Abstract: An adjustable user support apparatus for exercise equipment has a lever driven adjustable user support which can be unlocked, adjusted to a user desired adjustment location and locked in the desired location. The preferred embodiment has a user support attached to an elongate member having a longitudinal central axis situated along a line of desired adjustment, a structure capable of holding the elongate member in alignment with the central axis, the structure allowing the elongate member to move only in a slideable fashion along the central axis, lever means for driving the elongate member in a slideable fashion along the central axis, and means for locking said elongate member in a user selectable position, wherein lever means and means for locking can be operated simultaneously with one hand.

Abstract: A strut end piece for a strut for connecting with a fin of a sleeve for a solar mirror frame support. A strut for receiving a strut end piece for a solar mirror frame support. A sleeve for connecting with a chord and a strut end piece for a solar mirror frame support having a main portion having an opening for receiving the chord. A method for connecting a sleeve to a chord and a strut end piece for a solar mirror frame support.

Abstract: A device used to secure an automobile catalytic converter. The invention deters a person from tampering with or stealing a catalytic converter. The device consists of at least four overlapping, and adjustable plates comprising an adjustable frame structure that clamp around the catalytic converter. Tightening of fasteners keeps the frame structure securely in position around the catalytic converter, preventing easy access to the catalytic converter. The frame structure is then secured to the automobile itself with a looped cable, which prevents easy removal of the catalytic converter.

Abstract: Cubipods are heavy concrete objects used as protection means for dyke or breakwater mantles on coasts or the like and have a cubic or orthohedral shape with projections on the faces (3) thereof; the number, position and geometric shape of said projections (2) may vary. The mould comprises a table (4) with a plate (6) wherein is hollowed a recess (5) corresponding with the lower projection of the cubipod (1) and has support legs (9) on a rigid plinth (10). A prismatic casing (11) with the cubipod (1) shape but lacking the upper base, rests on the table (4). A frame of profiles (18, 19) with a hood (17) for forming the upper projection is hinged on an upper edge. Mould removal is achieved by raising the casing (11), after taking away a number of dihedral surfaces (14-15) which form the lower face of the projections (2) and lower part of the casing.

Abstract: A substrate surface of a semiconductor package, comprising: a plurality of product forming areas to provide mounting spaces of semiconductor chips. The substrate surface also comprises a plurality of staggered offset mesh block areas surrounding the plurality of product forming areas. The plurality of staggered offset mesh block areas minimize mold bleeding from a mold cavity of the semiconductor package to outer areas of the substrate surface.

Abstract: Provided is a photodetector circuit having significantly low current consumption. The photodetector circuit includes two opposing P-channel metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) transistors each including a gate connected to a drain of the opposing P-channel MOS transistor. The drain of one of the P-channel MOS transistors is discharged with an ON-state current of an N-channel MOS transistor which is turned ON with a voltage generated in a photoelectric element. The drain of the other of the P-channel MOS transistors is discharged with an ON-state current of a depletion type N-channel MOS transistor including a gate to which a voltage of a reference power supply terminal is input, and a source to which the voltage generated in the photoelectric element is input.

Abstract: A photodiode array includes a plurality of photodiodes arranged in a single semiconductor laminate including a first conductivity-type semiconductor layer and an absorption layer overlying the first conductivity-type semiconductor layer. The photodiode array also includes a functional portion among the photodiodes in a predetermined proportion. The functional portion acts as a monitor light receiving portion and/or a charge sweep portion. Each of the photodiodes and functional portion has a second conductivity-type region reaching the absorption layer from the surface of the semiconductor laminate and an electrode in ohmic contact with the second conductivity-type region.

Abstract: A method and system for at least three dimensional imaging comprising a processor for processing information; at least one photon light source generating a beam of light; a modulator for modulating the light of the at least one photon light source; a plurality of first receivers operative to detect the influence of a subject on the beam; the plurality of first receivers being operatively connected to the processor and operating to transmit nonspatial information to the processor; the plurality of first receivers being spaced at known, different distances from the subject, whereby comparison of each of the outputs of the plurality of first receivers provides three dimensional information concerning the subject; the processor operating to correlate the outputs of the plurality of first receivers with spatial information derived from the modulated light at correlating intervals of time to create a three dimensional image of the subject.

Abstract: A pixel for an imaging device is described. The pixel includes a photosensitive device provided within a substrate for providing photo-generated charges, a circuit associated with the photosensitive device for providing at least one pixel output signal representative of the photo-generated charges, the circuit includes at least one operative device that is responsive to a first control signal during operation of the associated circuit and a pump circuit. The pump circuit may include substrate pumps, charge pumps and/or voltage pumps. The pixel may also be embedded in an imaging system.

Abstract: An optical sensor device, according to an embodiment of the present invention, includes a light source and a light detector. The light source includes one or more light emitting elements, and the light detector includes one or more light detecting elements. A first opaque light barrier portion, between the light source and the light detector, is configured to block light from being transmitted directly from the light source to the light detector. A second opaque light barrier portion, extending from the first opaque light barrier portion in a direction towards the light source, is configured to reduce an amount of specular reflections that would occur if a light transmissive cover plate were placed over the optical sensor device.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a photoelectric sensor and method for sensing a target at a predetermined location. In at least one embodiment, the photoelectric sensor includes a light source that emits light, an output circuit including first and second photodetectors, first and second receive lenses respectively positioned adjacent to the first and second photodetectors, respectively, and a support structure for supporting each of the light source, the photodetectors, and the receive lenses in relation to one another. If the target is at the predetermined location, then a first portion of the emitted light is received by the first photodetector after being reflected off of the target and passing through the first receive lens, and a second portion of the emitted light is received by the second photodetector after being reflected off of the target and passing through the second received lens.

Abstract: An optical sensor device comprises a light source, a light detector, and an opaque light barrier including a first portion to block light from being transmitted directly from the source to the detector. A second portion of the light barrier extends from the first portion in a direction towards the light source, such that a portion of the second portion covers at least a portion of light emitting element(s) of the source, to reduce an amount of specular reflections, if a light transmissive cover plate were placed over the sensor. Additionally, a third portion of the barrier can extend from the first portion, in a direction towards to the detector, such that a portion of the third portion covers at least a portion of light detecting element(s) of the detector, to reduce an amount of specular reflections that would be detected by the detecting element(s) of the detector, if a light transmissive cover plate were placed over the sensor. Additionally, an off-centered lens can cover a portion of the light source.

Abstract: A light receiving device 1 includes a support substrate 12 provided thereon with a photodetector 11 including a photodetecting portion 111 and a base substrate 112 on which the photodetecting portion 111 is placed; and a transparent substrate 13 disposed so as to oppose the face of the support substrate 12 on which the photodetector 11 is provided. Between the support substrate 12 and the transparent substrate 13, a frame portion 14 is provided so as to surround the photodetector 11. The frame portion 14 is a photo-curing adhesive, and directly adhered to the transparent substrate 13 and the support substrate 12. Such structure provides a light receiving device capable of exhibiting the desired performance, and a method of manufacturing such light receiving device can also be provided.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to multi-reflection electrostatic systems, and more particularly to improvements in and relating to the Orbitrap electrostatic ion trap. A method of operating an electrostatic ion trapping device having an array of electrodes operable to mimic a single electrode is proposed, the method comprising determining three or more different voltages that, when applied to respective electrodes of the plurality of electrodes, generate an electrostatic trapping field that approximates the field that would be generated by applying a voltage to the single electrode, and applying the three or more so determined voltages to the respective electrodes. Further improvements lie in measuring a plurality of features from peaks with different intensities from one or more collected mass spectra to derive characteristics, and using the measured characteristics to improve the voltages to be applied to the plurality of electrodes.

Abstract: An ion mobility spectrometer has an inlet for an analyte substance opening into an ionization region that produces ions of the substance. Parallel grid electrodes extend laterally across the ion flow path and apply an electric field to the ions that is switchable between a relatively low magnitude alternating field that varies in magnitude over multiple periods and an asymmetric alternating field of sufficiently high magnitude to cause differential mobility effects. A collector collects the passed ions, and an indication of the nature of the analyte substance is produced from the collected ions passed during both the low and high field intervals. Also disclosed is the application of a substantially alternating field between the electrodes, which field varies between a low value and a higher value over a time exceeding that of the alternating period.

Abstract: A mass analysis is initially performed while applying appropriate voltages to the electrodes so that ions injected through an entrance gate electrode (5) into a loop orbit (3) are guided through approximately one half of the loop orbit (3) and diverted at an exit gate electrode (6) toward an ion detector (7). Based on the intensities of the peaks appearing on a mass spectrum obtained by this mass analysis, one or more objective ions are selected and a time parameter is specified so that the voltage applied to the exit gate electrode (6) changes when none of the ions flying along the loop orbit (3) are passing through the exit gate electrode (6). As a result, the orbit of the objective ions will assuredly changed so that they will be directed toward the ion detector (7) after flying through the loop orbit (3) multiple times. Thus, the mass information of the objective ions can be assuredly obtained.

Abstract: An apparatus for direct analysis of the redox products, or intermediates, of an electrochemical reaction by coupling an electrochemical cell to desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

Abstract: The present invention relates to identification tagging, and is specifically directed to identification tagging of ammunition. An isotopic taggant is deposited in a layer at the interface between the primer and the propellant so that, as the ammunition is fired, the taggant is dispersed throughout the propellant. The taggant is thus contained in the gunshot residue formed during the firing, and can be read by analysis of residue particles. Alternatively, the taggant may be deposited in a layer under the primer reactants, or in pellets which are easily destroyed by the chemical reactions involved in firing the ammunition, again dispersing the taggant throughout the propellant and the gunshot residue. Non-isotopic chemical taggants may also be employed if they are encoded so as to minimize the possibility of the information being destroyed or improperly read after the taggants are exposed to the chemical reactions in firing the ammunition.

Abstract: A particle beam microscope includes an illumination system generating a particle beam having a ring-shaped conical configuration. A selective detection system is configured to selectively detect one of two groups of particles having traversed the object region. The first group of particles includes the particles that traversed the object region un-scattered or scattered by a small scattering amount. The second group of particles includes particles scattered in the object region by a greater scattering amount.

Abstract: A test structure and method thereof for determining a defect in a sample of semiconductor device includes at least one transistor rendered grounded. The grounded transistor is preferably located at at least one end of a test pattern designed to be included in the sample. When the test structure is inspected by charged particle beam inspection, the voltage contrast (VC) of the transistors in the test pattern including the grounded transistor is observed for determination of the presence of defect in the sample.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dark-field detector for an electron microscope. The detector comprises a photodiode for detecting the scattered electrons, with an inner electrode and an outer electrode. As a result of the resistive behaviour of the surface layer the current induced by a scattered electron, e.g. holes, are divided over the electrodes, so that a current I1 and I2 is induced, the sum of the current proportional to the energy of the impinging electron and the normalized ratio a function of the radial position where the electron impinges.

Abstract: A method for enhancing the quality of a charged particle microscopic image of a sample is disclosed. The image is formed by a charged particle beam imaging system. The method comprising: scanning, using a first scanning beam, a surface of the sample in at least one first scan line; and scanning, using a second scanning beam, the sample surface in at least one second scan line, wherein said second scanning beam is scanned across said sample surface during a time interval between the end of said first scan lines and the beginning of the next said first scan lines. Application of the proposed method as a charged particle beam imaging system is also disclosed.

Abstract: In a scanning electron microscope, an optimum scanning method for reducing the amount of deflection of a primary electron beam and secondary electrons is determined to acquire stable images. An energy filter is used to discriminate between energy levels. The change in yield of obtained electrons is used to measure the variation in specimen potential. The time constant of charging created during electron beam irradiation is extracted. The scanning method is optimized based on the extracted time constant to reduce the distortion and magnification variation that appear in a SEM image.

Abstract: An electron microscope comprising an electron emitting cathode equipped with a carbon nanotube and an extraction unit to field-emit electrons. The carbon nanotube contains a sharp portion which is approximately conical shape at tip thereof closed at the electron-emitting cathode. A method of manufacturing carbon nanotube having a sharp angle part at the tip thereof, comprising a step of placing and heat-treating a tip-sharpened carbon nanotube still at a lower temperature than a phase transition temperature and a step of placing and heat-treating a tip-sharpened carbon nanotube still at a higher temperature than a phase transition temperature.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for assembling a large microbolometer infrared imaging array from sub-arrays, comprising the step of forming a sub-array assembly of independent imaging arrays on the silicon wafer as the imaging sensor is being processed, whereby seams or gaps in a resulting image are avoided.

Abstract: A radiation power detector includes a thermal membrane that produces a voltage responsive to temperature differences. A radiation absorber is thermally coupled to the thermal membrane, and an indicator is coupled to the thermal membrane responsive to the temperature differences. The indicator is powered by voltage produced by the thermal membrane and signals the amount of radiation power to which the absorbing material is exposed.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and a method which enable acquisition of a temporal waveform of a propagating terahertz wave by changing a propagation velocity of the terahertz wave. A waveform information acquisition apparatus includes a generation portion for generating a terahertz wave, a propagation portion for allowing the terahertz wave generated by the generation portion to propagate therethrough, a detection portion for detecting waveform information of the terahertz wave, a first delay portion for changing a propagation velocity of the terahertz wave, and a control portion for controlling the first delay portion to change the propagation velocity of the terahertz wave in the propagation portion, and acquires information regarding the temporal waveform of the terahertz wave detected by the detection portion.

Abstract: NDIR gas sensing methodology is advanced which renders the output of an NDIR gas sensor, when implemented with this new methodology, to remain stable or drift-free over time. Furthermore, the output of such a sensor will also be independent of the temperature of an environ wherein the sensor is in physical contact. This method utilizes the same narrow band-pass spectral filter for the detection of the gas of interest for both the signal and the reference channels. By so doing, the two channels always receive radiation of the same spectral content from the infrared source of the sensor convoluted with that from any external elements exposed to the sensor. While the same sample chamber through which the gas of interest to be detected flows is shared by the two channels, the detector package for the reference channel is hermetically sealed with 100% of the gas to be detected instead of 100% N2 as for the signal detector.

Abstract: An infrared sensor includes a photodiode receiving an infrared signal. A first amplifier is connected to the photodiode. A second amplifier is connected to the first amplifier. A DC servo is connected in a feedback loop between the output of the second amplifier and the positive side of the first amplifier. An analog-to-digital signal converter is connected to the second amplifier. An output driver is connected to the analog-to-digital signal converter. The infrared sensor may receive and retransmit an infrared signal and may be incorporated in an infrared repeater system.

Abstract: A cassette type radiographic image solid-sate detector that is an FPD compatible with a CR cassette thin-shaped with s sufficient strength, capable of preventing a housing from being deformed by external stress to deal with an external shock, and capable of portable radiography. The cassette type radiographic image solid-state detector comprises a detector unit including a scintillator layer for converting incident radiation into light and a signal detecting section for receiving the light obtained by the conversion by the scintillator layer and converting the light to an electrical signal, a housing including a housing body formed of carbon fibers and a first cover member and a second cover member covering openings of the housing body and containing the detector unit. The thickness of the housing in the direction of incidence of the radiation conforms to JIS Z 4905. At least one of the cover members is structured to be insertable into the detector unit.

Abstract: Multiplexing for radiation imaging is provided by using optical delay combiners to provide distinct optical encoding for each detector channel. Each detector head provides an optical output which is encoded. The encoded optical signals can be optically combined to provide a single optical output for all of the detectors in the system. This single optical output can be coupled to a fast photodetector (e.g., a streak camera). The pulse readout from the photodetector can decode the arrival time of the event, the energy of the event, and which channels registered the detection event. Preferably, the detector heads provide coherent optical outputs, and the optical delay combiners are preferably implemented using photonic crystal technology to provide photonic integrated circuits including many delay combiners.

Abstract: A system includes emission of a first treatment beam associated with a first energy toward a neutron dose detector, determination of a first number of soft errors experienced by a semiconductor-based device exposed to neutrons generated by the first treatment beam, determination of a first neutron dose based on the first treatment beam using the neutron dose detector, and association of the first energy of the first treatment beam with the first number of soft errors and the first neutron dose. Some aspects include emission of a second treatment beam associated with the first energy toward a target, determination of a second number of soft errors experienced by the semiconductor-based device exposed to neutrons generated by the second treatment beam, and determination of a second neutron dose at the target based on the association between the first energy, the first number of soft errors and the first neutron dose.

Abstract: A neutron detector that includes a hollow member extending along and circumscribing an axis. The hollow member has an interior surface and bounds a volume. The detector also includes an anode extending within the volume. The detector also includes a cathode that includes at least one fin extending within the volume. The fin has a substrate material with at least one surface. At least part of the interior surface of the hollow member and the surface of the at least one fin have neutron sensitive material thereon.

Abstract: A neutron detector includes an anode and a cathode. The cathode circumscribes the anode and has a plurality of planar segments facing the anode. In one embodiment, the neutron detector is part of an array of neutron detectors.

Abstract: A neutron detector array that includes a hollow member circumscribing an axis and bounding a volume. A divider extends parallel to the axis within the hollow member to divide the volume into a plurality of volume portions. A plurality of anodes extend parallel to the axis; at least one anode within each volume portion. A plurality of cathodes wherein the hollow member has an interior surface and the divider has surfaces that are coated with neutron sensitive material. Also, a neutron detector that includes a hollow cathode bounding a volume portion with at least a partial wedge cross-section, and an anode extending thought the volume portion. An electric field exists during operation of the neutron detector within the volume portion, the electric field varying across the cross-section, and the anode being located at an area of maximum field strength within the field. The detector may be used in the array.

Abstract: A neutron detector including an anode and a cathode. The cathode extends proximate the anode and has a face including boron. The face has varied topography. The varied provides increased surface density.

Abstract: A neutron detector that includes an anode and a cathode. The cathode includes at least one portion that has a porous substrate with surface segments that define open pores and a layer of neutron sensitive material on the surface segments of the porous substrate.

Abstract: A device for deflecting a particle beam out of a beam axis, or for guiding a particle beam into the beam axis, has a simple design, requires little space, and additionally ensures that no area of an object that is not to be struck is struck by a particle beam. The device may include components in the following sequence along the beam axis: first deflection element, a magnetic apparatus for providing a magnetic field axially to the beam axis, and a second deflection element. A particle beam apparatus may have a device of this type.

Abstract: A sample measuring method and a charged particle beam apparatus are provided which remove contaminants, that have adhered to a sample in a sample chamber of an electron microscope, to eliminate adverse effects on the subsequent manufacturing processes. To achieve this objective, after the sample measurement or inspection is made by using a charged particle beam, contaminants on the sample are removed before the next semiconductor manufacturing process. This allows the contaminants adhering to the sample in the sample chamber to be removed and therefore failures or defects that may occur in a semiconductor fabrication process following the measurement and inspection can be minimized.

Abstract: A fluorescence detection method allows fluorescence intensity detection from a fluorescently-labeled biological sample with high accuracy in shorter time, even when a fluorescence intensity from a microchip itself acting as background. A fluorescence intensity from an equivalent microchip, which is equivalent to a microchip with the fluorescently-labeled biological sample, is detected for a period from the start of application of excitation light until the intensity sufficiently attenuates, and a temporal change of the intensity is stored. The light is applied to the microchip and the sample is fed before the fluorescence intensity from the microchip sufficiently attenuates to detect the fluorescence intensity for a period from the start of application of the light to a point after the sample is fed. Values of the temporal change are subtracted from the intensity detected from the microchip with the sample to detect an intensity of fluorescence emitted from the sample.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device (30, 125) for imaging an interior of an optically turbid medium (40). Light from a light source (35) is coupled into the turbid medium (40). Detection light emanating from the turbid medium (40) as a result of coupling (5) light from the light source (35) into the turbid medium (40) is collected. A first characteristic and a second characteristic of collected detection light are measured simultaneously. Next, the ratio of a first linear combination of the measured characteristics and a second linear combination of the measured characteristics is taken based on the recognition that the noise in both linear combinations is correlated.

Abstract: The present invention provides kits and methods for composition ratio control based on dyes that are designed to enable energy transfer between each other. In more detail, with the method of the present invention it is possible to verify the mixing ratio of a first component comprising a first dye with a second component comprising a second dye.

Abstract: A method for using information encrypted with a nucleic acid molecule to backtrack an item's path or identify a point of origin. Unique nucleic acid-containing tags are seeded at one or more geographic locations. Using sequence analysis techniques, the person or object of interest is examined for the presence of one or more of the seeded nucleic acids. The geographic location associated with each detected nucleic acid is used to backtrack the item's path or extrapolate a probable point of origin.

Abstract: A flare evaluation method includes: extracting DC flare reference data using a preliminary measurement pattern mask and a dummy mask having an open region in which a preliminary measurement pattern is formed; providing a plurality of flare gauge sets including an opaque pad, a measurement pattern, and a flare pattern, the measure pattern being disposed at an inside of the opaque pad to measure strength of a flare, the flare pattern being disposed at an outside of the opaque pad to generate the flare; and detecting a change of a photo resist measurement pattern caused by the flare pattern and the measurement pattern for each of the flare gauge sets, wherein an outer radius of the flare pattern increases by a predetermined amount depending on the flare gauge set.

Abstract: A system for altering a functionality of an optical article from a pre-activated state to an activated state, comprising an optical article comprising an optical data layer for storing data, an external radiation source for generating an external stimulus adapted to interact with the optical article, such interaction causing a change in optical accessibility of optically stored data, a directing material, wherein said directing material is for directing the external stimulus to selective portions of the optical article, thereby altering the functionality of the optical article from a pre-activated state to an activated state; a convertible element capable of responding to the external stimulus to irreversibly alter the optical article from the pre-activated state of functionality to the activated state of functionality, wherein said convertible element comprises a color-shift dye, a magnetic material, a thermo-chromic material, a magneto-optical material, a light scattering material, a phase-change material,

Abstract: Deterministic generation of nonclassical photons by producing a dilute gas of exciton-polaritons in a solid-state microcavity that includes a periodic array of potential well traps. A photon-exciton frequency detuning is modulated in the microcavity to produce a polaritonic quantum phase transition from a superfluid state to a Mott-insulator state. The nonclassical photons are then generated simultaneously by radiative decay of exciton-polaritons in the microcavity. The nonclassical photons may be indistinguishable single photons, in which case the dilute gas of exciton-polaritons is produced such that on to average there is one polariton per potential well trap. Alternatively, the generated nonclassical photons may be polarization-entangled photon pairs, in which case the dilute gas of exciton-polaritons is produced such that on average there are two polaritons per potential well trap.

Abstract: A device is described herein which may comprise a chamber, a fluid line, a pressurized source material in the fluid line, a component restricting flow of the source material into the chamber, a sensor measuring flow of a fluid in the fluid line and providing a signal indicative thereof, and a pressure relief valve responsive to a signal to reduce a leak of source material into the chamber in the event of a failure of the component.

Abstract: A system and method generating an extreme ultraviolet light in an extreme ultraviolet light chamber including a collector mirror, a droplet generation system having a droplet outlet aligned to output a plurality of droplets along a target material path and a first catch including a first open end substantially aligned to the target material path and at least one internal surface oriented toward a second end of the first catch, the second end being opposite from the first open end.

Abstract: A system and method for an extreme ultraviolet light chamber comprising a collector mirror, a cooling system coupled to a backside of the collector mirror operative to cool a reflective surface of the collector mirror and a buffer gas source coupled to the extreme ultraviolet light chamber.

Abstract: An extreme ultraviolet light system includes a drive laser system, an extreme ultraviolet light chamber including an extreme ultraviolet light collector and a target material dispenser including a target material outlet capable of outputting a plurality of portions of target material along a target material path, wherein the target material outlet is adjustable. The extreme ultraviolet light system further includes a drive laser steering device, a detection system including at least one detector directed to detect a reflection of the drive laser reflected from the first one of the plurality of portions of target material and a controller coupled to the target material dispenser, the detector system and the drive laser steering device.