Abstract: Friction stir welding equipment control force spindle for mounting in an orbital head housing uses a coaxial sensor to measure downforce. Simultaneously, an axial electrical actuator is controlled to dynamically correct the axial tool position during the welding, by a direct axial force system control, in order to maintain controlled downforce according to parameters previously set, based on numerical control. The equipment also sets up, monitors and controls spindle rotation speed, welding speed, acceleration speed and downforce using for example closed loop control functions. A laser system may scan the backing surface before welding and correct original tool path, in order to get an offset tool path. A precision alarm system may provide safe welding while preventing the tool from colliding with the backing surface.

Abstract: A method and an arrangement for manufacturing a multi-layer composite (13) by laminating a sheet-like element (6) onto a backing (2) in a laminating unit (1), having steps, in this order, of conveying the element (6) in a longitudinal direction, detecting a position of the element (6), correcting the position of the element (6) on the basis of the detected position and on the basis of a reference position (15), and bonding said element (6) onto the backing (2). The detection step comprises the phases of measuring the lateral position, an angle of pivoting, and a longitudinal position of the element (6), and the correction step includes phases of lateral movement (T), pivoting (P), and longitudinal movement (L) of the element (6), apparatus elements perform the steps.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming an end effector includes a welding device having a welder positioned adjacent to a base, and a die coupled to one end of the welder. The base and the welder are movable relative to each other. The welder, base or die includes a source of heat that is applied to a portion of the suture disposed between the welder and the base.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for ultrasonic welding of at least two plastic foil layers for manufacturing for example a package. The device comprises at least one sonotrode and at least one anvil positioned opposite each other and each being provided with a pressure surface. The pressure surfaces can be moved away from each other and towards each other from a position of rest to a welding position and vice versa, the pressure surfaces in the welding position forming a welding section as well as a flow-out section. The pressure surfaces in the flow-out section have at least two pressure surface areas extending substantially parallel to each other for supporting the foil layers.

Abstract: A cord reinforcing layer 30 can be highly efficiently fanned with easy control, and the amplitude and the wavelength of a wavy steel cord 32 can be made uniform throughout the cord reinforcing layer. When the wavy steel cord 32 (ribbon-like body 37) is wound plural times around the forming drum 35 to form the cylindrical cord reinforcing layer 30, the amount of extension is made decreased with distance from a set position P of a bead core 12 in the axial direction, and the amount of extension applied in advance to the wavy steel cord 32 in the vicinity of the set position P is approximated to the amount of extension according to the expansion and deformation of the wavy steel cord 32 at a position spaced away from the set position P, whereby at least either one of the amplitude and the wavelength of the wavy steel cord in the tire can be made uniform throughout the cord reinforcing layer 30.

Abstract: A method for making a thin film having a metallic pattern layer includes covering a release layer on the surface of a thin film substrate to leave a blank area of a predetermined pattern in the release layer, covering a metal layer on the release layer and the blank area, covering the metal layer with an adhesive layer, adhering a substrate-based thin film to the adhesive layer, and removing the substrate-based thin film to remove the part of the metal layer outside said blank area and the release layer together with the adhesive layer and the substrate-based thin film from the thin film substrate so that a metallic pattern layer is left on the thin film substrate for RFID (radio frequency identification) system, antennas of wireless transmission system, flexible printed circuit boards or chip on film (chip on flex) applications.

Abstract: When surface grinding finish for decoration or other purposes is performed by applying a film to the front surface of a metal plate that is welded linearly with penetration from the rear surface side thereof. In this manner, the metal plate can be subjected to the surface grinding finish such that an appearance similar to weld marks is not created.

Abstract: A water based adhesive or bonding agent, which exhibits highly favorable bonding traits, in conjunction with superior material handling aspects. Additionally, the water based adhesive agent endeavors to find use where the handling of solvent based adhesives becomes a hazard. Further, a method for preparation of the water based adhesive agent and a method for usage of the water based bonding system within the shoe manufacturing industry.

Abstract: A poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) based plastisol composition including a poly(vinyl chloride) polymer (homopolymer or copolymer), a plasticizer, and an infrared-reflective pigment is applied in a layer on a substrate and coalesced to produce a PVC layer including an infrared reflective pigment. The layer can be made into a free film and applied to an extruded vinyl or metal sheet to prepare vinyl or metal siding or trim pieces with an outer layer of the PVC including an infrared-reflective pigment.

Abstract: A process for producing a reinforcing woven fabric includes sticking a resin material on at least one surface of a fabric substrate including a plurality of reinforcing fiber bundles and varying the relative position of a plurality of reinforcing fiber bundles to peel the resin material stuck over two or more reinforcing fiber bundles from a part of the two or more reinforcing fiber bundles.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of manufacturing a printed circuit board including the steps of: preparing a pair of raw materials, each formed by sequentially stacking a release film and a first insulating layer, and an adhesive layer, respectively; embedding the pair of raw materials, which are opposed to each other, in the adhesive layer while disposing the release films toward an inner layer; forming a second insulating layer, which has a via formed therethrough and a circuit pattern formed on an upper surface to be connected to the via, on the first insulating layer; cutting edge portions of the second and first insulating layers, the release film, and the adhesive layer; and removing the release film from the first insulating layer.

Abstract: A laser irradiation system includes a laser beam generator to generate laser beams, a laser beam irradiator to radiate the laser beams onto a target, a laser beam guide to detect whether one of the laser beams is reflected back toward the laser beam irradiator, a detector to convert the reflected laser beam into electrical signal data, and a controller to control the output of the laser beam generator, based on the signal data.

Abstract: A method of filling an adhesive into a gap includes steps of introducing one or more capsules containing the adhesive having an adhering function and a setting function into the gap, discharging the adhesive from the adhesive capsules by applying energy to the adhesive capsules in the gap, and setting the adhesive in the gap by applying energy to the discharged adhesive. The method can easily fill the adhesive 1 into the gap 7 without achieving a pressure-bonding process.

Abstract: A B-stageable dielectric composition for flow control during electronic package assembly is described. The B-stageable composition comprises a resin matrix and flow control agents. The B-stageable composition is particularly useful in laminating substrates for electronic devices and electronic components, where the flow property of the composition must be tightly controlled during the assembly.

Abstract: To provide: a coated wood composite having surface properties such as transparency, smoothness, gloss, uniformity, and depth, and excellent in various physical properties such as durability and strength; and a method for producing such a coated wood composite efficiently and easily. A coated wood composite produced by placing an unsaturated polyester resin composition on a decorative veneer and heat-pressing the decorative veneer and the composition placed thereon to mold the composite, wherein the unsaturated polyester resin composition comprises: an unsaturated polyester; a polymerizable monomer; and an isocyanate component essentially including an aliphatic diisocyanate.

Abstract: Apparatuses useful in printing, fixing devices and methods of stripping media from surfaces in apparatuses useful in printing are provided. An exemplary embodiment of an apparatus useful in printing includes a first member including a first surface; at least one heating element for heating the first surface of the first member; a second member including a second surface forming a nip with the first surface, the nip including an inlet end at which a substrate enters the nip and an outlet end at which the substrate exits from the nip; and an air knife disposed downstream from the outlet end of the nip and extending along an axial direction of the first member, the air knife including a first end, a second end opposite to the first end and a plurality of axially-spaced nozzles disposed between the first end and second end; and at least one gas inlet through which gas is supplied to the air knife.

Abstract: A manufacturing method and apparatus for IC fabrication controls the ion angular distribution at the surface of a wafer with electrodes in a wafer support that produce electric fields parallel to the wafer surface without disturbing plasma parameters beyond the wafer surface. The ion angular distribution function (IADF) at the wafer surface is controlled for better feature coverage or etching. Grid structure is built into the substrate holder within the coating at the top of the holder. The grid components are electrically biased to provide electric fields that combine with the sheath field to distribute the ion incidence angles from the plasma sheath onto the wafer. The grid can be dynamically biased or phased to control uniformity of the effects.

Abstract: A side gas injector for a plasma reaction chamber is provided. The side gas injector includes a circular distribution plate and a cover plate. The circular distribution plate includes an injection hole for injecting a reaction gas and a distribution channel part for distributing the reaction gas such that the reaction gas introduced from the injection hole can be radially simultaneously jetted in a plurality of positions along an inner circumference surface of the distribution plate. The cover plate is coupled to a top of the distribution plate and seals a top of the distribution channel part.

Abstract: A collection bobbin is provided on a vertical line that travels a center of a supply bobbin. A pair of connection mechanisms is provided at front both sides of a tape housing chamber. An adhesive tape transport carriage with connection portions at a forward end of a carriage frame is connected to the connection mechanisms in the apparatus body. Loading of a master roll of an adhesive tape to the supply bobbin and unloading of a roll of a residual cut tape may be performed at the same position.

Abstract: A labeling machine includes a device for adjusting the position of a tape holding labels, which enables moving the tape progressively on an abutment surface in order to vary the position of the print on the label. The labeling machine further presents a self-regulating arresting element of a tape bearing labels. The arresting element presses the tape against an abutment surface when a label must be applied on a destination surface and releases the tape when, on the action of a control device, the tape is actuated to advance. The machine further includes a printing member whose ink roller is associated to a device that enables it to engage easily and smoothly on a corresponding support arm. The support arm is connected to a door providing access to interior areas of the labeling machine, whose opening causes the support arm to exit and the exposes the ink roller.

Abstract: An illustrative mailing machine is provided including a moistening fluid level indicator. The mailing machine includes a mail piece transport including a mail piece flap opening and moistening assembly, a moistening fluid container operatively connected to the moistening assembly for providing moistening fluid to the moistening assembly, and a fluid level indicator arm operatively connected to the moistening fluid container, wherein the fluid level indicator arm has an indicator surface adjacent to an indicator window for indicating the presence of the moistening fluid level container and for indicating an amount of moistening fluid in the container.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bearing arrangement between a carrier (15) for pressing and/or brushing elements (14) and a rotor (4) of a labeling machine (1), said rotor driven about a vertical machine axis (MA), with at least one first bearing element (19) provided on the rotor and a second bearing element (28) provided on the carrier (15), wherein the bearing elements abut one another across bearing surfaces forming a sliding bearing.

Abstract: An apparatus for semiconductor die bonding includes a first bonding head and a second bonding head configured to respectively pickup a first semiconductor chip and a second semiconductor chip located at a pickup point. The apparatus for semiconductor die bonding may also include a first transfer device configured to transfer the first bonding head from the pickup point to a bonding point located on a substrate along a transfer path. The first transfer device may further be configured to return to the pickup point along a first return path after the first semiconductor chip is bonded to the substrate. Also, the apparatus for semiconductor die bonding may include a second transfer device configured to transfer the second bonding head from the pickup point to the bonding point located on the substrate along the transfer path. The second transfer device may further be configured to return to the pickup point along a second return path after the second semiconductor chip is bonded to the substrate.

Abstract: A swing arm style tire changer includes a base (1), a workbench (2), an upright stem (12), a swing arm (10) and a dismounting head (14). The swing arm (10) is attached to the upright stem (12) and is capable of rotating horizontally. The swing arm style tire changer also includes a first helper arm (11) connected to the swing arm (10); under said first helper arm (11) and connected thereto is a tire-pressing wheel (15) that may be moved vertically upwards and downwards. The first helper arm (11) is attached to the swing arm (10) and is capable of rotating horizontally, and a pneumatic cylinder (8) is arranged on said first helper arm (11). The swing arm style tire changer also includes a second helper arm (7).

Abstract: A window screen which has a perfumed picture made from fragrant gels that are infused within the window screen. The Scented Window Screen provides an entirely new way for one to freshen one's home and also provide a decorative accent to a room. The window screen is adjustable to fit most standard size windows. As air from outside passes through the Scented Window Screen said air will carry with it into the home the fragrance from the Scented Window Screen and freshen the home.

Abstract: A method of offsetting losses of ammonia from a pulping mill comprising cooking a lignocellulosic material in a cooking liquor, wherein cooking in the cooking liquor separates the lignocellulosic material into a pulp, capturing a vapor of the cooking liquor, condensing the vapor of the cooking liquor to yield a spent cooking liquor condensate, washing the pulp in a wash liquid, wherein washing the pulp removes at least a portion of the spent cooking liquor from the pulp, capturing the wash liquid, removing ammonia from the wash liquid to yield a regenerated ammonia, regenerating the cooking liquor from the spent cooking liquor condensate and the regenerated ammonia, combusting a waste material and a concentrated spent cooking liquor, wherein combusting the waste material and the concentrated spent cooking liquor yields a flue gas and heat, transferring the heat from combusting the waste material and the concentrated spent cooking liquor to water to generate steam, removing a sulfur-containing compound from th

Abstract: The use of water-soluble, amphoteric copolymers which are obtainable by copolymerization of a) at least one N-vinylcarboxamide of the general formula in which R1 and R2, independently of one another, are H or C1- to C6-alkyl, b) at least one monomer which is selected from the group consisting of (b1) monoethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acids, phosphonic acids, phosphoric acid esters and derivatives thereof, and (b2) monoethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids, the salts thereof and dicarboxylic anhydrides, c) if appropriate, at least one monoethylenically unsaturated monomer differing from the components (a) and (b), and d) if appropriate, at least one compound which has at least two ethylenically unsaturated double bonds in the molecule, with the proviso that the monomer mixture comprises at least one monomer (b) having at least one free acid group and/or an acid group in salt form, and subsequent partial or complete hydrolysis of the groups —CO—R1 from the monomers

Abstract: Described herein, in a preferred embodiment, is a leonardite-based polyurethane resin binder that may be used, among other applications, as a binder in combination with foundry aggregate, e.g., sand, for molding or casting metal parts. The binders described herein comprise a humic substance, preferably leonardite, first mixed with a foundry aggregate and then the humic-aggregate mixture is combined with a polymerizable polyol, an isocyanate, and a polymerization catalyst to make a polyurethane resin binder in situ in a foundry aggregate, such as sand. The lignite is added as a solid to the foundry aggregate, and improves the binder performance of the lignite-containing part of the binder components.

Abstract: There is provided a temperature control method for a substrate mounting table capable of increasing a temperature of a substrate rapidly and reducing a loss of thermal energy. In a susceptor 12 including therein a heater 14, a coolant path 15 and a coolant reservoir 16 and holding thereon a wafer W on which a plasma etching process is performed, a coolant flows through the inside of the coolant path 15 and the coolant reservoir 16, and a flow of the coolant is stopped in the coolant reservoir 16 when the heater 14 generates heat.

Abstract: A fixing mount and a thermal module thereof are disclosed. The fixing mount is used to connect with a heat sink. The fixing mount includes a main body having a rest section, multiple extension sections extending from a periphery of the rest section and at least one support section formed at one end of each extension section distal from the rest section. Each support section has a latch section disposed at one end of the support section distal from the extension section. By means of the fixing mount, the heat sink can be fixedly locked on a chassis board without using any screw. Therefore, the assembling time is shortened and the assembling process is simplified to lower the manufacturing cost.

Abstract: A memory heatsink set for dissipating heat from a memory module is disclosed to include a first memory heatsink and a second memory heatsink, two guide devices bilaterally provided between the first memory heatsink and the second memory heatsink for positioning during the assembly process of the memory heatsink set and for guiding the first memory heatsink and the second memory heatsink into alignment, and two supplementary retaining devices respectively provided at two ends between the first memory heatsink and the second memory heatsink, each supplementary retaining device having a main engagement opening and two lateral sub-engagement openings located on one end of the first memory heatsink and a main engagement block and two lateral sub-engagement blocks located on the corresponding end of the second memory heatsink for engaging the main engagement opening and the two lateral sub-engagement openings respectively.

Abstract: A heat sink includes a heat sink plate and a heat generating electrical component mounted to a first side of the heat sink plate. Fins are connected and oriented perpendicular to a second side of the heat sink plate. The fins include a maximum height fin positioned proximate to the electrical component, and a minimum height fin spatially separated from the maximum height fin and the electrical component. A first group of fins is positioned between the maximum and minimum height fins. Each fin of the first group progressively decreases in height from a height of the maximum height fin to a height of the minimum height fin. A first spacing between the maximum height fin and a proximate one of the fins of the first group is less than a second spacing between any two consecutive ones of the first group of fins.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heat exchanger block (1) including a heat exchanger (4, 41, 42) which is arranged between an inflow surface (2) and an outflow surface (3) so that a transport fluid (5) can be supplied via the inflow surface (2) to a heat exchanging surface (7) of the heat exchanger (4, 41, 42), can be brought into flowing contact with the heat exchanging surface (7) and can be led away from the heat exchanger (4, 41, 42) again via the outflow surface (3) for the exchange of heat between the transport fluid (5) and a heating agent (6) flowing through the heat exchanger (4, 41, 42) in the operating state. In accordance with the invention a perforated coolant lance (8) is provided so that a coolant (9) can be introduced between two heat exchanging surfaces (7) of the heat exchanger (4, 41, 42) via the coolant lance (8)The invention furthermore relates to a method for wetting a heat exchanger block (1).

Abstract: Provided is a heat transfer device which has a function of generating power through vibration of capillary grooves having a thin piezoelectric film deposited thereon, in addition to a heat transfer function of discharging heat transferred from a heating element to the outside.

Abstract: A fluid cooling device having at least one heat exchanger device (10) for cooling at least one fluid and having at least one filter device (12) for filtering the fluid which can be conducted to a constancy (14) is characterized in that the device has a follow-up auction device (42) which, if required, conducts missing fluid to the suction side of the consumer (14).

Abstract: A heat dissipating system includes a housing having a compartment divided into first and second air channels by a partitioning board. The partitioning board includes an opening through which the first air channel is in communication with the second air channel. A driving unit is mounted in the first air channel. The driving unit includes a rotating shaft extending through the opening into the second air channel. A first impeller is mounted in the first air channel, coupled to the rotating shaft, and aligned with the opening. A second impeller is mounted in the second air channel, coupled to the rotating shaft, and aligned with the opening. The first and second impellers mounted in the first and second air channels are driven by the driving unit to simultaneously dissipate heat generated by electronic elements in the first and second air channels while having a simplified structure.

Abstract: A heat exchanger comprising a plurality of plates that are demountably attached to a frame is disclosed. Each plate comprises a plurality of channels for conveying a primary fluid through the heat exchanger. The frames are arranged in the frame so that spaces between adjacent frame pairs define conduits for conveying a secondary fluid through the heat exchanger. The plates are mounted in the frame so that they can be individually removed from the frame. Further, each of the channels is fluidically connected to input and output ports for the primary fluid by detachable couplings. As a result, heat exchangers in accordance with the present invention are more easily repaired or refurbished than prior-art heat exchangers.

Abstract: A cold plate includes an enclosure with an inlet, an outlet, a base and a lid. The inlet and outlet are in fluid communication, so fluid can flow from the inlet though the enclosure to the outlet. The base is formed from a base plate, and the base plate includes an island facing into the enclosure. A plurality of pins extends from the island toward the lid. The pins can have a spiral shape, where the cross sectional profile of the pins change along the length of the pin.

Abstract: The heating pad has a case, a plug and heating liquid. The case is hollow, made by injection molding, and has a space, an opening and a loading surface. The space is formed in the case. The opening is formed in the case, and communicates with the space. The loading surface is flat, and formed on the case. The plug is detachable mounted tightly on the opening of the case. The case is filled with the heating liquid in the space, and the heating liquid can be heated to provide a warming effect.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an air/fluid heat exchanger (1), said method comprising at least the following steps: a) on a first sheet metal plate (2), a plurality of tight folds are formed, said folds acting as fins (3), or, alternatively, the first sheet metal plate (2) comprising a first portion (2a) and a second portion (2b), tight folds (3) are formed only on the first portion (2a); said first sheet metal plate (2) or said first portion (2a) forming a sheet metal plate in the upper position; b) the tight folds (3) are opened on a portion across their height; c) the first sheet metal plate (2) obtained in step b) is placed on a second sheet metal plate (6), said second sheet metal plate (6) forming a sheet metal plate in the lower position, or, alternatively, the first portion (2a) obtained in step b) is folded on the second portion (2b), said second portion (2b) forming a sheet metal plate in the lower position, d) the tight portion of the folds (3) is brazed and the

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mold powder supply apparatus using the waste heat of a tundish, which can collect waste heat from molten steel in the tundish, and preheat and dry mold powder. The mold powder supply apparatus using the waste heat of a tundish according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a powder hopper that is mounted to a frame close to a tundish to absorb heat radiated from the top of the tundish, through one side; an agitator that agitates mold powder filled in the powder hopper; and a supply pipe that is connected to the bottom of the powder hopper to supply the powder hopper into a mold.

Abstract: A subsurface well completion system is provided. The well completion system includes a subsurface heat exchanger section that includes an outer shell and an inner shell having an upper threaded portion, an open inside diameter, one or more inlet boxes and one or more outlet boxes. An upper annular ring extends between the inner shell and the outer shell and has one or more openings. A lower annular ring extends between the inner shell and the outer shell. The lower annular ring is spaced apart from the upper annular ring and has one or more openings. One or more tubes are sealably connected at a first end and a second end to the one or more openings in the upper annular ring and the one or more openings in the lower annular ring, respectively, and extend between the upper and lower annular rings in an annular space between the inner shell and the outer shell.

Abstract: A stage tool apparatus is described. In several exemplary embodiments, the stage tool apparatus is part of tubular string or casing positioned within a preexisting structure such as, for example, a wellbore.

Abstract: A chemical injection system directed at lower completions. The system includes a tubular stinger that is anchored within a upper region of a well but traverses into the lower completion. Thus, a platform is provided for a chemical injection line running from surface to the lower completion. As a result, chemical injection may be directed right at a sand screen and other scale prone features of lower completions.

Abstract: A downhole tool for use in a well has a mandrel with an expandable sealing element disposed thereabout. The mandrel has a head portion threadedly connected thereto. A shoulder in the head portion and an upper end of the mandrel define an annular space. A sleeve with a bore therethrough may be positioned in the annular space. The head portion may be removed and a solid plug installed so that it fits within the annular space and so that the downhole tool will act as a bridge plug. The downhole tool has slip rings made up of a plurality of individual slip segments that are adhesively bonded to one another at the sides thereof.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling flow of fluid from a reservoir into a wellbore is provided, which apparatus in one embodiment may include a flow-through region configured to substantially increase value of a selected parameter relating to the flow-through region when selected parameter is in a first range and maintain a substantially constant value of the selected parameter when the selected property of the fluid is in a second range.

Abstract: A centraliser segment (11) which can, by itself or in combination with one or more corresponding centraliser segments, be used to form a centraliser (13) which can in use be clampingly engaged around an element (10) which is receivable in a borehole, said centraliser segment comprising a first collar portion (15), a second collar portion (17) and at least one bow element (19) extending between said first collar portion and said second collar portion to maintain the collar portions in spaced relation to each other, wherein the collars have an inner face which in use is to bear against the element and wherein said bow element has a curvature along its length to define an intermediate portion which extends laterally from the centraliser segment away from the inner faces of the collars, at least the intermediate portion of the bow elements having a convex transverse profile, a first connection element (21) provided at one end of the collar portions and second connection element (23) provided at the other end of t

Abstract: A method of servicing a wellbore extending from a surface and penetrating a subterranean formation is provided. The method comprises placing a workstring in the wellbore, wherein the workstring comprises at least a first downhole tool, a signal receiver subassembly, and a conveyance between the first downhole tool and the surface. The method further comprises the signal receiver subassembly receiving a first signal generated by contact between the wellbore and the workstring and initiating a first function of the first downhole tool based on the first signal.

Abstract: A method of providing a flow control device is disclosed, which one aspect may include: defining a flow rate; defining a desired relationship between a parameter of the flow control device that exhibits a substantial change when a selected property of the fluid changes in a first range and remains substantially constant when the selected property is in the second range; determining using a computer and a simulation program the relationship between the performance parameter and the selected property over the first range and the second range for the defined flow rate for a geometry of a flow through area of a flow control device; comparing the determined relationship of the performance parameter with the desired relationship; altering the geometry to a new geometry when the difference between the desired performance and the determined performance is outside a desired range; determining using the computer and the simulation program the relationship between the performance parameter and the selected property over

Abstract: A technique enhances hydrocarbon fluid production. The technique utilizes a well with a plurality of lateral wellbores positioned to facilitate removal of well fluid from a hydrocarbon reservoir. A separator is disposed in the well to receive well fluid that flows from a lateral production leg. Operation of the separator separates well fluid into an oil component and a water component to enable production of the oil component. The water component is injected into the reservoir in a manner that drives well fluid trapped in the reservoir into the lateral production leg.