Abstract: Embodiments of the subject invention relate to a gas sensor and method for sensing one or more gases. An embodiment incorporates an array of sensing electrodes maintained at similar or different temperatures, such that the sensitivity and species selectivity of the device can be fine tuned between different pairs of sensing electrodes. A specific embodiment pertains to a gas sensor array for monitoring combustion exhausts and/or chemical reaction byproducts. An embodiment of the subject device related to this invention operates at high temperatures and can withstand harsh chemical environments. Embodiments of the device are made on a single substrate. The devices can also be made on individual substrates and monitored individually as if they were part of an array on a single substrate. The device can incorporate sensing electrodes in the same environment, which allows the electrodes to be coplanar and, thus, keep manufacturing costs low.

Abstract: One embodiment comprises a directional coupler system comprising a substrate having a top surface and a backside surface, with the backside surface comprising a metalization ground portion and an unmetalized portion. A power line is coupled to the top surface, with the power line having an input adapted to receive a power signal, a first trace coupled to the input, a second trace in parallel with the first trace and coupled to the input, and an output coupled to the first and second traces and adapted to emit the power signal. A sensor line is coupled to the backside surface unmetalized portion, with the sensor line adapted to emit a sensor line signal having a sensor line signal level generally proportional to the power signal. Finally, a thermo-conductive base platform coupled to the metalized portion of the backside surface.

Abstract: A system includes a sampling module, a counter module, and a frequency characteristic module. The sampling module samples radio frequency (RF) signals on a first channel for a first predetermined period and a second predetermined period that is subsequent to the first predetermined period. The counter module increments first and second counts when the samples collected during the first and second predetermined periods reverse polarity, respectively. The frequency characteristic module determines a frequency of the RF signal based on at least one of the first and the second counts and determines frequency variation of the RF signal based on the first and second counts.

Abstract: A peak phase error circuit including phase difference logic and delay and register logic. The phase difference logic provides a pulse difference signal including at least one difference pulse indicative of a timing difference between selected edges of a pair of clock signals. The delay and register logic receives the pulse difference signal and provides a peak phase error value representing peak phase error between the clock signals. The delay and register logic may include a delay line with multiple delay cells and taps coupled in series in which each tap provides an output state of a delay cell. The register logic registers a state of each tap to provide delay bits in response to each trailing edge of the difference pulses. Each delay bit remains set until reset so that the longest pulse difference signal is registered to provide the peak phase error.

Abstract: An apparatus, for measuring an applied electrical field and for reducing perturbation to the electrical field being measured, includes a laser integrated into an electro optic crystal sensor head prior to the output fiber. A probe beam is passed along the crystal direction of low birefringence of nearly circular optical indicatrix, rather than one of high EO modulation. The EO crystal is placed between two crossed polarizers and oriented such that a small tilt angle is subtended between its optic axis and the path of the probe beam. Improved optical coupling is achieved by using a large core multimode fiber at the output, to reduce optical insertion losses. A collimating lens emits the intensity modulated laser beam back to a photodetector, where the intensity modulated laser beam is converted to an electrical signal representing both field strength and phase of the electrical field applied to the sensor head.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement for the potential-free measurement of current flowing in two primary conductors (13, 14) arranged in parallel in opposite directions of each other, wherein the magnetic differential field is detected by means of a differential field sensor (12). In order to reduce measuring errors, the primary conductors (13, 14) and the differential field sensor (12) are disposed between two metal parts that are configured as shield plates (1, 2) made of a highly permeable material, each having a web (3 or 6). The webs (3, 6) extend on both sides of the arrangement of the primary conductors (13, 14) substantially in the direction thereof parallel to the arrangement. At least one of the shield plates (1, 2) is configured in a U-shape in cross-sectional planes, having one pair of limbs (4, 5; 7, 8) each, which extend at a right angle in a longitudinal direction to the U-shaped cross-sectional planes.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for the measurement of power consumption at points of interest, such as circuit breakers, machines, and the like. Accordingly, means are provided for measurement of power consumption for each electrical sub-network that is controlled by a circuit breaker. Each apparatus is enabled to communicate its respective data, in an environment of a plurality of such apparatuses, to a management unit which is enabled to provide finer granularity power consumption profiles. Challenges of measuring relatively low supply currents, wireless operation in an environment of a large number of apparatuses, and self-powering are addressed.

Abstract: An apparatus for supporting a load includes pneumatic units and couplers coupled to opposite sides of the load. The couplers move the load parallel to a first axis responsive to actuation of the pneumatic units. At least one of the couplers rotate the load about a second axis orthogonal to the first axis. The load is compliant along the first axis and about the second axis At least one of the pneumatic units provides compliance along the first axis and about the second axis.

Abstract: A 2-wire, loop-powered shaft rotational speed sensor device that outputs a 4-20 mA current in response to the shaft rotational speed. The device is comprised of a sensor that senses an output from a sensor disk and outputs a series of voltage pulses whose frequency varies with the shaft rotational speed. A microcontroller measures this pulse frequency and generates a digital code representative of that frequency. A digital-to-analog converter generates an analog waveform in response to the digital code. A loop-powered, voltage-to-current circuit generates the output current in response to the analog waveform.

Abstract: A magnetic field has a threshold that adapts in relation to a magnitude of a magnetic field signal representative of a movement of an object. A corresponding method adapts a threshold in relation to a magnitude of a magnetic field signal representative of a movement of an object.

Abstract: A method for changing qubit encoding for implementation of a quantum computational gate is disclosed. Such a method may include providing first and second qubits encoded in a plurality of non-abelian anyons according to a first encoding scheme. The first encoding scheme may not be suitable for implementing a certain topologically protected quantum computational gate, such as an entangling gate, for example. Successive topological charge measurements may be performed on at least a subset of the anyons until the qubits are encoded according to a second encoding scheme. The second encoding scheme may be different from the first encoding scheme, and may be suitable for implementing the gate.

Abstract: A system for testing electromagnetic characteristics of an electromagnetic steel sheet includes: a driving unit operable based on a non-sinusoidal wave control signal from a control unit and a floating voltage to output a control output; a power output unit operable based on the control output from the driving unit to output a voltage output at an output side coupled across a first winding wound around the electromagnetic steel sheet such that an exciting current flowing through the first winding is generated in response to the voltage output, thereby resulting in an induced voltage across a second winding wound around the electromagnetic steel sheet; and a measuring unit outputting to the control unit an output corresponding to the exciting current and the induced voltage measured thereby such that the control unit obtains the electromagnetic characteristics of the electromagnetic steel sheet based on the output.

Abstract: A rotation angle sensor includes a rotation shaft, a yoke which is made from a magnetic permeable material and includes a first disk portion, a second disk portion and a connection portion magnetically connecting the first disk portion and the second disk portion, the first disk portion and the second disk portion being provided on the rotation shaft in an axial direction of the rotation shaft separately, a first permanent magnet and a second permanent magnet, each having a disk shape which has a uniform plate thickness in a circumferential direction thereof, and which are provided on a first face of the first disk portion and a second face of the second disk portion respectively, the first face being opposed to the second face, a magnetic field detection section which is provided between the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet, and generates an output signal in response to an intensity of a magnetic field formed by the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet during a rotatio

Abstract: A magnetic field sensor which has a simple configuration and is capable of detecting a magnetic field with high sensitivity, including a vessel containing a dispersion in which magnetic particles are dispersed, a light source which irradiates the vessel with light, and light intensity measurement means arranged on an opposite side of the vessel from the light source for measuring the intensity of transmitted light having passed through the vessel, as needed.

Abstract: A technique utilizes the acquisition of data via nuclear magnetic resonance at multiple depths of investigation in a well region. The acquired data is processed to estimate variable fluid mixture densities at different radial depths. The variable fluid mixture densities and a radial response from a density tool, for example, can be used to calculate an effective fluid mixture density and used to interpret density logs. Other logs such as neutron log, induction resistivity log, and dielectric permittivity log can be combined with NMR. For these tools a corresponding effective formation property can be calculated and used to determine other formation characteristics, such as total porosity, total density, dielectric permittivity, electric resistivity, and formation characteristics derivable from these.

Abstract: Evaluating a formation by lowering a downhole tool in a wellbore penetrating the formation, injecting a fluid into the formation at an injection zone via the downhole tool, and using a formation evaluation sensor to perform a measurement at each of a plurality of locations in the wellbore each proximate the injection zone. At least two of the plurality of measurements are compared, and a formation property is determined based on the comparison.

Abstract: A method for measuring flow rate of at least one fluid in a multi-phase fluid comprises: providing a magnetic resonance module through which the fluid phases flow and at least one pre-polarization module of variable effective length upstream of the magnetic resonance module; and conducting a measurement by: i) setting the pre-polarization module to have a first effective length, ii) applying a RF pulse sequence to the fluid in the magnetic resonance module, iii) determining the intensity of a pre-determined number of spin echoes produced by the RF pulse sequence, iv) determining a line approximating the attenuation of the intensity during the RF sequence, v) determining slope and y-intercept of the line, vi) determining the ratio of the slope and intercept, vii) applying a calibration between the slope:intercept ratio and multi-phase flow rate so as to determine the flow velocity of the fluid in the multi-phase fluid.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described wherein a micro sample of a fluidic material may be assayed without sample contamination using NMR techniques, in combination with magnetoresistive sensors. The fluidic material to be assayed is first subject to pre-polarization, in one embodiment, by passage through a magnetic field. The magnetization of the fluidic material is then subject to an encoding process, in one embodiment an rf-induced inversion by passage through an adiabatic fast-passage module. Thereafter, the changes in magnetization are detected by a pair of solid-state magnetoresistive sensors arranged in gradiometer mode. Miniaturization is afforded by the close spacing of the various modules.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for performing dual modality SPECT/MRI imaging on an object in combination with a whole-body MRI system includes a collimated nuclear radiation detector for receiving radiation from the object, and a radiofrequency MRI coil enveloping the object and interfaced with the collimated nuclear radiation detector. The MRI coil and collimated detector are arranged and configured for disposition within the whole-body MRI system.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an effective method for measuring by NMR in real time, an NMR-detecting cell for measurement of NMR, and an NMR-measuring apparatus. Specifically, there has been found out a method for measuring NMR wherein a measurement sample is immobilized in a medium in an NMR-detecting cell that is an NMR detection part within an NMR-measuring magnet, and then measured by solution NMR in real time under the condition that the external environment around the immobilized measurement sample is consecutively changing. This finding completes the present invention.

Abstract: A spin locked balanced steady-state free precession (slSSFP) pulse sequence combines a balanced gradient echo acquisition with an off-resonance spin lock pulse for fast MRI. The transient and steady-state magnetization trajectory is solved numerically using the Bloch equations and is shown to be similar to balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) for a range of T2/T1 and flip angles, although the slSSFP steady-state could be maintained with considerably lower RF power. In both simulations and brain scans performed at 7 T, slSSFP is shown to exhibit similar contrast and SNR efficiency to bSSFP, but with significantly lower power.

Abstract: The invention provides a high resolution proton nuclear magnetic reonance and imaging (NMR/MRI) in microtesla magnetic fields by using high critical temperature (high-Tc) superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer via a flux transformer. Both the SQUID and the input coupling coil are installed inside a superconducting vessel which shields environmental noise and set the SQUID in a stable operation condition. The present invention also offers the advantages of preserving the NMR signal even if the sample is far away from the SQUID detector.

Abstract: A system for respiratory motion compensated MR imaging or spectroscopy, comprises an MR imaging system. The MR imaging system performs a single imaging scan including, acquiring a first imaging data set representing a spatially localized first imaging region located on a patient diaphragm, using a first RF excitation pulse sequence and by transmitting a nuclei excitation first resonant frequency and receiving data substantially at the first resonant frequency. The MR imaging system derives data representing diaphragm position over a respiratory cycle using the first imaging data set, in the single imaging scan.

Abstract: A system for parallel image processing in MR imaging uses multiple MR imaging RF coils to individually receive MR imaging data representing a slice of patient anatomy. An MR imaging system uses the multiple RF coils to acquire corresponding multiple image data sets of the slice. A coil selection processor determines a prioritized ranking of the multiple RF coils by ranking individual coils of the multiple RF coils based on correlation with remaining coils of the multiple RF coils. The correlation being determined by determining degree of correlation of image data sets acquired by respective coils of the multiple RF coils. The coil selection processor selects a subset of the multiple RF coils using the ranking. An image generator generates a composite MR image using image data sets provided by the selected subset of the multiple RF coils excluding image data sets provide by remaining coils of the multiple RF coils.

Abstract: In a method and magnetic resonance apparatus to display progress of the acquisition of measurement data of an examination region of an examination subject during continuous travel of the examination region through a magnetic resonance apparatus, a current projection image is calculated on the basis of current measurement data acquired from central k-space during the continuous travel of the examination region, and the currently calculated projection image is displayed. By the calculation of the projection images on the basis of measurement data from central k-space, this calculation can ensue particularly quickly and with little effort. A particularly fast display of the projection images is therefore possible. A projection image can be calculated particularly quickly and simply from measurement data along a central k-space line—i.e. a k-space line that runs through the center of k-space—using a one-dimensional Fourier transformation along this central k-space line.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for the acquisition of measurement data of an examination region of an examination subject (in particular a patient) during continuous travel of the examination region through a magnetic resonance apparatus for the generation of an image data set, the continuous travel is interrupted and resumed at least once. The examination region is moved back by a predeterminable distance counter to the travel direction of the continuous travel before interrupting the continuous travel. Moving the examination region back makes it possible to interrupt and resume an acquisition of measurement data given (otherwise) continuous travel of the examination region, without loss of measurement data. The time during the interruption can be used advantageously for preparation of an acquisition of measurement data in the portion of the examination region of the patient that is to be examined after the interruption of the continuous travel.

Abstract: Techniques for designing RF pulses may be configured to produce improved magnitude profiles of the resulting magnetization by relaxing the phase constraint and optimizing the phase profiles. In one embodiment, a spinor-based, optimal control, optimal phase technique may be used to design arbitrary-tip-angle (e.g., large and small tip angle) RF pulses (both parallel transmission and single channel). In another embodiment, small tip angle RF pulses (both parallel transmission and single channel) may be designed using a small-tip-angle (STA) pulse design without phase constraint that is formulated as a parameter optimization problem.

Abstract: Magnetic Resonance Imaging with imaging coils at least partially formed from carbon-based nanomaterials possessing high Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (SNR) are disclosed. The imaging or Radio Frequency receiving coils are constructed with a locally ballistic electrical conductor such as carbon in the form of a macroscopic configuration of carbon nanotubes or variations thereof whose resistance does not increase significantly with length over appropriate local length scales. Due to their enhanced SNR properties, the nanomaterial imaging coils and arrays including the nanomaterial imaging coils can result in significant improvements in imaging with MRI systems. The nanomaterial imaging coils include metal conductors deposited on ends of the coils.

Abstract: A test assembly for a circuit breaker with a single pole module having first and second conduction paths electrically isolated from each other via an interior wall of the module and a circuit board. The test assembly includes an axle at an upper portion of the interior wall and having a first end and a second end extending along opposite sides of the interior wall, a test actuation member configured to be actuated, and a spring in operable communication with the test actuation member and in signal communication with the circuit board. The spring contacts the test actuation member and the first end of the axle when the test actuation member is actuated, the axle conducts an electrical signal to the spring, and the spring provides a test signal to the circuit board initiating a test operation of the circuit breaker.

Abstract: In a lifetime estimating method for a rechargeable lithium battery, the open circuit voltages of the rechargeable lithium battery after discharging for at least two different charge/discharge cycle numbers are detected while charge/discharge cycles go on. Next, at least the two of the voltage values are plotted for respective cycle numbers, and a circular arc passing the plotted points is drawn. Furthermore, the lifetime of the rechargeable lithium battery is estimated based on a size of the circular arc. The progression of deterioration can be suppressed by controlling the charge and discharge of the rechargeable lithium battery based on the lifetime estimation.

Abstract: There is provided an impedance measuring system which can accurately measure the impedance of a fuel cell. A motor rotation number detection unit successively detects the rotation number of a motor controlled by an inverter and outputs the detection result to a superposition signal generation unit The superposition signal generation unit sets the frequency of an impedance measuring signal to a non-resonant frequency so that the control signal of the motor not resonate with the impedance measuring signal. Thus, by setting the frequency of the impedance measuring signal to the non-resonant frequency, the resonance with the motor is suppressed, which can improve impedance measurement accuracy.

Abstract: An ambulatory infusion device for infusion of a liquid drug into a patient's body over an extended period of time and methods thereof are disclosed. The device includes a sensor assembly, which produces a sensor assembly output based on an infusion characteristic of the ambulatory infusion device and based on a supply voltage/current, and a supply unit which is coupled to a sensor of the sensor assembly and generates the supply voltage/current. A sensor testing unit detects a failure of the sensor assembly, wherein the sensor testing unit is coupled to the sensor assembly and the supply unit, and the sensor testing unit carries out a sensor testing sequence. The sensor testing sequence includes controlling the supply unit so as to produce a variation of the supply voltage/current, and determining whether the variation of the supply voltage/current produces a corresponding variation of the sensor assembly output.

Abstract: An integrated circuit (10) comprises a functional circuit (12a-c) that contain information that must be secured against unauthorized access. The integrated circuit comprises a test access circuit (14, 16) coupled to the functional circuit (12a-c), and a plurality of fuse elements (18) coupled to the test access circuit (14, 16). The fuse elements (18) are connected in a circuit configuration that makes the functional circuit (12a-c) consistently accessible via the test access circuit (14, 16) only when first fuse elements (18) of the plurality are in a blown state and second fuse elements (18) of the plurality are in a not-blown state. As a result the integrated circuit can be tested after selectively blowing all of the first fuse elements (18). After testing at least part of the second fuse elements (18) is blown.

Abstract: A system and method for testing size of vias reads a component group from a storage system and reads a via size of each via in the component group. If the via size of a via accords with a standard size corresponding to the component group, the via is determined as a qualified via. If the via size of a via does not accord with the standard size, the via is determined as an unqualified via. The unqualified via is highlighted on a printed circuit board (PCB) design map displayed on a display.

Abstract: A processing device is provided with a circuit connected to a first conductive portion and a second conductive portion. An AC voltage source produces an AC waveform voltage obtained by adding a bias voltage to an AC voltage for capacitance measurement. The AC waveform voltage is applied between the first conductive portion and the second conductive portion through the measurement probes. The moment the AC waveform voltage is applied to the circuit with a switch closed, an inrush current flows through the circuit based on a potential difference of the bias voltage. This inrush current causes dielectric breakdown in the conductive resin, thereby securing the continuity of the conductive resin. With the continuity of the conductive resin secured, a capacitance of the piezoelectric body is measured by the AC waveform voltage, and it is determined whether or not the piezoelectric body is normal.

Abstract: Terminals of a device under test are connected to corresponding contact pads or leads by a series of electrically conductive contacts. Each terminal testing connects with both a “force” contact and a “sense” contact. In one embodiment, the sense contact partially or completely laterally surrounds the force contact, so that it need not have its own resiliency. The sense contact has a forked end with prongs that extend to opposite sides of the force contact. Alternatively, the sense contact surrounds the force contact and slides laterally to match a lateral translation component of a lateral cross-section of the force contact during longitudinal compression of the force contact. Alternatively, the sense contact includes rods that have ends on opposite sides of the force contact, and extend parallel.

Abstract: A compact and easy to use female connector testing tool includes an outer housing containing a movable plunger. A male connection end is attached to one end of the movable plunger. A predetermined resistive force is provided between the outer housing and the plunger to provide adequate resistance against movement between them. As the tool is pulled away from the female connector, in which the male connection end is inserted, the plunger moves with respect to the outer housing. An indicator indicates if the female connector has passed (and is good) or has failed. The indicator may be used to provide measurements of the pullout or push-in force required to remove or insert the male connector from the female connector. The indicator may include a pass/fail indicator, a graded scale, an electronic display or audible display. A mechanical pullout mechanism may be used to provide a fast test of the holding resistance of the female connector.

Abstract: A capacitance sensing section senses a capacitance between first and second electrodes. A temperature sensing section senses fuel temperature. A microcomputer functions as a concentration sensing section and senses a concentration of ethanol contained in fuel based on the capacitance sensed by the capacitance sensing section and the temperature sensed by the temperature sensing section. The microcomputer functions as an abnormality detecting section and performs abnormality determination to determine that an abnormality has occurred in the capacitance sensing section when the capacitance sensed by the capacitance sensing section does not change and the temperature sensed by the temperature sensing section changes. Since a dielectric constant has such a temperature characteristic that the dielectric constant changes with the temperature, the abnormality detecting section can detect occurrence of the abnormality in the capacitance sensing section.

Abstract: A method and the device for position detection are disclosed. The device comprises a plurality of conductive strips intersecting each other to form a plurality of intersecting regions. A pair of depressed strips intersecting on any intersecting region contact each other to form a depressed intersecting region. When a high voltage and a low voltage are separately provided to the first ends of each pair of overlapping strips, the voltages at the second ends of each pair of overlapping strips are detected so as to determine each depressed intersecting regions.

Abstract: Inductive sensor module comprising a coil arrangement and a carrier, on which electronic components are arranged, wherein the coil arrangement is arranged on a first side of the carrier and the electronic components are arranged on a second side of the carrier directed away from the first side.

Abstract: A capacitance touch sensing device that detects the touch of a user against a surface of a door handle on the outside of a vehicle includes an upper sensor electrode provided in an upper portion of the door handle, a lower sensor electrode provided in a lower portion of the door handle, an upper detecting portion that detects when the user has touched an upper surface of the door handle based on output from the upper sensor electrode, and a lower detecting portion that detects when the user has touched a lower surface of the door handle based on output from the lower sensor electrode. The detection sensitivity of one of the upper detecting portion or the lower detecting portion is lower than the detection sensitivity of the other.

Abstract: A method for operating an MOX gas sensor is provided for measuring a gas concentration present in the environment. The MOX sensor is heated by an electric current source, and an electric output quantity of the sensor representing a gas concentration being detected and analyzed is generated. The MOX sensor is discontinuously heated at discrete measuring times by the electric current source, and a measured value representing the gas concentration is generated from the electric output quantity of the sensor detected during the discrete measuring times. A device for operating the MOX gas sensor is additionally is provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of distinguishing between a specimen and a control solution in a system for analyzing a specific component within the specimen using an analysis tool. The distinguishing method includes a first step (S2) of measuring a response value when a voltage is applied between first and second electrodes of the analysis tool, a second step (S3) of comparing a maximum value of the response value or a value associated with the maximum value to a predetermined threshold value, and a third step (S4) of distinguishing between the specimen and the control solution based on the result of the comparison between the maximum value or the associated value and the threshold value.

Abstract: A circuit for detecting variation of a resistance value of a resistor with respect to a reference value includes a first resistor; a second resistor; a first current source circuit for supplying current to the first resistor; a second current source circuit for supplying current to the second resistor; a voltage comparator circuit for comparing a voltage across the first resistor and a voltage across the second resistor; and a control circuit for digitally adjusting the supply current of at least one of the first or second current source circuit. A ratio of resistance values of the first and second resistors can be obtained from an adjustment value from the control circuit and result of comparison from the voltage comparator circuit.

Abstract: A power monitoring system that reduces the need for transient voltage suppressors while using current transformers on an associated support operating using a current mode.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit includes a sense amplifier for sensing input data and a sense amplifier controller for blocking a signal path between the sense amplifier and a memory cell when a test mode signal is activated.

Abstract: A test and measurement instrument including a port including a plurality of connections; an impedance sense circuit configured to sense an impedance coupled to a connection of the plurality of connections; and a controller configured to setup the test and measurement instrument in response to a sensed impedance from the impedance sense circuit.

Abstract: An interconnect structure employs a closed-grid bus to link an integrated circuit tester channel to an array of input/output (I/O) pads on a semiconductor wafer so that the tester channel can concurrently communicate with all of the I/O pads. The interconnect structure includes a circuit board implementing an array of bus nodes, each corresponding to a separate one of the I/O pads. The circuit board includes at least two layers. Traces mounted on a first layer form a set of first daisy-chain buses, each linking all bus nodes of a separate row of the bus node array. Traces mounted on a second circuit board layer form a set of second daisy-chain buses, each linking all bus nodes of a separate column of the bus node array. Vias and other circuit board interconnect ends of the first and second daisy-chain buses so that they form the closed-grid bus. Each bus node is connected though a separate isolation resistor to a separate contact pad mounted on a surface of the circuit board.

Abstract: A probe measurement system comprises a probe with a linear array of probe tips enabling a single probe to be used when probing a test structure with a differential signal

Abstract: A flexure band can comprise structures configured to have elastic properties. Such a band can be stretched but will return generally to its original shape after forces that stretched the band are removed. The flexure band can hold one or more temperature control devices against a peripheral edge of a stiffening frame in a probe card assembly, or the flexure band can itself be a temperature control device. The band can be made of a metal that can be selected to impart one or more of the following properties: low thermal conductivity, high specific heat, generates little to no appreciable contamination, and/or usable over a wide range of temperatures. A material can be added to the band as a full or partial coating that enhances or adds one or more of the above-mentioned possible properties of the metal band.