Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for the treatment of substrates, in particular for the coating of plastic containers on a rotary installation. A plurality of treatment devices are arranged on the rotor and pass through a plurality of process phases as a function of their angle position on the rotor. For at least one process phase, the angle position can be set variably as a function of the current rotational speed of the rotor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for controlling a vehicle washing installation with the use of a light-section procedure, wherein at least one treatment device (1) and a vehicle (2) to be washed are moved relative to each other in the washing direction (L), the vehicle surfaces are illuminated by two light fans (11, 12) starting from different positions, a first (FIG. 7) and a second (FIG. 8) two-dimensional depiction of the vehicle surfaces illuminated by the light fans (11, 12) are recorded from shooting angles which are oblique with respect to the planes of the light fans, and are stored in a control unit (20) together with the relative position and/or relative movement of treatment devices (1) and vehicle (2), the preceding steps are repeated during a traversing operation from one end to the other end of the vehicle (2), and, during or after the end of the traversing operation, a three-dimensional representation of the vehicle surfaces is calculated from the two-dimensional depictions (FIG. 7, FIG.

Abstract: A method of controlling a dish washing machine capable of automatically washing items to be washed is disclosed. The method includes performing a steam spraying action defined to spray stream on a plurality of racks containing items to be washed, initiating a first water spraying action defined to spray on at least one first rack which is exposed firstly to the stream, and initiating a second water spraying action defined to spray water on at least one second rack, different from the first rack, wherein spraying water on the first rack begins prior to spraying water on the second rack.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hard surface cleaning composition comprising a copolymer, wherein said copolymer comprises a zwitterionic unit A or a mixture thereof and another unit B or a mixture thereof, wherein said unit A comprises a betaine group or a mixture thereof and wherein said betaine group of said unit A is a sulphobetaine group or a mixture thereof, and wherein said unit B is derived from vinyl-pyrrolidone.

Abstract: A hydrolasing system for use in storage tanks includes a remotely-operated water lance having an elongated main body and an axle assembly that folds parallel to the main body so that it can be deployed and retrieved through a small-diameter riser of storage tank. After deployment, the system can be remotely operated within the tank to remove hardened salt cake.

Abstract: A flux for use in a hot dip galvanization process has an acidic component so that the flux has a pH of about 1.5 or less. The flux also includes an alkali metal chloride and a nonionic surfactant containing polyoxyethylenated straight-chain alcohols with a hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) of less than 11. Depending on the particular application, the flux also includes other components, such as ferric chloride, an inhibitor containing an amino derivative and bismuth oxide.

Abstract: A method for producing a carburized part by carburizing a steel member under a vacuum in a decompression furnace while feeding carburizing gas comprises a step for forming an oxide film on at least a part of a surface of the steel member, a step for generating carbon by reducing the oxide film with the carburizing gas, and a step for carburizing the surface of the steel member under a vacuum by diffusing the carbon.

Abstract: This invention comprises an acidic aqueous solution for treating metal substrates to improve the adhesion bonding and corrosion protection of the metal surface which comprises effective amounts of water soluble trivalent chromium compounds, fluorozirconates, effective amounts of at least one corrosion inhibitors such as benzotriazole, fluorometallic compounds, zinc compounds, thickeners, surfactants, and at least about 0.001 mole per liter of the acidic solution of a polyhydroxy and/or carboxylic compound as a stabilizing agent for the aqueous solution.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to efficiently suppress radionuclide deposition on a reactor component of nuclear power plant. Radionuclide deposition on the surface of a metallic reactor component of nuclear power plant is suppressed by forming a ferrite film on the component, wherein the film is formed, after decontamination for removing radionuclides contaminants from the component surface is completed and before the plant is started up, by contacting a treatment solution which mixes a first agent containing the iron (II) ions, a second agent for oxidizing the iron (II) ions into the iron (III) ions and a third agent for adjusting pH level of a solution to 5.5 to 9.0 in this order with the reactor component surface.

Abstract: Articles made of shape memory alloys having improved fatigue performance and to methods of treating articles formed from shape memory alloy materials by pre-straining the articles (or desired portions of the articles) in a controlled manner so that the resultant articles exhibit improved fatigue performance. The shape memory articles are preferably medical devices, more preferably implantable medical devices. They are most preferably devices of nitinol shape memory alloy, most particularly that is superelastic at normal body temperature. The pre-straining method of the present invention as performed on such articles includes the controlled introduction of non-recoverable tensile strains greater than about 0.20% at the surface of a desired portion of a shape memory alloy article. Controlled pre-straining operations are performed on the shape-set nitinol metal to achieve non-recoverable tensile strain greater than about 0.20% at or near the surface of selected regions in the nitinol metal article.

Abstract: Aluminum alloy strips less than 0.3 mm thick for making heat exchangers, containing, in wt. %: Si<1.0, Fe<1.0, Cu<0.8, Mg<1.0, Mn?1.8, Zn<2.0, In<0.2, Sn<0.2, Bi<0.2, Ti<0.2, Cr<0.25, Zr<0.25, Si+Fe+Mn+Mg>0.8, other elements <0.05, each and <0.15 in total. The strips have between the surface and half the thickness a difference of corrosion potential, measured relative to a saturated calomel electrode in accordance with the ASTM G69 standard, of at least 10 mV. The invention also concerns a method for making such strips by continuous casting in conditions promoting formation of segregations in the strip core, optionally hot rolling, cold rolling optionally with one or several intermediate or final annealing(s) of 1 to 20 hours at a temperature between 200 and 450° C. The fins or separators made from the inventive strips have enhanced resistance to perforating corrosion.

Abstract: High strength heat treatable aluminum alloys that can be used at temperatures from about ?420° F. (?251° C.) up to about 650° F. (343° C.) are described. The alloys are strengthened by dispersion of particles based on the L12 intermetallic compound Al3X. These alloys comprise aluminum, copper, magnesium, at least one of scandium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium; and at least one of gadolinium, yttrium, zirconium, titanium, hafnium, and niobium.

Abstract: A method for repairing a nickel-base superalloy article, such as a gas turbine stationary flowpath shroud having flowpath cooling holes therein that has previously been in service, includes the steps of providing the nickel-base superalloy article that has previously been in service; and applying a restoration to a surface of the article. The restoration is applied by the steps of providing a restoration nickel-base alloy, wherein the restoration nickel-base alloy preferably has no more than about 15 weight percent chromium and no more than about 0.01 percent yttrium, thereafter applying a restoration coating of the restoration nickel-base alloy to the surface of the article by a hyper-velocity oxyfuel metal spray process or a low-pressure plasma spray process, and thereafter heating the article with the restoration coating applied to the surface thereof to a sufficiently high temperature to diffusion bond the restoration coating to the surface of the article. The article is then returned to service.

Abstract: A highly heat-resistant gas generating agent is provided. The gas generating agent is for a gas generator for an airbag system that is installed at least outside a vehicle cabin and that protects an individual subjected to impact by the vehicle, and has a mass loss rate of not more than 1% after holding for 400 hours at 130° C. in a sealed system. The gas generating agent preferably comprises fuel and oxidizing agent and the melting point of the fuel is preferably at least 250° C.

Abstract: An inspection method for inspecting beads provided on a tire building drum in process of production a pneumatic tire includes measuring a displacement amount in a radial direction on each of the beads lying axially on both sides of the drum with a distance sensor such as an eddy current sensor while rotating the drum, synthesizing displacement amounts so obtained on the beads on both the sides, calculating a harmonic of the displacement amounts in the radial direction of the beads by performing harmonic analysis on a resultant synthesized displacement amount, and determining whether the magnitude of the harmonic so calculated falls within a predetermined range.

Abstract: A method of cutting an elastomeric strip of material is described. The method includes the step of advancing a strip of material 2 a predetermined distance by a conveyor means 30. Resisting reverse movement of the strip 2; tensioning the strip 2; and cutting simultaneously across the entire width of the strip 2 through the thickness of the strip 2 on a skive angle of 45 degrees or less preferably about 28 degrees to form a cut length of material thereby relaxing the tension in the strip as the skive cut ends 3 and 4 move apart.

Abstract: The invention resides in enabling high-mix low-volume production by a compact apparatus for a rubber sheet reinforced with a cord of a belt material for a tire, a body-ply material, etc. variously changing a cord material, cord arrangement angle, width of sheet, etc. and relates to manufacturing apparatus and method for a rubber sheet reinforced with a cord according to wrapping around a rubber coated cord group continuously on a surface of a pair of a cylindrical rotating body rotating in the same direction or on a surface of a cylindrical rotating body disposed small diameter roller groups of plural number on a side surface of a cylinder.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an apparatus is provided for preparing a cassette spool. The apparatus includes: a supply reel for supplying and unrolling tape material on original backing paper; at least one cutting member for cutting unrolled tape material while on original backing paper; a cutting surface defined in a plane; a pivoting path member adapted to move from a first position aligned in the plane to a second position aligned at least partially out of the plane; at least one removing member for removing uncut unrolled tape material from original backing paper; and a cassette spool for rolling up unrolled cut tape material on original backing paper. In further embodiments, methods are provided for preparing a cassette spool with cut tape material on original backing paper.

Abstract: A method for recovery of polymer, comprising contacting a polarizing plate comprising a polarizing element and first and second polymer films on its both surfaces, with at least an aqueous liquid, and then applying shear force to the polarizing plate to thereby separate the polarizing element and at least the first polymer film, is disclosed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for applying tabs to a traveling web of material at a transfer position when the tabs are provided to the transfer position in a path that is skew to the web travel path. A tab supply assembly carries the tabs in a tab path that is either perpendicularly skew or obliquely skew to the travel path of the web. The web is generally spaced from the tab supply assembly. A plurality of bump transfer surfaces is adapted to urge the web towards the tab supply assembly, thereby contacting a tab.

Abstract: A web (36) of paper or the like has labels (42) defined therein by printing the web (36) followed by skip cutting (40) the web to define the label boundaries. The skip cutting (40) leaves the labels (42) connected to the remainder of the web (36) by breakable catch points (44). The labels (42) are rendered capable of being applied to product containers (16) by the web (36) having adhesive applied to the side opposite the printing, and the web (36) is rendered capable of being wound up by having an adhesive release coating, such as silicone, applied over the printing.

Abstract: The bonding of polymeric panels with thermosetting adhesive compositions may lead to an unsightly image of the adhesive bond line on an external surface of the joined articles. This bond-line read-out is reduced or eliminated using an adhesive material with filler particles characterized by nanometer size clay platelets when the content of the filler particles does not exceed about five percent by volume of the uncured adhesive. Selective placement of the adhesive extending to the edges of the bonding surfaces of the polymeric members also reduces bond-line read-out.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of bonding at least two surfaces together. The methods step of the present invention include applying a strip of adhesive to a first surface along a predefined outer boundary of a bond area and thereby defining a remaining open area there within. A second surface, or gusset plate, is affixed onto the adhesive before the adhesive cures. The strip of adhesive is allowed to cure and then a second amount of adhesive is applied to cover the remaining open area and substantially fill a void between said first and second surfaces about said bond area. A stencil may be used to precisely apply the strip of adhesive. When the strip cures, it acts as a dam to prevent overflow of the subsequent application of adhesive to undesired areas. The method results in a precise bond area free of undesired shapes and of a preferred profile which eliminate the drawbacks of the prior art bonds.

Abstract: The invention can be defined in its most general form as a technology for production of corrugated structures from foliated composite materials and can be used for production of sandwich panels used in aircraft construction, shipbuilding, and in building units.

Abstract: A metal-clad laminate excellent in isotropy, appearance, bondability between a TLC polymer film and a metallic sheet, and dimensional stability is provided less costly with a first step of thermally compressing the film with the metallic sheet by passing them through a nipping region between heating rolls, and a second step of heat-treating the resultant metal-clad laminate at a temperature not higher than the melting point of the film, wherein the film has thermal expansion coefficient ?L satisfying ?L=?T+? with thickness T, thickness coefficient ? and anisotropy coefficient ? of the film; wherein the coefficient ? is within the range of ?0.08 to ?0.01; the coefficient ? is within the range of ?M+6????M+10 with thermal expansion coefficient ?M of the metallic sheet; and thermal expansion coefficient ?T of the film is within ?M?2??T??M+3 with the coefficient ?M.

Abstract: Bare aluminum baffles are adapted for resist stripping chambers and include an outer aluminum oxide layer, which can be a native aluminum oxide layer or a layer formed by chemically treating a new or used bare aluminum baffle to form a thin outer aluminum oxide layer.

Abstract: A complex waveform frequency matching device is disclosed. In various embodiments, the matching device comprises a plurality of radio frequency generators coupled in parallel with one another. Each subsequent one of the plurality of radio frequency generators is configured to produce a harmonic frequency related by an integral multiple to a frequency produced by any lower-frequency producing radio frequency generator, thereby generating a complex waveform. A plurality of frequency splitter circuits is coupled to an output of the plurality of radio frequency generators, and each of a plurality of matching networks has an input coupled to an output of one of the plurality of frequency splitter circuits and an output configured to be coupled to a plasma chamber.

Abstract: An RF coil assembly provides a source to generate a plasma inductively in a process chamber. The RF coil assembly includes an RF coil disposed about a perimeter of the processing chamber and a frame disposed about a perimeter of the processing chamber. The frame is adapted to support the RF coil in position. An interface material is disposed between and in thermal contact with the frame and a sidewall of the processing chamber. The interface material has a thermal conductivity of 4.0 W/mK or greater.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus comprises a spin chuck holding and rotating a substrate and an atmosphere blocking member, corresponding in planar shape and size to the substrate, arranged oppositely and proximately to the upper surface of the substrate and formed with a processing solution discharge port and a gas discharge port discharging a processing solution and gas to the central portion of the upper surface of the substrate respectively. The atmosphere blocking member is formed with an outer gas discharge port outside the gas discharge port in plan view for discharging the gas to the upper surface of the substrate. The outer gas discharge port is so formed on the atmosphere blocking member that an arrival position of the gas discharged from the outer gas discharge port is closer to the center of the upper surface of the substrate held by a spin base than an intermediate portion between the center and the outer peripheral edge of the upper surface.

Abstract: A multilayer gypsum board forming device, and a gypsum additive delivery system in which additives are delivered to one or more layers of a multi layered gypsum board panels, including engineered polymers, includes at least one additive assembly connected in-line with a first gypsum delivery receptacle for providing an additive fluid feed into the stream of a first gypsum slurry being transported through said first gypsum delivery receptacle for homogenously adding an additive to the first gypsum slurry, and a second gypsum delivery receptacle transporting a second gypsum slurry, in fluid communication with the mixer providing the first gypsum slurry, having a different set of characteristics from those of the first gypsum slurry. At least one outer surface including a polymeric compound or wax emulsion additive entrained therein essentially encases the core gypsum within two facing layers.

Abstract: The invention comprises a method and a system in a paper machine, and also a software product, allowing one or more tools to be generated for indicating the state of the paper production process in terms of energy consumption to the operating staff of the paper machine. This allows continual monitoring of the state of the paper production process and/or its energy efficiency combined with efforts to develop the manners of running the paper machine and its dryer section in a more favourable direction. In one embodiment of the invention, the dry solids content DSC of the press section can be calculated by means of the evaporation amount of the dryer section, the production of finished paper and the final paper moisture as follows: DSC=mpap,d/(mpap,d+mH2O), in which mpap,d is the dry mass flow of the paper web to the dryer section and mH2O is the water mass flow to the dryer section. mH2O is obtained by summing up the mass flow of the water discharged from the dryer section and the evaporated water mass flow.

Abstract: A belt conditioning method, apparatus and paper machine employing the method and apparatus are provided. The belt method and apparatus include multiple conditioning devices using chemicals to condition water impermeable surfaces of paper machine belts, such as transfer belts and prevent deposits from accumulating on the belts. In one embodiment, the belt supports a web at a first portion of the belt's loop and is separated from the web at a second portion. The conditioning apparatuses are placed in the second portion.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for digesting cellulosic material that includes a vessel containing a digestion chamber and having an opening that provides access to the digestion chamber. A container for holding the cellulosic material is located within the digestion chamber. A closure interfaces with the vessel opening to form a seal against a predetermined digestion pressure and temperature within the chamber. A fluid-transporting system directs digestion fluids from a supply in the digestion chamber through a port and the container toward any cellulosic material therein. Digestion fluid distributed from the port through the container soaks the cellulosic material. Also provided are processes for digestion cellulosic material.

Abstract: A method for affecting moisture content of a sheet of paper includes providing a moisture measuring device disposed in a papermaking machine to measure the moisture content of a sheet of paper and create a moisture profile of the sheet of paper, determining the moisture profile of the sheet of paper, and providing a water-spraying device to spray water on a press felt that contacts the sheet of paper during manufacturing. The method further includes selecting one or more zones on the press felt on which to spray water based on the moisture profile of the sheet of paper, and acting on the press felt by spraying water in the one or more selected zones on the press felt to affect the moisture content of the sheet of paper that contacts the press felt after the water has been sprayed.

Abstract: A papermaking machine for making paper includes a forming section, a press section, and a drying section. The paper web is pressed between two press members while enclosed between a press felt and a transfer belt having non-uniformly distributed microscopic depressions in its surface, the web following the transfer belt from the press to a transfer point at which the web is transferred via a suction transfer device onto a structuring fabric, the web then being dried on a drying cylinder. The transfer point is spaced a distance D from the press nip selected based on machine speed, a basis weight of the web, and the surface characteristics of the transfer belt, such that within the distance D a thin water film between the web and the transfer belt at least partially dissipates to allow the web to be separated from the transfer belt.

Abstract: A press apparatus (10) is disclosed for removing water from a web (W). The apparatus includes a rotatable roll (12) which defines a peripheral surface (14). An elongate shoe (16) has a curved surface (18) which cooperates with the peripheral surface (14) of the roll (12) for defining therebetween a nip (N) for the passage therethrough of the web (W). The arrangement is such that when the web (W) extends through the nip (N), water is pressed from the web (W). A blanket (20) is disposed between the curved surface (18) of the shoe (16) and the web (W) for supporting the web (W) during the passage of the web through the nip (N), the blanket (20) enclosing the shoe (16). Moreover, the blanket (20) has a diameter within a range 500 mm to 875 mm.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus is disclosed for water desalination including steps of transferring water vapor from salt-water in a vaporization zone 7, via a water vapor transfer zone 12, to a condensation zone 11, and condensing the water vapor into fresh-water. The water vapor transfer zone 12 is maintained substantially free of any gas other than water vapor. Heat is supplied to the vaporization zone 7 and extracted from the condensation zone 11, at relative rates such that there is a net transfer of water from the vaporization zone to the condensation zone. Also disclosed is a method of and apparatus for degassing salt water using at least two degassing chambers 17A, 17B each provided with a valved vent 47 and a valved inlet 21,29,90,91, with a valved pipe circuit 17a, 72-82,85-87, having a pump 71.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for high-deposition sputtering are described. A sputtering source includes an anode and a cathode assembly that is positioned adjacent to the anode. The cathode assembly includes a sputtering target. An ionization source generates a weakly-ionized plasma proximate to the anode and the cathode assembly. A power supply produces an electric field between the anode and the cathode assembly that creates a strongly-ionized plasma from the weakly-ionized plasma. The strongly-ionized plasma includes a first plurality of ions that impact the sputtering target to generate sufficient thermal energy in the sputtering target to cause a sputtering yield of the sputtering target to be non-linearly related to a temperature of the sputtering target.

Abstract: A wafer plating apparatus has a rotor in a head including wafer retainers which properly hold a wafer on the rotor in position. A seal on the head seals plating bath liquid away from the edges of the wafer. After plating is completed and the wafer is moved away from the seal, the wafer retainers prevent the wafer from sticking to the seal. The rotor may include a backing plate adapted to support a wafer during processing, with the wafer retainers pivotally attached to the backing plate. Movement of the backing plate relative to a seal may move the wafer retainers between open and closed or engaged positions.

Abstract: A plating assembly for use in plating metallic materials onto a surface of a substrate is provided. The plating assembly comprising a delivery unit having a fluid chamber, a metallic source, and a porous insert. The plating assembly also comprising a receiving unit having a fluid chamber and a metallic receiver. The receiving unit also has a porous insert. The porous insert of the delivery unit being substantially aligned with, and spaced apart from, the porous insert of the receiving unit. The metallic receiver being substantially aligned with the porous insert of the delivery unit and a path being defined between the delivery unit and the receiving unit. Wherein a plating meniscus is capable of being defined in the path between the porous inserts of the delivery unit and the receiving unit and a substrate is capable of being moved through the plating meniscus to enable the plating of metallic materials onto the surface of the substrate. Examples for de-plating are also provided.

Abstract: An apparatus for processing a substrate is provided. The apparatus includes a plating head configured to plate a surface of the substrate with a layer of a material using a fluid meniscus between the plating head and a surface of the substrate. The apparatus also includes a fluid meniscus stabilizing apparatus configured to apply a pre-processing fluid to the surface of the substrate before the fluid meniscus is applied to the surface.

Abstract: An anode for electrowinning aluminium comprises an electrically conductive substrate that is covered with an applied electrochemically active coating comprising a layer that contains predominantly cobalt oxide CoO. The CoO layer can be connected to the substrate through an oxygen barrier layer, in particular containing copper, nickel, tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum and/or niobium.

Abstract: Disclosed is an oxygen evolution anode for evolving oxygen without chlorine evolution in electrolysis of aqueous solutions of sodium chloride having high performance and durability with decreased amount of the precious metal(s) in the intermediate layer to decrease manufacturing cost and to ease problem of the resources. The oxygen evolution anode comprises an electroconductive substrate, an intermediate layer and an electrocatalyst. The intermediate layer prepared by calcination consists of multiple oxide of the platinum group element(s), Sn and Sb, with the Sn/Sb ratio of 1-40 and with the sum of Sn and Sb of 90 cationic % or less. The electrocatalyst is prepared by anodic deposition and consists of 0.1-3 cationic % of Sn, 0.2-20 cationic % of Mo and/or W and the balance of Mn.

Abstract: Permanent or temporary alignment and/or retention structures for receiving multiple components are provided. The structures are preferably formed monolithically via a plurality of deposition operations (e.g. electrodeposition operations). The structures typically include two or more positioning fixtures that control or aid in the positioning of components relative to one another, such features may include (1) positioning guides or stops that fix or at least partially limit the positioning of components in one or more orientations or directions, (2) retention elements that hold positioned components in desired orientations or locations, and/or (3) positioning and/or retention elements that receive and hold adjustment modules into which components can be fixed and which in turn can be used for fine adjustments of position and/or orientation of the components.

Abstract: The present invention presents an improved optical window deposition shield for optical access to a process space in a plasma processing system through a deposition shield, wherein the design and fabrication of the optical window deposition shield advantageously provides an optically clean access to the processing plasma in the process space while sustaining substantially minimal erosion of the optical window deposition shield.

Abstract: The invention relates to a target support assembly (1) comprising a support (2), on which a target lining is arranged. In order to simplify the production of the target lining or of the target support assembly and/or the placement of the target lining on the support, the target lining is formed by a target sleeve (4) that is slid onto the support (2). At least one clamping element (5) is placed, while actively clamping, between the support (2) and the target sleeve (4).

Abstract: Devices and methods for determining the concentration of an analyte in a sample of liquid are provided.

Abstract: A nanostructured working electrode of an electrochemical sensor wherein the working electrode is composed of a material in the form of a film and is inserted onto the sensor. The electrode can be prepared from materials the use of which was impossible in the working electrodes known in the art (e.g. metals of defined purity). A method of manufacturing of the nanostructured working electrode and an electrochemical sensor containing the nanostructured electrode is disclosed.

Abstract: Devices and methods for determining the concentration of an analyte in a sample of liquid are provided.

Abstract: An electrochemical sensor is provided for the detection of carbon dioxide gas. The sensor includes a non-conductive solid substrate and at least one each of a metal oxide sensing electrode, a reference electrode and a counter electrode positioned on the substrate. A solid polymer electrolyte anion-exchange membrane is in intimate contact with the sensing electrode, reference electrode and counter electrode. The sensor is highly sensitive and selective to carbon dioxide and has very rapid response time.