Abstract: A cover mechanism includes a covering whereon a circular hole is formed, and a button installed inside the circular hole. At least one track is formed on the button. The cover mechanism further includes at least one locking component. A first end of the locking component is disposed on the track in a movable manner, and a second end of the locking component is for inserting into a slot of a housing so as to lock the covering on the housing. When the button rotates in a first direction, the track drives the first end to move away from a center of the button so that the second end inserts into the slot. On the other hand, when the button rotates in a second direction, the track drives the first end to move close to the center of the button so that the second end separates from the slot.

Abstract: The invention relates to a furniture drive for driving a movable piece of furniture, comprising an electric motor, an actuator that can be moved back and forth between two end positions to apply a force on the piece of furniture to be driven, and a gearbox connected between the electric motor and actuator, wherein the gearbox has at least one gear stage configured as an eccentric gearbox and comprising two gear wheels that mesh with each other, wherein one of the two gear wheels is firmly connected or coupled to the actuator and the other gear wheel is coupled to the electric motor such that the eccentric gearbox has two limit positions, which correspond to the end positions of the actuator, and upon a rotation of the gear wheels, starting from the limit positions, the gear ratio decreases over a deformed rotational angle range.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus having a door on a side surface of a body of the apparatus. Three pivot points for supporting the door to be capable of pivoting horizontally are disposed in the rear side of the apparatus body, in an upper section, in a middle section and in a lower section, respectively. The upper pivot point and the lower pivot point are adjustable with reference to the middle pivot point.

Abstract: The invention relates to an immobilization device for locking a furniture part that is movably supported in or on a piece of furniture, particularly a drawer, in a closed end position, comprising at least one locking element, which has a receiving element for an engagement element, wherein the receiving element or the engagement element is disposed on the piece of furniture and the other element is disposed on the movable furniture part, and the two elements are operatively connected at least in the closed end position of the movable furniture part, wherein the relative position of the receiving element to the engagement element in the depth of the piece of furniture can be varied in a linear fashion by means of an adjusting unit, which is configured to convert a rotational movement into a translatory movement.

Abstract: There is provided a door of a refrigerator including: a door assembly which defines the appearance of the refrigerator door; an exterior member which is provided ahead of the door assembly to emit light; a connection member which connects the exterior member to the door assembly; a connection space which is formed between the door assembly and connection member; and a light-emitting means which is disposed at the connection space and emits light to the exterior member. There is an advantage in that it is possible to prevent dazzling of users, since the exterior member is not exposed to the outside and light is emitted via an end of the exterior member.

Abstract: A door handle for a refrigerator is provided. The door handle includes a graspable handle main body, a receiving member coupled to the handle main body and provided with a receiving portion, one or more decorations received in the receiving portion, and a handle cover coupled to the handle main body and supporting at least a portion of the decoration. As the decorations are stably installed on the door handle, the exterior beauty of the refrigerator can be improved. This satisfies the user.

Abstract: Two or more separate discharge spaces (8, 9) are provided in the discharge vessel (2) of a dielectric barrier discharge lamp (1), said discharge spaces (8, 9) each being filled with a discharge medium. This provides the possibility of producing radiation with two or more wavelengths which are characteristic of the respectively used discharge media using a single lamp (1).

Abstract: A light emitting diode (LED) illumination device includes a vapor chamber, a circuit board and at least one LED. At least one protrusion is formed on a surface of the vapor chamber, and a heat conducting tin layer is formed on the protrusion. The circuit board includes at least one through hole for passing the protrusion. The circuit board is formed by sequentially stacking an insulating layer and a heat conducting layer. The LEDs are installed on and contacted with the protrusions respectively, and each LED has two pins electrically connected to the circuit board. The LED device of the present invention is in a direct contact with the protrusion of the LED, such that the heat dissipated from the LED can be conducted to the vapor chamber, and then the vapor chamber carries away the heat quickly.

Abstract: An improved incandescent lamp and incandescent lighting system are disclosed, for projecting a beam of light with substantially improved energy efficiency. The incandescent lamp includes a pair of reflective ceramic filament supports for supporting one or more filaments in prescribed position(s) within an envelope while reflecting back substantially all visible and infrared light for incorporation into the projected beam or for absorption by the filament(s).

Abstract: A light-emitting diode (LED) lamp and a polygonal heat-dissipation structure thereof are provided. The LED lamp includes a polygonal heat-dissipation unit and a lighting module. The polygonal heat-dissipation unit has a polygonal hollow column and fins. The fins and the lighting module are thermally disposed on an inner surface and an outer surface of the polygonal hollow column, respectively. Thus, heat generated by the lighting module is dissipated by the fins rapidly. As the fins are thermally disposed on the inner surface of the polygon hollow column instead of being exposed, the volume of the LED lamp can be minimized, and the look of the LED lamp also can be prettified.

Abstract: Semiconductor, e.g. LED, lighting device. The device cools a housing on which the LEDs are coupled.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high-pressure discharge lamp (1) having a burner (2), which is provided with a starting aid device (30, 32) for improving the starting behavior. Said device is configured according to the invention as a grid (30) encompassing the burner in the region of a ceramic (6) holding the burner (2) and having contact with a power feed (24). Said grid (30) acts as a starting aid and as protection against fragments in case of a burner explosion.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a resin composition comprising a thermoplastic resin and a filler, the method comprising providing an extrusion granulator that comprises (i) a cylinder provided with an outlet, a first feed port and a second feed port located downstream from the first feed port but upstream from the midpoint between the first feed port and the outlet and (ii) at least one screw mounted in the cylinder; feeding the thermoplastic resin and the filler into the cylinder wherein the thermoplastic resin is fed through the first feed port and at least part of the filler is fed through the second feed port; kneading the thermoplastic resin and the filler while transporting them towards the outlet to provide a mixture; and extruding the mixture to produce the composition.

Abstract: Methods for improving the efficiency of infrared (IR) halogen lamps and IR halogen lamps having improved efficiency are disclosed. In a method of aligning a filament in a lamp body, the lamp body having the filament therein is rotated, and tubular end portions are heated and necked down which may assist in positioning the filament within the lamp and reduce end losses. IR halogen lamps formed from glass tubes having an OD less than 5 mm are also disclosed. The reduced diameter of the glass tubing increases the surface area for IR energy reflection and reduces end losses. Spuds or beads may be used to position the filament within the lamp.

Abstract: An electron emitting element includes an electrode substrate, a thin-film electrode, and an electron acceleration layer provided between them. The electron acceleration layer includes a fine particle layer containing insulating fine particles, which is provided on a side of the electrode substrate, and a deposition of conductive fine particles, which is provided on a surface of the fine particle layer. In the electron acceleration layer, a conductive path is formed in advance, and the deposition has a physical recess which is an exit of the conductive path and which serves as an electron emitting section. Electrons are emitted via the electron emitting section. With the arrangement, it is possible to realize an electron emitting element which prevents that an electrode on an electron emission side gradually wears off along with electron emission and which can maintain an electron emission characteristic for a long period.

Abstract: A lamp includes a filament for emitting light. The filament includes an emissive substrate which emits radiation when an electric current is applied. The substrate includes a doped surface and a coating layer supported on the doped surface. The coating layer includes at least one of a carbonitride and a boride.

Abstract: A plasma display panel is disclosed. The plasma display panel includes a front substrate, a rear substrate positioned to be opposite to the front substrate, a barrier rib positioned between the front substrate and the rear substrate to partition a discharge cell, and a phosphor layer positioned in the discharge cell. The phosphor layer includes a phosphor material and an additive material. The phosphor layer includes a red phosphor layer emitting red light, a green phosphor layer emitting green light, and a blue phosphor layer emitting blue light. A thickness of the blue phosphor layer is larger than a thickness of the red phosphor layer.

Abstract: A multiple layer phosphor bearing film having a phosphor bearing layer comprising phosphor, a transparent protective layer, and an adhesive configured to adhere the film to a light source.

Abstract: A luminescent material is provided, which includes a compound having a composition represented by the following general formula (A): (Sra1,Bab1,Cac1,Rev1,Euw1)2SiO4??(A) wherein, Re is at least one selected from a group consisting of Pr and Dy, and a1, b1, c1, v1 and w1 satisfy following relationships: a1+b1+c1+v1+w1=1??(1), 0?a1/(1?v1?w1)?1??(2), 0?b1/(1?v1?w1)?1??(3), 0?c1/(1?v1?w1)?1??(4), 0<v1?0.15??(5), 0<w1?0.02??(6).

Abstract: Optoelectronic devices include triplet blocking compounds of formula I wherein R1 is, independently at each occurrence, C1-20 hydrocarbyl and at least one of R1 is R3; R2 is independently at each occurrence C1-20 hydrocarbyl, C1-20 hydrocarbyloxy, C1-20 thioether, C1-20 hydrocarbylcarbonyloxy or cyano; R3 is —R4XR5; R4 is a direct bond, C1-20 aryl, C1-20 arylalkyl, C1-20 alkylaryl, C1-20 substituted aryl, C1-20 substituted arylalkyl, or C1-20 substituted alkylaryl; R5 is C1-20 hydrocarbyl or C1-20 hydrocarbyl containing at least one S, N, O or P atom between carbon atoms; R6 is C1-20 alkyl or C1-20 substituted alkyl; X is —O—, —S—, —COO—, —OOC—, —CSS—, —SSC—, NR6 or PR6; a is independently at each occurrence 0, 1 or 2; and n is 0 or 1.

Abstract: A green phosphorescent iridium complex represented by Formula (I) is provided. In Formula (I), R1, R2 and R3 are, independently, hydrogen, halogen, substituted or non-substituted C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, cycloalkyl, substituted or non-substituted aryl, amino or heteroaryl, and L is a heterocyclic ring containing N—N or N—O ligand. The invention also provides a method for fabricating the green phosphorescent iridium complex and an organic light-emitting diode including the green phosphorescent iridium complex.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes a display panel having an electro-optical layer, a first resin film stacked on the display panel to cover a first surface on the side of a display area of the display panel, and a second resin film stacked on the display panel to cover a second surface opposite the first surface, and at least one reinforcing member disposed on at least one of the first resin film and the second resin film.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polymer material capable of preparing organic EL elements having low driving voltage and high durability. The polymer compound of the present invention includes a constituting unit derived from a monomer represented by the formula (1); (in the formula (1), each of A1's is independently a condensed polycyclic aromatic group optionally having a heteroatom as a ring-constituting atom; the condensed polycyclic aromatic group links to A2 at the meta position to the bonding position of the ring represented by the following formula; each of A2's is independently a six-membered ring aromatic group optionally having a heteroatom as a ring-constituting atom; at least one of A1 and A2 has a substituent having a polymerizable functional group; at least one of X's is a nitrogen atom, and n's are independently 1 or 2).

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to prevent an insulating film from peeling in a section where the insulating film is adjacent to a sealing region. Over a first substrate 104, a pixel portion 100 provided with a light emitting element, a source driver 101, a gate driver 102, and a sealing region 103 are provided. A light emitting element is sealed between the first substrate 104 and a second substrate 110 by a sealant 108. An insulating film 107 serves as a partition wall of the light emitting element. An end portion of the insulating film 107 which is adjacent to the sealing region 103 does not overlap with a step formed by a side surface and an upper surface of a conductive film 106 which serves as a wiring.

Abstract: A plasma display panel includes a front panel including a front glass substrate, a display electrode formed on the substrate, a dielectric layer formed to cover the display electrode, and a protective layer formed on the dielectric layer; a rear panel facing the front panel so that discharge space is formed and including an address electrode in a direction intersecting the display electrode, and a barrier rib for partitioning the discharge space; and a seal material for sealing between the front panel and the rear panel at outer peripheries thereof. In the protective layer, a base film is formed on the dielectric layer and aggregated particles of metal oxide crystal particles are attached to the base film so that they are distributed over an entire surface of a region inside the seal material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a plasma display panel comprising a front plate (2) wherein a dielectric layer (8) is so formed as to cover a display electrode (6) formed on a front glass substrate (3) and a protective layer (9) is formed on the dielectric layer (8), and a back plate so arranged as to face the front plate (2) so that a discharge space is formed therebetween. The back plate is provided with an address electrode lying in the direction intersecting the display electrode (6) and a partition wall which divides the discharge space. The protective layer (9) is obtained by forming a base film (91) composed of MgO on the dielectric layer (8), and distributing agglomerated particles (92), wherein several MgO crystal particles are agglomerated, and particles (93) of at least one inorganic material, which are different from the agglomerated particles (92), over the base film (91).

Abstract: A PDP includes a front panel including display electrode (6) formed on glass substrate (3), dielectric layer (8) covering display electrode (6), and protective layer (9) formed on dielectric layer (8); and a rear panel opposing to the front panel to form a discharge space filled with discharge gas, and including an address electrode formed along a direction intersecting with display electrode (6), and a barrier rib partitioning the discharge space, wherein protective layer (9) is formed of a metal oxide made of magnesium oxide and calcium oxide and contains aluminum, and a diffraction angle where a peak of the metal oxide occurs exists between a diffraction angle where a peak of the magnesium oxide occurs and a diffraction angle where a peak of the calcium oxide occurs in an X-ray diffraction analysis on a surface of protective layer (9).

Abstract: The invention relates to a microwave frequency structure for microwave tube comprising a cylindrical vacuum jacket and a device for containing an electron beam in the axis of revolution of the cylindrical jacket. The containing device comprises at least two rows, each containing permanent magnets, each row being aligned either side of and equidistant to the beam-containment axis, the at least two rows containing permanent magnets being of parallelepipedal shapes and having a magnetic polarization parallel to one of its edges in a plane transversal to the axis, their direction of magnetization in the row changing alternately from one containing magnet to another next containing magnet, or preceding containing magnet, to create an alternating periodic magnetic field along the containment axis.

Abstract: A system comprises a light source and an electrode device (20, 30, 60). The light source comprises a base (40) with a base surface (42) on which at least two contact elements are provided. The electrode device has at least two electrodes (23, 24, 34, 35), preferably of ferromagnetic or electromagnetic material and having a different polarity during operation. Adjacent electrodes are arranged at a predetermined electrode distance. Both electrodes are provided in one layer and are arranged in an interdigitated configuration. The light source has at least two, but preferably four contact elements (43, 53, 63) arranged at a mutual spacing which is essentially compatible with said electrode distance.

Abstract: A light assembly 1100 includes a cover 18, a housing 16 coupled to the cover 18 and a lamp base 14 coupled to the cover 18. The light assembly 1100 also includes a first circuit board 30 disposed within the housing 16. The first circuit board 30 has a plurality of light sources 32 thereon. A heat sink 210 is thermally coupled to the light sources 32. The heat sink 32 includes a plurality of spaced-apart layers 1140 having outer edges and openings therethrough. Each of the outer edges 1144 are in contact with the housing 16. The light assembly also includes an elongated control circuit board assembly 1110 electrically coupled to the light sources 32 of the first circuit board 30 and the lamp base 14. The control circuit board 1110 extends through the openings 1170. The control circuit board 1110 has a plurality of electrical components 1112 thereon for controlling the light sources 32.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a lamp with a ferrule includes a substrate to support a light emitting element and a wire insertion portion formed therein. A support portion to arrange the substrate is formed in one end portion of a base body. A through-hole is formed in the support portion corresponding to the wire insertion portion. A concave container portion is provided in the other end portion of the base body to accommodate a circuit board to mount electric parts. An insulating case is arranged between the circuit board and the concave container portion. The insulating case includes a protection element inserted in the through-hole and the wire insertion portion. The protection element is projected at least to inside of the wire insertion portion. A ferrule for supplying electric power to the light emitting element is provided in the other end portion of the base body.

Abstract: A motor vehicle taillight comprising a frame configured to be removably mounted to a vehicle, a housing coupled to the frame, at least two sets of light emitting diode (LED) arrays positioned along the frame, and a programmable electronic system configured to received at least a plurality of input signals and to selectively provide power to said at least one sets of LED arrays based on a program selected by a user. Additionally, a programmable blinker system comprising a taillight module configured to be removably coupled to a motor vehicle, an input means for providing at least one signal to the taillight module, a plurality of LEDs forming at least two sets of LED arrays, and an activating means for selectively providing a flow of electrical current to illuminate the LEDs in the LED arrays upon receipt of the at least one signal based on a program selected by a user. The motor vehicle may comprise a motorcycle.

Abstract: A modular light bar having crisscross lighting in the front and rear. Each module may include two horizontal layers of lighting supported on supports connected to a longitudinal base. A wire harness is positioned within a longitudinal channel in the longitudinal base, with the harness having one end connected to quick disconnects within the modules and having another end connected to a controller. Each of the light bar module is serviceable independent of the other light bar modules, such that the support positioned within and connected to the light bar module being serviced is removable from the light bar module without accessing the other light bar modules by disconnecting the quick disconnect positioned within each light bar module being serviced.

Abstract: A plasma power supply system for producing electrical power in the range between 1 kW and 100 kW for a plasma processing system and supplying the power to a plasma chamber through a power line connection, the plasma power supply system includes a power converter, a monitoring section, an arc diverter, a control section with an arc diverter control section and an arc detection section, and an input device wherein the input device is connected to the arc diverter.

Abstract: An LED illuminating apparatus includes a lampshade, a cover engaged with the lampshade, a heat dissipation module received in a hollow tube cooperatively formed by the engaged lampshade and cover, a light source engaged on the heat dissipation module, and two connectors secured at opposite ends of the lampshade and the cover. The lampshade defines a plurality of vents therein. The light source faces the cover and light emitted from the light source radiates out of the LED illuminating apparatus through the cover.

Abstract: The present invention provides a self-ballasted lamp which efficiently conducts heat of a plurality of LED chips of a light emitting module to its holder, and can prevent the temperature rise of the LED chips. The holder has a base portion, an edge portion provided at one end side of the base portion, which is thick at the base portion side thereof and thin at the distal end side thereof, and heat radiation fins provided at the other end side from the edge part and at the circumference of the base portion. The heat from the semiconductor light emitting elements is conducted from the base portion to the edge part and radiated therefrom. At this time, the edge part is thickened at the base portion side, wherein the thermal capacity is increased, and the heat conduction is improved.

Abstract: It is provided with a light source unit that can be thinner. Further, it is provided with a lighting apparatus and a notice bearing apparatus utilizing the light source unit. A light source unit 10 is configured with a plurality of LED modules 3, 3 and a constant current supplying section 2 consisting of electric components for holding constant of current supplied to the plurality of LED modules 3, 3. The plurality of LED modules 3, 3 and the electric components are aligned on a rectangular plate 11 of a module casing 1. The electric components are arranged between the plurality of LED modules 3, 3.

Abstract: A stacked body comprising a light emitting layer and a light detecting element which detects light emitted by the light emitting layer. The light detecting element has a light detecting region which overlaps a light emitting surface of the light emitting layer as viewed in the thickness direction of the light emitting layer.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for controlling a light output signal emitted by a set of light sources comprising at least one light source, wherein said light output signal comprises a modulation signal which carries individual information, the method comprising recurrently: remotely detecting the light output signal of said set of light sources; determining at least one quality measure of said remote detection of the light output signal; and adjusting the modulation signal on basis of said at least one quality measure.

Abstract: This invention relates to a color controlled light source comprising a plurality of colored light elements, and a plurality of (filtered) photo detectors, having different spectral characteristics covering all or most of the total spectrum of the light elements. The (filtered) photo detectors detect the light output of the light source, and generate corresponding detection signals. The light source further has a color control unit for generating driving signals to the light elements on the basis of the detection signals and a predetermined target color point of the light output of the light source, and a modulator for individual signature modulation of the driving signal to each one of said light elements. A corresponding demodulator is provided for demodulation of the detection signals and extraction, from each detection signal, of actual values of the light outputs of the light elements.

Abstract: In a circuit arrangement for controlling light emitting diodes (LEDs), which are combined in an indicating table, including a voltage supply, at least one driver which is connected to the voltage supply and has current outputs by way of which current can be supplied to the LEDs as well as at least one control input via which the current being supplied to the LEDs is controllable, a control element is provided by which the number of the LEDs to which current has to be supplied at the same time can be determined and a signal indicative of the number determined can be supplied to the control input of the driver for assisting in controlling the power supply to the LEDs.

Abstract: An intelligent light emitting diode (LED) lamp includes a power management unit connected to a power source configured for supplying power; a LED lighting unit; a motion sensor configured for detecting whether there is someone around the LED lamp and producing a trigger signal when detecting that someone is around; a light detector configured for detecting current ambient light level and generating a light signal according to the current ambient light level; and a processing unit configured for controlling the LED lighting unit to light, generating and passing on a communication signal to other LED lamps, upon condition that the trigger signal is received and the current ambient light level is determined less than a predetermined value according to the light signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an LED light emitting device and a driving method, and discloses a technology that may improve a slew rate of a channel current flowing through an LED channel when driving with a pulse width modulation method. For this, the present invention includes an LED channel consisting of a plurality of LED elements that are consecutively and serially connected, a current control switch that is connected to the end of the LED channel and performs a switching operation, and an operational amplifier that controls the switching operation of the current control switch according to a pulse width modulation signal. The LED driver samples an output voltage at the operational amplifier when the pulse width modulation signal is in an on state, and maintains the output voltage of the operational amplifier when the pulse width modulation signal is in an off state.

Abstract: An electronic ballast for supplying a lamp load is described. The electronic ballast comprises an inverter arranged in a half-bridge configuration for providing an AC voltage and at least one lamp load circuit. The inverter comprises an upper switch, connected to a DC terminal for receiving a DC supply voltage, and a first lower switch arranged in a half-bridge configuration for generating an AC voltage at an inverter terminal of the inverter. A first diode and a second lower switch are connected in series. This series arrangement is connected in parallel with the first lower switch. A lamp load circuit for supplying the lamp load is connected to a node between the first diode and the second lower switch. When the inverter supplies a fluorescent lamp, and the lamp load circuit comprises a heating circuit for heating an electrode of the fluorescent lamp, the heating circuit includes a heating transformer and a second lower switch connected in parallel with the primary winding of the transformer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an inverter and the driving method. The inverter according to exemplary embodiment of the present invention generates a plurality of feedback voltages corresponding to driving voltages of a plurality of discharge lamps. The inverter generates a first minimum voltage having a smaller feedback voltage of a plurality of feedback voltages and compares the first minimum voltage and a short circuit reference voltage in order to determine a short circuit of at least two discharge lamps. The inverter senses a short circuit lamp of a plurality of the discharge lamps by using the comparison result and a first sawtooth wave signal having a predetermined period.

Abstract: A lighting arrangement constituted of: a power factor correction circuit; a lighting controller operative at an electrical potential consonant with the electric potential of the output of the power factor correction circuit; a switching network, coupled to the output of the power factor correction circuit and to respective outputs of the lighting controller; a transformer, a primary winding of the transformer coupled to the output of the switching network; and at least one luminaire coupled to at least one secondary winding of the transformer and arranged to be driven by the at least one secondary winding, the lighting controller operative to control the switching network via the respective outputs to switchably pass current from the power factor correction circuit through the primary winding, thereby powering the at least one luminaire.

Abstract: The present invention relies on polyphase alternating current power with phase difference or direct current power rectified from polyphase alternating current power to drive a common electric energy-driven luminous body; or to separately drive proximately installed individual electric energy-driven luminous bodies so that the pulsation of the outwardly projected light is reduced.

Abstract: Ballasts are presented with improved end-of-life (EOL) detection of lamp DC voltage components and protection circuits to facilitate user maintenance and extend lamp life using selective dimming with preheating when EOL conditions are detected.

Abstract: Intelligent illumination device are disclosed that use components in an LED light to perform one or more of a wide variety of desirable lighting functions for very low cost. The LEDs that produce light can be periodically turned off momentarily, for example, for a duration that the human eye cannot perceive, in order for the light to receive commands optically. The optically transmitted commands can be sent to the light, for example, using a remove control device. The illumination device can use the LEDs that are currently off to receive the data and then configure the light accordingly, or to measure light. Such light can be ambient light for a photosensor function, or light from other LEDs in the illumination device to adjust the color mix.

Abstract: A cascaded power converter having an auxiliary power supply operated from the second switching power stage provides efficient operation by activating the auxiliary power supply early in the startup process. A low energy transfer operating mode is initiated in the second switching power stage to charge the auxiliary power supply output without generating significant disruption at the load. After the first switching power stage is started and the intermediate node voltage has increased to a level sufficient to operate the second switching power stage, the final switching power stage enters a normal operating mode. The low energy transfer operating mode has a substantially reduced switching rate and pulse width from that of the normal operating mode.