Abstract: A MEMS gyroscope includes: a microstructure having a fixed structure, a driving mass, movable with respect to the fixed structure according to a driving axis, and a sensing mass, mechanically coupled to the driving mass so as to be drawn in motion according to the driving axis and movable with respect to the driving mass according to a sensing axis, in response to rotations of the microstructure; and a driving device, for keeping the driving mass in oscillation with a driving frequency. The driving device includes a discrete-time sensing interface, for detecting a position of the driving mass with respect to the driving axis and a control stage for controlling the driving frequency on the basis of the position of the driving mass.

Abstract: A MEMS sensor is provided with a substrate and a sensor element. The sensor element moves in response to an influence registered by the sensor primarily in an oscillating turn around a sensor axis that is parallel to the substrate. The sensor has an anchor arranged on the substrate in order to hold the sensor element onto the substrate. A connecting element arranges the sensor element on the anchor.

Abstract: The present invention provides, in a physical quantity measuring system using a vibrator, a supporting structure of a vibrator for reducing the zero-point temperature drift of detection signal. It is provided a supporting member for supporting a vibrator with bonding wires. The supporting member has a supporting plate with an opening formed therein to be positioned direct under a vibrator, and a bonding wire comprising a bonding end to be bonded with the vibrator, a fixed portion fixed on the supporting plate and a bent portion direct under the opening. A distance “L1” between the bent portion and a position where the bonding wire starts to protrude from the supporting plate is 10 percent or more of a distance “L2” of the bent portion and the bonding end.

Abstract: A semiconductor dynamic quantity sensor has a substrate including a semiconductor substrate, an insulation layer on a main surface of the semiconductor substrate, and a semiconductor layer on the insulation layer. The main surface has a projection that is trapezoidal or triangular in cross section. The semiconductor layer is divided by a through hole into a movable portion. A tip of the projection is located directly below the movable portion and spaced from the movable portion by a predetermined distance in a thickness direction of the substrate. A width of the tip of the projection is less than a width of the movable portion in a planar direction of the substrate. The distance between the tip of the projection and the movable portion is equal to a thickness of the insulation layer.

Abstract: A micromechanical acceleration sensor for a transport device, in particular a motor vehicle, having a seismic mass. The seismic mass includes an auxiliary mass, and the auxiliary mass is composed of a different material than the seismic mass. Also described is a method for manufacturing an acceleration sensor for a transport device, in particular a motor vehicle, having a seismic mass, an auxiliary mass being provided on/in the seismic mass when forming the seismic mass. Also described is an assembly, apparatus, or device, in particular for a motor vehicle. The assembly, apparatus, or device has a micromechanical acceleration sensor as described, or an acceleration sensor manufactured as described.

Abstract: A microstructure inspecting device 10 which measures a damping characteristic value of a moving portion of a microstructure includes a pressure wave generating device 1 and a pulse generating device 2 which apply an impact to the moving portion without directly contacting the microstructure, and a vibrometer 4 which measures a displacement of the moving portion for a predetermined period of time after the start of free vibration of the moving portion without contacting the moving portion. The pressure wave generating device 1 is a sound wave generating element of thermal excitation type, a piezoelectric sound wave generating element, or an electromagnetic vibration element, and is driven by a pulse signal of the pulse generating device 2.

Abstract: A device forming an operating tool, for non-destructive testing of iron and steel products, intended to extract information on possible defects in the product, from feedback signals captured by transmitting ultrasound sensors, receiving ultrasound sensors forming an arrangement with a selected geometry, assembled to couple in an ultrasound fashion with the product via a liquid medium intermediary, with relative rotation/translation movement between the pipe and arrangement of transducers.

Abstract: A rail section weld inspection device [1000] is described for inspecting a rail [10] for internal defects [19,21]. A central ultrasonic (US) probe [1330] transmits at least one US beam [B] through the rail [10] and receiving a reflected signal. At least one angled US probe [1310] transmits at least one US beam [A1-A5] through the rail [10] at an oblique angle at least partially covering the same region as the central probe [1330]. An encoder identifies the location of the US probes [1330] and [1310] along the rail [10] and pairs the locations of the probes with the signals received. The Calculation device [1500] receives the signals from the US probes and uses their different views to create an image of the flaws within the rail [10].

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for finding, extracting and for providing of echoes with detail functions are described. In particular, an echo extraction method for extracting an echo from an echo function is described. The method comprises receiving the echo function and decomposing the echo function in at least one detail function. The at least one detail function comprises a plurality of first coefficients. Each of the at least one detail functions represents a different degree of detail of the echo function. The degree of detail relates to a form of a base function. Furthermore, the method comprises eliminating at least one of the plurality of first coefficients and applying a reconstruction regulation or scheme, which depends on the form of the base function, for generating a smoothed echo function. Thereafter, at least one echo is determined from the smoothed echo function.

Abstract: In a method and device for ultrasonic testing of a workpiece, a multiplicity of ultrasonic testing pulses are launched into the workpiece from a test surface thereof. At least two ultrasonic testing pulses are launched into the workpiece to be tested at launching points that are spaced apart from one another by a test step width measured along the test surface. A single measured value (?) assigned to a local point located in the workpiece is calculated on the basis of the received signals assigned to the at least two ultrasonic testing pulses.

Abstract: A pressure sensor for side-impact sensing and a method for forming a surface of a protective material for a pressure sensor are provided. In this context, at least one integrated circuit is completely surrounded in a protective material, and the protective material has a cavity into which at least one pressure sensor element is installed, a surface of the protective material being formed such that a pressure-entry channel is formed by the interaction of the surface with at least one housing part. The pressure-entry channel allows for a lateral access to the at least one pressure sensor element.

Abstract: A pressure transmitter for measuring a pressure of a process fluid in an industrial process, includes a pressure sensor having an output related to an applied pressure. Measurement circuitry coupled to the pressure sensor is configured to provide a transmitter output related to sensed pressure. A pressure coupling face having an opening therein is arranged to transfer the applied pressure to the pressure sensor. A pressure coupling flange having a flange face abutting the pressure coupling face is configured to convey the process fluid to the opening of the pressure coupling face. Features are provided to control distribution of a leading force across the pressure coupling face and the flange face.

Abstract: A physical quantity sensor device (10) having a structure in which a stress-sensitive body (1) of which the electric characteristics vary depending upon the application of stress and an insulator (2) having electric insulation are formed being closely adhered together, wherein the stress-sensitive body (1) comprises a thin glass film containing an electrically conductive element that is solidly dissolved therein as atoms, a method of manufacturing the physical quantity sensor device, a piezo-resistive film comprising a thin glass film containing ruthenium that is solidly dissolved therein as atoms, and a method of manufacturing the piezo-resistive film.

Abstract: A transducer including a housing; one or more pressure communicating configurations disposed within the housing; one or more selected pressure chambers in operable communication with the one or more pressure communicating configurations; an environmental chamber in operable communication with one or more of the one or more pressure communicating configurations; and a strain member secured to one or more of the one or more pressure communicating configurations and method.

Abstract: An optical fibre strain sensor array comprises several sensor support panels spaced in its longitudinal direction and at least one connecting member extending in the longitudinal direction, which mechanically interconnects the sensor support panels. An optical fibre is supported by the sensor support panels and the connecting member. The optical fibre extends with the connecting member between the sensor support panels and forms a curve on the sensor support panel, the curve including at least one portion of the optical fibre that extends in the transverse direction. The width of the connecting member is substantially less than the width of the sensor support panels, such that the connecting member is capable of flexure in the transverse direction. This has the advantage that the connecting member can be flexed to take up any slack during installation of the optical fibre strain sensor array in a wind turbine blade and can be fitted to the turbine blade even if the blade has a conical shape.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method are described that determine the compressive strength of a solid by rebound. The method and apparatus have a reduced sensitivity to error sources, i.e. gravity, internal friction and operator interference (unsteady holding of the instrument). The improvements are achieved by contactless measuring of the quotient of rebound to inbound velocity recorded immediately before and after the impact. Matching the mass of the mallet (3) to the plunger (5) yields higher efficiency, less angular variation of the impact energy and lighter weight. Added benefits of the invention are: Extended range of measurement and simplified mechanical adjustments, calibration and maintenance.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for determining the tensile strength of dental materials utilizing a mould. The dental material is placed in the mould and is adhered to a surface. The mould containing the dental material is then engaged with a pulling device which subjects the mould to a measured force to disengage the dental material from the surface. This provides a measure of the tensile strength of the dental material.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing strength of a corner portion of an object includes a support platform, an installation mechanism having a slidable plate mounted on the platform, a force gauge fixed to the slidable plate, a drive mechanism connected to the slidable plate to move the slidable plate, and a push-pull mechanism. The push-pull mechanism is connected to the force gauge to be pushed or pulled by the force gauge and exerts push or pull force on the corner portion of the object.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing object strength includes a support platform, a force gauge for reading push or pull force exerted on an object, an installation mechanism for slidable installation of the force gauge on the support platform, an installation board supporting the object, a pull-push mechanism connected to the force gauge to be pushed or pulled by the force gauge and exert force on the object, and an adjustment mechanism. The adjustment mechanism includes a pedestal secured to the support platform, a slider slidably mounted to the pedestal, an adjustment rod pivotally mounted to the pedestal and threaded into the slider, and a manipulation member fixed to the adjustment rod. The manipulation member rotates the adjustment rod relative to the slider. Thus the slider slides relative to the pedestal. The installation board adjusts the object relative to the support platform.

Abstract: A vortex flowmeter and method includes a conduit for process fluid flow and a shedder disposed within the central bore of the conduit. First and second diaphragms are mounted in inner wall portions of the conduit, on opposite sides of the shedder. A sensor is disposed externally to the conduit, and is coupled to each diaphragm with fill tubes. The diaphragms respond to pressure variations generated by vortex shedding, and transmit pulse trains through the fill tubes to a sensor. The pulse trains, which are substantially out of phase with one another, are effectively synchronized with one another by reversing phase of one pulse train.

Abstract: A device for sensing fluid flow within a pipe, which pipe has a pipe wall, is provided. The device includes a sensor housing and a fluid flow meter. The sensor housing includes at least one pressure vessel enclosure and hardware for mounting the enclosure on an exterior surface of the pipe wall. The enclosure includes a base, side walls, and a cap. The enclosure base has a pipe-side surface that mates with the exterior surface of the pipe wall. The enclosure base and the pipe wall have substantially similar resonant frequencies and acoustic impedance. The sensor housing is adapted to be attached to the pipe wall such that the pipe-side surface of the base is mated with the exterior surface of the pipe wall. The fluid flow meter includes a plurality of ultrasonic sensors disposed within the at least one pressure vessel enclosure. Each sensor has a transmitter and a receiver.

Abstract: An electronic torque wrench includes a wrench member mounted to a wrench handle for receiving one or more strain gages, and a digital display pivotally attached to the wrench handle for allowing the digital display to be pivoted relative to the wrench handle to different angular position and for allowing the digital display to be easily seen by the user and for allowing the bending strain or the torque or the information detected or measured by the strain gages to be easily seen from the displayer. The displayer is pivotable relative to the wrench handle to various or different angular position to allow the displayer to be easily seen by the user.

Abstract: The invention makes it possible to determine a force vector that is applied to a tip of a minimally invasive surgical instrument. The force acts upon the housing, is directed to the base, and causes a deformation there in special beam structures. Said deformation is detected by means of tension-sensitive/extension-sensitive resistors whose changes are a measure for the applied force vector. The inventive measuring element comprises special mounting elements so as to be integrated into tube-type instruments such as guiding wires, fastening zones for additional components, an overload protection, and a head shape that is adapted to the treatment process.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a sampling device for collecting samples having a detachable handle with a threaded portion. The device for collecting samples is further provided having a connecting head with a receiving member whereby the receiving member detachably engages the threaded portion of the handle. An absorbent material is placed about the connecting head wherein the absorbent material is a single piece of generally rectangular material folded at a distal edge of the connecting head and adhered through at least one aperture of the connecting head. The detachable handle with the threaded portion is releasably attached to a connecting head with an absorbent material by rotating the detachable handle into the connecting head in a clockwise direction. The user can rotate the handle in a counter-clockwise direction and easily release the handle from the connecting head with the absorbent material into the collection bag.

Abstract: A duct detector housing includes a housing cover and a housing body defining a midline between the center of a detector and a printed circuit board within said body. Gas inlet and outlets are off axis of the midline to allow water that collects in conventional housing to drain from the housing. A maintenance mode button associated with a duct detector housing cover that is secured to a housing body of the housing provides a preselected time period during which removal of the cover is independent of a cover removal alarm. A printed circuit board within the housing has dedicated terminal blocks providing grouped connections with each of the groups segregated from another. An improved duct detector terminal has a hole in the terminal adapted to receive a test meter probe therethrough to provide an electrical contact between the wire.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a spindle drive having a first load path which is formed by the spindle and having a second load path which is formed by a torsion bar which is exposed to torsion, which is arranged in the spindle and is connected to it such that a rotary movement is exerted onto the spindle in at least one state of the threaded drive by the torsion bar, with the spindle drive having a sensor unit which is made such that it detects a relative movement between the spindle and the torsion bar.

Abstract: A direction-reversing device includes at least one input shaft, an output shaft, and direction-reversing element with a clutch sleeve including a moving clutch sleeve, mounted to move axially on one of the shafts carrying it to enable occupying forward and reverse positions. This device also includes a blocking element that is driven in rotation by the input shaft that carries the moving clutch sleeve, whereby this blocking element is mounted to move between the off position, in which the moving clutch sleeve is able to switch from one operating position to the next, and the on position, in which the blocking element forms an obstacle that prevents the switching of the moving clutch sleeve from one position to the next, being able to switch automatically from the off position to the on position when the input shaft is driven at a speed of rotation that exceeds a predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: A right angle gearbox is described that includes an enclosure, an input member, an output member, and an assembly. The enclosure has dimensions such that the gearbox is operable as a drop in replacement for a gearbox that includes a worm gear set. The input member extends from the enclosure and includes a first portion of a helical gear set housed within the enclosure. The output member extends from the enclosure and includes a second portion of a hypoid gear set housed within the enclosure. The output member is substantially orthogonal to the input member. The assembly includes a second portion of the helical gear set and a first portion of the hypoid gear set mechanically coupled to one another.

Abstract: A double teeth ball screw device includes an elongated screw shaft and a ball nut each having two parallel helical grooves aligned with each other for forming two parallel ball guiding passages between the screw shaft and the ball nut, the ball nut includes two parallel and axially and oppositely extended channels communicative with the ball guiding passages for forming an endless multiple-turn, helical raceway between the screw shaft and the ball nut and for receiving a number of ball bearing members and for facilitating the sliding movement between the screw shaft and the ball nut, a deflecting device is attached to the ball nut for communicating the ball guiding passages with the channels of the ball nut.

Abstract: A motion guide device includes a ball nut attached onto a shaft and having helical grooves and a returning channel for forming an endless ball guiding passage and for receiving a number of ball bearing elements, two deflecting devices are engaged with the ball nut and each include a deflecting pathway communicative with the helical groove and the returning channel of the ball nut and each include a protrusion engaged with a recess of the ball nut for anchoring the deflecting devices to the ball nut, and the deflecting devices each include a connecting surface directed toward the helical groove of the ball nut for guiding the ball bearing elements to smoothly move between the helical groove of the ball nut and the deflecting pathways of the deflecting devices.

Abstract: With reference to FIG. 1, the present invention provides a gearbox (10) which has: an end stop (40) deformed during manufacture to set an exact spacing in the gearbox (10); bearing surfaces engaging a shaft (12) which are roller burnished or swaged; spigots (45-48) which are in a pre-assembly stage of manufacture forced into matching sockets and deformed by this process to set alignment of gearbox casing halves; and a gear (11) which comprises a plastic gear wheel sandwiched between two metal load-bearing elements and secured on the shaft (12) by shoulders rolled in the shaft (12).

Abstract: A worm wheel is provided in which a step is not formed near a tooth face meshing with a worm, and noise does not easily occur during power transmission. A worm wheel 1 includes a circular arc-shaped tooth section 5 that is a portion meshing with a worm 101 and configuring a circular tube worm gear, and a helical tooth section 4 that is connected to one end side of the circular arc-shaped tooth section 5. An angle of torsion at an arbitrary reference point 14 in a tooth depth direction of a tooth 3 on a boundary 7 between the circular arc-shaped tooth section 5 and the helical tooth section 4 is equal to an angle of torsion at a second reference point 15 corresponding to the first reference point 14 in the tooth depth direction of the tooth 3 in a diameter portion P0 of a throat of the circular arc-shaped section 5. As a result, a step is not formed on a tooth face on the boundary 7 between the circular arc-shaped tooth section 5 and the helical tooth section 4.

Abstract: A main shaft for a transmission or a countershaft for a transmission shall be constructed in an especially light-weight manner. The transmission of high torques, such as is the case for the main shaft or countershaft for a transmission, is problematic when the base body of the shaft consists of a fiber composite material. A metal element (20, 22) is now laminated into the base body, and a gearwheel (28, 30) can then be connected to this metal element (20, 22) in a force-fit manner, so that high torques can be transmitted.

Abstract: An actuating device for a gear shifting transmission. The actuating device includes a selector lever which has stable selector lever positions, and a detent mechanism with a detent element and notched gate, the detent element is connected to the selector lever. The notched gate is disposed on a gate shaft that rotates when actuated. The gate shaft includes at least one helical return groove for the detent element. Due to rotation of the gate shaft, the detent element can be transferred from a start position, along the return groove, into a target position. The selector lever position always reflects the actual gear stage of the transmission, even with shift-by-wire-controlled gear shifting transmissions. The driver is provided with reliable visual and tactile feedback about the gear state of the transmission. The actuating device is structurally reliable, has low energy consumption, produces minimal noise, and requires minimal construction space.

Abstract: A shifter for an automatic transmission has a gate plate with a main gate and a sub-gate. A shift lever has a spherical portion and is movable along the main gate and the sub-gate. A switching member enables switching the automatic transmission to a manual operation. The switching member includes a body held in a swingable manner, and a lever holding section integrally formed with the body to rotatably hold the spherical portion. The body is adapted, to be uncoupled from the shift lever so as to place the automatic transmission in a manual mode when the shift lever is swung from the main gate into the sub-gate about the spherical portion and to be coupled to the shift lever so as to return the automatic transmission to an automatic mode when the shift lever is returned from the sub-gate to the main gate.

Abstract: A device for handling and/or performing work operations on objects comprises a first arm (2) and a second arm (3) each exhibiting a first end (2a, 3a) and a second end (2b, 3b); a support body (4) to which the first arm (2) and the second arm (3) are connected; means for supporting and moving (5) associated to the second ends (2b, 3b) of the first arm (2) and the second arm (3); and at least a first linear electric motor (6a) and at least a second linear electric motor (6b), each associated to a respective arm (2, 3) to produce movement thereof.

Abstract: The present invention is an assembly for releasably connecting an end effector in the form of a robotic tool or component to a robotic arm. The connection is manually operated and formed of a first and second joint member including a cylindrical body, a locking collar, and a locking wall extending from the cylindrical body. The locking collar is coaxially aligned with and rotatably connected to the first joint member. The second joint member has a cylindrical mating body and a coupler, and engages the first joint member. The coupler also includes key pins, the pins being engageable in keyed relationship with the locking wall, the coupler and locking collar further includes intervening circumferentially spaced teeth, wherein the collar is rotatable to releasably engage the first joint member with the second joint member.

Abstract: The invention relates to a steering column for a motor vehicle, comprising a bracket (1) which carries an upper jacket unit (3) and a lower jacket unit (5), wherein the jacket units (3, 5) surround a steering shaft (8) rotatably mounted therein, and wherein the jacket units (3, 5) comprise an inner jacket tube (10) and an outer jacket tube (11) which surrounds the inner jacket tube (10) at least in some sections, said jacket tubes being mounted such that they can be displaced one inside the other in their axial direction by means of a plastic sleeve (6) made of thermoplastic which is located therebetween. Freedom from play is achieved in that the plastic sleeve (6) is inserted into the outer jacket tube (11) with a press fit, and in that the outer jacket tube (11) has at least one opening (12), in the region of which the plastic sleeve (6) is pressed against the inner jacket tube (10) by deformation.

Abstract: A remote control for a shock absorber has a gripping body with a first positioning element, a pivoting handle and a positioning assembly. The pivoting handle pivotally connects with the gripping body and has a proximal part and a distal part. The proximal part has an abutting surface facing and selectively abutting the gripping body and a core-fastening hole corresponding to the passing hole of the gripping body. The distal part has a communicating recess formed longitudinally through the distal part and also formed in a bottom of the distal part. The positioning assembly is movably mounted in the communicating recess and has a second positioning element exposed from the bottom of the distal part and corresponding to and detachably engaged with the positioning assembly. A rider is able to conveniently control a shock absorber during riding by using the remote control so that facilitates riding.

Abstract: A throttle grip apparatus is provided with a throttle grip (1) rotatably mounted on a leading end of a handlebar (H) of a vehicle, a magnet (6) which is integrally rotatable with the throttle grip (1), a detector (13) for detecting variations of a magnetic field of the magnet (6) in a non-contact manner so as to detect a rotation angle of the throttle grip (1), and a frictional device (9, 10) for generating a resistance force during a rotation of the throttle grip (1). The resistance force is variable.

Abstract: An operating lever for a wind-surfing or kite board is a two-layer hollow water-drop-shaped pipe. With the water drop shape, the operating lever can be stably gripped by the user, and the undesired slippage of the operating lever can be avoided, so that the user can grip the operating lever more effortlessly. The two-layer hollow structure enhances the structure strength of the operating lever, so that the operating lever can be made of aluminum material without causing the increase of cost.

Abstract: A vehicle operating pedal device including an operating pedal that is disposed on a pedal support fixed to a vehicle so that the operating pedal is pivotable around a support shaft axis, and that is depressed by a driver; a reaction force member to which operating force of the operating pedal is transmitted, and to which reaction force corresponding to the operating force is applied; a pivotal connecting portion disposed between the operating pedal and the reaction force member, or between the operating pedal and an intermediate member that transmits the operating force to the reaction force member, wherein the pivotal connecting portion connects the operating pedal and the reaction force member so that the operating pedal and the reaction force member are relatively pivotable around a connecting pin that is parallel to the support shaft axis, or connects the operating pedal and the intermediate member so that the operating pedal and the intermediate member are relatively pivotable around the connecting pin,

Abstract: The invention relates to a kinetic energy accumulator, comprising a plurality of rotatably mounted accumulator members (100, 198) positioned adjacent one another, an input drive mechanism (116) arranged to impart rotational drive to a first of the accumulator members, and velocity responsive coupling members (106, 192) arranged to provide for magnetic coupling of successive ones of the accumulator members when respective ones of the accumulator members are caused successively to rotate with an angular velocity equal to, or greater than, a predetermined velocity. The accumulator can store kinetic energy and thereby act as source of rotational drive.

Abstract: A dual conic-shaped flying wheel is disclosed. The first and the second conic housings are combined together and the interior of the two housings are filled with a filler such as cement mixture or lead.

Abstract: In a flywheel for mounting as a coupling element between an internal combustion engine and a machine to be driven thereby, including a flywheel flange for connecting the flywheel to the machine and a driver flange for connecting the flywheel to the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, coupling structures are provided between the flywheel flange and the driver flange which coupling structures include insulating connecting areas which electrically insulate the flanges from each other.

Abstract: A lap bar assembly with dual lap bar and grab bar functions. The assembly includes a locking mechanism and a lap bar pivotally mounted to the locking mechanism via a support shaft. The locking mechanism includes a ratchet wheel affixed to the support shaft. A pawl is pivotally supported within the locking mechanism on a pawl support axle parallel to and spaced apart from the lap bar support shaft. The locking mechanism includes a trip cam pivotally attached to the lap bar support shaft. The locking mechanism includes a cam follower that selectively engages the pawl. The locking mechanism is configured to automatically first lock in a first position (or ride position) with the pawl engaging teeth of the ratchet wheel and then second lock in a second position (or released position) with the pawl engaging the ratchet wheel on an uplock surface spaced apart the ratchet teeth.

Abstract: A transmission device for an automotive vehicle of the type includes, mounted on an output shaft formed by at least two wheel drive half-shafts of a vehicle mounted to freely rotate one relative to the other, at least one rotary gearwheel, and two clutch mechanisms with clutch sleeves arranged on both sides of the gearwheel. This device includes, on the one hand, two clutch sleeve configurations: the driving configuration of the gearwheel, and the engine brake configuration of the gearwheel, and, on the other hand, a declutching control mechanism that includes at least one clutch sleeve pilot unit, coaxial to the gearwheel, mounted relative to the gearwheel that moves angularly between two end positions. The declutching pilot unit can be driven into each of the end positions by the two wheel drive half-shafts when they are driven at a speed of rotation that is different from that of the gearwheel.

Abstract: An apparatus, system and method provide gyroscopic propulsion and steering. Specifically, an apparatus, system and method provide inertial or gyroscopic propulsion utilizing the torque of rotating discs and/or weights to create an angular spin or precession. More specifically, rotation of a plurality of discs and/or weights on axes of rotation rotating around a major central axis of rotation creates a net force in a particular direction, allowing for propulsion and/or steering in that direction.

Abstract: A method of recovering silver from a silver chloride mixture in which hydrogen gas is passed through the mixture to produce a metal chloride hydride which is then heated to dissociate the metal and to release hydrogen chloride gas.

Abstract: A method by which the amount of nickel contained in an alloy having a composition represented by Sn—X—Ni can be regulated. The method of nickel concentration regulation comprises adding phosphorus to Sn—X—Ni in a molten state (wherein X is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ag, Zn, Cu, Bi, Au, Ti, Ge, Ga, Si, and Ce), holding the mixture at 250-400° C., and removing the resultant dross floating on the surface of the liquid phase and containing a P—Ni compound and a P—Sn—Ni compound. An example of X is copper, and the content thereof may be 0.3-5 wt %. The phosphorus may be added in the state of a Sn—P alloy. The upper limit of the amount of the phosphorus to be added may be about half the nickel amount in terms of atomic amount.