Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of metal nanoparticles, selected from the group consisting of lead, bismuth, zinc, antimony, indium, gold, nickel, cobalt, palladium, platinum, iridium, osmium, rhodium, ruthenium, rhenium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, niobium, molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum, cadmium, silver and/or copper, on a rotating body, characterized in that a reduction of corresponding metal salts, corresponding metal salt complexes, corresponding metal hydroxides and/or corresponding metal oxides by polyols having a number of hydroxyl groups in the polyol of 1 to 10 and a molecular weight of the polyols of 2000 to 18 000 Da is effected.

Abstract: Proposed is a method for separating dross in a soldering process for a printed circuit board using a tin bath containing liquid tin. The method includes collecting dross produced during the soldering process; grinding the dross to tin ash in the tin bath for allowing a portion of tin contained in the tin ash to be melted again to join the liquid tin; and scooping up and recycling the tin ash not melted in the tin liquid. The method precludes a waste of tin resources and high manufacturing costs which might otherwise arise from directly scooping up dross of high tin content.

Abstract: An object is to provide a method and an apparatus for recovering indium, the method and apparatus ensuring that it is unnecessary to recover indium in the form of indium hydroxide, indium can be recovered at a high concentration, indium can be recovered easily by a filter or the like without handling inferiors and also, the recovery rate of indium is greatly improved. The method includes adding a precipitation-inducing metal including a metal having higher ionization tendency than indium to an etching waste solution containing at least indium and ferric chloride, in which the concentration of ferric chloride is adjusted to 20% by weight or less to thereby precipitate indium contained in the etching waste solution on the surface of the precipitation-inducing metal, then, detaching the indium precipitated on the precipitation-inducing metal from the precipitation-inducing metal by a detaching means and separating the detached solid indium or indium alloy from the solution to recover the indium.

Abstract: Processes are provided for recovering precious metals from refractory materials using thiosulfate lixiviants. The processes can employ lixiviants that include at most only small amounts of copper and/or ammonia and operate at a relatively low pH, reduction of polythionates, inert atmospheres to control polythionate production, and electrolytic solutions which provide relatively high rates of precious metal recovery.

Abstract: A nut screwing device for screwing a nut onto a rivet which is provided on the end opposite the rivet head with a blind hole having a contour that is not round in cross-section, comprising at least one drive which is drivingly connected via a transmission to a screw-in tool that has an accommodating opening for inserting the nut, characterized in that the nut screwing device comprises an anti-rotation means having a chamber in which an anti-rotation element (bit) is movably arranged that has a head section, which substantially fills the cross-section of the chamber, a shaft section, and an adjoining end section with a contour identical with that of the blind hole, the chamber being arranged adjacent the screw-in tool and comprising a central exit opening for the shaft with the end section of the anti-rotation element and being provided on the edge of the exit opening with a surrounding shoulder as a stop for the head section of the anti-rotation element (bit).

Abstract: A ratchet wrench includes a wrench body having an action end with a housing space formed thereon to hold a ratchet wheel, and two siding troughs located at two sides of the housing space to hold two brake members, and a latch member located at the rear side of the housing space. A direction control member is hinged on the rear side of the housing space and includes a swinging bar, a position member and a stirring bar that are stacked in a up and down manner. The stirring bar can be turned to move the position member and the swinging bar concurrently. The position member is latched by the latch member and positioned. The swinging bar can push the slider at one side to move the brake member forwards to engage with ratchet teeth while another brake member at another side is moved rearwards to separate the ratchet wheel.

Abstract: Tools for removing a cap from a filter housing, and an associated method are presented. A first tool is adapted for secure engagement with a cap of a filter assembly, while a second tool is adapted for engagement with the cylindrical body thereof. The first tool includes at least a pair of pin assemblies extending perpendicularly from the head of the tool. The second tool includes an annular plate characterized by circumferentially spaced notches adapted for receiving a cylindrical housing and particularly receiving and engaging ribs extending from such cylindrical housing. The application of opposite torques by the application of force to associated handles achieves the separation of the cap from the housing.

Abstract: A wrench socket for use on fasteners such as pipework fittings where closed pipework or other obstructions would normally prevent the use of a ring wrench or closed sockets has a plurality of swivel arms pivotally mounted to a socket main body. The swivel jaws can be opened and closed as required around pipework and the fastener. Formations on the swivel arms align with one another when the swivel arms are closed allowing engagement by a drive bar that locks the swivel arms together. The swivel arms cooperate with the socket main body to define a polygonal fastener receiving aperture. The socket main body can be made thin profile to allow the wrench socket to be used in close proximity to obstructions that would prevent the operation of prior art wrenches and wrench sockets.

Abstract: An adjustable flange wrench is disclosed for use with variously sized flanges. The adjustable flange wrench includes a first body, a second body and a pair of pins. The second body is rotatably attached to the first body about a rotational axis and is rotatable between first and second positions relative to the first body. Each pin is engaged with the first body and extends through the second body. When the second body is in the first position, the pair of pins are maximally separated and are aligned along a first line that intersects the rotational axis. When the second body is in the second position, the pair of pins are minimally separated and are aligned along a second line that intersects the rotational axis and is offset from the first line.

Abstract: A torque driver includes a driver arm with a pivot mounting hole formed adjacent one end, a driver spindle mounting slot or sockets spaced from the pivot mounting hole providing multiple mounting positions for retaining the driver spindle, and a locking detent. A locking element engages the locking detent, a load applicator generates a selected load onto the locking element, and a handle is pivotally attached to the driver arm at the pivot mounting hole and has finger groove for applying a tightening force. The locking detent, the locking element and the load applicator cooperate to permit relative movement between the driver arm and the handle when the tightening force applied at the finger groove is at a pre-determined value.

Abstract: A wrenching device includes a driving member, a hole and at a slit defined therein, and defines an engaging portion. The slit communicates with the hole. The wrenching device further includes an actuating member moveably disposed in the hole of the driving member, and a control member including a connecting end pivotally joining to the actuating member and including first and second engaging sides selectively abutting against a wall defined on the driving member in response to first and second operating positions thereof, respectively.

Abstract: An electronic torque wrench (10) comprises a hand grip body (11) equipped with a user interface (12), electronics (13) for controlling the wrench, a grasping area (18) and power supply batteries. The hand grip body projects out at the front with a mechanical connecting element (14) which ends at one extreme with a clamping head (16), whereas at the rear end it is equipped with a removable battery element (19) which is connected to the hand grip body through a connector group (20) for electric and mechanical connection. When the battery element (19) is removed, a connector (20a) is uncovered at the rear end of the hand grip body (11) for the connection of the wrench to a matching connector (20c) of an electric cable (21) for connecting to an external unit (22) for supplying power to the wrench and controlling it.

Abstract: A torque socket assembly includes a base which has a receiving hole defined therein. A tube sleeves on the base. The tube has a first portion and a second portion. The first portion has a recess defined in an outer periphery thereof. The first portion partially sleeves on an outer periphery of the base. A torque setting unit includes a first teethed gear disposed in the receiving hole, a second teethed gear meshed with the first teethed gear, a resilient unit abuts against the second teethed gear and the second portion, and a rod passes through the tube. The second teethed gear has an indentation formed on an outer surface thereof. A securing unit includes a pin disposed in the recess. A spring sleeves on the first portion of the tube and contacts with the pin, and an outer sleeve sleeves on outer peripheries of the spring and the tube.

Abstract: An electromechanical wrench has a housing that has a working end and a gripping end, with a driver positioned at the working end, and a handle positioned at the gripping end. The wrench further includes a click wrench emulator mechanism provided at the handle. A method of using an electromechanical wrench to secure a fastener using angular measurement without the need for establishing a zero reference point, and allowing for ratcheting, is also provided. A method of counting the number of fasteners secured by an electromechanical wrench during a wrenching job is further provided.

Abstract: A torque wrench includes a main beam having a distal end and a proximal end, a drive element disposed at the distal end of the main beam, a stationary beam having a distal end fixedly secured to the main beam at a first location on the main beam, and having a proximal end, and a displacement sensor assembly disposed at a second location associated with the main beam and with the stationary beam to detect an amount of displacement of the main beam relative to the stationary beam. The displacement sensor assembly includes an actuating element secured to one of the main beam or the stationary beam and a sensor rigidly secured to the other one of the main beam or the stationary beam and responsive to the actuating element. An electronic component is configured to generate a torque measurement based on the generated electrical signal, and store at least one of the generated electrical signal and the torque measurement for a several positions of the main beam relative to the stationary beam.

Abstract: The embodiments disclosed herein provide a device suitable for assisting cutting and/or marking metal, such as sheet metal, comprising a template member, and optionally, an attachment component such as a magnetic component. The template member may further comprises a solid substrate material or a solid component and an outer edge and/or a window component. The device is configured so that the magnetic component allows the template member to be affixed to a metal object so that the outer edge and/or the window component may be used as a guide for cutting the metal, and allows the component to be removed from the metal when it is no longer needed for cutting.

Abstract: Hand-operated tools; such as hand saws, knives, and files, having improved features for enhancing use thereof are disclosed. The hand tools include one or more recoil members and are adapted to absorb motion of the hand tool in a first direction, and to supplement motion of the hand tool in a second direction. A method for use of an improved hand tool is disclosed, the method includes hand tools adapted with recoil members.

Abstract: The cutting device can be used to slice, make julienne strips, and/or dice food items. In dicing, preferably the horizontal slicer blade is retracted during a first pass of the slider past the julienne blades, and after the slider has been rotated by 90°, during a second pass, the horizontal blade is erected to make the horizontal cut and complete the dicing operation. A slicing width adjustment is provided with a large diameter threaded member being adjustable to support a movable platform, with an adjustable locking mechanism to support the end of the platform nearest the horizontal cutting blade.

Abstract: The incomplete compound die cut along the circumference of the fine-blanked part is carried out with a specially shaped cutting edge of cutting punch (11) and/or cutting plate (5) such that the fine-blanked part (1) initially remains bonded to at least one partial connecting part on the material strip (2), either on the upper or lower plane at a level relative to the material strip. It is then moved together with the material strip in the running direction of the strip to a subsequent removal stage (ejector), in which the fine-blanked part and material strip are separated from each other perpendicular to the running direction of the material strip towards the bottom by braking the connecting part without a vertical shear force and without pressing, wherein the removed fine-blanked part (1) is fed through a chute (9) in the cutting plate.

Abstract: An apparatus for singulating unit dose blisters from a blister card including at least two perforations separating unit dose blisters positioned adjacent to each other and extending along a longitudinal length of the blister card is provided. The apparatus may include a perforation determiner and a blister card cutter. The perforation determiner may be configured to generate information indicative of a distance between a first perforation location and a second perforation location of the blister card with respect to perforations extending along a direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal length of the blister card and separating unit dose blisters to be singulated.

Abstract: The invention provides the possibility of incorporating various fixed punching stations within a single compact frame, being applicable especially to the punching of holes in the flanges of angular profiles. The punching cylinders to which the punches and punch-holders are fastened, as well as the dies and the die-holders fastened to the compact frame, allow the punching of holes at the different radial distances required in the flanges of said angular profiles. It is possible since the punch-holders and die-holders have varying eccentricities in their respective seats for the punches and dies. It is possible to select pairs of punches and dies having same eccentricity. The punch-holders and the die-holders are equipped with means for angular positioning in the respective cylinder and the compact frame.

Abstract: A blade lubrication system for a sawmill having a blade, chain or band saw, and a control mechanism for activating said blade, chain or band. The blade lubrication system automatically activates cooling and cleaning of the blade, or band when the control mechanism is activated, and automatically deactivates the cooling and cleaning of the blade, chain or band when the control mechanism is deactivated.

Abstract: A new log support and clamp system (log rest) for a portable sawmill, having a log rest and a log dog. The log rest features a ratcheting, quick-adjustable, self-locking clamp which improves the ability of the user to affix the log in place for sawing. Also, a portable sawmill having such a log rest.

Abstract: A circular and miter box saw has a contact table containing a support device that can be pivoted about a pivoting axis relative to the contact table and a base plate. The support device is pivot-supported on the base plate. The saw further has a miter box arm that can be pivoted about the pivoting axis, and a sawing device being disposed on the miter box arm, or above the contact table, respectively, wherein the sawing device can be displaced by a gliding guide device. The circular and miter box saw has a high cutting quality and a safe work piece contact surface and is characterized in that the gliding guide device is provided substantially below the base plate.

Abstract: A band saw blade includes multiple saw teeth having a straight tooth and right and left set teeth, and also includes a gullet portion provided between the saw teeth. A rake surface of each of the saw teeth is provided with a chip curler portion formed into an arc shape at an entire range of approximately 90° to form a chip generated at the time of cutting a work into a small rolled shape before the chip comes into contact with a bottom portion of the gullet portion. A chip non-contact surface to be kept out of contact with the chip is formed to have either a flat surface or a convex surface between the chip curler portion and the bottom portion of the gullet portion, and a dent portion is formed between the chip non-contact surface and the gullet bottom portion, the dent portion recessed from the chip non-contact surface in an opposite direction to a moving direction of the band saw blade in order to increase a radius of a concave curved surface constituting a back side of the gullet bottom portion.

Abstract: A high precision micro/nanoscale machining system. A multi-axis movement machine provides relative movement along multiple axes between a workpiece and a tool holder. A cutting tool is disposed on a flexible cantilever held by the tool holder, the tool holder being movable to provide at least two of the axes to set the angle and distance of the cutting tool relative to the workpiece. A feedback control system uses measurement of deflection of the cantilever during cutting to maintain a desired cantilever deflection and hence a desired load on the cutting tool.

Abstract: A scribing system comprising a mounting mechanism, stylus, and force generating mechanism is provided. The mounting mechanism is configured to rotate an elongated object in such a manner that the object is subjected to a bow effect wherein a middle portion of the object bends relative to the end portions of the object. The stylus is for scribing the object at a position x along the long dimension of the object while the mounting mechanism rotates the object. The force generating mechanism is connected to the stylus so that the stylus applies the same constant force to the elongated object regardless of the position x along the long dimension of the object that the stylus is positioned, while the mounting mechanism rotates the object and thereby subjects the object to the bow effect, thereby scribing the object.

Abstract: Described herein are fingerboards and neck assemblies for use with stringed musical instruments. The neck assembly can include a light-system disposed therein. The light system has a light matrix of light elements. The fingerboard is adapted to conceal the presence of the light elements when the light elements are not illuminated and to allow the passage of at least some illumination from the light elements when the light elements are illuminated.

Abstract: The object of the invention is a conductor centric electronic music stand system (1) comprising a master electronic music stand (10) and one or more slave electronic music stands (50). An interactive user interface (100) for use in at 1 electronic music stand (10 or 50) and a computer-readable storage medium containing a set of instructions (SI) are also provided. The conductor centric electronic music stand system (I), the interactive user interface (100) and the computer-readable storage medium containing a set of instructions (SI). The instructions (SI) enable the transmission of annotations and or changes to the sheet music between the master electronic music stand (10) and slave electronic music stands (50); and to enable the master electronic music stand (10) to transmit sheet music retrieved from its storage medium (12) to one or more slave electronic music stands (50).

Abstract: Audio data representative of a music piece is converted into data components in respective different frequency bands for every unit time interval to generate time frequency data pieces assigned to the respective different frequency bands. From the generated time frequency data pieces, detection is made as to each sustain region in which an effective data component in one of the frequency bands continues to occur during a reference time interval or longer. A feature quantity is calculated from at least one of (1) a number of the detected sustain regions and (2) magnitudes of the effective data components in the detected sustain regions. The music piece is classified in response to the calculated feature quantity.

Abstract: Audio data representative of a music piece is converted into data components in respective different frequency bands for every unit time interval to generate time frequency data pieces assigned to the respective different frequency bands. From the generated time frequency data pieces, detection is made as to each sustain region in which an effective data component in one of the frequency bands continues to occur during a reference time interval or longer. A feature quantity is calculated from at least one of (1) a number of the detected sustain regions and (2) magnitudes of the effective data components in the detected sustain regions. The music piece is classified in response to the calculated feature quantity.

Abstract: A user interface apparatus for displaying areas having vocal or instrumental unit signals that are included in an input musical tone signal. Display locations, for display on a display screen that has a localization-frequency plane, are calculated for the input musical tone signal based on localization information of each frequency band. Then, the primary level distributions, in which the levels of the frequency band corresponding to each display location are expanded and obtained using a specified distribution in each of the frequency bands, is calculated. The secondary level distribution is calculated in this manner by aggregating the frequency bands for each respective display location. Said secondary level distribution is displayed in three dimensions (the localization axis, the frequency axis, and the level axis) and viewed from the level axis direction. Therefore, the areas, in which the vocal or instrumental units exist in a grouped state, can be easily identified.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for displaying and scrolling musical notes and a method for a user to perform music using such a system. In particular, the system includes a tempo detector for detecting the user's tempo, so that musical notes are displayed and scrolled in synchronization with the user's actual tempo. A group of tablet-shaped display devices incorporating such a system can be used to display musical notes for multiple instruments, which may be the same or different instruments, to a group of users.

Abstract: A musical tone signal processing apparatus configured to extract musical tone signals that are signal processed for a plurality of localizations. Such an apparatus may be configured to carry out signal processing for signals that have been extracted by first retrieving processing (S100) and/or second retrieving processing (S200). The first retrieving processing (S100) and the second retrieving processing (S200) extracts a musical tone signal (e.g., the left channel signal and the right channel signal) that satisfies each of the conditions that have been set (e.g., frequency, localization, and maximum level) as the extraction signal. Accordingly, the extraction signal can be extracted to allow the musical tone signal processing apparatus to signal process the extraction signal for each of the plurality of conditions.

Abstract: A musical tone signal processing apparatus configured to freely expand or contract an acoustic image. A setting means may set a second reference localization, a first function that stipulates expansion of the boundary of one end of a direction range, and a second function that stipulates expansion of the boundary of an other end of said direction range. In addition, an output direction indicated by localization information of an extraction signal that exists in the direction range in which the conditions have been set in this manner is shifted by an acoustic image scaling means. The acoustic image in said direction range is expanded or contracted accordingly. In other words, the acoustic image formed by the extraction signal is expanded or contracted by shifting the output direction for each extraction signal extracted from within the direction range.

Abstract: Phase setting section sets virtual phases in a frequency series of an audio signal. Unit wave extraction section extracts, from the frequency series, a unit wave of one cyclic period defined by the set virtual phases, for each of a plurality of time points. First generation section generates velocity information corresponding to a degree of compression/expansion, to a predetermined length, of the unit wave. Second generation section generates shape information indicative of a shape of a frequency spectrum of the unit wave having been adjusted. Variation component impartment section generates a variation component by use of the velocity information and shape information generated for the individual time points.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining the pitch of a vibrating string (1) of a string instrument as well as a string instrument comprising at least one such string (1) that is mounted between a bridge (2) and a nut (3). The string (1) can be fixed to a specific attachment point between the bridge (2) and the nut (3) by means of a member (4) in order to generate a sound that is higher than the basic pitch. The distance (D) between the bridge (2) and the attachment point is determined by means of an optical measuring device (6, 7), and the pitch of the vibrating string (1) is then determined from the distance (D).

Abstract: A Wearable Trigger Electronic Music System that can be adopted for simulating any kind of music, anywhere, any time. As for example one can create all the benefits of the percussion instrument such as a drum kit but without the cost and burden of a drum kit. Same also applies to string, wind and other types of instruments of any nation, any culture, any motif, any era any age etc. The system includes all its constituent components including sensors, transducers, electronics, music module, pre-amps and amplifiers, wired or wireless to connections for intra and inter modules including final enjoyment by wired or wireless headphones or speakers. Also delineated is the process of creating music for the DIY enthusiast.

Abstract: A device for accurately detecting key operation speed with a simple configuration in which a plurality of alternating signals, which have mutually differing phases, is supplied to transmission electrodes. From this, capacitance between reception electrodes and the transmission electrodes is changed by a key pressing operation, and the phases of the alternating signals induced in the reception electrodes are compared and discriminated.

Abstract: An armoring element for a structure, such as a vehicle, and comprising a case integral with said structure and enclosing at least two passive or reactive armoring modules, separated by a layer of shock-absorbing material, said case containing two fixed lateral walls parallel to one another and integral with a back wall intended to be positioned on said structure, wherein said armoring modules are mounted sliding on slides integral with the lateral walls of said case, and wherein they may thus be individually introduced or removed from said case via a front opening positioned opposite said back wall and delimited by said lateral walls, stop means ensuring the retention of each of said armoring modules with respect to said lateral walls when it is put into place on said lateral walls.

Abstract: The invention relates to a boron carbide composite material comprising diamond particles and boron carbide, the composite material having a porosity of less than 2 percent by volume. The invention further relates to a method for manufacturing such materials, the method including coating a plurality of diamond particles with boron carbide, combining the plurality of diamond particles to form a green body and subjecting the green body to a temperature in the range from about 1,200 degrees centigrade to about 2,000 degrees centigrade and pressure or vacuum not exceeding about 2,000 Mpa.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses of generating a dynamic variable average flow applied by a hydraulic system of a vehicle.

Abstract: A length-adjustable piston cylinder unit comprises a casing which is filled with a fluid and has a central longitudinal axis; a guide and sealing unit which seals off the casing at a first end; a piston rod which is guided through the guide and sealing unit out of the first end of the casing in a sealed manner; a piston which is connected with the piston rod and is guided in the casing in a sealed manner; a first interior portion which is bounded between the piston and the guide and sealing unit; a second interior portion which is bounded by the piston and faces away from the first interior portion; an adjustment valve arranged in the piston for optionally connecting the two interior portions to each other; a guide sleeve which is arranged for displacement on the casing and is concentric to the central longitudinal axis, the guide sleeve being secured to the piston rod at a sleeve end and comprising at least one latch opening which is spaced from the sleeve end along the central longitudinal axis; and a latch

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments are directed to a hydraulic stored-energy spring mechanism for a high voltage circuit breaker. The spring mechanism includes a working cylinder situated in a working cylinder housing, at least one spring and at least one compression piston. The compression piston is slidably displaceable in a storage cylinder. The at least one storage spring pressurizes fluid located in the storage piston via the compression piston. The storage spring is held in a form-fitting manner by a support tube unit in the preloaded state.

Abstract: A multi-part piston for a brake saddle of a hydraulically and/or mechanically and/or electromechanically actuated disk brake is described herein. The piston is a pot open on one side and including a base and a wall attached thereto in one piece. The base can be impinged by brake pressure coming from the inside of the pot so that an outward-facing abutting surface of the base can be pressed against a brake lining. The inside of the pot receives at least one pressure piece associated with a parking brake mechanism. For simplified manufacture in the form of a modular piston system for use in various applications, it is proposed that the pressure piece and the base comprise conical surfaces facing one another for transferring braking pressure.

Abstract: A brake stud housing assembly and method of construction of such assembly for vehicles that exhibits increased shock resistance and vibration reduction capability, allowing for increased durability of a brake housing assembly. The housing assembly includes a vibration dampening layer having an adhesive material that provides a permanent connection between the housing shell and reinforcing plate, which transfers both tensile and compressive loading forces between the housing shell and reinforcing plate in order to reduce vibration and stress.

Abstract: The invention relates to a piston machine (10, 40) which comprises at least a cylinder (12a, 12b) and a cylinder head (18a, 18b) closing an opening of the cylinder (12a, 12b). Further, the piston machine (10, 40) has a piston (22a, 22b) arranged, at least in part, within the cylinder (12a, 12b) and arranged movably in its longitudinal direction with the aid of a connecting rod (28a, 28b). The piston (22a, 22b) has an opening extending in its longitudinal direction, within which at least a partial area of a guiding element (30a, 30b) firmly connected to the cylinder head (18a, 18b) is arranged.

Abstract: An adsorption drying apparatus, in particular for drying a compressed gas, includes an adsorption chamber (11) having a plurality of adsorption conduits (101) containing an adsorption material (123), a first feeding line (106) and a first discharging line (109) disposed at a first end (111) of the adsorption chamber (11), and a second feeding line (108) and a second discharging line (107) disposed at a second end (112) of the adsorption chamber (11). The adsorption chamber (11) is rotatable with respect to the feeding and discharging lines (106, 107, 108, 109) so that the adsorption conduits may be fluidically connected in temporal alternation, wherein the gas is dried in a drying sector (102), and the adsorption material (123) is regenerated in the regeneration sector (103). The first feeding line (106) is configured such that the gas stream to be dried may be fed to the regeneration sector (103) as a full flow.

Abstract: Separation systems can utilize a combination of forces to separate constituent components of a working fluid from each other. Some separation systems utilize one or more of centrifugal and gravitational forces in the purification of hydrogen gas. Some separation systems can utilize one or more of electromotive and magnetic forces in the purification of hydrogen gas.

Abstract: The invention involves a process for maintaining a low level of carbon monoxide in a carbon dioxide product stream and also for keeping the carbon monoxide out of the fully shifted synthesis gas. The overall process is a process for treating both fully shifted and partially shifted or unshifted synthesis gas. The carbon monoxide is separately removed by a carbon monoxide stripping column and returned to the partially shifted or unshifted synthesis gas which can then undergo a shift reaction to convert the carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide.