Abstract: A winder for winding a web to produce a rolled product is provided. The winder includes a web transport apparatus that is used for conveying the web. Also included in one exemplary embodiment is a plurality of independent winding modules. The winding modules are independently positioned to independently engage the web as the web is conveyed by the web transport apparatus. The winding modules may be configured to wind the web to form a rolled product by center winding, surface winding, and combinations of center and surface winding. The winding modules are structurally and operationally independent of one another where if one module is disabled, another may still operate to produce the rolled product without shutting down the winder.

Abstract: A dispenser for sheet material such as paper towel, having a housing body and a housing cover. A feed mechanism in the dispenser includes a drive roller and a pressure roller forming a nip therebetween. Movement of the housing cover from a closed position towards an open position moves the pressure roller relatively away from the drive roller to open the nip. The reverse occurs during closing the cover. This allows easy access to the space between the rollers when adding a new supply of sheet material or when removing sheet material jams. A method for loading a dispenser is also included.

Abstract: A multi-wing, airfoil fuselage aircraft that is capable of flying in a ground-effect mode includes a main airfoil fuselage wing, a fin that extends vertically from this wing, a pivot mount that is affixed to the fin, an auxiliary wing that connects to the pivot mount so as to allow its angle of attack to be adjusted and changed during different flight conditions, a main landing gear, an adjustable-length, stabilizing landing gear, assorted control surfaces that are movably affixed to the auxiliary wing and fin, and a ground-effect control system that is adapted to control the operation and movement of these control surfaces when the aircraft is flying in a ground-effect mode of flight.

Abstract: The present invention describes an aircraft having a rotating engine. The aircraft comprises a means for rotating the engine 360° to allow directional control of the aircraft via rotation of the engine's thrust output. The aircraft can further comprise a plurality of flap members located on the wings of the aircraft and in communication with the rotating gas turbine engine to further control and stabilize flight of the aircraft. The gas turbine engine of the aircraft can comprise a compressor, a combustion chamber, and at least two turbines mounted oppositely to the combustion chamber, such that the gas turbine engine is capable of generating more thrust from a single engine.

Abstract: A vehicle including a fuselage having a longitudinal axis and a transverse axis, two Ducted Fan lift-producing propellers carried by the fuselage on each side of the transverse axis, a pilot's compartment formed in the fuselage between the lift-producing propellers and substantially aligned with one side of the fuselage, a payload bay formed in the fuselage between the lift-producing propellers and opposite the pilot's compartment, and two pusher fans located at the rear of the vehicle. Many variations are described enabling the vehicle to be used not only as a VTOL vehicle, but also as a multi-function utility vehicle for performing many diverse functions including hovercraft and ATV functions. Also described is an Unmanned version of the vehicle. Also described are unique features applicable in any single or multiple ducted fans and VTOL vehicles.

Abstract: A vertical takeoff and landing aircraft having a fuselage with three wings and six synchronously tilt-able propulsion units, each one mounted above, below, or on each half of the aforementioned three wings. The propulsion units are vertical for vertical flight, and horizontal for forward flight. The aircraft wings are placed such that the rear wing is above the middle wing which is placed above the front wing. The placement of each of the propulsion units relative to the center of gravity of the aircraft about the vertical axis inherently assures continued stability in vertical flight mode, following the loss of thrust from any one propulsion unit. The placement of the propulsion units, viewing the aircraft from the front, is such that each propulsion units' thrust wake does not materially disturb the propulsion unit to its rear.

Abstract: Pylon (19) attached to an aircraft fuselage part (17) having a close transversal section of a curved shape comprising a skin (31) and a plurality of frames (33); its structural configuration comprising a central box (41) inside the aircraft fuselage and two external lateral boxes (51, 55) at its both sides all of them made with composite material, the three boxes (41, 51, 61) being structured as multi-spar boxes with upper and lower skins (43, 45; 53, 55; 63, 65), lateral spars (47, 49; 57, 59, 67, 69) and at least a central spar (48, 58; 68); the interface between the central box (41) and the fuselage skin (31) being continuous; c) the pylon (19) being attached to the aircraft fuselage (17) keeping a full continuity in the fuselage skin (31) and a full transfer of loads between any interrupted intermediate frame (33?) when reaching the central box (41).

Abstract: An aircraft propulsion system including a bypass turbojet engine surrounded by a nacelle together with a mechanism attaching the engine to a pylon of an aircraft. The nacelle includes an inner structure forming a body of revolution including a rigid framework formed by an upstream annular frame fastened to an intermediate casing of the engine, a downstream annular frame supporting the exhaust casing of the engine, and longitudinal arms connecting the frames together, the annular downstream frame being fastened to the pylon by a flexible or hinged suspension mechanism.

Abstract: An unmanned aerial surveillance and reconnaissance system are disclosed wherein an unmanned aerial vehicle is launchable from a launch tube, for instance, the bore of an existing weapons system mounted on a mobile vehicle, such as a weapon barrel of a tank or armored combat vehicle and which the launch may be remotely initiated from the protected armored compartment of the mobile vehicle.

Abstract: An aircraft nacelle includes an air intake that makes it possible to channel the air in a pipe in the direction of a pipe of a power plant that is arranged in the extension of the pipe, whereby the pipe of the air intake includes at least one panel that integrates an acoustic treatment with an acoustically resistive porous layer that is in contact with the aerodynamic stream that enters into the nacelle, at least one alveolar structure, and a reflective or impermeable layer that forms the rear surface of the panel, a flange that ensures the connection between the air intake and the power plant including at least one wing that is connected to the air intake by a number of connecting elements, characterized in that some of the connecting elements have axes that are secant with the edge of the panel that delimits the pipe of the air intake.

Abstract: An aircraft frame and a method for obtaining an aircraft frame, which frame is made of composite material, and which frame comprises several partitions (20) that form, when joined, the aforementioned frame in its entirety, with these partitions (20) comprising sections (1) with a length (2), and sections (1) that are being arranged on the inside of the skin (3) that forms the fuselage of the aircraft. This fuselage is integrally embodied in a single piece, with the length (2) of the sections (1) being the maximum possible, in such a way that the maximum separation (5) between the frame section (1) and the skin (3), with the separation (5) being measured by the inside of the aforementioned skin (3), is lower than the limit value permitted for the use of a liquid sealant.

Abstract: An air passenger seat with at least one basic body unit and a fastening device which is fastened to the basic body unit and is provided for fastening a child seat. It is proposed that the fastening device has an intersecting point for connecting to a fastening means of the child seat, said intersecting point being connected rigidly to the basic body unit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a coupling system for use between cladding and structural elements supporting same, said cladding comprising thin sheets (3) of alloys or composite materials. The facing surfaces of the sheets (3) and the structural elements (1 and 2) bear means for coupling said sheets and structural elements, which means are formed by male (6) and female (7) tongue-and-groove configurations provided along the length of at least part of the contact areas between the sheets and the structural elements.

Abstract: An anti-icing system for a nacelle of an aircraft engine. The nacelle has an inlet lip that defines a leading edge of the nacelle, and further has an annular-shaped cavity adjacent and delimited in part by an interior surface of the inlet lip. An anti-icing system is located within the cavity and includes a manifold with a cross-sectional shape that conforms to the interior surface of the inlet lip. A wall of the manifold faces the interior surface of the inlet lip, and air is conducted to the manifold to cause heating of the inlet lip via the manifold wall.

Abstract: System (10) for disconnecting the nozzle (1) of a boom from a receptacle (2) to which the nozzle (1) is connected for fuel transfer, comprising latches (3) which are situated in the nozzle (1) and engage with latch-pins (5) arranged in the said receptacle (2), characterized in that the system (10) comprises a receptacle disconnection system (20) which operates the latch-pins (5) of the receptacle (2) and a nozzle disconnection system (30) which operates the latches (3) of the nozzle (1) such that, when an operator performs normal disconnection of the nozzle (1), the system (10) sends a first signal (21) to the receptacle (2) so that its latch-pins (5) are retracted in order to release the latches (3) of the nozzle (1) and, in parallel, sends a second signal (31) to the nozzle (1) so that the latches (3) of the nozzle (1) are retracted and release the said nozzle (1).

Abstract: An aircraft panel which is a wall of a fluid tank when in use, the panel comprising a skin layer with an outer surface which is an aerodynamic surface of an aircraft when in use; a hole in the skin layer; an ultrasonic gauge which is mounted to an inner surface of the skin layer adjacent to the hole in the skin layer; and an access panel which covers the hole and can be removed to gain access to the gauge.

Abstract: A parachute container system including: a reserve compartment; a main compartment; a reserve parachute pathway configured to enable a mechanical connection between a reserve parachute canopy and a reserve parachute connection point external to the parachute container system when a reserve parachute canopy is positioned in the reserve compartment; and a main parachute pathway configured to enable a mechanical connection between a main parachute canopy and a main parachute connection point external to the parachute container system when a main parachute canopy is positioned in the main compartment. When the parachute container system is positioned on a parachutist at least a portion of the reserve compartment is disposed between the main compartment and the parachutist.

Abstract: A cargo parachute release apparatus comprising an assembly plate and a hinged member that is hinged to the assembly plate with a hinge pin. Parachute riser attachment components are positioned between the assembly plate and hinged member when the hinged member is in the closed position. An electronic package assembly having a microprocessor having predetermined parameters is provided, and the electronic package assembly has horizontal and vertical accelerometers and a strain gage for collecting data and sending the data to the microprocessor for processing. When the incoming data matches the predetermined parameters that indicate impact has been made, the microprocessor sends a firing signal to an electro-explosive device to detonate which causes the hinged member to open and release the parachute. The cargo is not dragged along the ground, tipped over or otherwise damaged.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for an innovative spacecraft (S/C) safing methodology. The system and method use wheel momentum to perform a rotisserie rotation so that the spacecraft can slew at a fast rate in a controlled fashion in order to keep the spacecraft power safe and maintain telemetry and command (T&C) coverage. The system and method involve a reaction wheel system and a spacecraft control processor (SCP). The SCP is in communication with the reaction wheel system. The SCP is operable to determine a rotisserie axis, and take the cross product of the rotisserie axis and a momentum vector to result in a unit vector. The SCP is further operable to slowly slew the spacecraft about the unit vector through an angle until the rotisserie axis aligns with the momentum vector, and rotate the spacecraft about the rotisserie axis to keep the spacecraft power safe.

Abstract: A slat support assembly is disclosed. It comprises a slat support arm (3) having a plurality of bearing surfaces (28a, 28b, 29a, 29b) extending along its length, the slat (2) support arm being movable to deploy a slat attached to one end (4) of said slat support arm from a leading edge of an aircraft wing (1), and a plurality of bearings (27a, 27b, 31a, 31b) mountable within the wing, each bearing being in rolling contact with an associated bearing surface to support the slat support arm and guide it during deployment and retraction of the slat. At least some of the bearing surfaces and associated bearings are configured so that each bearing counteracts load applied to the slat support arm in more than one direction.

Abstract: A two element aerofoil, and wing element based thereon, is provided, including a primary aerofoil element including a leading edge of the aerofoil and a secondary aerofoil element including a trailing edge of the aerofoil. A gap is provided between the primary aerofoil element and the secondary aerofoil element. The primary aerofoil element has at least one of a profile, orientation and location with respect to a respective at least one of a profile, orientation and location of the secondary aerofoil element that is configured for minimizing or avoiding accretion of contaminant on the secondary aerofoil element when subjected to an airflow that includes the contaminant, at least at one design set of conditions. A method for designing a two element aerofoil is also provided.

Abstract: A flight control system includes a controller which defines a controller displacement and a control surface which defines a control surface authority. A module operable to provide a displacement feel to the controller in response to a remaining portion of the controller displacement being greater than a remaining portion of the control surface authority and the module operable to re-reference a center of the controller displacement to equate the remaining portion of the controller displacement with the remaining portion of the control surface authority in response to the remaining portion of the controller displacement being less than the remaining portion of the control surface authority.

Abstract: A process for deposition of a coating whose purpose is to improve the laminar flows at a junction between a first panel (36) of a leading edge and a second panel (34) of an adjacent surface according to the direction of the flows, characterized in that it includes the following stages: determining the theoretical continuous surface (46) at the junction, producing a shallow groove (48) relative to the theoretical continuous surface (46), which extends over a width such that the outside surfaces of the panels (34, 36) do not project further relative to the theoretical surface (46), and depositing a coating (50) in the groove (48) in such a way as to fill it in.

Abstract: A masonry unit wall support system and method for supporting one or more pipes within a masonry unit wall includes a compressible support structure containing one or more holes for one or more pipes. The compressible support structure is compressively inserted into a hollow core cavity of a masonry unit to create a relatively immovable support for one or more pipes inserted through one or more holes that may be formed in the support structure either before or after the support structure is compressively inserted into the hollow core cavity.

Abstract: A collapsible frame includes first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth bones. The first bone includes a horizontal segment extending between two vertical segments. The second bone includes a horizontal segment extending between two vertical segments. The third bone includes two lateral segments. The fourth bone includes two lateral segments. Each of the vertical segments of the first bone is pivotally connected to a related one of the lateral segments of the third bone and a related one of the lateral segments of the fourth bone. The horizontal segment of the first bone is pivotally connected to the horizontal segment of the second bone. Each of the vertical segments of the second bone is pivotally connected to an end of the fifth bone and an end of the sixth bone.

Abstract: A rotating mounting assembly comprising an extension member and a downtilt member having hinge tabs that form a plurality of revolving nutplate hinges. The plurality of nutplate hinges coupling the extension member to the downtilt member such that the downtilt member rotates about the nutplate hinges relative to the extension member. The hinge tabs having a plurality of apertures. Coaxial alignment of apertures on an extension hinge tab with apertures on a downtilt hinge tab forming a plurality of adjustment features. Adjacent apertures on the extension hinge tabs having a different spacing than adjacent apertures on the downtilt hinge tabs in order to provide a series of highly-acute settings along the angular rotation of the assembly.

Abstract: A suction cup device includes a cup forming unit cooperating with a flat surface to create a volume-variable space, a liftable rod secured to a central portion of the cup forming unit, a bracing shell member having a force-transmitting surrounding wall in engagement with a peripheral portion of the cup forming unit, and a twistable cap member having a surrounding bottom wall in abutting against a circumferential abutment region of the bracing shell member and threadedly engaged with the liftable rod such that a manually twisted movement of the twistable cap member can result in axial movement of the rod so as to pull the central portion away from the flat surface to produce a reduced pressure in the volume-variable space and a biasing force to thereby ensuring fluid-tight engagement of the cup forming unit with the flat surface.

Abstract: A holder for a therapeutic device for treating wounds of the type having a housing equipped with a fluid mover for one of raising, compressing, or transferring fluid, and a therapeutic member operably connected to the fluid mover and actuated thereby, the therapeutic member operably disposably used on a patient in a manner to deliver therapy to the patient as a function of actuation of said fluid mover, includes a removable receiving compartment for removably receiving the device therein, and an outwardly disposed connecting surface to provide for the compartment to be suspended on an object elevated from a floor.

Abstract: An apparatus for hanging an object from a wall comprises a generally triangular-shaped frame having a horizontal portion, a vertical portion and cross-member between the vertical and horizontal portions. The vertical portion is configured for attachment to a wall stud. The horizontal portion defines an elongate slot that extends a substantial length of the horizontal portion. A hook member is slideably coupled to the slot and is configured to support a weight of an object suspended therefrom.

Abstract: A utility corner shelf bracket which enables easy installation and removal, which are done quickly and without requiring tools, of a utility corner shelf bracket, and placing a shelf upon it, and which it based on bows which are capable of bending on one plane and durable to loads perpendicular to this plane and a tensioning system which enables adjustment to the wall corner prior to installation and fastening to the wall during installation.

Abstract: A patient care equipment support system includes an arm having a first arm portion and a second arm portion that telescopically extends and retracts relative to the first arm portion along a substantially horizontal axis. The first arm portion includes a first end of the arm that is supported for pivoting movement about a substantially vertical first axis. The second arm portion includes a second end of the arm. A column is situated beneath the second end of the arm. The column includes a first column portion and a second column portion that telescopically extends and retracts relative to the first column portion along a substantially vertical second axis.

Abstract: The invention, a guitar holding/mounting device, was created as an application to hold, mount or display guitars in a retail, home or recording studio environments as an improvement over current products and or methods in which guitars are hung by the neck and head stock by a “U” shaped holder, which has shown a propensity to detune, damage guitar finishes and place undue stress on the instrument over all, causing depreciation in value and additional maintenance. The guitar holding/mounting device is designed to solve current shortcomings of existing products by holding and securing the instrument in place by means of “nesting” the body onto the mount through use of a high strength Neodymium magnet located at the top of the invention positioned behind the guitar body as opposed to hanging guitar by the neck and or head stock to hang or mount the guitar.

Abstract: A linear brace used to prevent the bowing and complete failure of a glass aquarium when the manufacturer's plastic, center brace fails. Through general steel fabrication techniques, the tubular, mild steel is cut to a specified length determined by the aquarium width. Both ends of the tubular steel are cut in 45 degree angles and smaller pieces of the tubular steel which protrude in a downward direction. A three eight's nut is welded to the bottom of the backside of the brace. A three eights bolt is threaded in the nut that was previous welded to the tube. After the bolt is threaded into the nut an additional nut is threaded onto the opposite end of the bolt and plug welded. This creates a adjustable mechanism to allow for easy installation. Then When the brace is in place on the aquarium, both downward tubes reside on the outside of the aquarium and are secured by adjusting the thread and nut mechanism.

Abstract: An instrument stand includes a first frame member hingedly engaged with a second frame member; a first strut member hingedly attached to the first frame member; a second strut member hingedly attached to the second frame member; and a pair of elongate foot members respectively attached to the first frame member and the second frame member, each elongate foot member being pivotally attached to the respective frame member. The first strut member is hingedly attached to the second strut member.

Abstract: A collapsible device that can be quickly and easily mounted to certain types of music stands to allow viewing of up to six sheets of paper side by side. The device consists principally of four panel sections, two of which, in the expanded position, hang from the top horizontal edge of the music stand via lips provided for this purpose. Two lower panels, each attached via hinge to the upper panel directly above it, also include lip features at the bottom of the device for holding the sheets of paper. In the expanded position, the four panels cover and extend the viewable plane of the stand. The device can be folded on two perpendicular axes for compact storage and transport. Usable width combined with ease of transport and deployment differentiate the device from prior art, allowing the device to be treated as part of a musician's personal gear.

Abstract: An adaptive aid used for reading, writing and with a laptop computer for typing. The Slant Board is comprised of several components that when assembled work in synergy to provide the unique functions of the invention. The folding locking legs are utilized to set the dry erase/magnetic-working surface at a prescribed angle to perform a task. The Slant Board is compact for storage, multifunctional in its uses and lightweight for transportability.

Abstract: An arrangement for fastening functional units in a vehicle is disclosed. The arrangement includes a carrier part arranged between a functional unit and the vehicle. The carrier part is designed in one piece and includes, on the side facing the vehicle, mechanical connecting elements which in each case are specific to the vehicle. On the opposing side facing the interior of the vehicle, the carrier part includes mechanical connecting elements adapted to the functional unit. A roof module is formed by the arrangement, which is attached approximately centrally in the transition region of the vehicle body to the front windscreen.

Abstract: A system for supporting a microphone comprises a microphone clip having a holder, a shock absorber coupled to the holder, and a mount plate coupled to the shock absorber. The shock absorber comprises one or more webs having one or more openings defined therein, and the mount plate defines a pair of generally opposed channels. The clip is attachable to a grip plate mounted on a stand. The grip plate defines a pair of lips, each being configured to engage each of the generally opposed channels on the mount plate. A microphone support device comprises a microphone sleeve, a shock absorber integrally formed with the microphone sleeve, and a mount plate integrally formed with the shock absorber. The shock absorber comprises one or more webs having a plurality of openings. A grip plate is selectively engageable with the mount plate and is adjustably mountable on a microphone stand.

Abstract: Supporting girder for floor slab formwork. The invention relates to a formwork system comprising a supporting girder for the support girders that receives the support of floor slab formwork boards. The upper face of said supporting girder is provided with a plurality of successive housings for receiving the girders, arranged one after another forming a series of housings along the entire length of said upper face without interruption, such that the girders can be transversely arranged and, where appropriate, overlapped with one another for their extension, in any position along the supporting girder. The housings furthermore have identical transverse dimensions, therefore the supporting girders can also be overlapped with one another to extend their length.

Abstract: A system and/or a method reads, measures and/or controls intensity of light emitted from a light-emitting diode (LED). The system and/or the method have a light intensity detector adjacent to the LED for reading and/or measuring the intensity of light emitted from the LED. The system and/or the method have a control circuit that may be electrically connected to both the detector and/or the LED for measuring and/or for controlling an intensity of light emitted from the LED. A housing surrounds the light detector and/or the LED. The housing has a pathway that allows only light emitted from the LED to reach the light detector. The LED has a finish and/or a coating that eliminates and/or retards absorption of light by internal components of the LED. The finish and/or the coating eliminates and/or retards reflection of the light by the LED.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for a control device and control device operation. In one embodiment a control device includes a slider configured to support a control knob, a rack coupled to the slider and configured to linearly displace the slider. The rack including slots. The control device may further include a drive element configured to displace the rack and position the control knob, and an optical detection module configured to detect position of the control knob based on one or more optical signals detected relative to slots of the rack. According to another embodiment, a control console is provided including control devices.

Abstract: An optical system for acquiring fast spectra from spatially channel arrays includes a light source for producing a light beam that passes through the microfluidic chip or the channel to be monitored, one or more lenses or optical fibers for capturing the light from the light source after interaction with the particles or chemicals in the microfluidic channels, and one or more detectors. The detectors, which may include light amplifying elements, detect each light signal and transducer the light signal into an electronic signal. The electronic signals, each representing the intensity of an optical signal, pass from each detector to an electronic data acquisition system for analysis. The light amplifying element or elements may comprise an array of phototubes, a multianode phototube, or a multichannel plate based image intensifier coupled to an array of photodiode detectors.

Abstract: A solid-state imaging apparatus, controlling a potential on a semiconductor substrate for an electronic shutter operation, includes: a first semiconductor region of the first conductivity type for forming a photoelectric conversion region; a second semiconductor region of the first conductivity type, formed separately from the photoelectric conversion region, for accumulating carriers; a third semiconductor region of a second conductivity type arranged under the second semiconductor region, for operating as a potential barrier; a fourth semiconductor region of the second conductivity type extending between the first semiconductor region and the semiconductor substrate, and between the third semiconductor region and the semiconductor substrate; and a first voltage supply portion for supplying a voltage to the third semiconductor region; wherein the first voltage supply portion includes a fifth semiconductor region of the second conductivity type arranged in the pixel region, and a first electrode connected to

Abstract: Disclosed are a pinned photodiode having and electrically controllable pinning layer and an image sensor including the pinned photodiode. A predetermined voltage is applied to the pinning layer for the depletion duration of the photodiode in the image sensor, so that stable surface pinning is acquired and the uniform surface pinning is achieved between pixels.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a detection system for the detection of movements of a movable object. The detection system may comprises: a light emitting device (S) for emitting light, a reflecting unit (5) being arranged in functional connection with the movable object and being adapted for reflecting the emitted light, a plurality of detectors (D1 to D4) for detecting the reflected light and outputting detection signals for determining a movement of the movable object. When reflecting the emitted light, the reflecting unit causes a light spot to be incident on the plurality of detectors, and the plurality of detectors are arranged in a predetermined manner so as to be located completely inside the light spot irrespective of any movement of the movable object. The present invention further relates to a method of detecting movements of the movable object, and an IC having implemented therein the detection system.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit capable of protection from card hacking, by which erroneous actions are actively induced by irradiation with light and protected secret information is illegitimately acquired, is to be provided. Photodetectors, configured by a standard logic process, hardly distinguishable from other circuits and consumes very little standby power, are mounted on a semiconductor integrated circuit, such as an IC card microcomputer. Each of the photodetectors, for instance, has a configuration in which a first state is held in a static latch by its initializing action and reversal to a second state takes place when semiconductor elements in a state of non-conduction, constituting the static latch of the first state, is irradiated with light. A plurality of photodetectors are arranged in a memory cell array. By incorporating the static latch type photodetector into the memory array, they can be arranged inconspicuously.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical module and system for a liquid sample, and more particularly to an optical module and system for measuring a property of a liquid sample. The optical system comprises a substrate, a laser source, at least one photo detector, and a microprocessor, wherein the substrate comprises a sample surface at the top, a light-out surface, and an extruded light guide block with a light-in surface at the bottom. The extruded light guide block guides light from the light-in surface to the sample surface with a useful incident angle. In the present invention, the analysis can be processed with the normalized intensities of the reflected and scattered light for enhancing the accuracy of the system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a movement detection device for detecting a movement of an object in a space range. The movement detection device includes a light source, a light guiding element, at least two light sensing elements and a processing unit. The light sensing elements have an offset therebetween along a first direction such that the object, when moving in the space range, reflects the light from the light source sequentially to the light sensing elements through the light guiding element. The processing unit identifies the movement of the object along the first direction according to a sequence that the light sensing elements detect the light reflected by the object.

Abstract: Methods for empirical determination of a correction function for correcting beam hardening and stray beam effects of water-equivalent tissue in projection radiography or computed tomography using an imaging detector, and apparatuses for implementing the same are disclosed. The projection values obtained from the logarithmic values of the detector signals are corrected, the corrected projection values being represented by a correction function dependent on the tube voltage applied during the X-ray projection recording, the coefficients of which function are determined from a single calibration scan on an object-like calibration phantom made of water-like material.

Abstract: A nuclear measurement tool for determining properties of a formation penetrated by a borehole fluid. The tool comprising: a nuclear source for irradiating the formation and a a plurality of nuclear sensors each operating with a different depth of investigation into the formation. The tool further comprising processing means for receiving the data from the nuclear sensors and based thereon determining the properties of the formation by taking into account the penetration of the borehole fluid.