Abstract: The subject of the present invention is a new method for designing road asphalts, comprising:—the determination of the optimal bitumen content with compacting experiments using samples made of asphalt mixtures; the optimal bitumen content being the one at which the receptive void volume has a minimum value, depending on the bitumen content; that is, where the compactness of the sample is the highest, and by changing the mass rates in the asphalt mixture, the bitumen content is set to the optimal bitumen content at most. The optimal bitumen content provides the possibility to aim for reaching the highest compactness, i.e. the smallest possible void volume which provides the most favorable fatigue and solidity characteristics.

Abstract: A sample receiving chip comprising a substrate that receives an aliquot volume of a sample fluid and a sample region of the substrate, sized such that the volume of the sample fluid is sufficient to operatively cover a portion of the sample region. The energy imparted into the sample fluid is transduced by the sample region to produce an output signal that indicates energy properties of the sample fluid. The sample receiving chip also includes a channel formed in the substrate, the channel configured to collect the aliquot volume of a sample fluid and transfer the aliquot volume of sample fluid to the sample region.

Abstract: A fluid handling module that is removably engageable with a bodily fluid analyzer is provided. The module may comprise a fluid handling element, and a fluid component separator that is accessible via the fluid handling element and configured to separate at least one component of a bodily fluid transported to the fluid component separator. The fluid handling element may have at least one control element interface.

Abstract: A test stand for an internal combustion engine (1) is equipped with a drive (2) and/or load system (3), a force transmission device (4) with a system (5) for a non-destructive and play-free automatic coupling of the internal combustion engine (1) to the drive (2) and/or load system (3), and a sensor and evaluation system for automatically collecting and evaluating measurement variables. The system (5) for a non-destructive and play-free automatic coupling of the internal combustion engine includes an internally toothed and longitudinally slotted clamping sleeve (12) for receiving an element (13) of the internal combustion engine (1) in a form and force fitting manner, wherein the outer side of the clamping sleeve (12) is conically formed and interacts with a clamping collet (10) which is conically formed on the inside.

Abstract: A test stand for an internal combustion engine (1) is provided with a drive (2) and/or load system (3), a force transmission device (4) for connecting the internal combustion engine with the drive and/or load system (3), and a sensor and evaluation system for automatically collecting and evaluating measurement variables, wherein the force transmission device (4) comprises a system for detecting torque and rotation angle (6), which system is coupled to the internal combustion engine in a torsionally stiff manner. To achieve a coupling between the test object and the system for detecting torque and rotation angle, which coupling is improved for exact measurements, the force transmission device has at least one vibration damper (7) which is arranged on that side of the system for detecting torque and rotation angle (6) which is opposite to the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A method of tire testing comprising applying a drive torque to a tire and a wheel assembly about an axis of rotation to drive the tire and wheel assembly and a rotatable drum with the tire in rolling contact with the rotatable drum; controlling a load pressure of the tire against the rotatable drum; and adjusting a lateral position of the tire across a surface of the rotatable drum.

Abstract: Disclosed is automatic visual inspection equipment of a tire in which eccentricity of a rim-assembled tire is prevented by preventing the tire from being deformed by the load of an upper rim. An upper rim is previously pulled up to the side of a main shaft by an upper rim pull-up mechanism, which is fixed to the side of a main shaft. The lower rim is elevated up to the upper rim to fix the upper rim to the tire, and the rim-assembled tire is fixed to the main shaft. Only the upper rim pull-up mechanism is lowered and visual inspection of the tire is performed by rotating the main shaft. A positioning means is provided and includes a positioning pin and a positioning hole provided between the upper surface of an upper rim connector and the lower end surface of the upper rim fixing portion of the main shaft.

Abstract: A device for generating electrical energy in a rotating system for the purpose of supplying electric current to electronic components in the system, comprising external forces, acting on the system, that act on piezoelectrically active energy converters in the system, as a result of which electrical energy is generated, and comprising an electronic system for processing the generated electrical energy and transferring it to the components.

Abstract: A measuring apparatus to measure adhesion of a tape includes a supporting plate slanting related to horizon, and a ball. The tape is attached to the supporting plate with an adhesive surface opposite to the supporting plate. The ball rolls on the tape along the supporting plate. The ball would be held by the tape according to the weight of the ball and the adhesion of the tape, thereby assessing the adhesion. The measuring apparatus further includes a base, a positioning mechanism mounted to the supporting plate, and an angle-adjusting mechanism engaging with the base and the supporting plate and capable of rotating related to the base to adjust a slanting angle of the supporting plate. The positioning mechanism includes a frame to releasably hold and position the ball.

Abstract: A retrievable downhole testing tool that is adapted to be temporarily installed in a well is disclosed. The retrievable downhole testing tool comprises a variable choke, a tool control unit adapted to control the variable choke, and at least two measuring sensors adapted to measure physical parameters including pressure. At least one measuring sensor is situated above the variable choke, and at least one measuring sensor is situated below the variable choke. The retrievable downhole testing tool is pre-programmed with a specified test sequence for controlling a downhole flow rate using the variable choke and for executing downhole measurements of physical parameters at specified flow periods. The specified test sequence is adapted according to a pre-defined stability criterion using the tool control unit.

Abstract: A touch roller is pressed to the surface of a sheet being conveyed in a space and the amount of displacement of the touch roller is measured to evaluate the sag of the sheet at the position at which the touch roller is pressed against the sheet. The method enables the sag of a sheet to be accurately evaluated with the use of a device having a relatively simple structure and easily maintained.

Abstract: The invention relates to improving a system element for releasably sealed connecting of a measurement recorder to a fluid system, having a measurement chamber (6) that can be connected to the fluid system allowing flow through the same, wherein the measurement chamber (6) is formed in a housing (1) and a part of the wall of the measurement chamber (6) is formed by a membrane (2) that is substantially more flexible than the remainder of the wall of the measurement chamber (6), wherein the part of the wall adjacent to the membrane forms an outer wall (9) having an edge (10) whereon the membrane (2) bears, and the membrane (2) comprises a circumferential bead (11) located on the side of the membrane (2) facing the measurement chamber (6), wherein according to the invention, the bead (11) engages in a recess (12) formed in the housing (1) about the outer wall (9); and running around the measurement chamber (6), and protruding pins (13) are disposed in the region of the recess (12) about the outer wall (9), and wh

Abstract: The liquid level sensing device includes rotating electrically conductive probes and uses a self-cleaning rotary electrical connection system with a contact stylus on a rotating conductive barrel, for sensing a liquid level in a dispensing container of an aircraft galley insert. The probes, pivot arms of the probes, rotating drum and stylus may have an exterior surface formed of an electrically conductive, corrosion resistant material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sensor arrangement for determining a tank fill level of a liquid, especially a reducing agent for removing nitrogen from the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, which liquid is contained in a tank, at least two electrically conductive measuring electrodes being at least partially embedded in a carrier that is produced of an electrically non-conductive material. The sensor arrangement includes a temperature sensor, especially a resistor with negative temperature coefficient being used as a temperature sensor, which is integrated into the carrier.

Abstract: A moister sensor, for measuring moister in a building without leaving visible scars to the building surface, is provided. The moister sensor includes a flexible carrier carrying an antenna for receiving EM-radiation between 9 kHz and 11 MHz and a resonant circuit including a moister reactive element. The moister reactive element includes a hygroscopic electrolyte arranged between a first and a second electrode, wherein the electrolyte in the presence of moister forms mobile ions and provides a complex impedance at least in response to the alternating voltage, which complex impedance varies with the moister content of the electrolyte.

Abstract: An enclosed sensor assembly (10) for permanent mounting within a road (12) flush with the top surface (14) thereof, has a housing 16, a sensor 38 and an upper cover (44). The housing (16) has a flat bottom portion (20); first side wall portions (22) and second side wall portions (32). The first side wall portions (22) are attached to the flat bottom portion (20) at the periphery (24) thereof, which, together with the flat bottom portion, defines a sensor enclosing pocket (26) having an upper interface portion (30). The second side wall portions (32) are attached to the first side wall portions (22) and laterally extend from the first side wall portions so as to define at least one lateral epoxy receiving pocket (34). Optionally, dead spaces (36) adjacent the sensor pocket (26) are provided which help isolate the sensor pocket against entry of epoxy (30). The sensor (38) installs in the sensor pocket (26).

Abstract: Angular rate sensors cause a stream of fluid to flow by heating the fluid. A trajectory of the stream of fluid is deflected by Coriolis forces. Apparatus according to some embodiments provides two heaters spaced apart along a channel. A stream of gas can be made to flow along the channel by operating one of the heaters. The flow can be periodically reversed by alternating operation of the heaters. Temperature sensors may be applied to detect deflection of the flowing gas. Angular rate sensors may be fabricated inexpensively by micromachining techniques.

Abstract: A capacitive acceleration sensor includes an acceleration sensor moving part and an acceleration sensor stationary part together forming a capacitor for detecting acceleration, a sealing structure hermetically enclosing but not contacting the acceleration sensor moving part, and at least one support pillar enclosed by but not directly contacted by the acceleration sensor moving part, both ends of the at least one support pillar being in contact with inside walls of the sealing structure. The acceleration sensor moving part is electrically connected to the at least one support pillar.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus utilize a rate of drop in pressure upstream of a gas flow controller (GFC) to accurately measure a rate of flow through the GFC. Measurement of the gas flow through the many gas flow controllers in production use today is enabled, without requiring any special or sophisticated pressure regulators or other special components. Various provisions ensure that none of the changes in pressure that occur during or after the measurement perturb the constant flow of gas through the GFC under test.

Abstract: It is described a method of measurement of the volume VD of the flow-rate of electrically conductive liquids the conductivity of which is at least codetermined by at least one parameter p, wherein the liquid flows through a vessel having a predetermined shape, and wherein the respective filling volume Vo is determined by at least one measured value x, which is measured by an electrical conductivity measuring device comprising electrodes, wherein the vessel is filled in succession and then is emptied through its outlet, through which the filling heights h are constantly changing. At least one reference table comprising calibration measured values xR and filling volumes Vo belonging to them is constructed by means of calibration measurements using several liquid samples, which have different p-values and different filling heights h in the vessel.

Abstract: An acoustic displacement flowmeter for determining flow rate of a fluid has a fluid flow line defining a flow path for the fluid. The fluid flow line has an inlet and an outlet. A controllable valve is positioned along the fluid flow line for opening and closing the flow path as desired, and an acoustic displacement transducer having a fluid port is coupled to the fluid flow line upstream from the controllable valve. The outlet of the fluid flow line extends through a wall isolating fluid exhausted from the outlet of the fluid flow line from electrical and/or mechanical components residing inside the flowmeter, thereby preventing the exhausted fluid, if explosive, from contacting such electrical and/or mechanical components which may act as potential ignition sources. Preferably, a manifold having a rigid body is provided in which the fluid flow line is formed.

Abstract: A Coriolis flowmeter 10 vibrates a measurement tube through which a fluid subject to measurement flows, detects vibrations including Coriolis force developed in the fluid from the vibrations, and measures a mass flow rate of the fluid from a detection signal. The Coriolis flowmeter is characterized by including fluctuation calculation section 50 that calculates fluctuations from a detection signal SA; status value calculation section 60 that calculates a status value showing a state of air bubbles in the fluid from the fluctuations calculated by the fluctuation calculation section 50, and determination section 70 that determines a state of air bubbles from the status value calculated by the status value calculation section 60.

Abstract: [Object] To provide a signal processing apparatus which may always perform measurement with constant precision and performs phase measurement with high filtering performance and a small amount of computation even when a temperature of a fluid to be measured changes, air bubbles are mixed into the fluid to be measured, or the fluid to be measured rapidly changes from a gas to a liquid. [Solving Means] In a Coriolis flowmeter, a vibrator is operated to vibrate at least one flow tube or a pair of flow tubes (2 and 3). A phase difference and/or a vibration frequency proportional to a Coriolis force acting on the flow tubes (2 and 3) are/is detected by vibration detection sensors to obtain a mass flow rate and/or density of the fluid to be measured.

Abstract: A sensor apparatus includes a resilient member positioned near a rod member and a strain sensor operatively connected to the resilient member. The rod member includes an eccentric member, which causes the resilient member to deflect as the rod member rotates. The strain sensor measures the strain in the resilient member due to the deflections caused by the eccentric member. The amount of strain relates to a rotational position of the rod member.

Abstract: A method and tube for separating a sample. The tube is configured to separate agglomerated or clumped material or other sample components having over a particular size from other smaller size portions of the sample. For example, blood clots may be separated from serum of a blood sample. The tube includes a chamber with a closed bottom and a sidewall extending upwardly from the bottom, and a sample inlet branch coupled to the chamber. A slit is positioned between the chamber and the sample inlet branch so that after a sample is placed into the sample inlet branch, a portion of the sample having a size smaller than the slit (e.g., liquid material) passes through the slit and into the chamber, and material in the sample having a size larger than the slit remains in the sample inlet branch.

Abstract: The invention provides a probe and a method of obtaining a three-dimensional compositional map of one or more targets in a biological sample, or a portion thereof, comprising: (a) milling a surface layer of a biological sample with a focused ion beam, thereby creating a newly exposed surface layer of the biological sample; (b) imaging the newly exposed surface layer of the biological sample; (c) identifying the chemical composition of the newly exposed surface layer of the biological sample, or a portion thereof, with a mass spectrometer; and (d) repeating (a) to (c) until a three-dimensional compositional map of one or more targets in the biological sample, or portion thereof, is obtained. Uses of the three-dimensional map obtained from the inventive method are further provided.

Abstract: A ball-screw drive, which has a spindle nut arranged on a threaded spindle and an axial bearing which is arranged so as to act on the threaded spindle and which has a bearing part arranged so as to be rotatable relative to the threaded spindle. The bearing part is arranged so as to be captively retained on the threaded spindle by a captive retention means.

Abstract: Gear mechanism with a continuously variable gear ratio between an input shaft (1) and an output shaft (2), which has at least two pendulum arms (9) that are mounted to pivot around an axis (10) and that are offset into a uniform lifting motion (21) that alternately and mutually overlaps in the work cycles by the rotation of the input shaft (1) and the cam disks (7) that are connected to it in a form-fitting manner, and the arms convert by element of two adjusting parts (15) that can be moved along the pendulum arm adjustment path (20) or by element of two pendulum arms (15) that can be moved by the pendulum shaft (10) along the pendulum arm adjustment path (20) in the variable-length back-and-forth motion of the two gear mechanism elements (26), and this alternating motion is transmitted to the two couplings (27) that are dependent upon the direction of rotation, where it in turn converts into a continuous and uniform rotation of an output shaft (2), whereby each pendulum arm (15) under load is automatically

Abstract: Disclosed is a constantly-meshing-type multi-stage transmission which can be operated with small forces, does not need a clutch for gear shift, has no loss of changeover time at the time of gear shift, and in which a loss of the driving force is prevented. Driven gears n1, n2, . . . n5 are supported on a hollow driven gear shaft 12 in a manner engageable with and disengageable from a hollow driven gear shaft 12 via swing pawl members 24, 25. The transmission has first engaging means 25 for engaging the gear shaft 12 with a first driven gear n1, so as to effect synchronous rotation thereof; and second engaging means 25 for engaging the gear shaft 12 with a second gear n2, one step lower in reduction gear ratio than the first gear n1, so as to effect synchronous rotation thereof.

Abstract: Reverse gear for a motor vehicle transmission is achieved through a chain assembly having two sprockets and a multi-link chain. One of the sprockets is coupled to a clutch which selectively connects it to an input or output shaft. The other sprocket is directly coupled to the other, i.e., output or input shaft. The multi-link chain carries drive torque from the input shaft to the output shaft when the clutch is engaged. Because the other driving connections between the input shaft and the output shaft associated with the forward gears or gear ratios are through gears which cause a reversal of rotational direction, the driving connection achieved by the chain assembly, without a directional reversal, is, in fact, opposite in direction to the rotational direction of the forward gears, thereby providing reverse.

Abstract: The invention concerns a gearwheel (1) with a gear rim (2) and an insert (3) whose external diameter (d3) is greater than half of the external diameter (d1) of the gearwheel (1), wherein the insert (3) is surrounded by injection molding by means of a cone mold during the manufacture of the gearwheel. In particular, the gear rim (2), including gear teeth on the external circumference, is formed at the same time during the injection molding process.

Abstract: A shifter apparatus is associated with a neutral lock lever and includes a detent ball bearing, a shaft seal, a detent spring, and a retention pin. A shaft associated with the neutral lock lever can be inserted into a matching hole configured within or integrated with a shifter housing. The shaft can be rotated if a cammed lobe portion associated with the shaft moves into an inner wall of the shifter housing. The retention pin can be pressed via an end of the neutral lock lever into a groove located on an outside wail of the shifter housing after the neutral lock lever is rotated into position. The retention pin rides inside the groove thereby limiting the rotation of the neutral lock lever. The neutral lock lever locks the shift lever in a neutral position preventing accidental movement of the vehicle in a forward and a reverse direction.

Abstract: A bar end electric shifter is provided for bicycle. The bar end electric shifter has a base member, a brake lever and a shift operating member. The base member includes a handlebar mounting portion and a brake lever mounting portion. The handlebar mounting portion is configured to be fixedly mounted to a free end of a handlebar. The brake lever is pivotally disposed on the brake lever mounting portion about a brake pivot axis. The brake lever includes an elongated brake operating portion extending from the brake pivot axis and a proximal portion adjacent to the brake pivot axis. The shift operating member is disposed on the proximal portion of the brake lever to move therewith.

Abstract: A brake level for a bicycle is assembled and disassembled by a locking method. After assembly of the brake level, a brake cable can be assembled to the brake level just by means of a single through hole. By such arrangements, the assembling cost of the brake level can be reduced, and the brake level can be assembled and disassembled repeatedly.

Abstract: A tuned damped absorber arrangement is used to attenuate the response of an encoder. A vibration problem occurs on rotary axis heads which are used in machining operations. When using long slender tools, a vibration can be created which causes the encoder to lose its position. The device uses a tuned damped absorber that is attached to the input shaft of the encoder to dampen unwanted vibration.

Abstract: A bearing for a connecting rod includes a retainer having a plurality of pockets spaced about a circumference of the retainer, a first end that defines a first flange, and a second end that defines a second flange opposite the first flange. The bearing also includes a plurality of radial bearing elements that supports a radial load, and each of the plurality of radial bearing elements is positioned in one of the plurality of pockets. A first plurality of axial bearing elements is positioned on the first flange and receives at least a portion of an axial load, and a second plurality of axial bearing elements is positioned on the second flange and receives at least a portion of the axial load.

Abstract: A bottom bracket assembly for a bicycle includes a bottom bracket, two axles mounted on the bottom bracket and two cranks each having a mounting tube mounted on the respective axle. Each of the axles has a first engaging face, and the mounting tube of each of the cranks has a second engaging face engaging the first engaging face of the respective axle. Thus, the first engaging face extends through a partial portion of the circumference of each of the axles, and the second engaging face extends through a partial portion of the circumference of the mounting tube of each of the cranks to reduce the clearance between the mounting tube and the respective axle, so that the mounting tube of each of the cranks and the respective axle are combined together closely and tightly.

Abstract: A bicycle crank comprises an L-type left crank and an L-type right crank. The L-type left/right cranks are respectively and integrally composed of a crank and a connection head, and includes a through hole passing through the crank and the connection head, a left compression shaft and a right compression shaft respectively disposed to terminals of the through holes of the L-type left/right cranks, a cone shaped member in which two ends are respectively disposed in the left and right compression shafts and the inner surface has screw threads, a rotary sleeve that is a hollow and integrally formed, and two locking members in which a terminal has screw threads corresponding to the cone shaped member and for respectively passing through the through holes and locked to two ends of the cone shaped member to connect the L-type left crank and the L-type right crank.

Abstract: An in-wheel motor drive device (21) includes a motor part A, a reducer part B, a wheel hub C, and a reducer part lubricating mechanism to supply a lubricant oil to the reducer part. The reducer part lubricating mechanism includes a lubricant oil path (25c), a lubricant oil supply port (25d), a lubricant oil discharge port (22b), a circulation oil path (45) passing through a casing (22) to connect the lubricant oil discharge port (22b) to the lubricant oil path (25c), and to return the lubricant oil discharged from the lubricant oil discharge port (22b) to the lubricant oil path (25c), a cooling water path (22e) provided in the casing (22) so as to be in contact with the circulation oil path (45) to cool down the lubricant oil passing through the circulation oil path (45), and a partition member (49) arranged in a contact position between the circulation oil path (45) and the cooling water path (22e), to separate them.

Abstract: An automatic transmission comprises a transmission casing that houses therein a speed change mechanism and a parking mechanism, the speed change mechanism including a plurality of rotating members; an air breather chamber provided by the transmission casing, the breather chamber being communicated with the outside air; and a breather chamber opening through which an interior of the transmission casing and the air breather chamber are fluidly communicated with each other, the breather chamber opening being exposed to the interior of the transmission casing. The transmission casing has a predetermined housing space to which the breather chamber opening as well as the rotating members are exposed, and the parking mechanism is projected into the predetermined housing space at a position between the breather chamber opening and each of the rotating members.

Abstract: An automatic transmission has a transmission casing accommodating a transmission mechanism and a filter case attached to the transmission casing and having an oil filter. The transmission casing has a concave portion with which at least an oil inlet or an oil outlet communicates and an overhanging portion positioned close to the concave portion and extending along a surface of the transmission casing with a clearance provided between the surface and the overhanging portion. The filter case has a case body inserted into the concave portion, a seal member sealing a boundary between an outer circumferential surface of the case body and an inside surface of the concave portion, a first brim portion protruding from the outer circumferential surface and fixed to the surface of the transmission casing, and a second brim portion protruding from the outer circumferential surface and inserted into the clearance.

Abstract: A driveline yoke is integrally formed as one-piece with a brake rotor. At least one caliper includes a friction element that selectively engages the brake rotor. In one example, the yoke is coupled to a front output of a transfer case and the caliper is mounted to a housing of the transfer case with the friction element engaging a braking surface on the brake rotor in response to a parking brake request.

Abstract: A metal powder production system includes a vacuum chamber having a vacuum chamber interior, a stock feed mechanism communicating with the vacuum chamber interior, a radiation source provided in the vacuum chamber interior, a cooling chamber having a cooling chamber interior communicating with the vacuum chamber interior and a container communicating with the cooling chamber interior. A metal powder production method is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing silver nanoparticles by employing ethanolamine. The method of this invention can be easily operated and no organic solvent is required. Ethanolamine first reacts with a mixture of poly(oxyalkylene)-amine/epoxy or copolymers of poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) (abbreviated as SMA) to generate polymeric polymers. The polymeric polymers then reduce silver ions to silver atoms which are dispersed in the form of silver nanoparticles. Functional groups of the polymeric polymers can chelate with silver ions and be stably compatible with water or organic solvents, whereby the silver nanoparticles can be stably dispersed without aggregation and the produced silver nanoparticles.

Abstract: A method for producing molten iron by melting an iron source material using an iron bath-type melting furnace comprising a top-blowing lance at an upper part of the furnace, a bottom-blowing tuyere in the bottom of the furnace and a tap hole at a lower part on the side of the furnace, the method comprising: a melting process of charging the iron source material, a carbonaceous material and a flux into the furnace and top-blowing an oxygen-containing gas through the top-blowing lance while blowing an inert gas through the bottom-blowing tuyere into melt present in the furnace to stir the melt to thereby melt the iron source material and generate the molten iron and slag using combustion heat of combusting carbon in the carbonaceous material and/or in the molten iron, wherein the melting process has at least one tapping process of discharging the molten iron and the slag through the tap hole while holding a position of the furnace in generating the molten iron, and the tapping process continues or interrupts ge

Abstract: Glycol ether compositions useful for metal recovery by froth flotation and processes for making the compositions are disclosed. In one process, dipropylene glycol methyl ether (DPM) is propoxylated to give a composition comprising 4 to 15 wt. % of DPM and at least 20 wt. % of tripropylene glycol methyl ether (TPM). In another process, the glycol ether composition is made from a distillation residue which comprises DPM, TPM, and a basic catalyst. Extraction of the residue with water to remove some of the basic catalyst is followed by propoxylated to give a composition which comprises less than 15 wt. % of DPM, at least 20 wt. % of TPM, and one or more PO-based glycols. In comparative froth tests, glycol ether compositions of the invention meet or exceed the performance of commercial frothers.

Abstract: A process for the production and/or treatment of at least one metal in a reactor includes discharging a waste gas stream via a waste gas conduit and after-treating the waste gas stream by supplying a cooling gas and/or a cooling gas mixture. The after-treating includes injecting the cooling gas and/or cooling gas mixture into the waste gas conduit on a side of the waste gas conduit facing the reactor, at a high velocity and substantially tangentially with respect to a main flow direction of the waste gas. A volume of the cooling gas and/or the cooling gas mixture injected into the waste gas conduit is adjusted so as to reduce a mixing temperature below a melting temperature of the molten particles and/or a condensation temperature of the vaporous constituents of the waste gas stream.

Abstract: A method for producing a cyanide including the steps of supplying a hydrocarbon and nitrogen source to an onsite plasma reactor and removing cyanide synthesised inside the onsite plasma reactor to thereby produce the cyanide is disclosed. Also disclosed is a method which includes a monitor for monitoring the cyanide requirement of an onsite cyanide utilising system and supplying the hydrocarbon and nitrogen source in accordance with the cyanide requirement. Additionally, a method for recovering, refining, purifying or treating a metal including the steps of monitoring a cyanide requirement of the method and supplying to the method in a just in time sequence a cyanide synthesised onsite to thereby recover, refine, purify or treat the metal is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a refractory aggregate composition comprising an improved calcium aluminate clinker having the formula CnAx wherein C is calcium oxide and A is aluminum oxide, wherein n is an integer from about 1 to about 12, wherein x is an integer from about 1 to about 24, and wherein said clinker has from zero to less than about fifty weight percent C12A7. Analogs, derivatives and hydrates of the improved calcium aluminate clinker are provided. A refractory composition and a sprayable refractory composition are disclosed comprising the improved calcium aluminate clinker. A method for improving the insulating character and/or penetration resistance of a liner in contact with molten aluminum in an aluminum manufacturing process or during aluminum transport is provided.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a formulation created by reacting sodium hydroxide, water, and silicon metal which has unique properties and many uses. The present invention further relates to the separation of fine particle gold and other precious metals from clays and other gangue materials through application of a diluted solution of a silicon chemical. The present invention further relates to the use of the diluted solution of the silicon chemical with vibration tables, concentrators, wash towers, hydro-cyclones and centrifuges and the like to aid in the separation of fine particle gold and other precious metals from clays and other gangue materials.