; and a cutoff circuit for supplying an excitation signal for detecting the change in the magnetic property and inhibiting the excitation signal from being supplied to the detection coil for a predetermined interval from power on. The cutoff circuit cuts off the excitation signal I and its inverted signal to the bridge circuit.

Abstract: A magnetostrictive torque sensor for detecting a torque comprises an operating shaft, a first hollow shaft, a second hollow shaft, a first magnetostrictive film, and a second magnetostrictive film. Torque acts on the operating shaft from the outside. The first and second hollow shafts are fitted and fixed separately on the operating shaft. The first magnetostrictive film is formed on an external peripheral surface of the first hollow shaft while the second magnetostrictive film is formed on an external peripheral surface of the second hollow shaft.

Abstract: A magnetostrictive torque sensor for detecting a torque includes an operating shaft, magnetically insulating layers, and magnetostrictive films. The operating shaft is adapted to be applied with an external torque. The magnetically insulating layers are formed of a nonmagnetic material and provided on an outer peripheral surface of the operating shaft. The magnetostrictive films are provided on outer peripheral surfaces of the magnetically insulating layers.

Abstract: A load indicator for a spring loaded tensioning device. The indicator comprises an o-ring displaceable along a spring loaded tensionable shaft in a turnbuckle device. When the turnbuckle is unloaded, the indicator device is placed in a known position relative to an indicating mark. When the turnbuckle is loaded, the load causes the load indicator to be displaced a known distance for a known load on the spring loaded turnbuckle. For camper tie-downs, a displacement of about one-quarter inch is desirable for a load of about 300 pounds tension.

Abstract: A seat belt assembly includes a webbing, a resistive film attached to the webbing, and a connector. The connector further includes a first contact connected to first contact point on the resistive film and a second contact connected to a second contact point on the resistive film. The electrical resistance of the film between the first contact point and the second contact point is proportional to tension applied axially to the webbing. The first contact and the second contact are electrically connected to an electrical resistance measuring device.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a pressure sensor, in particular for detecting and measuring at least one bearing pressure applied to a support device, in which said pressure sensor comprises at least one resistive force-detector cell placed between at least two protective plates suitable for avoiding any pressure bearing at a point or along a line directly against a surface of the resistive cell and for converting such a pressure into uniform pressure over the entire area of the resistive cell. The present disclosure also relates to a support device including such a pressure sensor and to a method of measuring pressures applied to such a support device by an object to be supported such as the body of a patient.

Abstract: A cable-type load sensor comprises two conductors arranged in parallel; and an elastic cladding layer with which surroundings of two conductors are covered. Each of two conductors comprises at least one of a nickel chromium system alloy, an iron nickel system alloy, a copper nickel system alloy, and a nickel titanium system alloy.

Abstract: An on-stream sample collection and conditioning system, which is easier to construct, implement, maintain, and is more cost efficient then existing systems. The preferred embodiment of the present invention contemplates a modular system adaptable to a variety of diverse sample conditioning requirements. The system having incorporated a seamless piece having a surface for docking multiple sample conditioning components and having a system of internal passages to provide fluid flow between sample conditioning components. The preferred embodiment of the present invention also contemplates a modular system containing essentially the entire sample conditioning components required for one or more fluid streams.

Abstract: A sampling device and method for use with a conduit for fluid which has at least one sampling nozzle or sample hole. The sample collected is directed to a manifold where an analysis is conducted and flow rates are measured. The sampled fluid is returned to the conduit. The Static Pressure Control System uses a vacuum pump or other device to equalize the static pressures of the sample nozzle collection manifold and the Static Pressure of the Conduit to achieve the mass-velocity and area-weighted average fluid composition and mass flow rate.

Abstract: A portable microbial gaseous-fluid sampler includes a gaseous-fluid flow system at least partially supported by a structure. The gaseous-fluid flow system includes a gaseous-fluid intake portion having an intake port, a blower in fluid communication with the intake port, and a gaseous-fluid exhaust portion having an exhaust port. The sampler can further include an exhaust filter operable to substantially filter a totality of the gaseous fluid flowing through the sampler prior to exhausting the gaseous fluid. The sampler also can include a control system operable to control at least gaseous-fluid flow through the sampler, and a remote sampling head.

Abstract: A surface comprises a surface member and a plurality of components thereon. Such heterogenous surface compositions and configurations, related systems and methods for sensing particle or analyte interaction therewith can selectively and/or differentially interact with a range of particles/analytes, in lieu of specific molecular sensor-analyte interactions for each particle.

Abstract: A linear actuator is provided with an outer tube, an intermediate tube and an inner tube, and the tubes are all polygonal in cross section and are mounted orderly. The outer tube is disposed at the bottom thereof with a push device which has a screw and a nut that are screwed with each other. The nut is engaged in the intermediate tube and is linked to move axially by the screw. The intermediate tube can be movably equipped with a pulling member, and the pulling member can link the inner tube to synchronously move in the axial direction. By such arrangements, the linear actuator allows the respective tubes to extend and retract axially relative to one another while preventing them from moving relative to one another in radial direction, thus achieving the stable and smooth axial movement.

Abstract: An actuator including a motor, clutch, gear train, solenoid, clock spring, and air brake is provided. The motor is configured to drive a control valve. The clutch is operably coupled to the motor and configured to prevent the motor from transferring more than a predetermined amount of torque. The gear train is operably coupled to the clutch and configured to receive the predetermined amount of torque from the motor. The solenoid is operably coupled to the gear train and configured to disengage one of the gears in the gear train from adjacent gears. The clock spring is operably coupled to another of the gears in the gear train, configured to store mechanical energy supplied by the motor, and configured to drive the control valve. The air brake is operably coupled to the gear train and configured to dissipate a portion of the mechanical energy released by the clock spring.

Abstract: A transmission is provided having a dual clutch, to achieve torque flow through a countershaft gearing arrangement. The countershaft gearing arrangement includes a plurality of co-planar gear sets having gears that are selectively connectable to a first and second countershaft. A transfer gear set transfers torque from the countershaft to an output shaft. The output shaft is connected to a final drive unit that has a final drive unit output shaft that is transverse to an input member connected at one end to a torque converter and at the other end to the dual clutch.

Abstract: A hydraulic control circuit for a transmission includes a plurality of solenoids and valves in fluid communication with a plurality of actuators. The actuators are operable to actuate a plurality of torque transmitting devices. Selective activation of the solenoids allows for a pressurized fluid flow to activate at least one of the actuators in order to shift the transmission into a desired gear ratio.

Abstract: An automatic transmission assembly having a transmission unit including a plurality of gear pairs, a shift drum, a pair of clutches; and a controller. The controller performs a preliminary upshifting action in advance for angularly moving the shift drum depending on a next gear position in an upshifting direction while rotary drive power is being maintained at a given gear position, and when an upshifting command is output, the controller engages one of the clutches simultaneously with the command. When a downshifting command is output, the controller performs a preliminary downshifting action in advance based on the downshifting command. The partially neutral positions are provided between predetermined angular positions on the shift drum for temporarily reducing the angular speed of the shift drum when the shift drum is being angularly rotated.

Abstract: An anti-backlash gear includes a first gear and a second gear. The first gear preferably includes a gear plate, a plurality of snap projections and a finger hub. The plurality of snap projections and the finger hub extend from one face of the gear plate. The finger hub includes at least one substantially circular cavity. The second gear preferably includes a gear ring, a tubular projection and at least one spring finger. The tubular projection extends from one face of the gear ring. A snap bore is formed in the tubular projection. The at least one spring finger extends from an inside perimeter of the tubular projection. Each spring finger is terminated with a substantial retention cylinder for retention in the substantially circular opening. The second gear is pushed on to the first gear. The plurality of snap projections are retained on a bottom of the snap bore.

Abstract: In a concentric double axis mechanism (1); a driving bevel gear (7) is placed concentrically with and freely from any interference with an axis-A (3), a follower bevel gear (8) is meshed with the driving bevel gear (7), and an axis-B (9) is concentrically connected and fixed to the follower bevel gear (8). Since the driving bevel gear (7) is driven by the axis-B actuator (12) that is independent from the axis-A actuator (11), the axis-B (9) can be driven being free from any interference with the axis-A (3). The axis-A actuator (11) does not become a load for the axis-B actuator (12), nor does the axis-B actuator (12) become a load for the axis-A actuator (11).

Abstract: A parallel link mechanism arranged between a fixed base and a movable base includes a harmonic drive gear reducer, a first arm, a second arm, a connection base, a first auxiliary link, and a second auxiliary link. The harmonic drive gear reducer has a body, an input shaft, a first output shaft, and a second output shaft. The first arm has a proximal end pivotally connected to the fixed base and a distal end connected to the body of the reducer. The second arm has a proximal end connected to the second output shaft and a distal end pivotally connected to the movable base. The connection base is arranged outside the second arm with respect to the reducer and connected to the first output shaft. The first auxiliary link is arranged parallel with the first arm and has an end pivotally connected to the fixed base and an end pivotally connected to the connection base.

Abstract: An adjustable steering column for a motor vehicle includes a fixing device, in the opened state of which the steering column is adjustable in at least one displacement direction, and, in the closed state of which the set position of the steering column is fixed in the displacement direction or at least one of the displacement directions, for fixing the set position comprises at least one securement part which includes at least one toothing with teeth, and at least one counter-securement part, which includes at least one counter toothing, with teeth.

Abstract: Novel terminal connectors or fittings and terminal connector assemblies using such novel terminal connectors are disclosed. The terminal connector assemblies have uses which include, for example, on load- or motion-transmitting cable assemblies, e.g., for aircraft, automotive, and marine vehicle applications. Certain exemplary embodiments of the terminal connectors and terminal connector assemblies have features that, either alone or in combination, provide desirable characteristics such as, e.g., reduced lash or vibration in such cable assemblies. Such features include, but are not limited to groove(s) disposed in an arm of the fitting, tab member(s) extending from an arm of the terminal connector, projection(s) positioned on an arm of the fitting, etc.

Abstract: A steering wheel (1) has spokes (5) extending outwardly from a boss (3) to a rim (6). The rim has an inner frame (6) with an integrally moulded plastics coating (9) which has an internal cavity (11). The presence of the cavity minimises the overall weight of the steering wheel. The cavity is formed by initially injecting hot plastics material into a substantially vertical mould and subsequently blowing air into the lower part of the mould after some of the plastic adjacent the mould of walls has cooled.

Abstract: In an actuator (1) in which an angle detector (13) of a magnetic encoder for detecting the rotational position of a motor (3) is incorporated inside a wave reduction gear (5), detection signals from Hall elements (11a, 11b) of the angle detector (13) are transmitted via sensor lead wires (17) that have been brought out through wiring holes (36a, 33a, 35a, 37a) formed inside the motor (3) to a sensor signal converter board (14) disposed on the rear end side of the motor. Since the wiring is not required to be brought out to the exterior, indirectly routed along the exterior of the motor (3), and brought out to the rear side thereof, the wiring is not mechanically damaged and can be brought out with the shortest possible wiring distance, and the effect of electromagnetic noise can be reduced.

Abstract: Objects of the present invention provide a multi-use anchor and system for setting the same. One embodiment of the present invention is directed to a multi-use anchor including a bolt, an elastomeric sleeve fitting over a threaded portion of the bolt, and a receiver arranged to couple to the bolt, where tightening the receiver on the bolt compresses the elastomeric sleeve such that the sleeve radially expands to engage a hole in rigid substrate material.

Abstract: A pipe torquing sprag tool comprises one or more elastomeric sprags supported on a sprag support in an arrangement lying generally in a plane that is generally perpendicular to the axis of the rotatable sprag support. Each sprag has a solid, uninterrupted side and an interrupted side, and each sprag reacts to a lateral force in the general direction tangential to the surface of the sprag support and applied near the top of the sprag to bend the elastomeric sprag either toward the interrupted side to at least partially lean, fold or collapse, or towards the substantially uninterrupted side for being deformed to a generally compressed and non-compliant configuration for gripping. The sprag tool of the present invention may comprise a sprag support for positioning an external arrangement of sprags for being inserted into the bore of an add-on pipe segment.

Abstract: This present invention discloses a socket for wrenches, which comprises a main body having a proximal section, a distal section, and a central axis extending from proximal section to distal section. The main body has recess at inside on the proximal section with punctures on the recessed periphery and each puncture has a moving part mounted therethrough. A sleeve is in slide-fitting communication with the main body, which has an inner wall provided a plurality of push fronts thereon, each push front surface rises gradually by a plurality of continuous steps from one end to the other. When the sleeve is rotated of axially moved with respect to the main body, the gradual rising steps of the push fronts are pushing the moving parts toward the central axis to match with varieties of scales of work pieces.

Abstract: A method of cutting or trimming a plastic log ejected from a blow mold to form multiple open-mouthed bottles, the log having respective bottle portions on opposite ends of the log with each bottle portion having an offset neck and the bottle portions connected in neck-to-neck relationship by a neck ring having a central neck axis, that is especially suitable for high-output production lines. A log conveyor is continuously moved along a path. The body to be trimmed is placed between holders carried by the conveyor and trimmed by rotating the holders about the offset neck axis as the conveyor moves past a trim knife extending along the path.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are for decelerating a sheet of paper in a paper-cutting system. The sheet of paper is cut using a cutter, and the sheet is then accepted into a take-away nip. The take-away nip is operated at an initial rate in order to move the sheet of paper away from the cutter at an initial speed. The take-away nip is then operated at a rate decreasing to a final rate, in order to decelerate the sheet of paper to a final speed by the time the sheet of paper exits the take-away nip. The take-away nip is subsequently operated at the initial rate again, prior to accepting another sheet of paper at the initial speed.