Abstract: A container holder for an automotive vehicle includes a relief space configured within an exterior portion of a load-carrying automotive structure, such as a pickup truck box rail, and a generally cup-shaped insert extending within the relief space and supported by the load-carrying structure. Because the present container holder is mounted externally in the vehicle, it is readily accessible to personnel outside the vehicle's passenger compartment, such as people working on the ground around a vehicle.

Abstract: An adjustment assembly to quickly and efficiently adjust the length of a lanyard used in conjunction with aircraft umbilical connector release mechanisms. The lanyard cable includes at least two retaining mechanisms spaced apart thereon. The adjustment assembly includes a cam portion that retains one of the retaining mechanisms when in the locked position, and allows movement of the retaining mechanisms through the adjustment assembly when in the released position. The cable length can be adjusted when in the released position.

Abstract: A support tube adapted to carry a motor-vehicle accessory and to slide in a bearing tube provided with a latch element is hollow, cylindrical, centered on an axis, and formed with a plurality of outwardly open notches. These notches are each in turned formed by a flat latch face extending generally perpendicular to the axis, an outwardly open indent adjacent the latch face, a cam face extending from the latch radially outward to an outer surface of the tube, and a flat base face extending generally parallel to the axis from an inner edge of the latch face to an inner edge of the cam face.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a device for fixing a rod-like apparatus in the field of mechanics. The existing problems of the device for fixing the rod-like apparatus, such as infirm fixation and low reliability, are addressed by using the device of the invention. The fixing device of the invention includes a body having a cavity in the interior. One or more notches having recessions are provided on the body. The notches have one or more holding pawls which could be opened and closed at the ends thereof. One or more positioning mechanisms are further provided in the body which could lock the holding pawls, in particular, lock the holding pawls when the notches of the body are closed by the holding pawls. The device of the invention could provide the benefits such as firm fixation, high reliability, an orderly and aesthetic appearance and relatively high practical value.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mould electric heating and air cooling system, especially to such a system for large composite moulds, e.g. wind turbine blade moulds. Particularly, the present invention provides a mould electric heating and air cooling system used in a mould configuring the sandwich type consisting of a first mould shell incorporating a working surface in the front side thereof, a second mould shell and a core layer inserting between the back side of the first mould shell and the front side of the second mould shell, in which the system comprises electric heating means and air cooling means. With the present system, it is possible to obtain both accurate heating control and prompt cool down of the mould.

Abstract: A five-sided open top forming mold for material such as snow having peripheral walls with in-turned flanges at a bottom thereof, a mold bottom adapted to rest against the in-turned flanges, inter-engaging edge portions of the bottom and configurations on the walls retaining the bottom in place until application of a force sufficient to overcome the retention whereby the bottom can push the molded material out of the mold, and the bottom can be re-snapped into position at the bottom before another material molding.

Abstract: An optical angle of arrival measurement system uses an optical element to form at least one narrow width line on a focal plane array (FPA) which is oblique with respect to the FPA's row and column axes and which traverses at least two rows or columns along its length; forming two perpendicular narrow width lines in a cross-pattern is preferred. Interpolating the position of the lines on the FPA provides coordinates that can be used to calculate the optical angle of arrival in accordance with ?x=A(x)·tan?1(x/f), and ?y=B(y)·tan?1(y/f), where f is the focal length of the optical element, and A(x) and B(y) are parameters that account for optical distortion and other imperfections of the system. The resolution ?? of the angle of arrival measurement can be improved to at least ??˜(d/n)/f, where d is the FPA pixel width and n is the length in pixels of the imaged line.

Abstract: A solid-state image pickup apparatus includes a substrate, a wiring layer, and a waveguide. The substrate is provided with a pixel array portion constituted of a plurality of pixels each having a photoelectric converter that converts incident light into an electrical signal. The wiring layer includes a plurality of wirings and an insulating layer that covers the plurality of wirings that are laminated above the substrate. The waveguide guides light to each of the photoelectric converters of the plurality of pixels, the waveguide being formed in the wiring layer. The waveguide is formed to have a waveguide exit end from which light exits the waveguide so that a distance between the waveguide exit end and a surface of the photoelectric converter that receives light from the waveguide become shorter, as wavelengths of light guided by the waveguide are longer.

Abstract: A solid-state imaging device having unit pixels arranged therein is provided, each unit pixel including: a transfer transistor configured to transfer a charge from a photoelectric conversion part to a floating diffusion part; a first reset transistor configured to reset the floating diffusion part; a charge storage capacitor; a charging transistor configured to charge the charge storage capacitor by a current corresponding to a charge in the floating diffusion part; a second reset transistor configured to reset the charge storage capacitor; an amplifying transistor configured to output an electric signal corresponding to a charge in the charge storage capacitor; and a selection transistor configured to selectively cause the amplifying transistor to be in an operation state.

Abstract: A scanning imaging device has a spot light projecting section 101 that irradiates a first spot light for excitation and two second spot lights for focus detection onto a flow channel of a substrate 4 and an imaging section 102 for picking up an image of light emitted from a target of detection in the flow channel as it is excited by the first spot light. One of the second spot lights is reflected at the top surface of the flow channel and the other of the second spot lights is reflected at the bottom surface of the flow channel and a focus position adjustment mechanism for adjusting the focus position of each of the first and second spot lights in the depth direction of the flow channel such that the quantity of deviation of the focus positions of the first and second spot lights in the depth direction of the flow channel as determined by comparing the intensities of the one and the other of the second reflected lights reflected at the flow channel.

Abstract: Light sensor, comprising a non-translucent layer (1) having a translucent aperture (2), and a sensor array layer (3), comprising an array of op to-electrical sensor elements (3a-d), as well as a translucent solid first carrier layer (4) to which said non-translucent layer is applied at one side and said sensor array layer at the other side. A multitude of such light sensors can be manufactured by taking a first substrate (4) which is suitable as a translucent solid first carrier layer for said multitude of light sensors, applying the non-translucent layers (1) including an aperture (2) in each of them for said multitude of light sensors at one side of the first substrate and applying the sensor array layers (3) for said multitude of light sensors at the other side of the first substrate and, finally, separating the individual light sensors (7a-b). The light sensor may comprise an integrated opto-electric power supply (8, 9).

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion module includes a photoelectric conversion element that converts an arriving optical signal transmitted via an optical fiber into an electrical signal, a signal output section that outputs a photoelectrically converted electrical signal to the exterior, an impedance matching circuit provided between an output electrode of the photoelectric conversion element and the signal output section, and a substrate upon which this impedance matching circuit is mounted, with the impedance matching circuit including a plurality of metallic coating layers formed upon the surface of the substrate with gaps being left between them, and a plurality of metallic connecting lines that electrically connect together adjacent ones of these metallic coating layers.

Abstract: A solid state image pickup device includes a pixel section defined by unit pixels arrayed in line and row directions of a semiconductor substrate. Each of the unit pixels includes a photoelectric transducer that is formed on the semiconductor substrate and converts incident light into a signal charge, a waveguide that is formed above the photoelectric transducer and guides the incident light to the photoelectric transducer, and a microlens that is formed above the waveguide and guides the incident light to an end of light incident side of the waveguide. The waveguide has a columnar body with a constant cross section from the end of light incident side to an end of light exit side, and is arranged such that a center of rays of the incident light incident from the microlens on the end of light incident side of the waveguide is aligned with a central axis of the waveguide.

Abstract: A method for adjusting an operating parameter of a particle beam device and a sample holder, which is suitable in particular for performing the method are provided. An adjustment of an operating parameter of a particle beam device is possible without transfer of the sample holder out of the particle beam device. A reference sample is placed in a first sample receptacle, so that in ongoing operation of the particle beam device, the sample holder need only be positioned in such a way that the reference sample is bombarded and measured with the aid of a particle beam generated in the particle beam device.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating a property of an earth formation penetrated by a borehole, the apparatus includes: a carrier configured to be conveyed through the borehole; a neutron source disposed at the carrier and configured to irradiate the earth formation with neutrons; a neutron detector disposed at the carrier and configured to detect neutrons reflected by the earth formation to the detector; a neutron reflector disposed partially around the detector, an area of the detector not covered by the reflector being configured to admit the reflected neutrons; and a neutron absorber disposed at least around the reflector.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for providing a sample for a subsequent analysis of the sample, particularly for analyzing biomolecules, comprising the following steps: generating a free micro liquid jet in an environment having a predetermined pressure, wherein the micro liquid jet contains a carrier liquid and the sample to be analyzed, and dispersing the micro liquid jet into droplets containing the sample, wherein the environment surrounding the micro liquid jet is a gaseous environment in which the pressure is above vacuum conditions.

Abstract: A method of enhanced speciation of both positive and negatives species in an analyte is disclosed. The method can include producing a first analyte solution comprising an analyte composition and an effective amount of silver triflate, and analyzing the first analyte solution with an electrospray ionization mass spectrometer. The method can also include producing a second analyte solution comprising a portion of the analyte composition and an effective amount of a compound of formula I, and analyzing the second analyte solution with an electrospray ionization mass spectrometer. The compound of formula I is [NX+][OH?], where X is a linear, branched, or cyclic C1-C10 alkane; an aryl; a heterocyclic aromatic; or a heterocyclic moiety.

Abstract: An ion mobility spectrometer or other ion apparatus has two or three grid electrodes 51 and 52; 151 to 153; 106 and 107; 106? and 107? extending laterally of the ion flowpath. An asymmetric waveform with a dc compensating voltage is applied between the electrodes to produce a field parallel to the ion flow path that affects ions differently according to their field-dependent mobility. This filters or delays different ions selectively in their passage to an ion detector 11, 111, 111 to facilitate discrimination between ions that would otherwise produce a similar output.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for generating analyte ions from a sample. An ion generating device is provided having a chamber with an outlet and a surface having a material and means for applying a high velocity gas flow through the chamber toward the outlet such that charged particles are produced by physical interaction between the high velocity gas and the material. The charged particles then induce the generation of primary ions by interaction with molecules of the high velocity gas. The primary ions are emitted from the outlet of the ion generating device toward a sample-bearing surface and analyte ions are generated by impact of the primary ions on the analyte sample on the surface.

Abstract: A compact electron microscope is robust, simple to operate, and preferably requires no special utilities. Imaging can begin shortly after a sample is inserted. A preferred simplified design includes permanent magnets for focusing, lack a vacuum controller and vacuum gauge, and uses a backscattered electron detector and no secondary electron detector.

Abstract: A transmission electron microscope has a target body position on the electron optical axis of the microscope, and an electrically conductive body off the axis of the microscope. The microscope also has an electron source for producing an axial electron beam. In use, the beam impinges upon a target body located at the target body position. The microscope further has a system for simultaneously producing a separate off-axis electron beam. In use, the off-axis electron beam impinges on the electrically conductive body causing secondary electrons to be emitted therefrom. The electrically conductive body is located such that the emitted secondary electrons impinge on the target body to neutralise positive charge which may build up on the target body.

Abstract: There is provided a mini environment type transfer unit which can efficiently transfer a sample to a critical dimension scanning electron microscope (CD-SEM) even in the case of use of a SMIF pod which can store only one photomask. In addition to a load port, a stocker which can store a plurality of photomasks is provided in the mini environment type transfer unit. A mask storage slot in which a plurality of storage units are stacked is provided in the stocker, and one photomask is stored in each storage unit. A sensor is provided in each storage unit to determine whether or not the photomask is normally stored. Additionally, a sensor is provided in each storage unit to detect whether or not the photomask exists.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed relating to gas leak detection. The techniques can be deployed, for example, in compact, handheld portable devices usable for detecting leaks in space-confined applications. The devices generally include a non-laser light source and thermal imaging camera that allow for detection of a target gas (or gasses) that absorbs at least some of the light source's wavelengths of operation. The light source can be implemented, for example, with an incoherent infrared (IR) light source, such as a resonance lamp configured with a gas cell containing a volume of a gas that, when excited by electric discharge, emits a wavelength that is absorbed by the target gas.

Abstract: An infrared solid-state image sensor comprises: a pixel area comprising a sensitive pixel area where infrared detection pixels are arranged in a matrix form to detect incident infrared rays on the semiconductor substrate and a reference pixel area where reference pixels are provided, each of the infrared detection pixels comprising a thermoelectric conversion part, the thermoelectric conversion part comprising an infrared absorption film to absorb the incident infrared rays and convert the incident infrared rays to heat and a first thermoelectric conversion element to convert the heat obtained by the conversion in the infrared absorption film to a electric signal, each of the reference pixels comprising a second thermoelectric conversion element.

Abstract: To improve thermal insulation, a thermal infrared sensing element is carried on a sensor mount of a porous material and is spaced upwardly from a substrate by means of anchor studs projecting on the substrate. The sensor mount is formed with a pair of coplanar beams carry thereon leads extending from the sensing element. The leads and the beams are secured to the upper ends of the anchor studs to hold the sensing element at a predetermined height above the substrate. The beams and the leads are combined with each other by intermolecular adhesion such that the sensing element as well as the sensor mount can be altogether supported to the anchor studs.

Abstract: This invention relates to a photoconductive antenna element having a structure capable of preventing element characteristics from deteriorating and attain a smaller size at the same time. This photoconductive antenna element (17) comprises a pair of electrodes (21) formed on a semiconductor layer (19). Each electrode (21) is constituted by an antenna part (22), pad parts (23), and a line part (24) connecting them, while the line part (24) includes a parallel portion (24a) extending from the antenna part (22). In the line part (24) of one electrode (21), a portion other than the antenna region (A) is bent opposite to the other electrode (21). In the line part (24) of the other electrode (21), a portion other than the antenna region (A) is bent opposite to the one electrode (21). This structure can prevent the photoconductive antenna element (17) from deteriorating its element characteristics and make it smaller.

Abstract: Counterfeit electronic devices are detected by comparing a thermal profile of the counterfeit device and an authentic device under predetermined operating conditions. A thermal profile for an authentic electronic device is recorded executing an instruction set over time, such as with static infrared images at predetermined times, video infrared images over a predetermined time period or temperature measurements made at predetermined locations of the electronic device. In one embodiment, a thermal profile indicates that a processor device has been used in the place of a field programmable grid array device. In an alternative embodiment, an electromagnetic profile is detected instead of or in addition to the thermal profile. The electromagnetic profile of an authentic device is used to create an expected profile for comparison with an electromagnetic profile of electronic devices under test.

Abstract: A method of detecting a gap between a valve seat insert and a port in a cylinder head may include heating the valve seat insert and the cylinder head and generating a thermal image of the valve seat insert and the cylinder head at an interface between the valve seat insert and corresponding port in the cylinder head housing the valve seat insert. The thermal image may be evaluated to determine the magnitude of a gap between the valve seat insert and the cylinder head based on a temperature at the interface between the valve seat insert and the cylinder head.

Abstract: An optical ranging sensor includes an infrared LED encapsulated in a first light-permeable resin section, a light receiving device encapsulated in a second light-permeable resin section, a light-shielding resin member in contact with the first and second resin sections, a drive circuit section for driving the LED, a light receiving device control section for controlling the light receiving device, and a control section for the drive circuit section and light receiving device control section. Under control of the control section, a driving time of the LED coincides with an exposure time of the light receiving device. Further, while the LED is not driven, the light receiving device is also exposed for a time identical to the exposure time. An output difference between outputs at the exposure with driving the LED and at the exposure without driving the LED is calculated, and ranging is performed based on the output difference.

Abstract: A measuring device with a two-wire supply for radiometric filling level measuring or density measuring of a feed material with a processor which is designed to change from an active mode to a power-saving mode.

Abstract: A polycrystalline scintillator composition is provided. The polycrystalline scintillator composition is capable of being sintered to form a body having a pulse height resolution that is less than about 20 percent at 662 kilo electron volts. Also, an article formed form the polycrystalline scintillator composition is provided, as well as a radiation detector including the article.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for positron emission tomography and to a PET scanner. The positron emission tomography method employs the following steps: a) two photons are emitted in opposite directions by an annihilation event in the sample, b) at least two of a plurality of detectors arranged around the sample are prompted to output a signal by the two photons, c) a signal line on which the event may have taken place is determined from the location of the detectors which have output a signal, d) this signal line is evaluated in the tomographic reconstruction of the sample, wherein for each event a plurality of signal lines are determined and evaluated in the tomographic reconstruction of the sample. As described at the outset, the reconstructed image thus becomes more accurate and noise is reduced. The method and the apparatus can improve the signal-to-noise ratio of images.

Abstract: A radiation detector includes a neutron sensing element having a neutron scintillating material at least partially surrounded by an optical waveguide material; and a photosensing element optically coupled to the neutron sensing element. The photons emitted from the neutron sensing element are collected and channeled through the optical waveguide material and into the photosensing element.

Abstract: The present invention is a photodiode and/or photodiode array, having a p+ diffused area that is smaller than the area of a mounted scintillator crystal, designed and manufactured with improved device characteristics, and more particularly, has relatively low dark current, low capacitance and improved signal-to-noise ratio characteristics. More specifically, the present invention is a photodiode and/or photodiode array that includes a metal shield for reflecting light back into a scintillator crystal, thus allowing for a relatively small p+ diffused area.

Abstract: A scintillator for an imaging device includes a plate made of a material capable of emitting photons according to an incident radiation. The scintillator further includes at least one block of a second material capable of emitting photons according to the incident radiation. The plate and the block are assembled via the edge of the plate by connecting means that absorbs all or some of the photons emitted by the plate and the block. A scintillator module and an imaging device with such a scintillator, and a method of manufacturing a scintillator are also disclosed.

Abstract: A digital detector of a digital imaging system is provided. In one embodiment, a digital detector includes a detector array disposed in a housing and configured to generate image data based on received radiation. The digital detector may also include a battery configured to be disposed within a receptacle of the housing and to supply operating power to the detector array. In one embodiment, the receptacle and the housing may be configured such that the receptacle is externally accessible to enable a user to selectively insert and remove the battery from the receptacle. Additional systems, methods, and devices are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a radiation detector that can suppress a deterioration of image quality of a radiation image while suppressing the size of the radiation detector. Namely, a conductive layer configured by a conductive member is disposed at a portion that corresponds to at least the back side of the peripheral edge portion of a bias electrode, on the surface of an insulating substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an inertial slider (10) and a method for safely and controllably approach an object (2) towards a fixed object (3) for instance inside a transmission electron microscope (101). The inertial slider is controlled with a control signal (201) with a timing characteristic faster than a mechanical resonance of the object to be moved. The inertial slider moves in a first step away from the fixed object and the movable object is moved relative the inertial slider in that first step.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composite structure of a sample carrier 20 and a sample holder 30 for use in a TEM, for example. The sample carrier is hereby separately embodied from the sample holder. Although such compositions are already known, the known compositions are very fragile constructions. The sample carrier according to the invention can be formed from a strip of metal, and is a simple and cheap element. Using resilient force, it clamps onto or into the sample holder. The portion of the sample holder to which the sample carrier couples also has a simple form. The sample carrier can couple to the sample holder in vacuum using a coupling tool.

Abstract: An integrated device for detecting emissions from a sample (70) involves forming an array of photo detectors (20) for detecting the emissions and forming an array of sites for receiving the sample such that edges of the sites are defined by edges of the photo detectors. A side wall of a site using a diode can provide a side wall suitable for ink-jet printing samples such as biomolecules with no extra mask steps. This helps enable the sample and the photo detector to be mutually aligned more easily or more cost effectively than conventional devices where the site for receiving the sample is formed separately from the photo detector. The detection can be in any direction, such as lateral or vertical detection. Lateral optical detection with a shielded photodiode means only light emanating from one pixel/spot is detected. A light source (200) to stimulate emissions can be integrated.

Abstract: There is provided a lighting system having a high spatial resolution appropriate to a high-frequency component by evanescent waves in a negative refraction lens. The lighting system includes a light emitter thin film (106) which includes a light emitting material which emits light when an energy is applied, a cathode (101) for applying an electron beam (102) which is the energy, to the light emitter thin film (106), and a negative refraction lens (110) which is formed of a material exhibiting negative refraction, and has an optical system for projecting light emitted from the light emitter thin film (106), on an object.

Abstract: A method for characterizing samples having units, by monitoring fluctuating intensities of radiation emitted, scattered and/or reflected by said units in at least one measurement volume, the monitoring being performed by at least one detection means, said method comprising the steps of: a) measuring in a repetitive mode a number of photon counts per time interval of defined length, b) determining a function of the number of photon counts per said time interval, c) determining a function of specific brightness of said units on basis of said function or the number of photon counts.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide improved microfluidic devices and related apparatus, systems, and methods. Methods are provided for reducing mixing times during use of microfluidic devices. Microfluidic devices and related methods of manufacturing are provided with increased manufacturing yield rates. Improved apparatus and related systems are provided for supplying controlled pressure to microfluidic devices. Methods and related microfluidic devices are provided for reducing dehydration of microfluidic devices during use. Microfluidic devices and related methods are provided with improved sample to reagent mixture ratio control. Microfluidic devices and systems are provided with improved resistance to compression fixture pressure induced failures. Methods and systems for conducting temperature controlled reactions using microfluidic devices are provided that reduce condensation levels within the microfluidic device.

Abstract: A measurement system for use with fluorescent chemosensors has multiple stimulus light sources each coupled to at least one sensor. Multiple sensors each receiving light from a different light source connect to each of one or more photodetectors. A processing device drives the light sources in a time-division multiplexed manner, and reads the photodetector at an appropriate time for each sensor. The processing device calibrates the sensor readings and provides them in a way that is identified to the associated sensor.

Abstract: A security device for authenticating bank notes, documents and other items, comprises a luminescent material for producing luminescent radiation of first and second wavelengths. The security device includes an optically variable structure for controlling emission of luminescent radiation of at least one of the first and second wavelengths from the security device, the security device being arranged to permit, from an area of the optically variable structure, emission of luminescence of the first and second wavelengths from the security device. The optically variable structure causes the relative emissivity of the security device for luminescent radiation of the first and second wavelengths to change with a change in emission angle, so that the security device produces an angle-dependent colour shift in the emitted luminescent radiation.

Abstract: Surface roughness having intervals of several tens of nanometers to about a hundred micrometers in a solid surface is reduced by directing a gas cluster ion beam to the surface. An angle formed between the normal to the solid surface and the gas cluster ion beam is referred to as an irradiation angle, and an irradiation angle at which the distance of interaction between the solid and the cluster colliding with the solid dramatically increases is referred to as a critical angle. A solid surface smoothing method includes an irradiation step of directing the gas cluster ion beam onto the solid surface at an irradiation angle not smaller than the critical angle. The critical angle is 70°.

Abstract: Among other things, an accelerator is mounted on a gantry to enable the accelerator to move through a range of positions around a patient on a patient support. The accelerator is configured to produce a proton or ion beam having an energy level sufficient to reach any arbitrary target in the patient from positions within the range. The proton or ion beam passes essentially directly from the accelerator to the patient. In some examples, the synchrocyclotron has a superconducting electromagnetic structure that generates a field strength of at least 6 Tesla, produces a beam of particles having an energy level of at least 150 MeV, has a volume no larger than 4.5 cubic meters, and has a weight less than 30 Tons.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes an electron beam emitter, a roller for a web, circumferential radiation shielding, a reaction chamber, movement between open and closes positions, a depositor, baffles, inert gas dispenser, and other features. One example in the present disclosure is a web carrying roller for electron beam irradiation of the web on one side of that roller within a baffle-containing shielded area, while another side of that roller is outside of the shielded area, and near the two ends of the roller are arcuate tongue and groove barriers to x-radiation leakage from the shielded area. The baffle-containing shielded area has a series of voids separated by walls, rather than having the shielded area positioned close to the circumference of the cylinder along its length.

Abstract: A radioactive substance storage container 1 includes a trunk body 2, a neutron shielding container 3, and a neutron shielding body 8. The trunk body 2 is a bottomed container including a trunk 2A, a bottom 2B provided at one end of the trunk 2A, and an opening 2H opened to the side opposite from the bottom 2B, and storing therein recycled fuel, and is, for example, manufactured by casting. The neutron shielding container 3 includes a cylindrical inner tube 4 attached to the trunk body 2 by being fitted thereto, a cylindrical outer casing 5 disposed outside the inner tube 4, and heat transfer fins 7 that connect the inner tube 4 and the outer casing 5. The neutron shielding body 8 is disposed in a space surrounded by the inner tube 4, the heat transfer fins 7 and 7 adjacent to each other, and the outer casing 5.

Abstract: A medical gantry that focus the beam from the beginning of the gantry to the exit of the gantry independent of the rotation angle of the gantry by keeping the beam achromatic and uncoupled, thus, avoiding the use of collimators or rotators, or additional equipment to control the beam divergence, which may cause beam intensity loss or additional time in irradiation of the patient, or disadvantageously increase the overall gantry size inapplicable for the use in the medical treatment facility.