Abstract: The system converts an analog input signal into a digital output signal while avoiding interference, such as clipping. The system derives two signal components having differing signal magnitude levels from the analog input signal. The signal components are subjected to independent analog to digital conversion, such as through low resolution analog to digital converters. The system determines weighting factors for the two signal components based on at least one property of at least one of the signal components, such as the level of at least one of the signal components. The signal components are weighted. The weighted signal components are merged.

Abstract: A discrete time delta-sigma modulator circuit, which may be used to implement an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) provides improved anti-aliasing performance when lower quantization rates are selected, by maintaining the clocking rate of a first stage in the delta-sigma modulator loop filter at a rate higher than would ordinarily be selected for a lower quantization rate. To accomplish the anti-aliasing improvement, the ratio between the quantization rate and the clocking rate of the first integrator is reduced at the lower quantization rate, resulting in a first true alias image at a multiple of the quantization rate, permitting anti-aliasing filters to more effectively attenuate the alias image, and attenuating the images spaced at the quantization rate via the averaging operation of the first integrator.

Abstract: In a particular embodiment, a circuit device is disclosed that includes a data generator adapted to output a random pulse sequence having a particular spectral shape. The data generator includes a feedback loop with a transfer function, the output of which may be altered by limiter circuitry to increase stability of the data generator. The circuit device may further include, for example, a pulse edge control circuit to selectively apply a carrier suppression operation to at least one pulse-width modulated (PWM) signal in response to the random pulse sequence to produce at least one modulated PWM output signal. In such an example, the spectral energy associated with a PWM carrier of the modulated PWM output signal at a carrier frequency and associated harmonics is changed such that the modulated PWM output signal has a spectral shape defined by the particular spectral shape.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention includes an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) system. The system includes an ADC configured to generate digital samples that are digital versions of at least one analog signal at a sampling frequency and a memory configured to store data corresponding to an average value of the digital samples in at least one register. The system further includes a processor configured to access the data corresponding to the average value for processing at an access frequency that is less than the sampling frequency.

Abstract: A comparison circuit includes: an input circuit includes a first transistor for receiving a first signal, and a second transistor for receiving a second signal; a first current route of which the electric current is controlled by the first transistor; a second current route of which the electric current is controlled by the second transistor; a latch for amplifying potential difference between the first current route and the second current route; a comparative operation control circuit including a first switch for executing or blocking supply voltage to the drain of the first transistor, a second switch for executing or blocking supply voltage to the drain of the second transistor, and a third switch for executing supply voltage to the first current route and the second current route; a comparative operation setting circuit for controlling supply or blocking of supply of the first switch, the second switch, and the third switch.

Abstract: Provided is an interpolating A/D converter including a reference voltage generation circuit, an analog signal input circuit, a preamplifier group including a plurality of preamplifiers, and an interpolation circuit including a plurality of resistors. Reference voltages from the reference voltage generation circuit and an analog signal from the analog signal input circuit are input to the preamplifier group. The interpolation circuit outputs an interpolation signal by interpolating output signals of the preamplifier group. The preamplifiers amplify a differential voltage when a differential voltage between the analog signal and the reference voltages is smaller than a specified value, and the current flow of which is stopped when it is larger than the specified value. The plurality of resistors are connected in series between the adjacent amplifiers.

Abstract: A differential chopper comparator compares an input signal voltage and a first voltage, and includes a first capacitor, a second capacitor, and a differential amplification unit including a differential amplification circuit. Either the input signal voltage or the first voltage is applied to one end of the first capacitor via a first switch unit. A fixed voltage is applied to one end of the second capacitor via a second switch unit. Either a non-inverting input terminal or an inverting input terminal of the differential amplification circuit is connected to the other end of the first capacitor, and the other terminal is connected to the other end of the second capacitor. An impedance of the first switch unit side viewed from one end of the first capacitor and an impedance of the second switch unit side viewed from one end of the second capacitor are substantially same.

Abstract: In an A/D converter, isolation switches are used between the capacitors and the conversion switches. The conversion switches are those switches used to selectively couple the plates of the binary weighted capacitors to either Vref or 0 volts during the A/D conversion process. During sampling of the input voltage signal, the isolation switches are opened to isolate the conversion switches from the wide range of possible input voltages at the bottom plates of the capacitors. Therefore, the voltage across the conversion switches is substantially limited to Vref. Hence, the conversion switches can be very fast low voltage switches. After sampling of the input voltage, when the sampled input voltage is locked in, the conversion switches operate normally to selectively connect the capacitor plates to either Vref or 0 volts for successively approximating the input voltage, whereby a digital code representing the sampled input voltage is generated.

Abstract: The claimed invention relates to an interactive television system including a controller for converting the hand motion of the user into acceleration data of three axes by a single 3-axis accelerometer 113 and an interactive system for mapping the output of the acceleration data with the pre-defined data in a motion database thereof so that the user can remotely control the TV centric devices with a reduced set of instructions. The claimed invention also relates to a method of using a controller incorporated with a single 3-axis accelerometer to control an interactive system for TV centric devices.

Abstract: A system and technique to derive a position of a non-ADSB equipped aircraft using ADS-B information provided from an ADSB equipped aircraft and bi-static radar processing techniques.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a system and method for the identification of a target object in PCL radar applications. The disclosed embodiments describe the systems and methods used in the identification of a target object from the collection of data representing specific target object features, such as velocity, altitude, fuselage length, wing length, or wing sweepback angle, and the comparison of selected target object features with a database of known aircraft features. The present invention also provides for the calculation of feature dimensions, such as the fuselage length, wing length, or wing sweepback angle from measurements associated with a peak signal lobe as a function of a bistatic aspect angle.

Abstract: A method and a system for sensing a boosting target missile, estimate position and velocity and boost acceleration parameters of the target missile, and control an interceptor missile to the target missile. A boost-phase missile target state estimator estimates at least acceleration, velocity, and position using an acceleration template for the target vehicle. The nominal template is incorporated into an extended Kalman filter which corrects the nominal template acceleration with the filter states to predict future thrust acceleration, velocity and position. The correction can compensate for motor burn variations and missile energy management (lofted/depressed trajectory).

Abstract: A ghost target candidate judging device judges that one target of two targets is a candidate for a ghost target where the distances of the two targets from a subject vehicle are equal to each other and where the difference between receiving levels of the two targets is not less than a predetermined value. A running-abreast target judging device judges that one target is the target running abreast of the other target based on changes in an angle difference and in a left-right positional difference between the two targets in accordance with the change in the distances of the two targets from the subject vehicle. The ghost target judging device judges, as the ghost target, a target obtained by removing the running-abreast target data from the candidates for the ghost target. The running-abreast target is prevented from being erroneously recognized as the ghost target while judging which target is the ghost target.

Abstract: Described is a radar-based method for measuring a level of material in a container. Microwaves are emitted to a surface of the material by a radar level gauge, echo waves reflected from the surface are received and the received echo waves are converted into an echo function which is stored and evaluated to establish a useful echo and to determine a position of the echo. The echo function is generated and stored with a first higher resolution for a selected first portion of the entire level measurement range of the radar level gauge. Further, the echo function is generated and stored with a second lower resolution or no echo function is generated and stored for the remaining second portion of the entire level measurement range.

Abstract: A method for determining beamforming weights used onboard a satellite and ground-based beamforming weights used in a ground-based station as part of a satellite communication system. This beamforming method is a two-stage beamforming process that requires a reduced downlink bandwidth between the satellite and the ground-based station yet achieves optimal signal-to-noise ratio for bandwidth allocated for the downlink. values for the fixed onboard beamforming weights are computed to yield a maximum, max A ? ( min U ? S N ? ? W = W ? ) , where the maximum is computed over all possible fixed weights A represented by an L×M matrix, the minimum is computed over all possible positions of remote communication devices U, and the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) is computed for the optimal set of ground-based beamforming weights W={hacek over (W)}.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for determining position of a receiver. The positioning system comprises a transmitter network including transmitters that broadcast positioning signals. The positioning system comprises a remote receiver that acquires and tracks the positioning signals and/or satellite signals. The satellite signals are signals of a satellite-based positioning system. A first mode of the remote receiver uses terminal-based positioning in which the remote receiver computes a position using the positioning signals and/or the satellite signals. The positioning system comprises a server coupled to the remote receiver. A second operating mode of the remote receiver comprises network-based positioning in which the server computes a position of the remote receiver from the positioning signals and/or satellite signals, where the remote receiver receives and transfers to the server the positioning signals and/or satellite signals.

Abstract: A heading determination system comprises an inertial measurement unit (IMU) coupled with at least two GNSS receivers, each receiver paired with and receiving signals from a corresponding GNSS antenna, wherein the GNSS antennas are separated by an ultra-short baseline. The heading determination system receives signals broadcast by a plurality of GNSS satellites and calculates the phase difference in the signal seen among the separate GNSS antennas. Using this phase difference information, derived from comparing the signals received from a plurality of GNSS satellites, along with attitude data generated by the IMU, the heading determination system calculates a highly-accurate heading solution. A method is provided for determining a heading of a system including an IMU coupled with at least two GNSS receivers, with each receiver being paired with and receiving signals from a corresponding GNSS antenna and the antennas being separated by an ultra-short baseline.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are present for determining position of a rover from observations of GNSS signals. Observations of GNSS signals are obtained at a rover location, and observations of the GNSS signals are obtained at a plurality of reference stations, each reference station defining a respective baseline between the rover location and a reference station location. For each reference station, a respective differentially-corrected rover position is determined, wherein at least one of the differentially-corrected rover positions is based on one of (i) a multiple-frequency ionosphere-free observable combination, (ii) a multiple-frequency code-phase observable combination, and (iii) a single-frequency carrier-phase and code-plus-carrier-phase combination. A weighted combination of the differentially-corrected rover positions is prepared.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and system for globally referenced positioning in a shielded environment includes integrating and correlating information from a UWB receiver, a GPS receiver, and a bent-path GPS receiver adapted to extract a GPS radio frequency wave from a heterodyned GPS signal. The method, apparatus, and system is resistant to interference and can be used in a shielded environment such as indoors or behind a line-of-sight barrier.

Abstract: The subject matter disclosed herein relates to receiving one or more SPS signals at two or more physically separated antennae. In an aspect, signals from the physically separated antennae may be downconverted into complex digital signals that may undergo further processing to improve one or more performance metrics related to position estimation operations, for example.

Abstract: A method for measuring the time of arrival of radio signals within a network comprises receiving the received signals including at least a first pseudorandom code and a second pseudorandom code from at least one other node; identifying a frequency difference between the node and the other node using a phase difference between each of a maximum value of a cross-correlation provided by the first pseudorandom code and the second pseudorandom code; applying the frequency difference to the reception of the received signal; and calculating the time of arrival of the received signal comprising a time, measured with a local clock, when the cross-correlation has achieved the maximum value.

Abstract: A signal wave arrival angle measuring device includes: an observation data vector generation section generating an observation data vector necessary for an angle measurement of a signal wave from an electrical signal having been converted at a sensor group converting the signal wave of an observation target to the electrical signal; an ESPRIT angle measurement processing section calculating an arrival angle of the signal wave from the generated observation data vector; an arriving signal wave estimation section estimating information other than the arrival angle of the arriving signal wave from an angle measurement processing process data of the ESPRIT angle measurement processing at the ESPRIT angle measurement processing section; and a reliability determination section determining whether or not an angle measurement result of the calculated arrival angle is correct based on an estimation result of the arriving signal wave estimation section, and excluding an erroneous angle measurement result.

Abstract: This disclosure describes a system and method for using a satellite positioning system to filter WLAN access points in a hybrid positioning system. In some embodiments, the method can include detecting WLAN APs in range of the WLAN and satellite enabled device, obtaining satellite measurements from at least two satellites to provide a plurality of possible satellite locations of the device, and providing a weight for each AP based on the distance from the WLAN APs to the possible satellite locations of the device.

Abstract: A microstrip patch antenna comprises a patch antenna element comprising a first conductive layer; dual probe feeds separate from each other and spaced from and field coupled to the patch antenna element for transmitting or receiving RF signals, each of the dual probe feeds having a conductor segment and a deltoid shaped conductive strip orthogonal to the conductor segment; the deltoid shaped conductive strips being coplanar; and a first dielectric material layer separating the first conductive layer and the coplanar deltoid shaped conductive strips.

Abstract: A multi-band antenna includes a grounding element, a first antenna connected to the grounding element, a second antenna connected to the grounding element and a coupling radiating arm extending from the grounding element. The grounding element extends along a lengthwise direction and includes first and second lengthwise sides. The first antenna includes a first connecting element extending from the grounding element and a first radiating element electrically connected to the first connecting element. The second antenna includes a second connecting element extending from the grounding element and a second radiating element electrically connected to the second connecting element. The first radiating element includes a first radiating portion extending from the first connecting element in both a longitudinal direction and a transverse direction and a second radiating portion substantially being leptosomatic.

Abstract: A monopole antenna includes a base board with a first side and a second side, a radiating element, a grounding element and a feeding line. The radiating element and the grounding element are located on the first side of the base board. The grounding element is two times longer than the radiating element. The feeding line includes an inner conductor connected to the radiating element and an outer conductor connected to the grounding element.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus is disclosed that includes an antenna element having an inverted teardrop shape and configured to be fed with electrical power from an external power source; a ground element coupled to the antenna element; and a holding member configured to hold at least the top portion of the antenna element or a surface of a conical portion of the antenna element against the ground element.

Abstract: An electronic assembly and electronic device used for radio frequency communications are presented. The electronic device has a housing and an antenna feed point at least partially enclosed in the housing. There is at least one circuit board enclosed in the housing. An antenna counterpoise is coupled to the feed point. The counterpoise is enclosed in the housing and the counterpoise includes a foldable metallic patch that is folded around the circuit board such that the circuit board is sandwiched between opposite facing portions of the foldable metallic patch.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a housing that has a rectangular plate section and a sidewall section provided with a control opening for slide control member provision, and an antenna housing groove extending in a longitudinal direction of the sidewall section; a protrusion that is provided upright at a point adjacent to one end of the antenna housing groove; a plate piece-like antenna unit that has a length to be completely housed in the antenna housing groove and including a radio communication antenna; a cable that is connected to the one end of the antenna unit and wound about the insertion hole, and that extends from the insertion hole further inward of the housing away from the antenna unit; and a cable guide member that holds the portion of the cable wound about the insertion hole between itself and the antenna unit.

Abstract: A marine multiband antenna array includes a nearly virtual bow tie UHF antenna and a connected VHF/FM antenna that together function as an AM antenna. A diplexer separates the AM/FM radio signals from the UHF/VHF television signals.

Abstract: A center high mount stop lamp (CHMSL) assembly for a vehicle includes an integrated radio frequency (RF) antenna. The CHMSL assembly has an outer lens element, a lamp assembly configured to emit light through the outer lens element, and a housing for the outer lens element and the lamp assembly. The housing is adapted for attachment to an upper rear portion of the vehicle, and the housing has an interior region defined therein. The CHMSL assembly also has an RF antenna element located within the interior region. The RF antenna element is configured and positioned such that it does not obstruct a light path from the lamp assembly to the outer lens element.

Abstract: There is provided a less fragile feeding apparatus for an antenna that can be fitted to clothing. The feeding apparatus uses a coaxial cable for feeding. A center conductor of the coaxial cable is connected to a first radiating element in terms of alternating current at least through capacitive coupling, and an outer conductor of the coaxial cable is connected to a second radiating element in terms of alternating current at least through capacitive coupling.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus is disclosed that includes a feeding portion; a looped antenna element connected to the feeding portion; and a resistor inserted into the looped antenna element.

Abstract: An antenna generating an electromagnetic field for an electromagnetic transponder and a terminal provided with such an antenna. The antenna comprises a first inductive element designed to be connected to two terminals employing an energizing voltage, and a parallel resonant circuit coupled with the first inductive element.

Abstract: A composite dipole array assembly can have a composite dipole array defined by a plurality of antenna elements and a plurality of non-linear element electrically interconnecting pair of the antenna elements. A reflector can be configured to reflect electromagnetic energy toward the antenna elements. A lens can be configured to focus electromagnetic energy upon the antenna elements. In this manner, the efficiency of the composite dipole array is enhanced.

Abstract: An antenna control system in which various antenna elements in a vertical row are coupled by fixed transmission lines to a central feeding point for a common signal. Adjustment of the phase of the common signal is achieved by means of a linearly movable slide having dielectric body portions influencing the signal velocity along said fixed transmission lines. Further, an electrical motor is used for linearly displacing said movable slide with said dielectric body portions.

Abstract: The invention describes a broadband multi-dipole antenna that has low input reflection coefficient, low cross polarization, rotationally symmetric beam and constant beam width and phase center location over several octaves bandwidth. The dipoles are fed from one or a few feed points, and they may with advantage have log-periodic dimensions. The antenna is more compact, has lighter weight and is cheaper to manufacture than other solutions. It is very well suited for feeding single, dual or multi-reflector antennas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compact wideband antenna of the dipole type comprising a first 1 and a second 2 conductive arm supplied differentially, one of the arms called first arm 1 forming at least one cover for an electronic card. Said type of antenna is connected to a portable electronic appliance such as a PC or similar device.

Abstract: A broadband antenna element configuration having a radiation pattern useful in an antenna array containing a plurality of driven radiating elements that are spatially arranged is disclosed. The antenna element is coplanarly disposed on a suitable planar substrate of dielectric material. The antenna element utilizes a pair of balanced dipole arm elements symmetrically disposed about the centerline of a balanced feed network. Balanced feed network elements are disposed in a broadside symmetrical configuration on first plane and second plane on each side of the aforementioned dielectric. Disposed proximate to each dipole arm element are partially overlapping, parallel planar, frequency bandwidth expanding microstrip lines. The combination of dipole arms and parasitically coupled microstrip lines provides a broad bandwidth radiating element suitable for use in antenna arrays.

Abstract: There is disclosed an electromagnetic transmission line arrangement with a phase shifter, comprising at least one conductive branch line (51a,51b) extending from a junction point (51c) to an associated output port, for the propagation of electromagnetic signals in a frequency band along said branch line. The phase shifter includes at least one dielectric body (52,53,54) which is mounted so as to be movable sideways in a transverse direction into a delaying position at least partly covering said branch line (51a,51b). The longitudinal distribution of its dielectric material (?) is adapted to cause, when being moved transversally into said delay position, a controlled phase shift but also to secure, by way of said selected longitudinal distribution of its dielectric material in conjunction with said at least one branch line, an input impedance matching of said transmission line arrangement. The transmission line arrangement can be used in the feeding network to a microwave antenna.

Abstract: A coupling device is formed by a continuous conductive path having a central section and two extremity sections, the central section forming at least a small spiral for inductive coupling with the transponder device, the extremities sections forming each one large spiral for inductive coupling with the reader device, wherein the small spiral shows a larger pitch than the ones of the large spirals, and wherein the two extremities of the continuous path are loose such that the coupling device forms an open circuit. The pitches of the large spirals are chosen such as that the interturn stray capacitances is important and that the large spirals have mainly a capacitive behavior. And the pitch of the small spiral is chosen such as that the interturn stray capacitances are negligible, and that the small spiral has mainly an inductive behavior.

Abstract: Radomes include an outer wall having a first average thickness and an inner wall having a second average thickness that is different from the first average thickness. At least a major portion of the inner wall is separated from at least a major portion of the outer wall by a space therebetween. The outer wall may comprise a layer of ceramic matrix composite (CMC) material. Aircraft and spacecraft include such radomes. Methods of forming radomes include forming an outer wall having a first average thickness, forming an inner wall having a different second average thickness, and coupling together the inner wall and the outer wall in such a manner as to provide a space between at least a major portion of the outer wall and at least a major portion of the inner wall.

Abstract: The mast (11) of an antenna is pivotally carried by a post (12) by a hinge assembly (13). A pedestal (33) is carried by the post (12) and is adapted to carry a winch (40) having a line (46) with a hook (47) at the end thereof. A hook mount (50) is carried by the mast (11) and is adapted to receive the hook (47) of the winch (40). A locking bracket (56) is carried by the mast (11) and is connected to the pedestal (33) when the mast (11) is positioned adjacent to the post (12). An insulator bar (29) is positioned between the mast (11) and the hinge assembly (13) and the locking bracket (56).

Abstract: A multi-input and multi-output antenna system is disclosed. The antenna system includes a predetermined quantity of dual-feed and dual-band antennas that are arranged into a polygon on a plane. The dual-feed and dual-band antenna includes a substrate, a grounding unit disposed on the substrate and having two opposite sides, a first radiating unit disposed on the substrate near one side of the grounding unit, and a second radiating unit disposed on the substrate near the other side. The second radiating unit has a shorting element that is electrically connected to the grounding unit. The polygon is bounded by lengthwise projection lines of the dual-feed and dual-band antennas.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus includes: a first molded body; a second molded body which composes a housing with the first molded body; a first conductive pattern provided on an outer surface of the first molded body; a second conductive pattern provided in the housing; and a first conductive pin. The first conductive pin passes through the first molded body and connects the first conductive pattern and the second conductive pattern.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for a negative index metamaterial lens. The method is used for creating a negative index metamaterial lens for use with a phased array antenna. A design is created for the negative index materials lens that is capable of bending a beam generated by the phased array antenna to around 90 degrees from a vertical orientation to form an initial design. The initial design is modified to include discrete components to form a discrete design. Materials are selected for the discrete components. Negative index metamaterial unit cells are designed for the discrete components to form designed negative index metamaterial unit cells. The designed negative index metamaterial unit cells are fabricated to form fabricated designed negative index metamaterial unit cells. The negative index metamaterial lens is formed from the designed negative index metamaterial unit cells.

Abstract: A display method of a plasma display device and plasma display device are provided. The display method includes nonlinearly converting first image data corresponding to an input image signal to second image data having a gradation value smaller than a gradation value of first image data and expressing the second image data by a real part and an error part. The display method includes error diffusing of, when the error part of the second image data is not zero, spatially or temporally diffusing the error part. The display method includes subfield pattern converting of selecting a lighting pattern of the subfields based on the error-diffused second image data.

Abstract: Each pixel of an active matrix electroluminescent display device has a first amorphous silicon drive transistor for intermittently driving a current through the display element and a second amorphous silicon drive transistor for intermittently driving a current through the display element. The aging effect of amorphous silicon TFTs can be reduced by sharing the driving of the display element between two drive transistors. Providing a duty cycle reduces the on-time for each drive transistor, but also provides a period during which there can be some recovery of the TFT characteristics.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an organic electroluminescent display device for preventing a voltage drop and a short between power supply elements by simultaneously forming a reflective film and a power supply element using a low resistance metal. The invention provides an organic electroluminescent display device comprising gate lines, data lines and a power supply element formed on an insulating substrate, a pixel region limited by the gate lines, the data lines and the power supply element, and pixels arranged on the pixel region and comprising of a reflective film and a pixel electrode, wherein the reflective film is formed on the same layer as the power supply element.

Abstract: Pixel interleaving configurations for use in high definition electronic sign displays where each and every scan line includes full red, green, and blue color representation to provide for high resolution electronic video sign displays.