Abstract: The invention provides synthetic methods that utilize bromo or chloro substituents as blocking groups during the functionalization of aromatic rings, as well as compounds that are prepared from such methods.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of iodinated phenols, —in particular, it relates to a process including the electrochemical iodination of 3,5-disubstituted phenols of formula (1) to the corresponding 3,5-disubstituted-2,4,6-triiodophenols of formula (2), which are useful intermediates for the synthesis of x-ray contrast media, and to the preparation of the contrast media themselves. Furthermore, the present invention includes the electrochemical iodination of 3,5-disubstituted anilines of formula (6) to the corresponding 3,5-disubstituted-2,4,6-triiodoanilins of formula (7).

Abstract: Catalytic processes for the conversion of 2,5-dimethyl furan (DMF) to para-xylene are described. Para-xylene is a key product that is currently obtained commercially from petroleum sources. However, it has now been determined that the cycloaddition of ethylene to DMF provides an alternative route to para-xylene. Advantageously, the DMF starting material for the processes may be synthesized from carbohydrates (e.g., glucose or fructose), thereby providing a pathway that relies at least partly, if not completely, on renewable feedstocks.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the production of an oxygen-containing organic compound by oxidizing an organic compound with molecular oxygen in a liquid phase in the presence both of a catalytic nitrogen-containing cyclic compound and a catalyst including a solid superacid and, supported thereon, a transition metal compound, in which the nitrogen-containing cyclic compound contains, as a ring constituent, a skeleton represented by following Formula (1), wherein X represents an —OR group, and wherein R represents hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl-protecting group. The process gives the oxygen-containing organic compound in a high yield and enables easy recovery and reuse of the catalyst.

Abstract: The aim of the invention is to provide a widely applicable method for the nitration of substituted benzenes.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a molding and a method for producing the same; a catalyst for the production of an unsaturated aldehyde and an unsaturated carboxylic acid, and a method for producing the same; and a catalyst for the production of methacrylic acid, and a method for producing the same. The molding of the present invention shows a shape including a plurality of columnar portions disposed with a predetermined gap; and bridge portions which are provided at both ends in longitudinal directions of two adjacent columnar portions and join adjacent columnar portions each other; and including through holes surrounded by a plurality of columnar portions in the longitudinal directions of the columnar portions, and openings formed on a peripheral surface by a gap between the plurality of adjacent columnar portions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing methacrylic acid by reacting methacrylamide with water, wherein said reaction is performed continuously in a tube reactor and a pressure differential exists in the flow direction of the reaction mixture inside said tube reactor. Furthermore, the present invention discloses a facility for carrying out the method according to the invention.

Abstract: Process for preparing formic acid by hydrogenation of carbon dioxide in the presence of a catalyst comprising an element of group 8, 9 or 10 of the Periodic Table, a tertiary amine and a polar solvent at a pressure of from 0.2 to 30 MPa abs and a temperature of from 20 to 200° C. to form two liquid phases, separation of the two liquid phases, wherein the liquid phase (B) enriched with the tertiary amine is recirculated to the hydrogenation reactor and the formic acid/amine adduct from the liquid phase (A) enriched with the formic acid/amine adduct and the polar solvent is thermally dissociated into free formic acid and free tertiary amine in a distillation unit and the tertiary amine liberated in the dissociation and the polar solvent are recirculated to the hydrogenation reactor.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a hydroxyapatite with silver supported on the surface thereof, a new compound useful as a catalyst for the reaction of producing an amide compound by hydration of the corresponding nitrile compound. The hydroxyapatite with silver supported on the surface thereof according to the present invention is obtained by supporting zero-valent Ag on the surface of a hydroxyapatite. Also provided are a hydroxyapatite with silver supported on the surface thereof used as a catalyst, and a method for producing an amide compound, comprising producing the amide compound by hydration of the corresponding nitrile compound in the presence of a hydroxyapatite with silver supported on the surface thereof having zero-valent Ag supported on the surface of the hydroxyapatite.

Abstract: This invention relates to processes for the production of optically active 2-(disubstituted aryl)cyclopropylamine compounds and optically active 2-(disubstituted aryl)cyclopropane carboxamide compounds which are useful intermediates for the preparation of pharmaceutical agents, and in particular the compound [1S-(1?,2?,3?(1S*,2R*),5?)]-3-[7-[2-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-cyclopropyl]amino]-5-(propylthio)-3H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-3-yl)-5-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-cyclopentane-1,2-diol.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new process which allows the preparation of TS-1 zeolites in a pure phase and with a crystallinity higher than 95%, operating at reduced reaction volumes, and obtaining high productivities and extremely high crystallization yields. The particular crystalline form of the TS-1 zeolite thus prepared, is also described.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for using 123I to radiolabel SnADAM become an serotonin transporter radiotracer(123I -ADAM). At first, there is provided SnADAM solution via mixing SnADAM with ethanol. The SnADAM solution is shaken and further mixed with thin KI solution. The SnADAM solution is mixed with 123I-NH4I solution and H2O2 solution. The SnADAM-123I-NH4I—H2O2 mixture is kept still. Later, the SnADAM solution is mixed with NaHSO3 solution, and the mixture is shaken and further mixed with buffer solution of saturated Na2HPO4. The SnADAM solution is filled in an Accubond C8 column. The Accubond C8 column is washed with sterile water for injection to isolate non-reacting 123I ions. The Accubond C8 column is washed with ethanol, thus providing 123I-ADAM. The 123I-ADAM is blended in normal saline mixture. Millipore Millex GV is used to filter impurities and bacteria from the 123I-ADAM solution.

Abstract: There are provided a 4-(trichloromethylthio)aniline represented by the general formula (II): wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R2 each independently represents a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R3 represents a formyl group, an acetyl group, or a trifluoroacetyl group, and m represents an integer of 0 to 4, a method for producing the same, and a method for producing a 4-(trifluoromethylthio)aniline derivative using the 4-(trichloromethylthio)aniline. It becomes possible to produce a 4-(trifluoromethylthio)aniline with a high yield by using raw materials that can easily be obtained industrially and using general purpose production facilities.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing 4-isopropyl-3-methyl-phenol by alykylizing meta-cresol, distilling, and crystallizing.

Abstract: A biomass-based oil extraction process is disclosed. The process includes the recovery of biomass-based oil and other co-products, including but not limited to steam, electric power and chemicals, from various biomass processes and in particular, a process that involves dry biomass milling methods. The process involves extraction of oil from milled biomass-based products and residues from the fermentation step, including thick stillage, distillers wet grain, distillers dry grain and distillers dry grains with solubles, by the application of an alkyl acetate, phase separation and recovery of the separated matter. A process of drying wet co-product using ethanol and carbon dioxide from the production facility is also disclosed. Also a process for the production of syngas from oil containing or deoiled biomass-based products in a pressurized gasifier is disclosed.

Abstract: This invention improves prior methods of making cobalt-molybdenum-sulfide catalysts for alcohol production from syngas. In one aspect, improved methods are provided for making preferred cobalt-molybdenum-sulfide compositions. In another aspect, processes utilizing these catalysts for producing at least one C1-C4 alcohol, such as ethanol, from syngas are described.

Abstract: Methods and catalysts for producing alcohols, ethers, and/or alkenes from alkanes are provided. More particularly, novel caged, or encapsulated, metal oxide catalysts and processes utilizing such catalysts to convert alkanes to alcohols and/or ethers and to convert alcohols and/or ethers to alkenes are provided.

Abstract: The invention provides an improved process to manufacture 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane (HCFC-244bb) by reacting 2-chloro-3,3,3,-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1233xf) with hydrogen fluoride, in the presence of a fluorination catalyst, where by using 2-chloro-3,3,3,-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1233xf) of high purity, the need to add an oxidizing agent (typically chlorine) to keep the catalyst active can be avoided. The HCFC-244bb is then used as an intermediate in the production of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene-1 (HFO-1234yf).

Abstract: Recovery of a halogenated hydrocarbon is performed by removing the halogenated hydrocarbon from an accompanying gas and/or temporarily storing the halogenated hydrocarbon on sorption filters, and releasing the halogenated hydrocarbon in targeted manner. The halogenated hydrocarbon serves for removal of an expiration gas using a steam carrier. A flow of the halogenated hydrocarbon takes place through two sorbents, (1) a hydrophobic carbon molecular sieve and (2) a hydrophobic zeolite, in two sorbent beds, spatially following one another. Air mixed with steam or steam has a temperature of the gases between 90° C. and 100° C. at normal pressure. In a filter for carrying out theabove recovery method, two filter beds are disposed to spatially follow one another.

Abstract: A phenanthrene derivative is represented by a formula (1) below. In the formula (1), Ar1 and Ar2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms for forming the ring. The aromatic hydrocarbon ring group contains none of anthracene skeleton, pyrene skeleton, aceanthrylene skeleton and naphthacene skeleton. R1 represents a substituent, the number of which may be 0, 1 or more. R1 may be bonded in any position of the phenanthrene skeleton. n and m each represent an integer of 1 to 3. k represents an integer of 0 to 8.

Abstract: A process for preparing fuels, such as diesel fuels or jet fuels, by hydrotreating vegetable oils or fatty acid derivatives that may be applied to existing equipment for treating fossil fuels. The process comprises feeding hydrotreating a combined oxygenate feed stream, such as FAME, and a hydrocarbon feed stream until not more than 86 wt % of the esters in the oxygenate feed stream are converted to hydrocarbons, and optionally further hydrotreating the product stream within at least a second hydrotreatment reaction zone until at least 90 wt % of the esters in the oxygenate feed stream are converted to hydrocarbons, before removing and separating a hydrocarbon stream suitable for use as fuel.

Abstract: Process for the manufacture of at least one ethylene derivative compound starting from a low value residual gas, preferably a ROG, according to which: a) the low value residual gas is subjected to a series of treatment steps in a low value residual gas recovery unit in order to remove the undesirable components present therein and to obtain a mixture of products containing ethylene and other constituents; b) the said mixture of products is separated into a fraction enriched with compounds which are lighter than ethylene, containing part of the ethylene (fraction A), into a fraction enriched with ethylene (fraction B) and into a heavy fraction (fraction C); c) fraction A and fraction B are separately conveyed to the manufacture of at least one ethylene derivative compound.

Abstract: A process and catalyst for use in the selective hydrogenation of acetylene to ethylene is presented. The catalyst comprises a layered structure, wherein the catalyst has an inner core and an outer layer of active material. The catalyst further includes a metal deposited on the outer layer, and the catalyst is formed such that the catalyst has an accessibility index between 3 and 500.

Abstract: Processes utilizing the integration of (i) processes and the associated equipment used to purify and recover propylene from propane- and/or C4+-containing refinery hydrocarbon streams, with (ii) catalytic dehydrogenation are disclosed. This integration allows for elimination of some or all of the conventional fractionation section of the dehydrogenation process, normally used to purify propylene from unconverted propane in the reactor effluent. Significant capital and utility savings are therefore attained.

Abstract: Processes for the conversion of both straight- or branched-chain (e.g., paraffinic) as well as cyclic (e.g., naphthenic) hydrocarbons of a hydrocarbon feedstock into value added product streams are disclosed. The processes involve the use of both dehydrogenation and olefin cracking to produce both light olefins and aromatics in varying proportions depending on the feedstock composition and particular processing scheme. The processes are especially applicable to naphtha feedstocks comprising paraffins and naphthenes in the C5-C11 carbon number range.

Abstract: In a process for oligomerizing an olefinic hydrocarbon feedstock comprising at least 65 wt % olefins and/or sulfur-containing molecules, the feedstock is contacted under oligomerization conditions with (a) a first unidimensional 10-ring molecular sieve catalyst and (b) a second multidimensional crystalline molecular sieve catalyst. The first and second catalysts may be contained in separate reactors or as separate beds in a single reactor.

Abstract: A catalyst for the conversion of methane to higher hydrocarbons including aromatic hydrocarbons comprises a support and molybdenum or a compound thereof dispersed on the support. The support comprises an aluminosilicate zeolite combined with a binder selected from silica, titania, zirconia and mixtures thereof. The catalyst is substantially free of aluminum external to the framework of the aluminosilicate zeolite.

Abstract: A method for the oxidative coupling of hydrocarbons, such as the oxidative coupling of methane to toluene, includes providing an oxidative catalyst inside a reactor, and carrying out the oxidative coupling reaction under a set of reaction conditions. The oxidative catalyst includes (A) at least one element selected from the group consisting of the Lanthanoid group, Mg, Ca, and the elements of Group 4 of the periodic table (Ti, Zr, and Hf); (B) at least one element selected from the group consisting of the Group 1 elements of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and the elements of Group 3 (including La and Ac) and Groups 5-15 of the periodic table; (C) at least one element selected from the group consisting of the Group 1 elements of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and the elements Ca, Sr, and Ba; and (D) oxygen.

Abstract: Alkylation processes such as the alkylation of aromatics, are catalyzed by the UZM-35 family of crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites represented by the empirical formula: Mmn+Rr+Al(1?x)ExSiyOz where M represents a combination of potassium and sodium exchangeable cations, R is a singly charged organoammonium cation such as the dimethyldipropylammonium cation and E is a framework element such as gallium. These UZM-35 zeolites are active and selective in alkylation processes.

Abstract: A method for the oxidative coupling of hydrocarbons, such as the oxidative coupling of methane, includes providing an oxidative catalyst inside a reactor, and carrying out the oxidative coupling reaction under a set of reaction conditions. The oxidative catalyst includes (A) at least one element selected from the group consisting of the Lanthanoid group, Mg, Ca, and the elements of Group 4 of the periodic table (Ti, Zr, and Hf); (B) at least one element selected from the group consisting of the Group 1 elements of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and the elements of Group 3 (including La and Ac) and Groups 5-15 of the periodic table; (C) at least one element selected from the group consisting of the Group 1 elements of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and the elements Ca, Sr, and Ba; and (D) oxygen.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for increasing ethylene and/or propylene yield during conversion of oxygenates using a system comprising a reactor and a regenerator, wherein the reactor comprises a fluidized bed reactor and a riser reactor, which process increases ethylene and/or propylene yield by using a mixture of the deactivated catalyst from the fluidized bed reactor and the regenerated catalyst from the regenerator in the riser reactor for further cracking the C4+ hydrocarbon stream separated from the product stream.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of converting oxygenates to olefins comprising contacting an oxygenate stream with an acidic high silica chabazite catalyst in one or more oxygenate-to-olefins reactors; circulating greater than from 80% of the catalyst to one or more catalyst regenerators to form regenerated catalyst; circulating the regenerated catalyst, preferably the same amount of regenerated catalyst, back to the oxygenate-to-olefins reactor to contact an oxygenate stream; and isolating a stream of olefins from the one or more oxygenate-to-olefins reactors.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be an acid alkylation system. The system can include a cooler-reactor and a settler. The settler can have a height and a width. Usually, the height exceeds the width. Generally, the cooler-reactor receives a feed of at least one of a stream including an olefin and a stream including an isobutane. Typically, at least a portion of one of the streams is bypassed around the cooler-reactor to the settler to control the temperature within the settler.

Abstract: An alkylation catalyst can include: a Brønsted acid ionic liquid; and a strong Brønsted acid that is not considered an ionic liquid. The Brønsted acid ionic liquid can be selected from the group consisting of [BMIm]HSO4, [MBSIm]HSO4, [MBSIm]OTf, [MPSIm]OTf, and [OMIm]HSO4 or the like. In one aspect, the strong Brønsted acid is selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid (HCl), hydrobromic acid (HBr), HF, hydrogen iodide (HI), phosphoric acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic (triflic) acid. In one aspect, the strong Brønsted acid is present at more than about 50 wt % of the composition; however, the Brønsted acid can vary from about 10 wt % to about 99 wt %, more preferably about 20 wt % to about 90 wt %, and most preferably about 40 wt % to about 80 wt %.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system for dispensing radiopharmaceuticals and measuring a radiation dosage thereof. In the system, the operation of dispensing a predetermined dose of radiopharmaceuticals from a vial (21) to an syringe (31) and the operation of measuring a radiation dosage of the radiopharmaceuticals dispensed to the syringe can be sequentially conducted without a risk of radiation leaking. Therefore, the system can markedly reduce the frequency of radiation exposure and the radiation exposure dose. Furthermore, when the syringe is moved downwards from a radiopharmaceutical dispensing apparatus (101) into a radiation dosage measuring apparatus (141) to measure a radiation dosage, the filling opening of the vial is displaced from a position aligned with the syringe, thus preventing radiopharmaceuticals remaining in the vial from affecting the measurement of the radiation dosage of the syringe.

Abstract: A brachytherapy apparatus includes a distal support member and a proximal support member movable relative to the distal support member. The apparatus includes a plurality of elongate treatment members having distal first locations coupled to the distal support member, proximal second locations coupled to the proximal support member, and pathways between the proximal second locations and the distal first locations adapted to receive one or more radiation sources. Each of the treatment members is movable between a generally straight configuration and a curvilinear configuration. An expandable member encloses and provides a spatial volume for the plurality of the treatment members and is adjustable between a contracted configuration and an expanded configuration.

Abstract: Devices, systems and methods are provided applicable to Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) for focusing the magnetic fields generated by electromagnets. In particular, devices, systems and methods including focusing electromagnets and focusing shapes are described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a training device for the physical therapy of paretic patients, comprising at least one magnetic stimulator for applying functional magnetic stimulation to paralyzed muscles of said patient in order to induce a periodical movement; at least one guiding element for restricting the degrees of freedom of the movement induced; and at least one resistance element for providing a resistance against the movement induced, wherein the device is configured such that the torque of the movement induced is at least 1.25 Nm. The invention also concerns a therapy method for a paretic patient, comprising providing such a training device, applying magnetic stimulation, impeding the movement via the at least one resistance element; and determining the torque of the movement induced.

Abstract: A treatment apparatus which applies a magnetic field of a proper magnitude to a specific place of a treatment object includes a magnetic field generation part provided with first and second core members having end faces arranged oppositely and radiating lines of magnetic force therebetween and coils at the bases of the first and second core members. Additionally, a space adjustment part adjusts a space between the end faces of the first core member and that of the second core member, and a control part controls energization of the coil according to the space between the end face of the first core member and that of the second core member, thereby adjusting the intensity of the magnetic field to be generated by the magnetic field generation part.

Abstract: A pulsatile blood circulating pump system that is adapted for use in cardiopulmonary bypass, ventricular assist (LVAD, RVAD, BiVAD), ECMO, organ preservation, fetal cardiac bypass, cancer treatment, and various areas of circulation research, which can be controlled in such a way as to produce a desired blood flow that closely approximates the physiological blood flow of the patient. The pump system includes a pulsating mechanism having a housing defining a chamber within which a compressible-expandable bladder is sealably mounted. The system further includes a hydraulic actuator having a pressure imparting member that acts upon a pressure transmissive fluid contained within the actuator chamber in a manner to generate a pulsatile pressure on the transmissive fluid, which, in turn, results in a pulsatile pressure being exerted on bladder in a manner to controllably vary the volume thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a relaxation system comprising a processing unit, a sound playing unit for playing sounds, a light image emitting unit for emitting light, a smell releasing unit for releasing smell and a fingerprint scanning unit for collecting fingerprint information and transmitting the same to the processing unit, in which the latter four units are connected to the processing unit respectively, the processing unit is used to control the operation of the sound playing unit, the light image emitting unit and the smell releasing unit and perform a fingerprint identification. The system further comprises an environmental sensor unit connected to the processing unit and being used to collect environmental information to enable the processing unit to control the operation of the sound playing unit, the light image emitting unit and the smell releasing unit. The environmental sensor unit comprises a microphone for detecting noise signal in the environment.

Abstract: A method and system for reducing stress in a working environment. In a conditioning phase a positive association of a sensory stimulus, such as a scent, image and/or sound with a relaxed feeling is created. Following the creation of this positive association the “relaxing” stimulus will be used as a de-stressor in the usage phase. That is, when it is detected that the user is stressed (80,90), the “relaxing” stimulus is released (100) to reduce stress.

Abstract: A surgically implantable urethra pressure control valve is described. It comprises a clamp having a pair of spaced-apart clamping arms. A urethra passage is defined between the clamping arms. At least one of the clamping arms is a displaceable clamping arm movable towards the other clamping arm to a predetermined position spaced from the other clamping arm a distance sufficient to pinch and close an inner passage of the urethra when disposed in the urethra passage whereby to arrest the flow of urine. An actuator is provided to effect the displacement of the displaceable clamping arm. The actuator may be a remote control to operate the valve or an implanted sphincter to apply a closing pressure upon the urethra.

Abstract: Using a sling that includes a central portion and at least two arms extending from the central portion, a method of treating anal incontinence may include positioning the central portion posteriorly to the rectum and/or anus of a subject, and extending each arm of the sling to a respective obturator region. Using a sling having the same or similar structure, a method of treating pelvic organ prolapse may include positioning the central portion beneath the ano-rectum of a subject, and extending each arm of the sling to a respective thigh incision near the obturator region.

Abstract: An improved artificial insemination device for animals is disclosed. The device has an inner catheter tube inserted inside a catheter tube where the front end of the inner catheter tube is closed in arc shape and its periphery is arranged with a plurality of spray release openings with arc-shaped invagination at outer edges and an extension member that communicates with the interior. As such, when the front end of the inner catheter tube enters the uterus along the cervical tract, it will not scratch the walls of cervical tract during movement because the outer edges of the spray release openings are in arc invaginated shape. When the contraction of the uterus sucks out the animal semen inside the inner catheter tube, it works like a straw through the extension members of the spray release openings, and the semen pooled together inside the catheter could be released rapidly and smoothly into different parts of the uterus to fully enhance the efficiency and the success rate of artificial insemination.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for detecting an optimal time for embryo implantation in mammals, particularly humans. In particular, the invention relates to a method for determining the optimal time for implantation of an embryo in a mammalian endometrium comprising detecting the levels of an endocannabinoid in the early, mid and late stage of the menstrual cycle in a subject.

Abstract: Described are methods and apparatus for use in supporting tissue in a patient's body. In some embodiments, the patient's breast or another tissue is supported. One method involves introducing a superior soft tissue anchor into a patient, the anchor having an inferiorly facing total surface area; and introducing at least one inferior soft tissue anchor into the patient, such that the at least one inferior soft tissue anchor is suspended from the superior soft tissue anchor, the sum of all of the at least one inferior soft tissue anchors having a superiorly facing total surface area. The inferiorly facing total surface area of the superior anchor can be greater, such as at least two times greater than the superiorly facing total surface area of the at least one inferior anchor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a medical implant which is equipped with an antimicrobial composition which comprises silicon dioxide and metal-containing nanoparticles, and processes for producing the medical implant.

Abstract: The invention relates surgical abdominal methods of treating obesity in a patient by implanting a volume filling device that, when implanted in a patient, reduces the food cavity in size by a volume substantially exceeding the volume of the volume filling device. Also disclosed is a laparoscopic instrument for providing a volume filling device to be invaginated in the stomach wall of a human patient to treat obesity.

Abstract: The invention relates surgical abdominal methods of treating a reflux disease in a patient by implanting a movement restriction device that, when implanted in a patient, restricts the movement of the stomach notch in relation to the diaphragm muscle preventing the cardia to slide up through the diaphragm hiatus opening. Also disclosed is a laparoscopic instrument for providing a movement restriction device to be invaginated in the stomach fundus wall of a human patient to treat reflux disease.