Abstract: Two paperboard webs saturated with a B-phase phenolic resin are fed through separate low melting point metal alloy baths, one web after being corrugated, to convert the resin to A-phase, whereafter the webs are joined to form a waterproof single face corrugated web.

Abstract: A composite structure, and method of manufacturing it, having a specified width, length, and height defining a top and bottom the composite structure. The composite structure includes a three dimensional structural core constructed of a polymer with a first series of a geometric pattern repeated along its length. The structural core also has a second series of the geometric pattern repeated along the width thereof. The geometric patter may be a sinusoidal curve or a substantially pyramidal shape. The composite structure also includes a first reinforcement layer made of a polymer positioned above the structural core and bonded thereto. It also includes a second reinforcement layer made of a polymer that is positioned below the structural core and bonded thereto. The composite structure may also include a decorative layer above the first reinforcement layer, an acoustical batting layer positioned between the first reinforcement layer and the structural core, and may include fire retardant chemicals.

Abstract: Process for making a variable stretch composite comprising the steps of providing a first extensible fibrous substrate, printing a first elastomeric composition to a first elasticized region of the substrate, printing a second elastomeric composition to a second elasticized region of the substrate, and incrementally stretching at least a portion of the composite perform to form a variable stretch composite.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and a method for manufacturing a heat insulator, including: a feeder for feeding a cross-linked foam polyethylene sheet; a frame having winders provided at front and rear sides thereof, the winders being designed for winding a completed heat insulator; a cutting part provided at a leading side of the frame, a widening part provided at a rear side of the cutting part, which is for transforming the cutoff slots into cells by widening a width of the cross-linked foam polyethylene sheet formed with the cutoff slots; a cooling part provided at a rear side of the widening part, which has cooling rollers to continuously maintain a widened width of the cross-linked foam polyethylene sheet and a shape of the cells transformed from the cutoff slots; and a sheet-attaching part provided at a rear side of the cooling part.

Abstract: Method for producing a one-piece stopper with a carrier body of an elastomeric material and an inert layer, the carrier body having a disk-shaped outer portion and an inner portion that protrudes in the manner of a spigot from the outer portion. The inner portion is molded under the effect of heat in a molding tool from a sheet of elastomeric material and an inert film and subsequently punched out. The outer portion is molded onto the inner portion by means of injection molding, whereby the stopper is given its final form.

Abstract: A co-extrusion process enhances the durability of the ultimate product over previous systems which use relatively fragile paint coatings to limit heat absorption. By providing near-IR transmissive and reflective pigments within the co-extruded polymers, a highly durable finished product is obtained. The co-extruded layers are disclosed for use in fence and deck applications, but will also find application in a wide variety of building product applications, both exterior and interior.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a honeycomb structure includes molding a ceramic raw material to manufacture honeycomb molded bodies. The honeycomb molded bodies are fired to manufacture honeycomb fired bodies. End faces of at least two of the honeycomb fired bodies are joined interposing a joining material between the end faces to manufacture honeycomb joined bodies each having a length larger than a length of each honeycomb fired body. Side faces of the honeycomb joined bodies are bonded interposing an adhesive paste between the side faces to manufacture an aggregated body of the honeycomb joined bodies. The adhesive paste is dried and solidified to manufacture a honeycomb block including the aggregated body. The honeycomb block is separated at the joining material into at least two honeycomb blocks.

Abstract: A production method of a three-dimensional pattern is disclosed. First, an adhesive layer is applied on a three-dimensional workpiece. Next, a film is vacuum adsorbed on the adhesive layer so that the film is impressed onto the adhesive layer to form the three-dimensional pattern on the adhesive layer. Finally, the adhesive layer is cured.

Abstract: A miniaturized lens assembly includes an image-capturing unit, a lens unit, and a binding layer. The image-capturing unit includes an image-capturing member. The lens unit includes an image-projecting portion for projecting an image along an optical axis to the image-capturing member. The binding layer extends around the optical axis, and binds the image-capturing unit to the lens unit. The binding layer includes a photosensitive polymeric material and spaces apart the lens unit and the image-capturing unit. A method for making the miniaturized lens assembly is also disclosed.

Abstract: An adhesive composition of the present invention contains, as a main composition, a polymer obtained by copolymerizing a monomer composition containing a monomer having a maleimide group, and further contains a thermal polymerization inhibitor. As a result, it is possible to provide an adhesive composition that allows forming an adhesive layer that is excellently dissolved after the adhesive layer has been subjected to a high-temperature process.

Abstract: A manufacturing system of an optical display device in which the following can be attained in the case of bonding optical members to optical display units, respectively: an optical member to be excluded, which is, for example, an optical member judged as a defective member, can be appropriately excluded so that the optical member is not bonded onto any optical display unit and a manufacturing method of an optical display device.

Abstract: A linerless duplex label system is operable to print and apply a linerless duplex label to a substrate. A plurality of linerless duplex labels are provided and each label includes a single-ply stock with top and bottom faces. The label also includes an endless adhesive border applied to the bottom face. The adhesive border is an unactivated, selectively activatable adhesive, such labels are overlaid on one another without any substantial adhesion therebetween. Each label may essentially be freely removed from the others, and the adhesive may thereafter be activated so that the label can be adhesively applied to the substrate.

Abstract: An image display apparatus manufacturing method comprises: arranging a bonding material between a pair of base materials acting as a first or second substrate and a frame member, wherein the bonding material includes a main portion extending along the frame member in a closed shape, and a thinner additional portion branching from the main portion as an elongation of a side constituting the main portion; and bonding, as mutually pressing to each other the base materials, the pair of the base materials by the bonding material, by irradiating an electromagnetic wave to the main portion while moving an irradiation position along the bonding material to melt the main portion, and then hardening the melted main portion. Thus, a crack having a possibility of occurrence and widening from the corners of the bonding material can be easily suppressed.

Abstract: It arranges a bonding material between a pair of base materials having different heat capacities and in which a difference between thermal expansion coefficients thereof is within 10×10?7/° C.; and bonds the pair of the base materials by the bonding material, by irradiating electromagnetic wave to the bonding material to melt and then harden it, wherein a thermal expansion coefficient at part of the bonding material facing one of the pair of the base materials of which the heat capacity is smaller is smaller than a thermal expansion coefficient at part of the bonding material facing the other of the pair of the base materials of which the heat capacity is larger by a difference within 10×10?7/° C., thereby bonding the base materials of which a difference of thermal expansion coefficients is relatively small, as preventing breakage and crack from occurring and further suppressing a degree of warp.

Abstract: A bonding step of an image display apparatus manufacturing method includes, after bringing a first or second substrate opposite to a face of a frame member having a bonding material thereon into contact with the bonding material, bonding the first or second substrate opposite to the face of the frame member having the bonding material thereon and the frame member to each other, by irradiating a laser beam to the bonding material through at least a underlying layer. Here, the underlying layer includes a material which absorbs the laser beam easily, and the laser beam is irradiated to a predetermined range. Thus, in bonding of base materials by irradiation of the laser beam, it is possible to reduce damages such as occurrence of disconnection and short circuit in wirings, and achieve reliability and excellent airtightness of the image display apparatus.

Abstract: A method comprises: arranging a bonding material between a pair of base materials; and bonding, as mutually pressing the pair of the base materials, the pair of the base materials by the bonding material, by irradiating an electromagnetic wave while moving an irradiation position along the bonding material to melt and then harden the bonding material, wherein the arranging includes arranging the bonding material on one of faces of the pair of the base materials so as to have a convex portion which continuously extends in a direction along which the bonding material extends and in which its central region in a width direction protrudes toward the other of the faces of the pair of the base materials. Thus, a stress according to heating and cooling of the base material is reduced and crack does not occur easily in a bonding portion.

Abstract: A process for lining a pipeline, comprising the following steps: pouring in an adhesive, introducing the tube with inversion into the pipeline by applying pressure, providing the conditions for the adhesive situated on the outside of the tube by irradiation using energy-containing waves, and maintaining the internal pressure in the introduced tube until the adhesive is cured, severing the connection between the tube and a retaining strap, which extends through the entire tube in the longitudinal direction thereof, at the end which is at the front in the direction of movement of the tube after the tube has been introduced, coupling the severed end of the retaining strap outside the pipeline to a radiation unit, using the retaining strap to pull the radiation unit, in the non-activated state, through the tube as far as the end thereof which is at the rear in the direction of movement of said tube, pulling the supply cable for the radiation unit into the tube behind said unit, and then using the supply cable to

Abstract: A sheet sticking apparatus 10 includes: an openable and closeable case 14 for accommodating a table 11 for supporting a semiconductor wafer W, and forming a decompression chamber C therein; a feeding means 15 for feeding an adhesive sheet S to a position where the adhesive sheet S faces the semiconductor wafer W; and a sandwiching means 29 disposed, in the case 14, in a position relative to the table 11. The sandwiching means 29 sandwiches only an outer periphery portion of the semiconductor wafer W together with the adhesive sheet S by interaction with the table 11 in a state where a single decompression chamber C is formed by closing the case 14. Thereafter, the adhesive sheet S is stuck to the semiconductor wafer W by releasing the reduced pressure in the decompression chamber C.

Abstract: A moving tracks dozer equalizer link elastomeric bearing assembly including a concentric outer member operable for securely engaging a equalizer link bore structure associated with a first end portion of an equalizer link structural member, wherein the to concentric outer member is disposed substantially within the equalizer link bore structure. The dozer equalizer link elastomeric bearing assembly also including a concentric inner member operable for securely engaging a pin structure associated with a second moving track roller frame assembly structural member, wherein the concentric inner member is disposed substantially within the concentric outer member.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for the manufacture of semiconductor devices suitable for narrow pitch applications and methods of fabrication thereof are described herein. Disclosed are various single chambers configured to form and/or shape a material layer by oxidizing a surface of a material layer to form an oxide layer; removing at least some of the oxide layer by an etching process; and cyclically repeating the oxidizing and removing processes until the material layer is formed to a desired shape. In some embodiments, the material layer may be a floating gate of a semiconductor device.

Abstract: A plasma monitoring device is provided with a measuring section, and a coaxial cable connected to the measuring section. One end of the coaxial cable is inserted into a plasma generating region in a processing chamber. A leading end portion of the coaxial cable is permitted to be a probe, and the portion is in a state where the core cable is exposed. The measuring section detects frequency distribution of electromagnetic waves existing in plasma detected by the probe portion of the coaxial cable, and displays the detected frequency distribution.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for the manufacture of semiconductor devices suitable for narrow pitch applications and methods of fabrication thereof are described herein. Disclosed are various single chambers configured to form and/or shape a material layer by oxidizing a surface of a material layer to form an oxide layer; removing at least some of the oxide layer by an etching process; and cyclically repeating the oxidizing and removing processes until the material layer is formed to a desired shape. In some embodiments, the material layer may be a floating gate of a semiconductor device.

Abstract: A plasma processing apparatus includes a shower head that supplies a gas toward a substrate in a shower pattern through a plurality of gas discharge holes provided in a facing surface of the shower head facing a mounting table; a multiple number of gas exhaust holes provided in the facing surface of the shower head; a vertically movable ring-shaped member that is installed along a circumference of the mounting table and is configured to form, at a raised position, a processing space surrounded by the mounting table, the shower head and the ring-shaped member; a multiplicity of gas supply holes opened in an inner wall of the ring-shaped member to supply a gas into the processing space; and a plurality of gas exhaust holes opened in an inner wall of the ring-shaped member to evacuate the processing space.

Abstract: A microwave introducing mechanism 43 includes a cylindrical container 50; an inner conductor 52, coaxially provided in the container 50, a microwave transmission path being defined between the container 50 and the inner conductor 52; a tuner 44 for adjusting an impedance of the microwave transmission path 53; and an antenna section 45 including an antenna 51 for radiating to the chamber a microwave transmitted through the microwave transmission path 53. The tuner 44 includes a pair of slugs 58 made of a dielectric material and movable along the inner conductor 52; an actuator 59 for moving the slugs 58; and a controller 60. The controller 60 controls both the slugs 58 to move together in a range of a ½ wavelength of the microwave and one of the slugs 58 to move in a range of a ¼ wavelength of the microwave with regard to the other slug.

Abstract: A device for sensing a curled film in a laminating machine essentially includes rollers and a photoelectric sensor disposed behind the rollers. Working on the principle that reflectance varies with surfaces of different objects, the photoelectric sensor continuously projects a visible or invisible light onto surfaces of the rollers. When there is a foreign matter on the rollers, or when a laminating film is curled around one of the rollers, the intensity of reflected light received by the photoelectric sensor changes. The change of intensity is converted by means of the photoelectric sensor and related circuits into a change of voltage so as to activate a safety mechanism, which includes giving off an alarm and ejecting the to-be-laminated object. Thus, not only is the motor of the laminating machine prevented from burning, but also the to-be-laminated object is protected from damage.

Abstract: A compact and portable liquid concentrator includes a gas inlet, a gas exit and a flow corridor connecting the gas inlet and the gas exit, wherein the flow corridor includes a narrowed portion that accelerates the gas through the flow corridor. A liquid inlet injects liquid into the gas stream at a point prior to the narrowed portion so that the gas-liquid mixture is thoroughly mixed within the flow corridor, causing a portion of the liquid to be evaporated. A demister or fluid scrubber downstream of the narrowed portion removes entrained liquid droplets from the gas stream and re-circulates the removed liquid to the liquid inlet through a re-circulating circuit. Fresh liquid to be concentrated is also introduced into the re-circulating circuit at a rate sufficient to offset the amount of liquid evaporated in the flow corridor.

Abstract: An application for a multi-section screen system includes a first of the flexible sheets of screen material that has zipper teeth along at least one side edge and a neighboring second flexible sheet of screen material that has mating zipper teeth along an abutting side edge. Mechanisms retract and deploy each of the flexible sheets in unison. A fastener is fixedly disposed between each two of the mechanisms. The fasteners automatically join the zipper teeth with the mating zipper teeth as the mechanisms deploy the flexible sheets and the fasteners automatically disengaging the zipper teeth from the mating zipper teeth as the mechanisms retract the flexible sheets.

Abstract: According to the method of the invention, the movement of movable screen ends for a group of motor-driven screens to a common position is controlled in a grouped manner. The method includes a step (E150) consisting of moving the end of a screen when said end becomes the farthest from the common position after moving the end of at least one other screen to said common position.

Abstract: A track system includes a track having a central vertical member with opposing vertical surfaces. A pair of lower horizontal rails extend from the vertical member and do not block the vertical surfaces. Flexible carriers are individually removable from the track. Each carrier includes a flexible frame coupled to a pair of wheels configured to roll on the rails. The carriers may each include a hanger or other connector for supporting privacy structures such as curtains, drapes, window treatments, and dividers. The tracks may be bent and coupled end to end to form a complete assembly for facilitating privacy in a room.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods are provided for visual inspection across a barrier such as a fire door. In one embodiment of the present invention, a first movable partition is disposed adjacent, and laterally spaced from, a second movable partition. A first vision panel is disposed in the first partition and a second vision panel is disposed in the second partition in substantial alignment with the first vision panel. The position of the first vision panel is substantially constrained with respect to the position of the second vision panel along a first longitudinal direction. The first vision panel and the second vision panel are enabled to exhibit a desired amount of lateral displacement relative to each other.

Abstract: A roll blind is provided which can guarantee a simple operation. The roll blind includes: a supporting frame disposed in a window frame; first and second winding bars rotatably disposed in the supporting frame; a winding driver rotationally driving one of the first and second winding bars; first and second screens coupled to the first and second winding bars, respectively; a weight bar to which the tower ends of the first and second screens are fixed; and a clutch unit binding and unbinding the first and second winding bars with respect to each other.

Abstract: A system for protecting building penetrations is disclosed. The system can include a screen comprising flexible, strong fabric-like material suitable for resisting high winds, driving rain, and wind-driven missiles. The screen can further include loops sewn, or otherwise manufactured, into the span sides of the screen. The system can further include one or more retention channels having an internal hem rod. The loops in the screens can slide over the hem rod to guide and retain the screen in the retention channels. The hem rod can include a tapered end and a loop opener to facilitate the loops sliding over the end of the hem rod. The system can further include an enclosure for housing a take-up roll and a powered or manual rotating system. The system can include a deflection device to enable the screen to unroll off the take-up roll smoothly and vertically.

Abstract: A counterbalanced blind has a top frame, a bottom bar, a shade mounted between the top frame and the bottom bar, a reel device, two roller devices and two cords. The reel device is mounted in the top frame, and the two roller devices are mounted on the opposite side of the reel device in the top frame. The cords are wound and fastened in the reel device, respectively extend in opposite directions to the roller devices, pass downward through the shade and are fastened on the bottom bar. The bottom bar can be raised or lowered and position of the bottom bar will be retained after releasing the bottom bar.

Abstract: A panel of material enabled in an erect unfurled position using one or more diagonal support members attached at diagonal corners. Vertical and/or horizontal support members increase panel rigidity. Connecting at least three panels produces a collapsible upright flexible enclosure. Attaching a bottom panel produces a container. Attaching carrying straps to the top of the upright flexible container allows it to be carried and folded up. A panel can be attached to the top edges permanently or with some type of fastening means. The present invention can also be used as a housing structure. Placing a grommet in the middle of the roof and using a vertical pole to hold the roof up prevents roof sagging. Removing the roof's vertical support pole allows the roof to sag for rain water collection using a cistern in the middle of the enclosure. Support members can be removed for washing or folding.

Abstract: Provided is an unbleached paper product made from grass type pulp, the unbleached paper product has a brightness of 35-60% ISO, the grass type pulp is unbleached. The unbleached paper product includes an unbleached toilet paper, an unbleached hand towel, an unbleached wiping paper, an unbleached duplicating paper, an unbleached meal container, an unbleached food wrapping paper and an unbleached printing paper. The paper products have a high intensity and have no detection of dioxin and absorbable organic halides in the harmful substance detection test.

Abstract: This invention concerns the production of a multilayer fiber product. According to the method, on top of a bottom layer consisting of at least one fiber layer, a second fiber layer is fitted containing filler that forms the surface layer. According to the invention, the layers are formed by multilayer web forming technology, and the surface layer filler includes cellulose or lignocellulose fibrils, on which light-scattering material particles are deposited, having a maximum proportion of the total filler weight of 85%. By means of the invention, a base paper is achieved that is suited to thin, coated paper grades, where conventionally the intrusion of the coating color into the bottom paper and through it is a problem.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a porous fibre product, which contains chemical pulp or wood fibres, between which structural filler particles are attached, as well as to a method of manufacturing this product, wherein filler drops are produced in a spray dryer from the aqueous solution of the filler, the drops forming filler particles when the water evaporates, the particles being attached to the chemical pulp or wood fibres.

Abstract: An apparatus is described for cleaning papermaking felt by applying a low concentration of a cleaning solution through the oscillating needle nozzles. The detergent is applied intermittently while paper is being manufactured. Each cleaning period lasts for at least the length of time required for the nozzles to cover the entire surface of the felt, and preferably twice that period of time. The application of cleaning solution is then discontinued for a period of time. This cycle is repeated continuously as the paper is being manufactured. The apparatus includes a first cleaning chemical reservoir, a second cleaning chemical reservoir, a high pressure pump coupled to the first and second reservoirs, and a control unit having programming for selectively injecting the chemicals.

Abstract: Degassing device that includes a housing, a rotor having a rotatable interior arranged within the housing, an inlet for adding a liquid to be degassed, the inlet being structured to open into the interior of the rotor, and an outflow for a degassed liquid. A degassing tube is centrally arranged with respect to the interior to remove gas escaping from the liquid. The rotor includes at least one opening structured and arranged to produce an hydraulic connection with the outflow.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a metal matrix composite (MMC) and the method of manufacturing the MMC. The MMC includes a preform formed from a composition having ceramic particles and ceramic fibers. The metal matrix composite also includes a support element formed from a metal where the metal impregnates through the preform. The method of forming the MMC includes the step of extruding the composition through a multi-screw extruder to form an extrudate. The method also includes the step of heating the preform and positioning the preform within a mold. The method further includes the step of heating the metal for forming a molten metal and injecting the molten metal into a cavity of the mold under pressure for infiltrating the preform with the molten metal. The method also includes cooling the molten metal to solidify the molten metal and form the metal matrix composite and removing the metal matrix composite from the mold.

Abstract: A rotary air preheater 10 includes a housing 12 having a rotor 14. The rotor 14 has opposing ends 20,24 and is divided into sections by diaphragms 48. Sector plates 28 include one sector plate 28 in sealing relation with one of opposing ends 20,24 of the rotor 14. The air preheater 10 includes a flange 56 and a sensing device 49 coupled to at least one of the sector plates 28. The sensing device 49 provides non-contact sensing of a distance between the sector plate 28 and the flange 56. The sensing device 49 includes a conduit 54 that directs a jet of compressed air onto the flange 56, a first pressure sensor 60 and a second pressure sensor 70. The first pressure sensor 60 senses pressure inside the sensing device 49, and the second pressure sensor 70 senses pressure outside the sensing device 49. The distance between the sector plate and the flange is a pressure difference measured by the first and the second pressure sensors 60,70.

Abstract: A ground to air heat pump unit operable to receive a first working fluid and transfer heat between the first working fluid and a second working fluid. The ground to air heat pump unit is operable to return the first working fluid to a channel and further operable to return the second working fluid to a living space.

Abstract: The present invention has a waste heat recovery device (37) that supplies engine waste heat by way of engine coolant; a radiator (18) that dissipates engine waste heat by way of engine coolant; an exhaust gas heat exchanger (33) that supplies engine waste heat from exhaust gas to engine coolant; and a coolant pump (32) that causes engine coolant to circulate. Furthermore, the constitution is such that pressure drop equipment (34) is arranged upstream with respect to a coolant pump suction region (32b); a restrictor is arranged in a communication passage (50) between a coolant pump suction region and a region (20) vented to atmosphere; a location upstream with respect to the pressure drop equipment is made to communicate with the region vented to atmosphere; and the region vented to atmosphere is made capable of being kept in communication with atmosphere.

Abstract: A cooled base plate is provided for electric components. A first side of the cooled base plate is provided for attaching exothermal electric components thereto. On a second side of the base plate, opposite to the first side, there is embedded a cooling channel system having a cooling fluid inlet at a first end of the base plate and a cooling fluid outlet at a second end of the base plate. In order to minimize differences in temperature between the electric components, the thickness of the base plate increases in the direction from the inlet of the cooling channel system towards the outlet of the cooling channel system, e.g., in the flow direction of the cooling fluid, for at least a portion of the length of the base plate.

Abstract: A heat exchanger system through which a liquid can flow, including a heat exchanger including a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, a bypass valve including a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, and a self-cleaning filter including a liquid inlet and two liquid outlets, one being an outlet for filtered liquid and one being an outlet for non-filtered liquid. The outlet for filtered liquid is connected to the inlet of the exchanger and the outlet for non-filtered liquid is connected to the inlet of the valve. The outlet of the heat exchanger is connected downstream of the outlet of the valve. A fuel circuit of an airplane jet engine can include such a system.

Abstract: Systems and methods for operating a hydraulically actuated device/system are described herein. For example, systems and methods for the compression and/or expansion of gas can include at least one pressure vessel defining an interior region for retaining at least one of a volume of liquid or a volume of gas and an actuator coupled to and in fluid communication with the pressure vessel. The actuator can have a first mode of operation in which a volume of liquid disposed within the pressure vessel is moved to compress and move gas out of the pressure vessel. The actuator can have a second mode of operation in which a volume of liquid disposed within the pressure vessel is moved by an expanding gas entering the pressure vessel. The system can further include a heat transfer device configured to transfer heat to or from the at least one of a volume of liquid or a volume of gas retained by the pressure vessel.

Abstract: Systems and methods of energy storage and release comprise at least one storage vessel and a combined conveyor and heat transfer device linked to the at least one storage vessel by at least one discharge device. The combined conveyor and heat transfer device includes a rotatable conveyor drum and at least one heat transfer fluid conduit within the rotatable conveyor drum. A granular material travels from the at least one storage vessel to the combined conveyor and heat transfer device via the at least one discharge device, and the rotatable conveyor drum moves the granular material therethrough in counterflow to a flow of heat transfer fluid traveling through the heat transfer fluid conduit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a human remains cooling pad and cooling system to supply chilled fluid to a cooling pad.

Abstract: A portable heating system used to heat a person while in cold environments. A heating unit containing a fuel combustion chamber and a heat exchanger oxidizes a fuel to produce heat. The heat from the oxidation process is transferred to the fluid using the heat exchanger. The fluid either boils or simply becomes less dense then cooler fluid in the heat exchanger and thus more buoyant. Convection moves the heated fluid upwards in to a thin bladder encapsulating the fluid and held against a person. The elevated kinetic energy in the bladder creates an entropy differential to the person. This differential allows the kinetic energy in the bladder to flow to the person thus warming them. The fluid now having less energy, now denser, flows back down the bladder to the heating unit by gravity.

Abstract: An apparatus for convenient centralized control of a personal cooling environment of an exerciser by the exerciser while exercising includes a plurality of air outlets and a control center. Each air outlet is capable of being in airflow communication with a cooling air source providing a flow of cooling air. The plurality of air outlets are arranged so as to direct cooling air toward the exerciser to create a personal cooling environment for the exerciser. At least one air outlet is adjustable in response to a control signal. The control center is easily accessible to the exerciser while exercising and generates control signals in response to input from the exerciser. The control signals cause at least one air outlet to change a characteristic of the cooling air flow therethrough. Together, the control signals control the personal cooling environment. The controllable air flow characteristics include one of flow direction and rate.