Abstract: An optical fiber management system for a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) includes a spool containing a length of optical cable, a motor coupled to the spool, a motor controller, a speed sensor and a feed mechanism. The motor controller can detect the speed of the ROV through water and control the rotational speed of the motor so that the optical cable is removed from the spool at a speed that is equal to or greater than the speed of the ROV. A feed mechanism is used to apply a tension to the optical cable so that it is removed from the spool and emitted from the ROV without becoming tangled.

Abstract: A system for generating electrical energy for a submarine using ocean currents includes a turbine mounted to the exterior hull that is comprised of a rotor, impelled by the ocean current and drives rotation of a generator for generating electrical energy. The submarine is configured with a pair of selectively extendable braking panels on either side of the submarine's hull.

Abstract: An alarm mark structure of a micro-differential pressure gauge includes a transparent casing. The transparent casing has at least one recess thereon. The recess is located corresponding to the range of movement of a pointer or a scale plate. At least one mark member is provided on the transparent casing. The mark member has an engaging portion. The engaging portion is inserted in the recess, such that the mark member is coupled on the transparent casing. The user can place the mark member on the recess corresponding to the numerical value on the scale plate as desired to know whether the pointer is located within a safe area.

Abstract: An approach for the growth of high-quality epitaxial silicon carbide (SiC) films and boules, using the Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) technique is described here. The method comprises modifications in the design of the typical cold-wall CVD reactors, providing a better temperature uniformity in the reactor bulk and a low temperature gradient in the vicinity of the substrate, and an approach to increase the silicon carbide growth rate and to improve the quality of the growing layers, using halogenated carbon-containing precursors (carbon tetrachloride CCl4 or halogenated hydrocarbons, CHCl3, CH2Cl2, CH3Cl, etc.), or introducing other chlorine-containing species in the gas phase in the growth chamber. The etching effect, proper ranges, and high temperature growth are also examined.

Abstract: Highly productive apparatus (1) for vacuum coating roll substrate (3) without touching any elements of the winding system by the substrate front surface and thereby preventing damage of the substrate front side and deposited coating. The apparatus comprises at least one loop winding device (9), which is installed between separate units (7) of the substrate cooling device. The said device comprises an input turning roller (11), central turning roller (12) and output turning roller (13), while each pair of neighboring turning rollers touches the substrate in a single plane. The suggested apparatus provides highly productive deposition of up-to-date high-technology coatings onto comparatively wide polymer films, metal foils and similar substrates. Necessary quality is provided, including for composite coatings. The possibility of processing fairly long roll materials provides uninterrupted operation of the deposition apparatus during long operation cycles, thus ensuring high productivity of the equipment.

Abstract: A gas diffusion layer, a manufacturing apparatus and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The gas diffusion layer having different hydrophilic/hydrophobic structure and channel therein can be manufactured quickly and easily by using a coating mask. The gas diffusion layer is used in various fuel cells to enhance the ability of water management and to solve the problem of flooding at the cathode, the problem of water deficit at the anode, and the problem of gas transfer. The gas diffusion layer includes a gas diffusion medium having a first property and a micro porous layer having a second property. The micro porous layer is formed on one surface of the gas diffusion medium. The micro porous layer has a plurality of channel layers penetrating the gas diffusion medium. One of the first property and the second property is hydrophilic, and the other is hydrophobic.

Abstract: Described are paint rollers formed using nucleated polypropylene and methods of making a paint roller using one or more thermoplastic components comprising nucleated polypropylene. Described are methods of making a paint roller using preformed strips or core material comprising nucleated polypropylene. The nucleated polypropylene adhesive and/or the nucleated polypropylene strips may further comprise between 5% and 66% calcium carbonate by weight. One or various levels of nucleation and/or compounds including calcium carbonate may be used to form portions of one or multiple components that make up the paint roller, including, for example, the thermoplastic strips, adhesives and/or the backing of a composite cover material. The materials can be assembled in a continuous manufacturing process.

Abstract: A lithographic apparatus is disclosed that has a first substrate table arranged to hold a substrate and a second substrate table arranged to hold a substrate, an imprint template holder arranged to hold an imprint template, and an imprintable medium dispenser, wherein the first substrate table is moveable between a first position located at or adjacent to the imprintable medium dispenser, and a second position located at or adjacent to the imprint template holder, and the second substrate table is moveable between the first and second positions, such that the first and second substrate tables swap positions.

Abstract: A lens barrel coating aid apparatus includes a holder, a suction component and a suction source. The holder includes a holding surface, securing portions positioned on the holding surface to fix lens barrels, and a first positioning portion. The first positioning portions are formed on the holding surface, and spaced from the securing portions. The suction component includes a suction surface facing the holding surface and a second positioning portion corresponding to the first positioning portion. Suction holes are defined on the suction surface corresponding to the securing portions. The suction holes are configured to suck plugs to insert into or pull out of the lens barrels. The second positioning portions are formed on the suction surface, and spaced from the suction holes. The suction source is connected with the suction holes, and provides suction force to the suction holes.

Abstract: A pressure relief system and a non-intrusive, low chatter pressure relief valve for use with such as system are disclosed. The pressure relief valve allows excess pressure in a pressurized fluid line to flow through a flow return line to a fluid reservoir when the fluid pressure exceeds the valve's pressure limit setting. The establishment of a uniform channel between the valve stem and the inner surface of a housing in which the valve stem is slidably located, as well as the use of a vent and sight tube to remove air from the top portion of the housing upon a spring being compressed during the opening of the valve, reduces the occurrence of pulsation and vibration when the valve is cycled between its open and closed positions. When the valve is in its closed position, the bottom end of the valve stem is in close proximity to the inner surface of the main fluid passageway in the pressurized fluid line, but does not intrusively interfere with the flow of fluid through the main fluid passageway.

Abstract: A wafer processing device includes a wafer pedestal, a plurality of lift pins retractably installed in the wafer pedestal for supporting a wafer, and a plurality of sensing devices. The sensing devices are correspondingly coupling to the plurality of supporting pins for sensing a weight or a center of gravity of the wafer. Moreover, a coating device is provided.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a wafer-carrier system used in a deposition chamber for carrying wafers. The wafer-carrier system includes a base susceptor and a top susceptor nested inside the base susceptor with its wafer-mounting side facing the base susceptor's wafer-mounting side, thereby forming a substantially enclosed narrow channel. The base susceptor provides an upward support to the top susceptor.

Abstract: A film forming apparatus includes: a chamber for holding a wafer; a susceptor on which the wafer is placed within the chamber; heaters which heat the wafer placed on the susceptor; and a shower plate disposed opposite to the susceptor to inject a film formation processing gas toward the wafer, a main body of the shower plate being made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. With the apparatus, a film is deposited on the surface of the wafer, the film having a low thermal expansion coefficient, measured at the film deposition temperature, lower by at least about 5×10?6/° C. than a thermal expansion coefficient of the main body of the shower plate. The shower plate has an anodized film having a thickness of 10 ?m or thicker formed on the side of the main body facing the susceptor.

Abstract: A vapor deposition apparatus includes a deposition chamber, an umbrella-shaped supporting member, a plurality of coating precursor sources. The umbrella-shaped supporting member is received in the deposition chamber. The supporting member is configured for supporting a number of workpieces. The coating precursor sources oppose the supporting member. Each coating precursor source includes a stationary sleeve and a moveable member moveably received in the stationary sleeve. The moveable member defines a recess for receiving a coating material in a top end of the moveable member opposing the supporting member. The moveable members are moveable relative to the respective stationary sleeve such that a distance between the supporting member and the coating material in each recess can be adjusted.

Abstract: A CVD apparatus is provided, that can remarkably improve the quality and productivity of susceptors without causing increase in production cost or increase in size of the apparatus. A CVD apparatus is provided, for forming a SiC film on a surface of a carbonaceous substrate (5) by introducing a gas into the apparatus while the carbonaceous substrate (5) is being supported by a support member. The support member has a lower portion support member (6) on which the carbonaceous substrate (5) is to be placed, the lower portion support member supporting a lower portion of the carbonaceous substrate (5), and an upper portion support member (13) supporting an upper portion of the carbonaceous substrate (5). The upper portion support member (13) is provided at an outer peripheral edge of the carbonaceous substrate (5). The upper portion support member (13) has a V-shaped groove (13d).

Abstract: An isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising, or consisting of, a polynucleotide sequence encoding an oligopeptide capable of inducing post-mating depression of receptivity to mating in female insects, wherein said oligopeptide is resistant to proteolytic degradation, is provided for expression in sterile transgenic male insects useful in the control of insect populations.

Abstract: A feeding device that is comprised of an outer containment module and inner compression device, so configured that a multiplicity of disposable liners can be nested within the device and then be individually dispensed as required for each new feeding. The disposable liners are held inside the bowl without need for mechanical hinges, moving rims or retaining devices, but rather by a very careful cooperation between the size of the liners and an inwardly extending retaining flange or lip on the top inner edge of the containment module. This unique design allows the user to simply press liners into the device or peel them out, whenever the circumstances require it. The compression device in the bottom of the containment module supports the liners and continuously keeps the supply of disposable liners conveniently staged at the top edge of the module, as well as keeps them from moving during feedings.

Abstract: A pet food bowl having an internal food dish surrounded by a reservoir adapted to hold a liquid therein and an overlying shroud extending over the reservoir and spaced from an outer wall of said reservoir, wherein said the shroud includes a face extending over a reservoir surface and outermost skirt extending around and spaced from an outermost reservoir wall.

Abstract: A pet water feeder comprising a first container having a main body and a threaded neck portion, a base portion defining a reservoir and having an inlet portion and an adaptor. The adaptor comprises a first engaging portion for engaging with the threaded neck portion and a second engagement portion for engaging with the inlet portion. This pet water feeder provides a useful choice to the pet loving public and save the environment because staple water bottles, such as soft drink bottles, mineral water bottles, distilled water bottles, or a juice container, could be used with the adaptor to form a pet water feeder, thereby alleviating the need of custom made water bottles.

Abstract: The outdoor pet waste disposal system comprises a receptacle for collecting the waste and a volume of flushing fluid, a flushing valve member, a one-way valve member to prevent cross contamination, a trap, and a plumbing stub whereby the waste and flushing fluid is flushed in a siphon-type action into a sewer line. The method of disposing of pet waste comprises the steps of providing an outdoor pet waste disposal apparatus comprising a receptacle, an inlet conduit coupled to the receptacle, a one-way valve, a volume of flushing fluid, a flushing valve, an outlet conduit having a hydrostatic seal, said outlet conduit being coupled to the receptacle and a sewer; placing a volume of pet waste into said receptacle; filling the receptacle with flushing fluid; opening the flushing valve to allow the pet waste to exit the receptacle through the outlet conduit into the sewer.

Abstract: An aquarium accessory shaped and dimensioned for sitting upon the upper edge of an aquarium frame to elevate the water level in an aquarium for viewing fish contained within the aquarium outside of the aquarium. The aquarium accessory includes a transparent container shaped and dimensioned to sit upon a support shelf in an inverted configuration for the creation of a mechanism for holding water above a water surface of the aquarium. The support shelf is shaped and dimensioned for mounting along a frame of an aquarium and includes a base member having a central aperture. The support shelf includes arms supporting the base below the waterline of an aquarium. The lower ends of the arms are connected to the base and the upper ends of the arms are secured to a lateral flange member extending therefrom, the lateral flange member includes first and second downwardly extending flange members shaped and dimensioned to wrap about the adjacent walls of an aquarium.

Abstract: The pet house of the invention includes a polygonal main structure defined by at least three upstanding lateral plates, each plate includes at least two engagement slots, wherein adjacent engagement slots of adjoining lateral plates inter-engage to each receive a portion of the adjoining lateral plate so that the adjoining lateral plates are fastened together through their adjacent engagement slots, to thereby form a pet enclosure within the polygonal main structure.

Abstract: A system and method for the conductive cooling and warming of livestock. Heat exchangers are positioned beneath the cushion bedding areas of the animal so as to utilize on-site water, either in a single pass or a re-circulating system. In a single pass system the on-site water supply is diverted to the heat exchangers below the animal cushion bedding before returning to its original use for purposes such as drinking, wash down, or other processes. With the re-circulating system, a separate heat exchanger is located between the on-site water and the re-circulating water to the cushion bedding areas so as to exchange heat transferred from the animal lying on the cushion bedding above the heat exchanger.

Abstract: An animal exercise wheel is illuminated by LEDs connected to a battery via a reed switch. A magnet actuates the reed switch when an animal begins to rotate the wheel. The LEDs flash with the frequency of rotation of the animal wheel or continuously. As long as the wheel rotates, the magnet continues to actuate the reed switch, which resets a counter. When the wheel stops and the reed switch is no longer actuated, the counter counts a predetermined time, and terminates the illumination of the LEDs.

Abstract: The current innovation refers to a pet toy that is generally shaped like a traditional ‘boomerang’, having a main, generally central elbow and two arms, and yet also mimics the shape, texture and appearance of a common ‘stick’ or ‘branch’ found in nature, and may attract a pet and/or pet owner as in the case of a common fetch game or chew toy.

Abstract: A woven chew toy for animals is provided including one or more of edible resins, such as rawhide, meat jerky, starch and combinations thereof in strip form interwoven together to provide a planar article.

Abstract: The present disclosure is for an adjustable leash that can quickly and easily be converted to a restraining harness that helps to inhibit the unwanted movement of the dog or other animal walking on the leash. In some embodiments, the leash is adjustable without the use of any tools and can be adapted to fit quadrupeds of a variety of sizes.

Abstract: Decubitus ulcer prevention garments for a dog are provided that include a fluid-filled bladder. The garments can include an inner layer that contacts and interacts with the body of the dog; an intermediate layer that interfaces with the inner layer and includes the fluid-filled bladder; and an outer layer joined to the inner layer and interfacing with the intermediate layer. The garments have a shape that is adapted to fit over and envelop the pelvic region of the dog such that the garments alleviate or reduce pressure on the soft tissues overlying the boney prominences of the pelvic region of a dog when the dog is lying in a recumbent position on a surface.

Abstract: A monitoring module for connection to a diagnostic device having two or more light emitting sources for indicating operating fault conditions of an apparatus. The monitoring module feeds information signals to a communication link for reception at a remote location. The monitoring module is secured over a series of light emitting diodes of the diagnostic device and reproduces these for local access. The series of LED's indicate fault conditions of the apparatus which in this embodiment is a hot water heater. Accordingly, the operation of the hot water heater at its fault status can be monitored from a remote location and on site.

Abstract: An ammonia burning internal combustion engine in which, in addition to ammonia, a reformed gas reformed at a reformer is fed into a combustion chamber. When a reforming ability of the reformer is less than a predetermined reforming ability, an ammonia ratio is increased to a ratio more than the ammonia ratio after completion of engine warmup set in advance in accordance with an operation state of the engine, and secondary air is fed from a secondary air feeding device into an engine exhaust passage upstream of an exhaust purification catalyst.

Abstract: An ammonia-engine system is capable of supplying an ammonia cracking catalyst with a temperature necessary to promote a reaction even during low load operation in which a temperature of an exhaust gas from an ammonia engine is lower than an operating temperature of the ammonia cracking catalyst. In an ammonia-engine system provided with an ammonia engine (2) using ammonia as fuel and an ammonia cracking device (5) including an ammonia cracking catalyst that cracks ammonia and cracking ammonia to produce hydrogen, an ammonia oxidizing device (4) is provided between the ammonia engine (2) and the ammonia cracking device (5).

Abstract: A camshaft arrangement having two shafts disposed coaxially, one inside the other. A connecting element is inserted into a receptacle in the inner shaft, such that a part of the connecting element protrudes out of the receptacle, and that the protruding part is inserted at least partially in a recess, the recess is designed to be open at least toward an end face of the inner shaft cam, and that the protruding part has at least two opposite side surfaces contacting two corresponding inner surfaces of the recess of each inner shaft cam with a force fit. The further connecting element is designed as a radial pin pressed through a hole in the inner shaft cam element into a receptacle of the inner shaft.

Abstract: A drive train for the sleeve of a sleeve valve engine has a pair of drives imparting compound motion to the sleeve which gives improved port opening and closing. One drive uses a engine driven first gear to give eccentric motion to the sleeve by a cam and follower. The other drive uses an engine driven second gear to give a small simultaneous rotation to the sleeve by an eccentric pin during a split sleeve. One drive allows axial response without preventing rotational response from the other drive. The sleeve path allows tall narrow ports which allow the piston rings to be nearer the piston crown and this reduces emissions.

Abstract: A piston seat method and apparatus for a differential-stroke cycle combustion engine, the combustion engine including one or more two-part pistons, each two-part piston having a first piston part and a second piston part. The apparatus comprising: a piston seat cover operatively associated with the first piston part, the piston seat cover being adapted for abutting engagement with the second piston part; wherein, upon abutting engagement, the seat cover is adapted to move relative to the first piston part, thereby at least partially absorbing impact forces applied between the first piston part and the second piston part.

Abstract: A crank chamber communication structure for a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine having a plurality of partition walls that are formed by a cylinder block and a crankcase, that are formed to support a crankshaft and to define a plurality of crank chambers that correspond to the plurality of cylinders, the structure including: a plurality of respective first communicating holes formed in the plurality of partition walls for communication between respective pairs of adjoining crank chambers separated by an interposed partition wall; and a second communicating hole that is formed at least either of the cylinder block or the crankcase, and that is interposed between a pair of non-adjoining crank chambers between which at least two partition walls among the plurality of partition walls are interposed for direct communication between the pair of non-adjoining crank chambers.

Abstract: An oil pan for an internal combustion engine has a pan body and a partition disposed in the pan body so as to separate an interior of the pan body into two separate oil chambers. The partition is provided with at least two overflow openings. An adjustable closure element is common to the at least two overflow openings for opening or closing the at least two overflow openings.

Abstract: An oil pump module is provided that has an oil pump module housing. The oil pump module is situated in an oil pan of an internal combustion engine below a crankshaft. Moving parts of an oil pump and an angular momentum balance shaft are situated in the oil pump module housing. A rotor of the oil pump is situated on a rotor shaft, which is separate from the angular momentum balance shaft, in the oil pump module housing. The rotor shaft is mechanically connected via a spur gear transmission in the oil pump module housing to the angular momentum balance shaft.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to a locomotive diesel engine and, more particularly, to a heavy particle oil separator splash shield. Specifically, provided is a system and method for reducing exhaust particulate emissions. The present shield minimizes heavy particle oil droplets in close proximity to the oil separator from entering the filter. As a result, the present shield minimizes saturation of the oil separator, thereby increasing the efficiency of the oil separator and reducing environmental pollution.

Abstract: An oil supply system for a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine is disclosed in which the supply of oil to piston cooling jets is controlled by pressure operated valves designed to open at a pre-defined valve opening pressure. The pressure of oil supplied by a pump is controlled to be below this pre-defined valve opening pressure during operation of the engine in which piston cooling is not required, and the pressure of oil is controlled to above the pre-defined valve opening pressure when piston cooling is required. The control of the pump is by an electronic control unit based upon a combination of engine speed and engine load.

Abstract: The elastic fixing for a piston (2) of a variable compression ratio engine (10) includes at least one metal rod (15) kept under tension between the piston (2) and the transmission member (3) and which applies a strong contact pressure between the base of the piston (2) and the top face of the transmission member (3), the piston (2) being tightened according to a previously calculated angle enabling the metal rod (15) consisting of a stud (16) to be subjected to a desired tension force and the tightening prestress to be reached between the piston (2) and the transmission member (3), and indexed in rotation relative to the transmission member (3), by an additional tightening which does not significantly increase the tightening pre-stress, the stud (16) continuing to elongate with the same tension force by plastic deformation.

Abstract: A full close position limiting member is adapted to be engaged with a valve gear when a valve is driven in a valve closing direction and reaches a full close position of the valve. An intermediate position limiting member is adapted to be engaged with a return spring when the valve is placed on a side of a predetermined intermediate position where a full close position of the valve is located. The intermediate position limiting member receives an intermediate reaction force from the return spring through engagement with the return spring, and the full close position limiting member receives a full close side engaging force from the valve gear. The full close side engaging force and the intermediate reaction force are generally directed in a predetermined direction.

Abstract: A combustion mode transition control for controlling a transition between a homogeneous-charge compression-ignition (HCCI) combustion mode and a spark-ignition (SI) combustion mode includes slowly transitioning intake and exhaust camshafts from initial phase settings corresponding to one of the HCCI and SI combustion modes to target phase settings corresponding to the other of the HCCI and SI combustion modes. An ignition spark timing and an injected fuel mass are coordinated with the transitioning of the intake and exhaust camshaft phase settings to substantially maintain engine load continuity during the transitioning of the intake and exhaust camshaft phase settings.

Abstract: A direct-injection internal combustion engine includes an intake camshaft with a low-lift intake cam and a high-lift intake cam, a variable lift control for selectively operating an intake valve in one of a low-lift intake valve profile with the low-lift intake cam and a high-lift intake valve profile with the high-lift intake cam, a variable cam phase control operative on the intake camshaft for simultaneously controlling the phase of the low-lift intake cam and the high-lift intake cam, an ignition spark control, a fuel injection control, an exhaust gas recirculation control, and an intake throttle control.

Abstract: A fuel delivery pipe made of resin, comprises: a pipe body internally formed with a fuel passage; an inlet pipe for introducing fuel into the pipe body; a plurality of injector attaching parts for distributing the fuel introduced into the pipe body to a plurality of injectors through the fuel passage; and communication passages for communicating the fuel passage with the injector attaching parts, wherein the pipe body includes an absorbing part formed in a flat planar shape extending in a longitudinal direction of the pipe body, and the communication passages are placed so that respective centers are offset to the absorbing part side than a center of the pipe body.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has at least one combustion chamber which may be closed by an intake valve, at least one air intake port which leads to the intake valve, and a fuel injection device which in association with the at least one combustion chamber has a first injector and a second injector for the metered injection of fuel into at least one intake port. To achieve significantly improved mixture preparation and combustion of the fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber, the two injectors are configured such that the first injector injects a widely divergent spray cone having a large cone angle, and the second injector injects an only slightly divergent spray cone having a much smaller cone angle.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement controls at least one injection valve, in particular a solenoid injection valve, for an internal combustion engine. The circuit includes a supply potential connection, a reference potential connection; one or more solenoids; a controllable voltage boosting circuit for generating from the first voltage a second voltage that is higher than the first voltage. The voltage boosting circuit is connected at a first input to the supply potential connection and at a first output to the solenoids by means of a respective first controllable semiconductor switching element. A control circuit is connected at least to a respective first semiconductor switching element and the voltage boosting circuit. The control circuit applies the first or the second voltage to the first coil connection of exactly one solenoid depending on an actuation state of one of the injection valves.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for improving vehicle performance by application of pneumatic boost to vehicle engines, including diesel engines having at least one turbocharger supplying air to the engine, in a manner which increases engine torque output while minimizing the potential for exceed various operating limits to the maximum practicable extent. The vehicle's pneumatic booster system controller implements strategies for shaping the rate of the air injection during a boost event, tailoring the air injection to obtain maximum engine torque output while respecting the operating limits, by controlling the timing, duration, quantity and/or injection pattern during a boost event to achieve a refined distribution of compressed air injection over the course of the boost event to provide desired engine torque output and fuel efficiency while minimizing the potential for exceeding a wide variety of operation limits, regulatory, engineering and passenger comfort limits.

Abstract: A control apparatus applied to an internal combustion engine including a turbocharger in which a movable vane mechanism capable of varying throttled quantity of a passage of intake air discharged from a compressor wheel by varying a position of vanes is disposed to a compressor, a low-pressure EGR passage to connect an exhaust passage and a section of the intake passage at the upstream side from the compressor, and a low-pressure EGR valve to open and close the EGR passage, wherein it is determined whether or not the vanes are locked and the low-pressure EGR valve is controlled toward an opened side so as to increase exhaust gas quantity to be recirculated to the intake passage via the low-pressure EGR passage while switching an operating state of the internal combustion engine to an emergency operating state in which output power of the internal combustion engine is restricted when the vanes are determined as being locked.

Abstract: A cooling structure for cooling a liquid-cooled internal combustion engine is provided where the engine includes an EGR passage interposed between an exhaust manifold structure and an inlet manifold structure of the engine. The cooling structure includes a first cooling system and a second cooling system. The first cooling system includes at least one radiator and a liquid coolant circulatable through the radiator and the internal combustion engine for cooling the internal combustion engine. A flywheel housing for the internal combustion engine is provided with at least a portion of the second cooling system.

Abstract: A system for processing PCV gases is disclosed. In one example, the system includes an oil passage solely linking an oil separator to an engine crankcase. The system can provide an oil column that provides for continuous oil return from the oil separator to the engine crankcase even during conditions of higher levels of engine vacuum.