Abstract: A soccer training system is used to condition soccer players to make shots at the goal with an improved likelihood of scoring by conditioning the soccer players to aim towards the areas of the goal where shots are more likely to score. Similarly disclosed is a novel method of conditioning soccer players to improve their ability to score goals.

Abstract: A method of training in swinging and hitting a baseball or softball in which a mechanical training aid is provided and attached to a batter's trailing back forearm and trailing back calf with a stretchable band attached between the back forearm and back calf. The band is stretched as a batter swings with proper extension and rotation of his body. The stretched band may further cause a visual, audible, or tactilely perceived indicator to the batter or observer that a batter has properly extended during a swing.

Abstract: An arrow apparatus is disclosed comprising an arrow point alignment structure having a tapered leading end disposed on an outer surface of an arrow shaft. The arrow point may also comprise a tapered aperture defined therein for receiving and mating with at least a portion of the tapered leading end of the arrow point alignment structure in order to bring the arrow point into axial alignment with the arrow shaft. The arrow point alignment structure may be integrally formed with, or affixed to, the outer surface of the arrow shaft or affixed to a portion of the arrow point. The arrow apparatus may also further comprise an insert at least partially disposed within the arrow shaft. The insert may comprise a first insert portion removably attached to a second insert portion that weighs less than the first insert portion. Various arrow points and corresponding methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: A continuously variable transmission has a primary pulley having a primary movable sheave that is capable of moving to change a groove width of the primary pulley, and a secondary pulley having a secondary movable sheave that is capable of moving to change a groove width of the secondary pulley. Endless flexible members are engaged with the primary pulley and the secondary pulley to transmit torque therebetween. At least one of the pulleys has a thrust applying mechanism that is capable of applying spring force and first fluid pressure force to the movable sheave of the pulley so as to narrow the groove width thereof and generating second fluid pressure force opposite to the spring force and the first fluid pressure force.

Abstract: A simplified continuously variable transmission system control provides a variable clamping force and a differential cylinder pressure manipulation to change sheave ratios. The system control uses two pumps. The first pump provides the variable clamping force. The second pump provides pressure changes to effect ratio changes. The clamping force can be varied based upon operator demand on an associated engine.

Abstract: A technique for deflecting an actuator belt includes applying a variable deflection force to the actuator belt. The technique may be used to construct actuators for active orthotics, robotics or other applications. Versions with passive clutches may also be used to construct variable-ratio motor gearheads, or may be scaled up to build continuously variable transmissions for automobiles, bicycles, or other vehicles.

Abstract: A vehicular drive system including a first electric motor, a power distributing mechanism, and a second electric motor disposed on a first axis, and an automatic transmission portion disposed on a second axis parallel to the first axis, and a power transmitting member at an end of the first axis remote from an input rotary member and a rotary member at an end of the second axis remote from the input rotary member are connected to each other through a drive linkage, thereby a total axial dimension of the first electric motor, power distributing mechanism, and second electric motor and an axial dimension of the automatic transmission portion are substantially equal to each other, whereby the axial dimension of the drive system is reduced. A housing of the vehicular drive system includes mutually separate first, second, third, and fourth casing portions, so the drive system can be easily assembled.

Abstract: A vehicular power transmitting system including a transmission portion constituting a part of a power transmitting path, an electric motor connected to the power transmitting path, an electrically controlled differential portion connected to the electric motor and having a differential state controllable according to a change of an operating speed of the electric motor, a casing accommodating the transmission portion, the electric motor and the electrically controlled differential portion, and a support member for supporting a rotor of the electric motor, the support member including a support portion formed in one axial end portion thereof, at which the rotor is supported rotatably about its axis, and a tapered portion having a diameter increasing in an axial direction from the one axial end portion toward the other axial end portion at which the support member is fixed to the casing, and wherein a winding portion of a stator of the electric motor is disposed in a space formed radially outwardly of the taper

Abstract: A hydraulic control system of an eight-speed automatic transmission for a vehicle. Four clutches and two brakes can by independently controlled by six proportional control solenoid valves by employing pressure control valves and pressure switching valves.

Abstract: A low-noise speed reduction device that is simple in structure, small-sized, and little in energy loss is provided. Two-stage gears, i.e., a large-diameter gear 65 and a small-diameter gear 66 of a third external gear 63 are supported by a supporting shaft 59, and one-stage second external gear 58 that meshes with the small-diameter gear 66 is only attached to an axial one end of a crankshaft 40. Therefore, the axial length of the whole speed reduction device becomes short, and consequently, miniaturization becomes possible. Further, since gears mesh with each other only in two places until a driving force is transmitted to the crankshaft 40 from the first external gear 54, noises can be reduced, and energy loss can also be lowered.

Abstract: A drive axle assembly includes first and second axleshafts connected to a pair of wheels and a drive mechanism operable to selectively couple a driven input shaft to one or both of the axleshafts. The drive mechanism includes a differential, a speed changing unit operably disposed between the differential assembly and one of the first and second axleshafts, and first and second mode clutches. The first mode clutch is operable to decrease the rotary speed of the second axleshaft which, in turn, causes a corresponding increase in the rotary speed of the first axleshaft. The second mode clutch is operable to increase the rotary speed of the second axleshaft so as to cause a decrease in the rotary speed of the first axleshaft. A control system controls actuation of both mode clutches.

Abstract: The transmission has a plurality of members that can be utilized in powertrains to provide eight forward speed ratios and one reverse speed ratio. The transmission includes four planetary gear sets having five torque-transmitting mechanisms, two fixed interconnections and a grounded member. The powertrain includes an engine and torque converter that is continuously connected to at least one of the planetary gear members and an output member that is continuously connected with another one of the planetary gear members. The five torque-transmitting mechanisms provide interconnections between various gear members and are operated in combinations to establish eight forward speed ratios and one reverse speed ratio.

Abstract: The transmission has a plurality of members that can be utilized in powertrains to provide eight forward speed ratios and one reverse speed ratio. The transmission includes three planetary gear sets having six torque-transmitting devices and two fixed interconnections. The powertrain includes an engine and torque converter that is continuously connected to at least one of the planetary gear members and an output member that is continuously connected with another one of the planetary gear members. The six torque-transmitting devices provide interconnections between various gear members, and with the transmission housing, and are operated in combinations of three to establish eight forward speed ratios and one reverse speed ratio.

Abstract: The transmission has a plurality of members that can be utilized in powertrains to provide eight forward speed ratios and one reverse speed ratio. The transmission includes four planetary gear sets having five torque-transmitting mechanisms, two fixed interconnections and two grounded members. The powertrain includes an engine and torque converter that is continuously connected to at least one of the planetary gear members and an output member that is continuously connected with another one of the planetary gear members. The five torque-transmitting mechanisms provide interconnections between various gear members, and are operated in combinations of three to establish at least eight forward speed ratios and at least one reverse speed ratio.

Abstract: The transmission has a plurality of members that can be utilized in powertrains to provide eight forward speed ratios and one reverse speed ratio. The transmission includes three planetary gear sets, six torque-transmitting devices, two fixed interconnections and a grounded member. The powertrain includes an engine and torque converter that is continuously connected to one of the planetary gear members and an output member that is continuously connected with another one of the planetary gear members. The six torque-transmitting devices provide interconnections between various gear members, and the transmission housing, and are operated in combinations of two to establish eight forward speed ratios and one reverse speed ratio.

Abstract: A method for operating a multi-speed automatic transmission of a motor vehicle. The automatic transmission has multiple shift elements for transmitting torque and/or power. When in forward and reverse gears, a first number of shift elements are engaged, and a second number of shift elements are disengaged. To improve the shift speed of successive upshifts and/or successive downshifts which are implemented in an overlapped manner, during a first upshift and/or downshift, at least one shift element, necessary for a successive second upshift and/or downshift, is prepared during the first upshift and/or downshift such that when the first upshift and/or downshift reaches a synchronous point, immediate implementation of the successive second upshift and/or downshift is possible. Depending on a gear change to be implemented, the first upshift and/or downshift from a current gear to a desired gear is preferably implemented as a multiple shift rather than a single shift.

Abstract: A multifunctional virtual-reality fitness equipment provide user to select mode of one user doing exercise alone or multiple users participating in on-line internet competition game with others through internet, which has a detachable interactive manipulator equipped with single-chip microcontroller and served as an interface for coupling conventional fitness equipment and personal computer to enable the conventional fitness equipment to become a novel man-machine interaction fitness equipment having function of internet 3-dimensional virtual simulation, and the communication between the detachable interactive manipulator and the personal computer is achieved by employing male-to-female plug-socket connecting means and according the International Standard Communication Protocol; when the detachable interactive manipulator is connected to a personal computer and a fitness equipment, an automatic detection to software program of personal computer shall be executed, if correct message is detected, the fitness eq

Abstract: Methods and wireless devices for use in connection with a fitness program and/or an exercise apparatus. In one such method, fitness information is stored in a memory and operative communication is established with an exercise apparatus. At least a subset of the fitness information is sent to the exercise apparatus to facilitate a user workout using the exercise apparatus. Exercise information corresponding to the user workout is received from the exercise apparatus, and the at least a subset of the fitness information is updated in the memory according to the received exercise information.

Abstract: A device for use with an exercise apparatus consisting of at least one hanging, length-adjustable and lockable rope (10, 11) which at its lower end has a gripping means (13, 14), e.g., a gripping loop. A vibration means (12; 16) is designed, when attached via a rope engaging member (8, 9) to a portion of such rope, to impart to the rope and thus its gripping means (13, 14) a vibratory motion.

Abstract: A behavior of a walker is detected according to combination of detection of the walking behavior on a level and an altitude variation of the walker to more accurately detect the behavior of the walker. A burned calorie can be obtained according to the type of the walking behavior. An altitude variation can be obtained more accurately by integrating altitude variation only at sections with vertical movement during walking. A stride is estimated according to the behavior of the walker in consideration of the vertical movement. Obtained position and traveling direction are used for compensating values in inertial navigation system. The behavior with and without vertical movement is used in a walker navigator and a worker observing system including a worker terminal carried by the walker for detecting the behavior of the worker and a worker observing terminal for providing the detected position and behavior of the walker.

Abstract: A rope-climbing exercise apparatus comprising, a support structure, a continuous rope, a means for applying resistance to the downward force on the rope applied by the user, and a means for applying upward force to the user.

Abstract: A method of improving mobility skills of a user on a stationary elliptical exercise device comprising two footpads, each footpad associated with a stationary exercise device, comprising a frame member having a transverse pivot axis. A first and a second foot tread member are operatively associated with a coupling member for pivotally coupling the front end of each foot tread member to the pivot axis at a predetermined distance from the pivot axis, so that each foot tread member front end travels in an arcuate path about the pivot axis. Each foot tread member moves independently of the other foot tread member. Each foot tread member rear end is operatively associated with a glide member for moveable coupling of the rear end of each foot tread member to a support surface. The glide members direct each foot tread member rear end along a reciprocating path of travel, as each foot tread member front end travels in an arcuate path.

Abstract: An exercise device includes two cranks rotatably coupled to an upright support of a base, two handles pivotally coupled to the upright support, and two foot supports each having a front portion pivotally coupled to the pivot rod or an extended arm of the cranks with a link and each having a rear portion pivotally coupled to the rear portion of the base, and the lower portions of the handles are pivotally coupled to the foot supports to allow the moving stroke of the foot supports to be controlled by the handles. The handles may be pivotally coupled to the cranks with levers. A foot pedal may be pivotally supported on each of the foot supports and pivotally coupled to the handles.

Abstract: An exercise apparatus links rotation of a crank to generally elliptical motion of a foot supporting member. A foot supporting linkage is movably connected between a rocker and a crank in such a manner that the foot supporting member moves through paths of motion which are fixed, adjustable or variable.

Abstract: A stationary exercise device with flexible support elements may include a frame with a base portion. A crank system with crank arms is coupled to and supported by the frame. Right and left pivotal linkage assemblies may each have an arcuate motion member and a foot support member. The arcuate motion member may be coupled to the frame. The foot support member may be coupled to the arcuate motion member. The arcuate motion member may be oriented in a generally vertical position and the foot support member may be oriented a generally horizontal position. Flexible element coupling systems couple the right and left foot support members to the crank system.

Abstract: An exercise device includes a first treadle assembly supporting a first moving surface and a second treadle assembly supporting a second moving surface. The exercise device further includes an upper body exercise assembly operably associated with the exercise device. The first treadle assembly is pivotally coupled with the frame structure, and the second treadle assembly is pivotally coupled with the frame structure. In another form, an exercise device includes a frame structure, a first treadle assembly having a first endless belt in rotatable engagement with a first roller, a second treadle assembly having a second endless belt in rotatable engagement with a second roller, and a flywheel operably coupled with the first endless belt and the second endless belt.

Abstract: A crank assembly for fitness equipment includes a ductile spacer engaged between a crankshaft mounting surface and a crank arm mounting surface at the interface thereof and conforming respectively to each to maximize surface contact area to distribute loads across a larger area.

Abstract: Principles of exercise machine construction, an exercise machine, components of an exercise machine, and methods related to exercising on or constructing an exercise machine that allows for the performance of multiple different exercises, where the user utilizes related arcs of an arm with a fixed path of motion for the different exercises. Generally the arcs will be utilized for both pull-type exercises and push-type exercises and/or for diverging and converging exercises.

Abstract: An adjustable kettlebell includes a shaft having a narrowed neck segment formed on one end portion and having a base plate attached to the other end portion, two or more weight members each having a slot for receiving the narrowed neck segment of the shaft, and each having an enlarged opening communicating with the slot for receiving the shaft and for retaining the weight members to the shaft when the weight members are offset from the narrowed neck segment of the shaft, and a sliding member is slidably attached onto the shaft for engaging with the weight members after the weight members have been disengaged from the narrowed neck segment of the shaft and for retaining the weight members to the shaft.

Abstract: An adjustable barbell or dumbbell or exercise device includes a handle having a narrowed neck segment formed on each end portion and having a base plate attached to each end portion, two or more weight members each having a slot for receiving the narrowed neck segment of the handle, and each having an enlarged opening communicating with the slot for receiving the handle and for retaining the weight members to the handle when the weight members are offset from the narrowed neck segment of the handle, and a sliding member slidably attached onto each end of the handle for engaging with the weight members after the weight members have been disengaged from the narrowed neck segment of the handle and for retaining the weight members to the handle.

Abstract: Resistance training exercise apparatus includes a poppet load system. During movement of a user-engaged exercise member in a first exercise direction, fluid flows past an open poppet in a first flow direction between housing chambers. During movement of the user-engaged exercise member in a second exercise direction, fluid flow between the chambers is blocked by a closed poppet, and instead fluid flows through an auxiliary passage through a one-way valve. Ballistic training is enabled with the addition of a second auxiliary fluid passage, second one-way valve, and a release valve.

Abstract: An exercise device capable of simultaneously exercising a plurality of muscle groups, which includes an exercise chair mounted to a base, the exercise chair having a pivotally-resistant seat back. The exercise device further includes large, curvilinear conduits through which pass adjustably-resistant elastic bands with grips fixedly attached to the elastic bands proximate the upper and lower ends of the curvilinear conduits, which curvilinear conduits are laterally spaced, one on each side of the exercise chair. The exercise device further includes a resistive foot platform positioned at the front end of the base, which resistive foot platform is moveably engaged with the exercise chair. The exercise device further includes a resistive seated-row grip positioned at the front end of the base that permits cardiovascular exercise. The exercise device further includes rotatable and rocking latches for quickly changing from between one or more differently-tensioned resistive elements.

Abstract: An inflatable exercise apparatus having inflatable bladder segments in fluid communication with each other. The inflatable exercise apparatus includes a valve control mechanism that may control the flow of a fluid between the bladder segments, thereby allowing for the adjustment of the pressure in each bladder segment. Adjusting the pressure in each bladder segment may allow the user to vary the levels of resistance during exercise. The bladder segments may be operably connected to bases. The bladder segments may have a plateau that is configured to accommodate each user's stance dimension, along with ridges to assist in securing the feet of the user in a neutral position. The apparatus may also include band brackets for the attachment of other exercise devices, for example exercise bands or balancing devices. The bases may be pivotably connected so as to allow the apparatus to fold to accommodate a storage state.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for achieving dynamic balance exercise by using an elongated board that is tiltable in a longitudinal direction and energized by a set of motor-driven wheels which are connected to oppose the tilting action. A front to back (pitching) and side to side twisting (yawing) of the board is accomplished concurrently with the longitudinal tilting (rolling) movement to balance the exercise experience and improve the subjects fore-and-aft balance.

Abstract: A sheet or film-forming roll 10 includes an inner cylinder member 20 having axial parts 21, 22 provided on both sides thereof and rotatably supported by bearing parts 26, 27 through the axial parts 21, 22, a rubber roll 40 fitted to an outer circumferential surface of the inner cylinder member 20, eccentric side plates 53, 54 rotatably fitted to the axial parts 21, 22 of the inner cylinder member 20 respectively, and an elastic outer cylinder member 50 rotatably supported by the eccentric side plates 53, 54. The elastic outer cylinder member 50, which is provided with a thin-walled structure and made from metal, has an inner diameter larger than an outer diameter of the rubber roll 40 to accommodate the rubber roll 40 in an interior 68 thereof, and has inner circumferential surface 50A coming into contact with an outer circumferential surface 40A of the rubber roll 40.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for making bags is disclosed. It includes receiving a film and imparting a plurality of successive seals to the film to form bags. The location of the imparted seals is determined by monitoring at least two sensors. A plurality of perforations are imparted to the film at locations relative to a corresponding seal in response to the determination. The position of a perforator such as rotary position, of a knife may be controlled in response to determining the location. The seals may be formed by a rotary drum, and the perforation by a rotary knife. The sensors may be at the same or different cross machine direction and/or machine direction locations. Startup may include adjusting and recording the position of a prior perforation relative to a prior corresponding seal, and using that recording as a base relative location in another embodiment.

Abstract: A device for processing filter tow material used for producing filters for rod-shaped smoking articles such as cigarettes. The device includes a filter tow supply to provide at least two filter tow strips to at least two filter tow guideways. Each of the at least two filter tow strips is directed within the at least two filter two guideways, respectively. Apparatuses are also provided for processing the filter tow strips. The device includes a separately controllable independent processing apparatus assigned to each filter tow guideway.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided including first and second chambers, adapted to be in fluid communication with first and second volumes of oxygenated blood of a subject, respectively, the first and second chambers having first and second surfaces, respectively. A third surface is adapted to apply an elastically-derived force, at least a first and second portions of the third surface in mechanical communication with, respectively, the first and second surfaces, during at least a portion of a cardiac cycle. A pressure-sensitive valve is coupled between the first and second chambers, the valve adapted: (a) to be in an open position during at least a portion of systole, such that the first chamber is in fluid communication with the second chamber; and (b) to be in a substantially closed position during diastole, such that the first chamber is substantially not in fluid communication with the second chamber. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating pelvic organ prolapse in a patent is provided. The apparatus includes a support portion having first and second ends. A first elongated end portion is connected to the first end of the support portion. The first elongated end portion includes a first dilator configured to attach securely with a tip of a needle. A second elongated end portion is connected to the second end of the support portion. The second elongated end portion includes a second dilator configured to attach securely with a tip of a needle. The first and second needles include a straight portion, a tip, a first radius, and a second radius distinct from the first radius. The first radius and the second radius are disposed between the straight portion and the tip. A method and kit for the treatment is further provided.

Abstract: Described are implants, tools, and related methods, for use in pelvic surgery to treat conditions such as prolapse and incontinence, including one embodiment of a method that uses a transcoccyx tissue path; other embodiments that use particular implants with various features relating to, e.g., end portions; and other embodiments relating to particular tools.

Abstract: A method for avoiding rapid or sudden image rotation or reversal in a gravity leveled endoscopic imaging system is disclosed. A mathematical neighborhood of a singular viewing configuration is defined and within this neighborhood the endoscopic image orientation follows specified rules.

Abstract: An optical obturator which includes a sleeve having a longitudinal bore between a proximal end and a distal end is disclosed. The longitudinal bore of the sleeve is configured to receive at least a portion of an endoscope or like image transferring system. An image passing member, such as an optical window is positioned at the distal end of the sleeve and is provided to permit optical images to pass into the longitudinal bore of the sleeve and to permit illumination light to pass to the surgical site. An automatically retracting blade is positioned distal to the image passing member to facilitate penetration of body tissue.

Abstract: An endoscope inserting direction detecting method includes receiving an endoscopic image, sampling pixels, which represent high densities, from data of the endoscopic image, defining an approximate expression for providing an approximate state of a distribution of sampling-pixels, evaluating a difference between a state of distribution of the sampling-pixels and a result of an approximation based on the approximate expression, and determining an endoscope inserting direction, in which an endoscope should be inserted, on the basis of a result of and evaluation of the fourth step.

Abstract: An endoscope apparatus includes an endoscope, a signal processing unit, and a communication unit. The endoscope includes an information storage section including an endoscope information memory and a first controller controlling readout of the information in the endoscope information memory. The endoscope is detachably connected to the signal processing unit, which includes a second controller issuing at least an instruction for a readout operation of the information to the information storage section. Data is transmitted and received between the first controller and the second controller through the communication unit. The endoscope apparatus includes a communication speed setting unit setting the communication speed of the communication unit to a higher communication speed allowable in the first controller and a switching unit switching the communication speed.

Abstract: A disposable endoscope sheath includes an extendable sleeve sized to accommodate an endoscope shaft having a viewing end. The extendable sleeve has a variable length. A distal portion of the sleeve is configured to direct irrigation fluid onto the viewing end of the endoscope to flush surgical debris from the viewing end of the endoscope.

Abstract: An electronic endoscope system, which is adapted to observe a fluorescence image of autofluorescence emitted from a body cavity wall irradiated with excitation light, includes a controller that controls a light source apparatus to alternately introduce either white light or excitation light into a light guide while taking a normal color image and the fluorescence image, and controls an image signal generating system to generate normal color image signals and fluorescence image signals.

Abstract: An expansion mechanism for minimally invasive lumbar operation has a support member, a plurality of sliders movably assembled on the support member, at least a couple of outside muscle hook members mounted on adjacent sliders, an inside muscle hook member assembled on the slider, and a nerve hook member assembled on the slider. The expansion mechanism for minimally invasive operation makes small incisions and hurts less tissues. Furthermore, the expansion mechanism protects nerve tissues from repeated stirring. Muscles can be drawn apart without the need of removing ligament, obtaining clear and large operation vision.

Abstract: A continuous glucose monitoring system including a sensor configured to detect one or more glucose levels, a transmitter operatively coupled to the sensor, the transmitter configured to receive the detected one or more glucose levels, the transmitter further configured to transmit signals corresponding to the detected one or more glucose levels, and a receiver operatively coupled to the transmitter configured to receive transmitted signals corresponding to the detected one or more glucose levels, and methods thereof, are disclosed. In one aspect, the transmitter may be configured to transmit a current data point and at least one previous data point, the current data point and the at least one previous data point corresponding to the detected one or more glucose levels.

Abstract: A system for characterizing skin condition comprises a spreadable indicator and a reference. The indicator is suitable for application to human skin and visually changeable when in contact with the oil on human skin. The visual change of the indicator is representative of the amount of the oil in contact with the indicator. The reference relates a plurality of possible visual changes of the indicator to a plurality of skin conditions, whereby a user can compare the reference to the visual change of the indicator to characterize a skin condition of human skin due to the amount of the oil on the human skin in contact with the indicator.

Abstract: A method and system for imaging a sample. The method includes the steps of generating an ultrasonic signal, directing the signal into a sample, which signal is distorted and contains a first order and higher order component signals at first and higher frequencies respectively. The received distorted signal is processed, and an image is formed, and then displayed, from the sum of the first order and second order component signals of the received distorted signal.