Abstract: A method and a device for selectively purifying the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine using a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalytic converter (2), wherein a reducing agent is metered to the exhaust gas prior to entry into the SCR catalytic converter (2). An overdose of the reducing agent is added to the exhaust gas, and the exhaust gas, after exiting the SCR catalytic converter, is fed in part through an oxidation catalytic converter (5) and in part to a second SCR catalytic converter (8) via a bypass (6) circumventing the oxidation catalytic converter. In the oxidation catalytic converter (5), one half of the excess NH3 flowing out of the first SCR catalytic converter (2) is converted to NOx and reacts to form non-hazardous nitrogen after mixing with the other half of the excess NH3 flowing unchanged through a bypass.

Abstract: An exhaust gas after-treatment system includes an oxidation catalytic converter, a carbon-particulate filter, a device for burning off carbon-particulate matter within the carbon-particulate filter, and an exhaust gas cooling unit downstream of the filter for reducing the exhaust gas temperature in the exhaust gas flow. In order to reduce the fuel consumption overall, the device cooling unit can be deactivated.

Abstract: An ash filter for a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine is disclosed. The ash filter includes a substrate, such as a honeycomb monolith substrate or a plurality of particulate substrates, and a matrix of a zeolite material disposed on the respective substrate or substrates, the matrix of the zeolite material configured to remove ash from an exhaust gas flow from a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine. An exhaust treatment system for a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine is disclosed. The exhaust treatment system includes an ash filter comprising a matrix of a first zeolite and configured to receive an exhaust gas flow from an engine; and an exhaust treatment device, the exhaust treatment device comprising a matrix of a second zeolite and configured to receive the exhaust gas flow from the ash filter.

Abstract: An emission treatment system for a vehicle having an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The emission treatment system has an HC-SCR catalyst including a non-Pt group metal dispersed in a ceramic matrix configured to receive an exhaust gas flow from an engine. The system also has an oxidation catalyst comprising a Pt group metal configured to receive the exhaust gas flow from the HC-SCR catalyst. The system also has a U-SCR catalyst and a diesel particulate filter, one of the U-SCR catalyst or the DPF configured to receive the exhaust gas flow from the oxidation catalyst and the other one of the U-SCR catalyst or the diesel particulate filter configured to receive the exhaust gas flow from the respective one.

Abstract: In a cogeneration apparatus, a heat exchanger includes an exhaust gas passageway for passage therethrough of exhaust gas, a heat medium passageway for passage therethrough of a heat medium that gives heat energy to a water heater etc., and a water passageway for taking heat from the exhaust gas and giving the heat to the heat medium. Cooling water for a water-cooled engine is given to the water passageway. The cogeneration apparatus requires reduced numbers of the heat exchanger and pipes, and hence a reduced number of necessary component parts, so that the cogeneration apparatus can be reduced in cost.

Abstract: A nodular graphite, heat-resistant cast iron composition for use in engine systems. The composition contains carbon 1.5-2.4 weight %, silicon 5.4-7.0 weight %, manganese 0.5-1.5 weight %, nickel 22.0-28.0 weight %, chromium 1.5-3.0 weight %, molybdenum 0.1-1.0 weight %, magnesium 0.03-0.1 weight %, and a balance weight % being substantially iron. The composition has an austenitic matrix. Additionally, the composition exhibits excellent oxidation resistance at high temperature and excellent mechanical properties at both room and high temperatures. Thus, the composition can be a lower cost substitute material for Ni-Resist D5S under thermocycling conditions experienced by exhaust gas accessories and housings such as engine exhaust manifolds, turbocharger housings, and catalytic converter housings.

Abstract: A hydraulic system for an operator controlled machine, the system including at least one actuator for moving a machine component, a source of pressurized fluid for delivering pressurized fluid at a system pressure to a control valve which is operable under operator control, to control the flow of fluid from the source to the actuator at a load pressure, along a load pressure path, a flow control apparatus for controlling the flow of fluid from the source to the control valve, the flow control apparatus including an actuating part which is biased by a resilient device to a condition in which the flow control apparatus provides for a maximum flow of fluid to the control valve, actuating part movement by the resilient device being resisted by system pressure fluid and being supported by fluid at a control pressure, the control pressure being derived from the load pressure, and wherein the system includes a pressure control device to which the load pressure is communicated, the pressure control device being opera

Abstract: An energy recovery apparatus and method for recovering and harvesting energy from passing air is disclosed. Energy recovery and harvesting from passing air is accomplished by creating a pressure differential using high and low pressure ports. The energy represented by the pressure differential is extracted using a mass airfoil device which, in turn, is used to create alternative forms of energy which, in turn, is used to support auxiliary and main systems aboard any moving object or form of transport.

Abstract: A motor vehicle power take off system for a motor vehicle engine includes a viscous coupling. The input rotor of the viscous coupling is provided with a variable geometry impeller section which allows direct control over the proportion of input torque on the input shaft transferred to the viscous fluid and thereby to an output shaft. Both passive and active control schemes are proposed.

Abstract: A hydraulic control system for a powertrain includes a sump for storing a hydraulic fluid and a pump having an inlet in communication with the sump and an outlet. A valve system is in communication with the outlet of the pump. An accumulator for storing and releasing the hydraulic fluid is in communication with the inlet of the pump and with the valve system. A first control device is disposed between the accumulator and the valve system. A second control device is disposed between the accumulator and the inlet of the pump. The accumulator is charged with the hydraulic fluid when the pump is powered, the accumulator stores the hydraulic fluid when the first control device and the second control device are in the closed condition, and the accumulator releases the hydraulic fluid and primes the pump when the second control device is in the open condition.

Abstract: A hydraulic pressure control apparatus for a torque converter includes a relay valve switching levels of a hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic power transmission chamber and establishing selective connections between a cooler and the hydraulic power transmission chamber or between the cooler and a hydraulic pressure supply source of which a flow amount of the operational fluid is regulated by a first orifice, an electronic control unit controlling operations of the relay valve, a hydraulic pressure declination determining portion judging whether the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic pressure supply source is lower than a threshold value based on a predetermined vehicle state, and a switching command outputting portion outputting a command to connect the cooler and the hydraulic pressure supply source by the relay valve when the hydraulic pressure declination determining portion determines that the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic pressure supply source is lower than the threshold value.

Abstract: A hydraulic oil supply device includes: a work equipment pump that supplies a hydraulic oil to a hydraulic actuator that drives a work equipment; a fan pump that supplies the hydraulic oil to a hydraulic motor that drives a cooling fan; and a circuit switching valve provided on a hydraulic circuit being branched from a hydraulic circuit connecting the hydraulic actuator with the work equipment pump to be connected to the fan pump, the circuit switching valve selectively connecting a discharge portion of the fan pump to the hydraulic actuator and the hydraulic motor.

Abstract: A hydraulic servo drive device includes: a pilot spool for switching supply and shutoff of oil; a servo piston slid in accordance with the pilot spool; a stroke sensor for detecting a displacement of the servo piston; a first hydraulic chamber in which oil for moving the servo piston is flowed; a first piston oil path for communicating a pump port to which oil is supplied from a pump with a first hydraulic chamber; and a discharge circulating oil path for communicating the first hydraulic chamber with a drain port.

Abstract: A Stirling cycle machine. The machine includes at least one rocking drive mechanism which includes: a rocking beam having a rocker pivot, at least one cylinder and at least one piston. The piston is housed within a respective cylinder and is capable of substantially linearly reciprocating within the respective cylinder. Also, the drive mechanism includes at least one coupling assembly having a proximal end and a distal end. The linear motion of the piston is converted to rotary motion of the rocking beam. Also, a crankcase housing the rocking beam and housing a first portion of the coupling assembly is included. The machine also includes a working space housing the at least one cylinder, the at least one piston and a second portion of the coupling assembly. An airlock is included between the workspace and the crankcase and a seal is included for sealing the workspace from the airlock and crankcase.

Abstract: A Stirling cycle machine. The machine includes at least one rocking drive mechanism which includes: a rocking beam having a rocker pivot, at least one cylinder and at least one piston. The piston is housed within a respective cylinder and is capable of substantially linearly reciprocating within the respective cylinder. Also, the drive mechanism includes at least one coupling assembly having a proximal end and a distal end. The linear motion of the piston is converted to rotary motion of the rocking beam. Also, a crankcase housing the rocking beam and housing a first portion of the coupling assembly is included. The machine also includes a working space housing the at least one cylinder, the at least one piston and a second portion of the coupling assembly. An airlock is included between the workspace and the crankcase and a seal is included for sealing the workspace from the airlock and crankcase.

Abstract: A refrigeration cycle apparatus includes a first compressor 1, which is an expander-compressor unit, and a second compressor 2. A first compression mechanism 11 of the first compressor 1 and a second compression mechanism 21 of the second compressor 2 are disposed in parallel with each other in a refrigerant circuit 30. The refrigeration cycle apparatus is provided with an injection passage 6. A controller 7 controls a first motor 12 of the first compressor 1 and a second motor 22 of the second compressor 2, and an opening of an injection valve 61. The controller 7 performs an optimizing operation for the opening of the injection valve. In the optimizing operation, the opening of the injection valve 61 is brought closer to a fully closed state or closer to a fully opened state while a pressure or a temperature of a discharged refrigerant guided to a radiator 4 through a first pipe 3a is kept approximately constant.

Abstract: An exhaust brake control system includes a braking torque estimation module that estimates a desired braking torque based on engine speed. A volume flow rate determination module determines a desired volume flow rate of an exhaust gas based on the desired braking torque. An adjustment module adjusts an actual volume flow rate to control actual braking torque based on the desired braking torque and a change in exhaust temperature.

Abstract: A method and system for reducing undesired exhaust emissions during cold start of a turbocharger-equipped internal combustion engine. A bypass line in the engine compartment has a bypass valve that permits exhaust to be bypassed around the turbocharger's turbine during cold start. An oxidation catalyst is closely coupled to the bypass valve.

Abstract: A self-regulating wastegate valve actuator for dynamically regulating a wastegate valve in a turbocharged internal combustion engine. The wastegate valve actuator regulates and maintains a desired pressure differential across a throttle valve with minimal controlling elements by controlling a wastegate valve in response to the pressure differential generated across the throttle valve.

Abstract: An EGR system includes an exhaust gas recirculation pipe recirculating exhaust gas flowing through an exhaust pipe into an intake pipe upstream of a compressor of a supercharger. A swirling flow generator generates a swirling flow of intake air and exhaust gas along an inner surface of the intake pipe in order to centrifugally separate foreign matters from the intake air and the exhaust gas. A foreign-matters-collecting chamber collects the centrifugally separated solid foreign matters therein. The separated solid foreign matters are discharged through a discharge opening and a discharge pipe.

Abstract: A variable geometry turbine comprises a turbine wheel (5) supported in a housing for rotation about a turbine axis with an annular inlet passageway (9) defined between a radial face of a nozzle ring (11) and a facing wall of the housing (10). The nozzle ring is movable along the turbine axis to vary the width of the inlet passageway and has a circumferential array of vanes (20) that are received in corresponding slots (24) in the facing wall. A wastegate valve (15) is provided in a chamber behind the facing wall and gas bypasses the turbine through the chamber to the wastegate port (14) at high flow rates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus, suitable for generating energy in an aquatic environment. A preferred embodiment has at least two water piston assemblies connected to a power transfer system, such as a crankshaft or a rack and pinion drive. Each water piston assembly has a water container that slides within a casing. The casing controls the presence of water within the piston assemblies though a system of doors that opens and closes to assist with water intake and expulsion within the water container. Furthermore, the water container has ports which allow water to drain from the water container onto a water exit assembly. The water is then preferably channeled toward a generator or a turbine that converts the kinetic energy of the water flow into an electrical energy.

Abstract: A solar collector system includes sheets that are disposed to cover portions of channels within a terrain to thereby form air flow passageways bounded by at least the sheet and the sides and bottom of the respective channels. The sheet enables transmission of solar radiation into the channels to heat portions of the sides and bottoms of the channels so that air in the passageways can be heated by absorbing heat from the heated portions of the sides and bottoms of the channels. A heat accumulation system is coupled to the passageways for accumulating heat from the heated air. A stream of heated air is drawn from the solar collector and/or the heat accumulation system by an upwardly sloping tunnel through a turbine of an electrical energy producing system. The air stream rotates the turbine to cause electrical energy to be generated.

Abstract: Provided are high-pressure, medium-pressure, and low-pressure turbines; a boiler to generate steam for driving the turbines; a carbon dioxide recovery unit including an absorber that reduces carbon dioxide in combustion flue gas from the boiler by means of a carbon dioxide absorbent and a regenerator that regenerates an absorbent; a first auxiliary turbine that extracts steam from an inlet of the low-pressure turbine and recovers power by means of the steam thus extracted; a first steam delivery line to supply discharged steam from the first auxiliary turbine to a reboiler of the regenerator as a heat source; and a controller that controls driving of the first auxiliary turbine while keeping pressure of the discharged steam to be supplied to the reboiler within a tolerance range for the reboiler's optimum pressure corresponding to a fluctuation in an operation load of the boiler.

Abstract: A power system based on a binary power cycle and utilizing a multi-component working fluid is disclosed. The working fluid is partially vaporized and a split recirculation approach is used to control the enthalpy-temperature profiles to match the heat source. A portion of the unvaporized working fluid is sprayed into the condenser.

Abstract: A method for starting a continuous steam generator is provided. The steam generator includes a combustion chamber provided with a plurality of burners, a water-steam separation device that is mounted downstream of evaporator tubes of the water-steam separation device on a flow-medium side. The amount of water flowing into the water-steam separation device during a starting process is kept to a minimum. The firing power of at least one of the burners is adjusted in accordance with a filling level characteristic value of the water-steam separation device.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to energy and more particularly to a method, hitherto unknown, to create kinetic energy of a body of mass. It is excessively well know in classical physics that energy can not be created or destroyed. The word create as used herein shall mean to make present about the surface of the earth energy which was previously was not present. The source of the kinetic energy shall be due to a combination of earth's gravity effects acting through a displacement. The new use and method for creating kinetic energy shall be by situating an EPICYCLOID ROLLING RESISTANCE ABATEMENT MEANS (U.S. Pat. No. 4,878,525) on an inclined surface on or about the earth's surface. Epicycloid rolling resistance abatement means art provides means of rolling resistance abatement for vehicle wheels by means of sequaciously storing and releasing energy by way of compression springs attached in a recessed manner to the periphery of a vehicle wheel.

Abstract: A combustor comprises a liquid fuel nozzle for injecting liquid fuel to a combustion chamber, and an air supply nozzle disposed around the liquid fuel nozzle and injecting air. The air supply nozzle is disposed such that air is injected from the air supply nozzle in a direction toward an axis of the liquid fuel nozzle. A space is formed around an outlet of the liquid fuel nozzle, through which the liquid fuel is injected from the liquid fuel nozzle to the combustion chamber, upstream of a distal end of the outlet in a direction in which the liquid fuel is injected. Carbonaceous deposits on surrounding surfaces of the outlet of the liquid fuel nozzle can be suppressed regardless of the operating conditions of a combustor.

Abstract: A gas turbine combustion chamber has a starter film for cooling the combustion chamber wall, and a combustion chamber head, into which cooling air can be introduced and which is confined to the combustion chamber by a heat shield (5). A base plate (2) is arranged at a certain distance from the heat shield (5) and the base plate (2) is provided with several openings (6) in its rim area for passing the cooling air. Center axes (17) of the openings (6) are inclined at a shallow angle (?) relative to the combustion chamber wall (4).

Abstract: In at least one embodiment of the present invention, a method of recovering energy from a FCC unit having a reactor and a regenerator for overall CO2 reduction is provided. The method comprises cooling syngas to a predetermined low temperature to define cooled syngas. A turbo-expander including a first compressor is provided. The turbo-expander train is configured to combust and expand gas to drive the first compressor. The cooled syngas is compressed with the first compressor to define compressed syngas. A first stream of gas comprising CO2 and a second stream of gas comprising CO are separated from the compressed syngas. O2 and the first and second streams of gas are introduced to the turbo-expander train. The first stream of gas is expanded and the second stream of gas is combusted and expanded with the O2 to recover energy, driving the first compressor and producing the syngas.

Abstract: A washer for a turbine engine combustor comprises a first surface, a second surface facing generally opposite from the first surface, a bore communicating through the first and second surfaces, and a cooling passage separate from the bore and communicating through the first and second surfaces.

Abstract: A system for cooling cooling-air in a gas turbine engine, the system having an electricity generating fuel-cell, and an arrangement for receiving water produced by the fuel cell, delivering the water to the engine, and cooling cooling-air inside the engine using the water.

Abstract: The invention proposes a device for chilling or deep-freezing by impacting jets which consists of a tunnel comprising a moving belt, at least one plate and preferably at least two plates located parallel to each other on either side of said moving belt, at least one plate, and preferably both plates, being provided with through-holes, and at least one means for injecting a cold fluid, said tunnel having a zone under pressure P1 and a zone under pressure P2, the pressure P1 being greater than the pressure P2, characterized in that it includes means for varying the pressure in the zone under pressure P1 and/or means for cooling the plate or plates down to a temperature below about ?80 DEG C, preferably below ?90 DEG C and more preferably still below ?100 DEG C and for maintaining that temperature; and a method for chilling or deep-freezing food products by impacting jets.

Abstract: A heat recycling system for recycling heat from an electronic device includes a pipe with an inside tube and an outside tube coiled around the inside tube. The inside tube is connected to a first airduct to receive heated air from the electronic device. The outside tube is to receive cooling air from outside. A number of thermoelectric modules are formed in walls of the inside tube. A first end of each thermoelectric module is inserted into the outside tube, and a second end of each thermoelectric module is inserted into the inside tube. Therefore, the number of thermoelectric modules may generate current.

Abstract: A compact, countertop cooler for use in dispensing cold, energy-shot beverages at point-of-purchase retail locations. The cooler comprises a housing operative to store and selectively dispense individual containers of beverages through a gravity feed system. Preferably, the cooler will include an outwardly-facing window to facilitate the consumer's ability to see the contents and further, will preferably include a ratchet-type dispensing system to selectively dispense each beverage container individually so as to serve as an anti-theft mechanism, and further dispense at least one and preferably two containers of dissimilar size. The housing will further include a cooling system to provide cooling for the beverages and further, may be provided with decorative indicia to facilitate advertising and the display of product information.

Abstract: A unitary thermoelectric heating and cooling device for foodstuffs is described. In one embodiment, the device includes at least one detachable container to place food stuffs and a sturdy platform which holds the detachable container, comprising at least one thermoelectric module, wherein said module selectively heats or cools food stuffs in the detachable container depending upon desired temperature set, independent to ambient temperature. Further, the device includes a temperature adjusting slider, wherein desired temperature is set and depending on the set temperature, the direction of flow of current in the module is automated through DPDT switch.

Abstract: A turbine generator is formed with a gas-refrigerant storage space over a power generation mechanism inside of a casing and a liquid-refrigerant storage space under the power generation mechanism. The turbine generator is provided with a gas-refrigerant outlet pipe penetrating the casing and leading to the gas-refrigerant storage space and a liquid-refrigerant outlet pipe penetrating the casing and leading to the liquid-refrigerant storage space.

Abstract: A cryogenically-cooled superconducting RF head-coil array which may be used in whole-body MRI scanners and/or in dedicated, head-only MRI systems. An RF head-coil array module may comprise a vacuum thermal isolation housing comprising a double wall hermetically sealed jacket that (i) encloses a hermetically sealed interior space under a vacuum condition, and (ii) substantially encloses an interior chamber region that is separate from the hermetically sealed interior space and is configured to be evacuated to a vacuum condition. A plurality of superconductor radiofrequency coils are disposed in the interior chamber region, and each radiofrequency coil is configured for at least one of generating and receiving a radiofrequency signal for at least one of magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. At least one thermal sink member may be disposed in the interior chamber region and in thermal contact with the superconductor radiofrequency coils.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing ice pieces, the method including filling a mold with water; chilling the water with a refrigeration unit that is operated by a compressor having an initial compressor power; and reducing a compressor power at a predetermined time after the water starts to freeze.

Abstract: A cascade refrigeration system using a first refrigerant or a high stage and a second, R-744, refrigerant for low stage refrigeration has a defrost system including a defrost compressor, a defrost inlet heat exchanger and defrost outlet heat exchanger. The defrost inlet heat exchanger receives a defrost portion of second refrigerant and adds an additional defrost heat load thereto from first refrigerant, thus evaporating defrost portion. Defrost portion is then compressed into high pressure defrost vapor potion in the defrost compressor. The defrost vapor portion is then circulated through a selected evaporator, where a defrost heat, augmented by additional defrost heat load, defrosts selected evaporator, defrost vapor being at least partially condensed into defrost condensed portion which is liquefied in defrost outlet heat exchanger.

Abstract: An oil separator for use in separating oil from refrigerant gas in a chiller system is provided. Its operation is based on centrifugal separation principles and does not require the use any type of filter or media pack to remove oil from refrigerant gas. The oil separator includes a non-circular (e.g., elliptical) refrigerant outlet pipe that transitions the linear flow from the inlet connection to a swirling (e.g., circular) flow within the cylindrical housing. The non-circular shape of the entrance to the refrigerant outlet pipe provides for more turbulent gas flow and a greater extraction of oil as well as minimization of pressure losses.

Abstract: A refrigerator having a refrigerator body including a first cooling chamber and a second cooling chamber, a barrier wall located between the first cooling chamber and the second cooling chamber, an evaporator configured to provide cooling air, a first cooling fan configured to provide cooling air of the evaporator to the first cooling chamber, and a second cooling fan configured to provide cooling air of the evaporator to the second cooling chamber is provided. A method of providing cooling air flow in a refrigerator is also provided.

Abstract: A device (10) for reclaiming water from moist air discharged from a cooling tower (14). The device (10) includes a heat exchanger (16) including an air flow path (18) extending between an air inlet port (20) and an air outlet port (22), and a water flow path (24) extending between a water inlet port (26) and a water outlet port (28). The heat exchanger (16) is configured for, in use, mounting the air inlet port (20) at least partially in a flow path of air discharged from the cooling tower (14) to generate a flow of moist air through the heat exchanger (16) along the air flow path (18). The heat exchanger (16) fluidly connects the water inlet port (26) to the water cooled in the cooling tower (14), and fluidly connects the water outlet port (28) to the water cooled in the cooling tower (14).

Abstract: A microprocessor-controlled beverage dispenser is disclosed, which provides a cold plate having disposed therein beverage lines and refrigerant lines. The refrigerant lines may be connected to a cooling or refrigeration system, including a heat exchanger. The beverage lines may be connected to a beverage supply for dispensing a desired beverage. Valves and pressure sensors in the refrigerant line are engaged with a microprocessor. If the temperature falls below a desired value, then the cooling system is shut off. This permits the microprocessor to closely control the temperature of the beverage being dispensed.

Abstract: An appliance includes a compression stage, a condensation stage, and an evaporation stage. The evaporation stage includes a first evaporator for a first refrigerated enclosure and a second evaporator for a second refrigerated enclosure. A first valve in a condensation stage bypass line is openable to allow a supply of refrigerant to bypass the condensation stage during a defrost mode, where a condensation stage bypass line is positioned between an output of the compression stage and the second evaporator. A second valve is positioned in a line from the second evaporator to the input to the compression stage and is closeable to block a supply of refrigerant from the second evaporator to the compression stage during the defrost mode. An additional line positioned between the second evaporator and the first evaporator carries the supply of refrigerant from the second evaporator to the first evaporator in the defrost mode.

Abstract: A cooling device may include a data center including at least one heat producing equipment and a power source of electric power dedicated to supply electric power only to the data center. The power source may be a renewable power source. The power source may be solar heat. The power source may be a steam turbine. The renewable source may include electrolyses to generate hydrogen. The hydrogen may be stored. The gas turbine may be powered by the hydrogen.

Abstract: The invention relates to an insonification device (100) comprising a plurality of elementary ultrasonic transducers (110) each comprising at least one electro-acoustic element (111) and distributed on a chassis (120, 140) so that the electro-acoustic elements (111) are distributed on a so-called front surface (120?) of the device (100) intended to be placed facing the medium to be insonified. According to the invention, as each transducer (110) comprises a longitudinal body (113) made in a heat conducting material at the so-called front end of which the electro-acoustic element (111) is placed, the chassis (120, 140) comprises a sealed cooling chamber (130) placed behind the front surface (120?), crossed by the bodies of the transducers (113) and intended to be gone through by a coolant fluid flow.

Abstract: A heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) unit. The unit comprises a heat exchanger or drain pan located inside a HVAC housing that has one or more access openings and ultraviolet light-sensitive components therein. The unit also comprises a light located inside of the HVAC housing and a light shield located between the heat exchanger or drain pan and the light source. The light source includes a network of open-ended cells, each cell having ultraviolet light reflective walls. The light shield is oriented to direct an ultraviolet light from the light source through the open-ended cells towards the heat exchanger or drain pan and away from the one or more access openings and ultraviolet light-sensitive components.

Abstract: The present invention relates to electrical circuit systems and methods of using the same. In particular, the present invention provides a system comprising an independent hybrid battery circuit (e.g., powered by a single, multi-output alternator), vehicles comprising the same and systems (e.g., air conditioning systems, heating systems, and fuel line heat systems) powered by the same. In particular, the present invention provides systems comprising a hybrid battery circuit containing one or a plurality of rechargeable batteries (e.g., that power circuit specific component devices) and vehicles comprising the same wherein the hybrid battery circuit is independent from (e.g., not limited by) a vehicle's starter battery circuit. Systems and methods of the present invention find use in reducing vehicle emissions (e.g., carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide and/or particulate emissions), conserving fuel usage, increasing engine life and decreasing engine maintenance costs.

Abstract: A drain pan is disposed below a cooling unit that cools air, receives water of condensation that falls from the cooling unit, and guides the water of condensation into an outer portion of the vehicle air-conditioning apparatus. The drain pan includes a water receiving region, and receives water of condensation; a drain port disposed at a bottom-center portion of the water receiving region; and a rib disposed upright in the bottom portion on a dividing line that passes through the drain port and divides the water receiving region.