Abstract: A central valve of a camshaft adjuster of an internal combustion engine, which has a valve housing, a control piston and a fastening flange. The valve housing is at least partially arranged within a receptacle within the camshaft adjuster and has hydraulic connections. The control piston bears at least in regions against an inner circumferential surface of the valve housing and is mounted displaceably on the inner circumferential surface. The fastening flange is fixedly connected to a wall of the receptacle and defines the axial position of the valve housing relative to the camshaft adjuster.

Abstract: In a camshaft unit, particularly of an internal combustion engine, comprising a camshaft connected to a drive unit to be driven thereby, a phase displacement unit including an actuating gear and a control unit with a rotor and a stator unit in the form of a brake element for adjusting a phase relation between the drive unit and the camshaft, and a bearing device for supporting part of the control unit, the bearing device is designed to accommodate radial tolerances between the stator element and the rotor element.

Abstract: In a valve train device, particularly of an internal combustion engine, which device has an actuating device for displacing at least one axially displaceable cam element and a gear shifting gate for axially displacing the cam element and furthermore at least one switch unit with a switch element and an actuator for operating the switch element so as to engage the gear shifting gate at least in one switching position and to move the switch element into a desired switching position, the gear shifting gate has at least one intermediate segment for terminating a switching action.

Abstract: A vehicle engine includes: a cylinder head; a cam housing fixed to a top of the cylinder head; a cam cap fixed to a top of the cam housing; a camshaft rotatably supported between the cam housing and the cam cap, the camshaft supporting a cam; a rocker arm configured to be pushed by the cam; and a valve configured to operate by being pushed by the rocker arm. The vehicle engine being characterized by an oil pipe that is formed integrally with the cam housing.

Abstract: An engine control system for a homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine includes a fuel injector temperature determination module and a fuel injector control module. The fuel injector temperature determination module determines a temperature of a tip of a fuel injector based on a first temperature model when the HCCI engine is operating in an HCCI combustion mode, and determines the temperature of the tip of the fuel injector based on a second temperature model when the HCCI engine is operating in a spark ignition (SI) combustion mode. The fuel injector control module controls a fuel injector pulse width based on the determined temperature and a predetermined temperature threshold, wherein the fuel injector pulse width increases when the determined temperature is greater than the predetermined temperature threshold.

Abstract: A combustion timing prediction method for a compression self-ignition internal combustion engine includes the steps of: specifying types of a plurality of hydrocarbon components contained in a hydrocarbon fuel and proportions of the respective types in the hydrocarbon fuel; calculating, on the basis of a temperature in a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, a value of a first function serving as a function of the temperature for each of the types; calculating, on the basis of the proportion and the first function relating to each of the types, a value of a second function, which is a function that increases in value in response to an increase of the value of the first function and/or the proportion, for each of the types; integrating the values of the second function relating to the respective types; and predicting, on the basis of the integrated value of the values of the second function, the combustion timing of the hydrocarbon fuel in the internal combustion engine to be steadily later as

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes an exhaust valve for removing exhaust gas from a combustion chamber and an engine braking device with a hydraulic valve control unit by which the exhaust valve is held in an intermediate open position when the engine braking device is actuated. The internal combustion engine includes a hydraulic valve lash compensation mechanism for the exhaust valve and a control channel formed between the hydraulic valve control unit and an oil feed channel for feeding oil to the hydraulic valve control unit which can be closed by a closure element to compensate for valve lash of the exhaust valve. A counter-holder is constructed as a piston-cylinder unit that forms a variable stop for a valve bridge cooperating with the valve lash compensation mechanism.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes an exhaust valve for removing exhaust gas from a combustion chamber and an engine braking device with a hydraulic valve control unit by which the exhaust valve can be held in an intermediate open position when the engine braking device is actuated. A hydraulic valve lash compensation mechanism for the exhaust valve and a control channel formed between the hydraulic valve control unit and the valve lash compensation mechanism for feeding oil to the hydraulic valve control unit that can be closed by a closure element to compensate for the valve lash of the exhaust valve. A counter-holder is constructed as a piston-cylinder unit. The counter-holder forms a variable stop for a valve bridge cooperating with the valve lash compensation mechanism.

Abstract: Control method and apparatus for multi-fuel, compression ignition engines. In accordance with the method, a target fuel whose engine operating characteristics are to be duplicated when using fuels other than the target fuel in the engine is selected, and the engine operating characteristics including engine torque versus throttle setting and engine RPM when operating using the target fuel are determined and stored as a desired indicated torque versus throttle setting and engine RPM. Then, when the engine is operating on a fuel, a fuel control input and engine RPM are sensed, the desired indicated torque for that fuel control input and engine RPM is determined, a measured indicated torque for the engine is determined, and a fuel quantity command is adjusted to cause the measured indicated torque to equal the desired indicated torque.

Abstract: A method for controlling an injection of fuel in an internal combustion engine, in particular in a gasoline engine having direct injection, a drive fuel quantity, which indicates the fuel quantity required by the internal combustion engine to provide a torque, being injected in a working cycle before a combustion stroke of the working cycle into a cylinder of the internal combustion engine, a cooling fuel quantity, which indicates the fuel quantity which is used to cool the combustion exhaust gases, being injected in the working cycle in addition to the drive fuel quantity, at least part of the cooling fuel quantity being injected after completion of the combustion in the combustion stroke and/or the immediately following exhaust stroke of the working cycle.

Abstract: A method provides for detecting deviations of injection quantities for injections into internal combustion engines, as carried out for example by common-rail systems. At least one deviation of at least one injection quantity is detected by determining at least one deviation, from a predefined value in each case, of at least one value of at least one variable controlling an actuator of the injector and/or indicating at least one state of the actuator.

Abstract: A variable compression ratio device having a piston, a crankshaft, a connecting rod including a small end portion connected to the piston, may include a piston pin fixed to the connecting rod and fixed thereto, a receiving hole formed inside the piston and rotatably receiving the piston pin, wherein the receiving hole includes a convex portion and a concave portion, at least a variable pin slidably coupled to the piston pin and slidably coupled to the interior circumference of the receiving hole, wherein the at least a variable pin has a protrusion, and an oil supply passage selectively supplying oil to apply hydraulic pressure to the at least a variable pin, wherein the protrusion of the at least a variable pin is selectively coupled to the convex portion or the concave portion of the receiving hole.

Abstract: A method for operating a fuel vapor control system included in a vehicle having an internal combustion engine is provided. The method may include storing positive pressure or negative pressure in an isolated fuel tank, transferring at least a portion of the positive pressure or the negative pressure to an evaporation canister region, and determining degradation of the evaporation canister based on a pressure response of the evaporation canister region while the evaporation canister region is isolated from the fuel tank. In this way, it is possible to utilize pressure that may be passively generated in one portion of the system, even during shut-down engine operation, to verify the integrity of another portion of the system.

Abstract: An automobile fuel pretreatment device includes an instantaneous constant-temperature heating device including a fuel tube which allows fuel to flow, a heating unit positioned on and heating an outside surface of the fuel tube, and two spring clamp boards enclosing and clamping the heating unit on the fuel tube. Each of the spring clamp boards has a locking hole formed adjacent to a first free end and a locking tab formed adjacent to a second free end. The locking tab of each of the spring clamp boards is received through the locking hole of the other one of the spring clamp boards to engage the first free end of the other one of the spring clamp boards. A magnetization combustion-enhancing device includes two permanent magnets located adjacent to the fuel tube to induce magnetization on the fuel flowing through the fuel tube.

Abstract: A fuel tube includes a tube main body, a first tubular section, and a second tubular section. The tube main body defines a heating chamber. The first tubular section extends through one side of the tube main body and includes a first fuel inlet opening located outside the tube main body and a first fuel outlet opening located within the heating chamber. The second tubular section extends through another side of the tube main body that is opposite to the first tubular section and includes a second fuel inlet opening located within the heating chamber and a second fuel outlet opening located outside the tube main body. The tube main body, the first tubular section, and the second tubular section collectively form a single Z-shaped path. As such, the flow path of fuel is effectively shortened and stable flow rate of fuel can be maintained.

Abstract: A piston, a cylinder barrel or another engine component adjacent to the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine comprises a layer or a coating facing the combustion chamber, the layer or coating comprising an aerogel. The method of manufacture of an engine component involves designing such a layer or the application of such a coating.

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine (2) having multiple cylinders (3); fuel may be injected into the multiple cylinders (3) via corresponding injectors, and air may be let in via corresponding intake valves (9) in order to form an air-fuel mixture in the cylinders (3) for providing a drive torque, and combustion exhaust gas may be discharged from the cylinders (3) via a catalytic converter (6); having the following steps: operating the internal combustion engine (2) in a first engine operating mode in which no fuel is injected into at least one first cylinder (3), so that the at least one first cylinder (3) does not contribute to the drive torque, and fuel is only injected into at least one second cylinder (3) in order to provide the drive torque; and switching to a second engine operating mode in which fuel is injected into the at least one first cylinder (3) and into the at least one second cylinder (3), so that the at least one first cylinder (3) and the at least one second cylinder (3) co

Abstract: In a two-stroke engine (1) according to the present invention, a piston (6) has a communication passage (28) opened to a crank chamber (10). An air intake port (30) is provided on an inner surface (2a) for causing air to flow into the communication passage (28). After a scavenging port (22) is closed by an outer surface (6a) of the piston (6) moving from the bottom dead center to the top dead center, the communication passage (28) is opened in the outer surface (6a) of the piston so as to communicate with the air intake port (30) and the scavenging port (22).

Abstract: A power saw having a circular saw blade or, grinding wheel incorporated to a dust collection system that is easily portable is disclosed herein. In a preferred embodiment, negative pressure and resulting air flow is provided at a lower blade guard to capture particulate matter as a byproduct of cutting a work piece. A unique dust collection housing is additionally provided having a filter to remove dust from air and exhaust the filtered air at a lateral side of the saw. A spin handle is additionally disclosed to increase the usable surface of the filter and to work in conjunction with a filter cleaning flap. A drive belt according to a preferred embodiment, drives the circular saw and a vacuum fan. Among the beneficial aspects of the power saw is its portability by obviating a need for a dust collection bag and/or a separate vacuum unit.

Abstract: A stove (or range) burner guard attached to the front of a gas or electrical stove (or range) by fastening a guard panel through two vertical slots to a clamping body that is attached to the oven door handle. The height of the guard panel is adjustable by sliding the guard panel through the vertical slots. The guard prevents young children from reaching the burners, control knobs and cookware on the stovetop. The guard can be installed, adjusted or removed quickly and easily.

Abstract: A cart suitable for supporting a grill, including a grill bowl. The cart has two union members with curved channels for receiving tubular, U-shaped frame members. The union members may be in the form of two similar (but not necessarily identical) halves joined together to enclose the frame members. The tubular channels of the union members resist movement (such as twisting and tilting) in at least two directions. The union members lock the frame members in place with internal protrusions that fit into mating depressions or holes in the frame members. Extra rigidity is added to the cart by one or more side tables which are structural members as well as functional tables. The side tables thus serve as cross-members between two frame assemblies. The grill's lid can easily be tilted back to rest in place on lid supports underneath the bottom edge and contact points on the side tables.

Abstract: A grill comprising a front, a rear, a grill base, a grill lid and a grill door. The grill lid comprises an opening and is in hinged communication with the grill base. The grill door communicates with the grill lid via a hinge, which is disposed at a rear portion of the opening. When the grill door is closed, the grill door seals the opening in the grill lid. The grill lid includes a lifting-assist mechanism and the grill door has an opening-assist mechanism. A method of grilling comprising the steps of opening the grill lid, placing food on the grill base and closing the grill lid to cook food. The method further comprises the steps of opening the grill lid and the grill door during the cooking process, thereby creating a flue that urges smoke away from the front of the grill and towards the rear of the grill.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an embodiment of a cover for a barbecue grill side burner assembly. The cover is defined by a top wall and side walls which depend from the perimeter of the top wall. The side walls are provided with a contoured lower edge that define a fulcrum for the cover. The burner assembly includes a recessed portion with a ledge extending about its perimeter. The cover is supported within the recessed portion by the side walls, which sit on the ledge, whereby the top wall of the cover is approximately flush with the top surface of the burner assembly housing. The cover can be removed by pressing on a portion of the cover on one side of the fulcrum. This causes the portion of the cover on the opposite side of the fulcrum to emerge from the recessed portion whereby the cover can be gripped and removed from the burner assembly.

Abstract: Gas burner (1) for oven, or grill, of the type comprising a Venturi tube (2) for mixing fuel gas and primary air, a main distribution chamber (3), longitudinally extended in the flow forwarding direction of the mixture, and located downstream to such a Venturi tube (2), as well as at least one delivery chamber (22a, 22b) placed outside the afore said main chamber (3), and provided with flame holes (4; 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) for the gas-primary air mixture outflow, such a main chamber (3) and such an outer chamber (22a, 22b) being reciprocally fluidically connected, for at least one longitudinal length of the same main chamber (3), by at least one through opening (16a, 16b, 17a, 17b). Advantageously, the afore said through opening (16a, 16b, 17a, 17b) has, relative to the forwarding longitudinal direction of the mixture flow, a greater cross section in the upstream portion and smaller cross section in the downstream portion of the afore said longitudinal length of the main chamber (3).

Abstract: Disclosed are a system and methods of control signal generation of a solar panel orientation system with interference reduction using an infrared filter. In one embodiment, a solar panel orientation system includes a sensor that generates a control signal component when the sensor receives an ultraviolet part of a radiation signal. The system further includes an additional sensor coupled to the sensor that generates an additional control signal component when the additional sensor receives an additional ultraviolet part of the radiation signal. The control signal component and the additional control signal component each include one or more of a voltage and a current. In addition, the system includes an infrared filter that reduces an interference caused by an infrared part of the radiation signal.

Abstract: A solar power station includes a plurality of solar panels each connected to a leaf, the leaf including a roof beam; a plurality of bearing plates respectively attached to the roof beams of the leaves; a first supporting structure connected to the bearing plates; a second supporting structure rotatably connected to the first supporting structure and fixedly mounted to a base; and a plurality of hydraulic jacks. One end of each hydraulic jack is fixed with the first supporting structure, and another end of the hydraulic jack is pivotally mounted to the roof beam of one of the leaves.

Abstract: A system and method of collecting solar energy from sunlight, employing a thermal generation apparatus having a solar collector module including a receiver in optical communication with an array of mirrors. The method comprises reflecting energy impinging upon the reflector assembly with a plurality of reflective elements. The plurality of reflective elements is configured to direct energy reflected therefrom onto the receiver. The solar collector module is configured to rotate about an axis; and an angular position of the plurality of reflective elements is changed in relation to relative movement of the sun with respect to earth.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a thermal solar installation with draining by gravity, wherein: the return circuit of the primary circuit (2) is subdivided into two conduits (25;26,27), a first conduit (26,27) that brings the heat-transfer liquid back to a low point of the buffer tank (31) when the pump (19) is operating and a second conduit (25) opening at a high point of said tank (31), and provided with an anti-return valve (20), which allows air to be returned to the collector (1) and hence the primary circuit (2) to be drained by gravity when the pump (19) no longer operates; the first conduit (26,27) is separated into a conduit (27) opening into the buffer tank (31) and a bypass conduit (28) opening into said supply circuit (30) downstream from the pump (19), and provided with a normally open valve (21) that closes as soon as the pump (19) operates; the buffer tank (31) is connected to the exchanger (4) through a connection conduit to the exchanger (14), the return conduit (29) connecting the exchan

Abstract: A header system for fluid circulation in a boiler includes a header configured to conduct fluid therethrough for circulating fluids in a boiler. A plurality of suction lines are connected in fluid communication with the header. Each suction line is configured and adapted to connect a respective pump in fluid communication with the header. A plurality of downcomers are connected in fluid communication with the header. Each downcomer is configured and adapted to connect the header in fluid communication with a steam drum. The header, suction lines, and downcomers are configured and adapted to draw substantially equal amounts of fluid from each of the downcomers even when flow is uneven among the suction lines. A plurality of cascaded headers can fluidly connect the circulation header to a steam generator. The plurality of cascaded headers is configured and adapted to provide a substantially equal flow to panels of the steam generator.

Abstract: A heater includes a burner housing that houses burners for combusting a fuel and air mixture into heated gas. Heater tubes each extend from and return to the burner housing for radiating heat. The heater tubes each have an inlet end and an outlet end with the inlet ends in communication with the burners for receiving the heated gas from the burners. A collector box is disposed in the burner housing in communication with the outlet ends of the heater tubes for receiving the heated gas from the heater tubes. A fan is in communication with the collector box to move the heated gas from the burners to the collector box. The outlet ends of the heater tubes are adjacent each other at the burner housing and each of the inlet ends of the heater tubes are spaced in different directions from the outlet tubes at the burner housing.

Abstract: A system for pre-treating biomass for the production of ethanol is provided. The system comprises a method for pre-treating biomass. The method comprises supplying biomass to a steaming bin, wherein the biomass is mixed with water, and inputting the steamed biomass to a first pretreatment reactor, wherein the steamed biomass comprises liquids and solids. The method also comprises removing a bulk of liquids from the solids and feeding the solids into a second pretreatment reactor. The method further comprises applying a pressure drop to the solids in the second pretreatment reactor, wherein the pressure drop opens up a structure of the solids, and sending the solids to a fermentation process for ethanol processing.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a detector, a pressure sensor and a processor. The detector is operable to detect light that is scattered by an aerosol that is associated with a pressure. The pressure sensor is operable to measure the pressure. The processor is coupled to the detector and to the pressure sensor, and is configured to receive at least a signal from the detector and the pressure sensor. The processor is further configured to use the received signals to calculate a volume of the first aerosol, and to output an output signal associated with the calculated volume. The various measurements can be repeated and compared, and the output signal can be a feedback signal for metering subsequent amounts of the aerosol, based on the comparison.

Abstract: An intra-bronchial device placed and anchored in an air passageway of a patient to collapse a lung portion associated with the air passageway. The device includes a support structure, an obstructing member carried by the support structure that reduces ventilation to the lung portion by preventing air from being inhaled into the lung portion, and at least one anchor carried by the support structure that anchors the obstruction device within the air passageway. The anchor may engage the air passageway wall by piercing or friction, include a stop dimensioned for limiting the piercing of the air passageway wall, and may be releasable from the air passageway for removal of the intra-bronchial device. The anchors may be carried by a peripheral portion of the support structure, or by a central portion of the support structure. The obstructing member may be a one-way valve.

Abstract: It has been discovered that high amplitude, low frequency, broadband spectrum pressure oscillations of sufficient time duration can help stabilize lung volumes and improve gas exchange in a patient receiving ventilation assistance by helping to recruit and stabilize alveoli. A novel device is presented which can produce pressure oscillations having high amplitudes, a low broad-band frequency spectrum and long time duration. Additionally, the device can maintain a patient's mean airway pressure at one or more controlled levels. The device can control the oscillatory amplitude, frequency range and composition, time duration, and mean airway pressure levels by adjusting certain device parameters, such as the angle and depth of the device in a fluid. A device and mechanical system for remotely adjusting and measuring the angle of the device in a fluid are also disclosed.

Abstract: An ejection liquid capable of being stably ejected based on a system using thermal energy even if the liquid contains at least one selected from the group consisting of proteins and peptides, and a method and an apparatus for ejecting the liquid containing at least one selected from the group consisting of proteins and peptides using this system are provided. The applicability of the liquid for use in an inkjet system using thermal energy is improved by adding at least one selected from the group consisting of amino acids and salts thereof and a surfactant to an aqueous solution containing at least one selected from the group consisting of proteins and peptides.

Abstract: An assembly for modifying airflow into a nasopharyngeal airway or trachea of a patient. A valve assembly having an inlet and an outlet attaches to a traditional airflow generator. A valve seal within the assembly is operable by a solenoid and is adapted to cycle in response to a programmable controller circuit wherein upon activation of both the airflow generator and the controller circuit, pressurized air from the airflow generator continuously enters the inlet but passes out of the outlet of the assembly only when the solenoid causes the valve seal to retract and to at least partially unblock the outlet such that the pressurized air is converted into a single, repeatable burst exiting the outlet thereby modifying the traditional airflow.

Abstract: A personal respiratory filter apparatus, having a substantially planer main body and a filter dependent thereon, functioning both as an article of every-day clothing in a scarf form, and as a support system for the breathable, treatable filter.

Abstract: A device for occluding a cervix has an elongated conduit sized and shaped to extend from a proximal end outside the vagina to a distal end near the cervix. A loop sized to fit around an exocervix is provided at the distal end. The loop is sufficiently flexible to be tightened and loosened around the exocervix. The device has a rod inside the conduit. The rod has a distal end and a proximal end, and the loop is joined to the distal end of the rod. Moving the rod longitudinally relative to the conduit tightens or loosens the loop.

Abstract: An inflatable in-ear device incorporates a pressure regulating mechanism, for example a simple length of tubing or a relief/unloader valve, at the inflow or outflow from the inflating sheath inserted within the ear canal, thus allowing pressure regulation of the settable compound being injected for inflation of the sheath while avoiding excesses in pressure in the inflating compound and ensuring the comfort of the individual.

Abstract: An inflatable in-ear device includes a core member with a platform provided with a sealing assembly in the form of a locating recess for the registration of a retention ring formed around a defining opening of a sheath arranged in close circumjacent manner around the platform attached to the core member, an abutment surface being formed on a capping for the platform and the core member whereby in use positive location of the retention ring within the recess is achieved by the closure of the recess by the abutment surface. A space is defined between the sheath and the core member for the injection of a settable material used for the inflation of the sheath once the device is emplaced within the ear canal of the ear.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for filling an expandable in-ear device having in-flow and out-flow canals including a plurality of chambers with elastic membranes in which the components of a settable polymer are held under high relative pressure. The component chambers are connected to a common mixing element which mixes the components before they are applied to the in-flow canal of an in-ear device. A sealed relief chamber is connected to the out-flow canal of the in-ear device and receives excessive mixed compound as it exits the in-ear device. The relief chamber is in contact with the elastic membranes of the component chambers such that when the elastic membranes contract the pressure in the relief chamber decreases, maintaining the pressure within a pre-determined pressure range.

Abstract: A method for treating the lung during an acute episode of reversible chronic obstructive pulmonary disease such as an asthma attack. The method comprises transferring energy to an airway wall of an airway such that a diameter of the airway is increased. The energy may be transferred to the airway wall prior to, during or after an asthma attack. The energy may be transferred in an amount sufficient to temporarily or permanently increase the diameter of the airway. The method may be performed while the airway is open, closed or partially closed.

Abstract: A mouthpiece is described that can be used with a water pipe to improve hygiene and performance of the water pipe. A cylindrical first portion fits within an opening of a water pipe and a substantially conical portion provides a substantially airtight seal with a smoker's mouth. The conical portion is constructed from a flexible material that deforms to fit the profile of the smoker's mouth. The cylindrical portion is constructed from a material that provides a snug friction fit with the opening.

Abstract: Electrically heated cigarettes used in an electrical smoking system include a flavoring-release additive and sorbent effective to remove one or more gas-phase constituents of mainstream tobacco smoke. The flavoring-release additive includes gamma cyclodextrin and at least one flavoring. Flavoring is released in a cigarette upon the flavoring-release additive reaching at least a minimum temperature during smoking. The flavoring-release additive can have various forms including, for example, powder and films.

Abstract: A single or multi-point hair extension device includes: an extending hair bundle comprising a plurality of strands of hair; a bundle tip collecting and fixing one end of the plurality of strands of hair for the extending hair bundle; an engaging loop extending from the bundle tip; and an attaching device for detachably attaching the engaging loop to strands of the user's original hair. The attaching device holds and anchors a portion of the engaging loop and the user's original hair, and the extending hair bundle, the bundle tip, and the engaging loop are fixed to one another permanently so as to form a hair extension assembly. When the attaching device is detached from the strands of the user's original hair and the engaging loop, the assembly is freed and reusable.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nail clipper having a hole to receive a key chain wherein the hole is a sufficient distance from the lever arm of the clipper to easily expose the hole for receiving a key chain. The key ring hole is better exposed, with no hindrance from the pivot arm, either via an extension of the clippers themselves or through a shortening of the pivot arm.

Abstract: A method and system to facilitate the removal of hair extensions, weaves, and other hair augmentation products, wherein a thread that is colored such that it substantially matches natural human hair is treated with a substance. The substance will be one that does not interact with hair products and will maintain its color while the wearer has the extensions. When the wearer desires removal of the extensions, the stylist applies a second substance to the area where the extensions are sewn to human hair by the thread, the second substance being an activator. The activator will then react with the first substance with which the thread is treated, causing the thread to change color from the natural human hair, making the thread more identifiable and providing ease of removal.

Abstract: An artificial eyelash assembly includes a base strand having a first end and a second end opposite the first end and a plurality of hairs. A first loop is disposed proximate the first end of the base strand and a second loop is disposed proximate the second end of the base strand. A first flexible member is coupled to the first loop and a second flexible member is coupled to the second loop.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hairstyling apparatus for styling hair comprising: a first element, where said first element includes a first front portion and a first rear portion, where said first front portion includes a first heatable plate; a second element, where said second element includes a second front portion and a second rear portion, where the second front portion includes a second heatable plate, where the first element and second element are connected to each other at one end and the first heatable plate and the second heatable plate are in facing engagement with each other; and a power supply mechanism where said power supply mechanism supplies electrical power to the hairstyling apparatus. The first element and second element are pivotally attached to each other and may be attached via a hinge mechanism or a snap fitting.

Abstract: A hair style treatment device comprises an arm body 2, at least one vibration means 3 disposed in one or the other arm 2A, 2B or in a device body 4A and generating vibration of a predetermined frequency, and at least one vibrator 9 disposed in one or the other arm 2A, 2B, wherein the arm body 2 is adapted to be able to hold or release the hair, and wherein the vibrator 9 is adapted to be able to apply vibration in the width direction of the arm body 2 and to transmit vibration from the vibration means to the hair thus held.