Abstract: Improved agriculturally useful products are provided, including solid materials such as nitrogenous fertilizers (e.g., urea), together with a polycarboxylated polymer selected from the group consisting of a salts of copolymers containing individual quantities of maleic and itaconic moieties. The polymer composition also includes from about 10-60% by weight of an organic drying agent such as a lower alcohol which enhances the quick drying properties thereof. The compositions may also include an amount of boron, and bimodal vinylic polymer made up of quantities of high and low molecular weight (MW) vinylic polymers such as PVA.

Abstract: Improved agriculturally useful products are provided, including solid materials such as nitrogenous fertilizers (e.g., urea), together with a polycarboxylated polymer selected from the group consisting of a salts of copolymers containing individual quantities of maleic and itaconic moieties. The polymer composition also includes from about 10-60% by weight of an organic drying agent such as a lower alcohol which enhances the quick drying properties thereof. The compositions may also include an amount of boron, and bimodal vinylic polymer made up of quantities of high and low molecular weight (MW) vinylic polymers such as PVA.

Abstract: An induction heater is used to heat composite reinforced pipe (CRP) prior to a bending operation. By heating the composite reinforcement to approximately 90° F.-110° F., the incidence of circumferential stress cracks in the resin is significantly reduced. Resin cracking is also reduced by incorporating longitudinal fibers in the composite reinforcement during manufacture of CRP.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a shaped part from an aluminum sheet comprising an aluminum alloy, in particular an aluminum alloy of the 5000 series, wherein at least one aluminum sheet is introduced in a forming tool and cold-formed by the same, and in a further step, or in further steps, the cold-formed aluminum sheet is heated at least once at least in some regions and at least once further formed. In order to create advantageous conditions for the method, it is proposed for the heated aluminum sheet to be subjected to the further forming step even before a temperature has been reached which the aluminum sheet has during the cold forming thereof.

Abstract: A method for stretch-flow forming, in which a tubular workpiece is arranged around a spinning mandrel, set into rotation and formed by advancing at least one forming roller. A wall thickness of the tubular workpiece is reduced and the tubular workpiece is lengthened, as spinning mandrel use is made of a universal spinning mandrel with different external diameters in the axial direction for producing cylindrical and/or conical and/or cambered hollow parts of different design. during forming the forming roller and the spinning mandrel are moved relatively in the axial direction with respect to the workpiece, and, for the purpose of designing varying diameters and/or wall thicknesses of the workpiece, the forming roller is moved relatively in the axial direction with respect to the spinning mandrel.

Abstract: A fully hydraulic edging system suitable for use in wide plate mills is disclosed. The need for electro-mechanical screws to effect large movements of the side rollers is avoided by employing a pull-back hydraulic cylinder for this purpose. The main hydraulic cylinders are switched to a non-operational mode during large movements thus avoiding the need for large volumes of hydraulic fluid to be transferred under high pressure.

Abstract: A method for fabricating wings of bicycle pedals includes, first, stamping a plate to form a preformed body which includes an opening and a body with a preset working surface. The working surface has a preset force receiving zone. The body has a first expanded portion and a second expanded portion and two arched portions bridging two sides of the first and second expanded portions; then applying a punching force to the force receiving zone to bend the first expanded portion, second expanded portion and arched portions to become a product; finally performing a bending process and a hole forming process on the product to obtain the wings.

Abstract: A zoning closed-die extruding device comprises a closed female die and a male die. which is disposed in a longitudinal direction and configured to be mated with a closed cavity of the closed female die to extrude a blank. The male die comprises an extruding shaft portion and a stamp-extruding head portion, which is connected with the extruding shaft portion and disposed below the extruding shaft portion. A cross-sectional area of the stamp-extruding head portion perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the closed female die is smaller than that of the extruding shaft portion perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the closed female die. The male die is configured to rotate about the longitudinal axis of the closed female die so that the blank is sequentially and zonally deformed by the stamp-extruding head portion inside the closed cavity of the closed female die.

Abstract: A device is provided for collection of gases in molten metals, the device having an immersion end with a gas collection body, a gas supply line opening at the immersion end, and a gas discharge line for gases penetrating the gas collection body. The gas collection body is impermeable to molten metal and has an end face arranged on the immersion end and side walls of the collection body. At least a portion of the gas collection body has a gas impermeable layer arranged on a surface of the side walls of the gas collection body. A measurement method is also provided using the device.

Abstract: Provided is a system for determining a number of particles, which has a simplified and compact structure as well as a reduced cost.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a substrate with a fluid-handling assembly coupled to the substrate, the fluid-handling assembly including a plurality of fluid-handling components removably coupled to the substrate and removably coupled to each other. The plurality of fluid handling components includes a gas chromatograph having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, and a detector array having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, wherein the fluid inlet of the detector array is fluidly coupled to the fluid outlet of the gas chromatograph. A control circuit is communicatively coupled to at least one of the plurality of fluid-handling components, and a readout circuit communicatively coupled to the detector array and to the control circuit. Other embodiments are disclosed and claimed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sensor having a filter arrangement, downstream of which there is arranged a detector arrangement, and an evaluating device which is connected to the detector arrangement, the filter arrangement has at least a first filter, the suspect filter, which is configured as a band pass filter allowing the passage of a first predetermined band, the suspect band, at least one second filter, the reference filter(s), which is configured as a band pass filter allowing the passage of a second predetermined band(s), the reference band(s), and where the detector arrangement has at least one detector associated with at least one of the filters. The band passes reference filters are distributed above and below the band pass of the suspect filter. The sensor with advantage could be utilized within the IR band, and could advantageously be used to detect CO2.

Abstract: A hydrogen sensor includes a housing, which is closed off by a membrane that is made of palladium and selectively only pervious to hydrogen. The housing is evacuated and contains a Pirani pressure sensor. The membrane and the Pirani pressure sensor are each attached to a carrier. Both carriers are joined directly next to one another or kept at a distance by a connection piece. The hydrogen sensor has a high sensitivity and a low response time due to the relatively large membrane surface and the low housing volume. It can be produced in a small size and integrated in the handle of a sniffer-type leak indicator.

Abstract: A field effect gas sensor (1) for detection of at least one non-hydrogen containing substance in a gas comprising hydrogen or hydrogen-containing substances. The field effect gas sensor comprises a semiconductor layer (2,3) having a surface, at least one ohmic contact (8) contacting the semiconductor (3), a first electron insulating layer (7) covering at least a part of the surface of the semiconductor layer, a second insulating layer (11) comprising a material substantially chemically inert to hydrogen or hydrogen-containing substances, the second insulating layer contacting at least one of the first electron insulating layer (7) and the semiconductor layer (3), at least one electrical contact (12) contacting the second insulating material (11) and comprising a conducting, semi-conducting and/or ion conducting layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a station for measuring gaseous pollution in a transport enclosure of semiconductor substrates comprising a gas analysis device for determining the concentration of the gas to be analysed, said analysis device including: a diluting unit (3) configured to dilute a flow of gas to be analysed (Q) according to a dilution coefficient (D), and an analysis unit (5) communicating with the diluting unit (3) via a sampling pipe (7) in order to sample a flow of diluted gas (Qa) by pumping, and comprising at least one processing means for: analysing the sampled flow of diluted gas (Qa), and determining the concentration (C) of the gas flow to be analysed (Q) according to said analysed flow of diluted gas (Qa) and the dilution coefficient (D). The invention further relates to an associated gas analysis method.

Abstract: A system and method for detecting leakage of a refrigerant and chemicals in an air conditioning and heating system. In some cases, a refrigerant may be inadvertently heated via a heating unit to produces dangerous chemicals. A detector can be installed near an air ventilator and can be utilized for detecting the leakage of refrigerant and chemicals that are dispersed in air by a ventilating system.

Abstract: A carbon deposit simulation bench for evaluating effects of an engine system liquid on an engine surface that experiences an engine pressure and an engine temperature includes a test chamber having a high surface area test specimen positioned therein. The carbon deposit simulation bench also includes an air supply system including an air supply conduit fluidly connecting an air supply source with the test chamber, and a liquid circulation loop configured to circulate the engine system liquid through the test chamber. A temperature control subsystem simulates the engine temperature within the test chamber, and a pressure control subsystem simulates the engine pressure within the test chamber.

Abstract: A system is provided herein by which underwater characteristics may be easily checked for evaluation. The system may be configured to include: a housing; an arrangement for detecting a characteristic of the water disposed in or on the housing; a buoy; an arrangement for transmitting data disposed in the buoy; an anchor for tethering the housing to a bottom of a body of water; an arrangement for transmitting data collected by the detecting arrangement to the arrangement for transmitting data disposed in the buoy; and, a second anchor for tethering the buoy to the housing. Advantageously, with the subject invention, the level of clarity of water, and/or other water characteristics, may be detected and transmitted to a remote location so as to be accessible over a network of computers, such as the Internet.

Abstract: A method for determining a soot concentration in an engine oil of internal combustion engines, in which method a defined quantity of the engine oil is conducted with a defined flow speed along and/or through a measurement path. In a region of the measurement path, the engine oil is acted on with energy from at least one energy source in such a way that the soot particles contained in the engine oil at least partially absorb the energy. An energy quantity absorbed in the measurement path region is subsequently detected, and from this a soot concentration in the engine oil is determined. A device for determining the soot concentration in the engine oil of internal combustion engines is provided for performing the method.

Abstract: Device and associated methods for detecting a property of a fluid. The device includes a body region and a first flexible element having a first end and a second end. The first end is fixedly located on the body region. The flexible element includes at least a first layer having a first coefficient of thermal expansion and a second layer having a second, different coefficient of thermal expansion. An electrical heater element can be arranged to heat the flexible element to induce bending of said flexible element. The resistance of a first portion of the electrical heater element adjacent the first end can be greater than the resistance o a second portion of the electrical heater element further from the first end. The device can include a heater controller arranged to supply an electrical pulse having a duration less than 5ms to the electrical heater. The device can include a second, reference flexible element having a first end and a second end, with the first end fixedly located on the body region.

Abstract: A sample receiving chip comprising a substrate that receives an aliquot volume of a sample fluid and a sample region of the substrate, sized such that the volume of the sample fluid is sufficient to operatively cover a portion of the sample region. The energy imparted into the sample fluid is transduced by the sample region to produce an output signal that indicates energy properties of the sample fluid. The sample receiving chip also includes a channel formed in the substrate, the channel configured to collect the aliquot volume of a sample fluid and transfer the aliquot volume of sample fluid to the sample region.

Abstract: A piezoelectric resonator for use in a sensor arrangement for detecting or measuring an analyte in a medium, comprises a quartz crystal plate, having a first crystal surface and a second crystal surface. The first crystal surface is provided with a first electrode, which has a surface area of less than 15 mm2 and the second crystal surface is provided with a second electrode. The first electrode may have a rectangular surface shape. A flow cell for use in an apparatus for detecting or measuring an analyte in a medium, comprises walls that form a sensing chamber together with the resonator, and inlet and outlet openings for leading a fluid through the sensing chamber. A part of the resonator constitutes one of the walls of the sensing chamber and is arranged such that the first electrode is situated inside the sensing chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing an edge of a workpiece for sharpness includes a body, a probe extending outwardly and pivotably mounted from the body, the probe is biased in a direction for placement against an edge of a workpiece with a predetermined force, a test head on a distal end of the probe for mounting test tape for physical contact with an edge as a test medium, a test point for mounting to the workpiece, and a continuity circuit mounted to the body in electrical communication with the test head and the test point for providing a predetermined electrical current between the test head and the test point through the workpiece when the test tape is cut sufficiently by the workpiece to allow the test head to touch the workpiece to form a complete circuit.

Abstract: After an engine stop duration exceeds a predetermined time period (that is, if a decision outcome of S100 is positive), diagnosis of a leakage mechanism, which is a relief valve, for diagnosing the presence/absence of an abnormality is not performed during a current engine stop (S102). Therefore, even if the fuel pressure in the high-pressure fuel system is reduced to a low-pressure level due to temperature decrease as though fuel has been leaked in a state in which high-pressure fuel in a high-pressure fuel system cannot be leaked due to an abnormality in the relief valve, it generally occurs after the predetermined time period since such a decrease to a low-pressure level due to the temperature decrease is slow. Thus, an erroneous diagnosis as being normal is prevented from being made since the diagnosis has been suspended when the fuel pressure becomes equal to the low-pressure level.

Abstract: A sealing device for a device for measuring a fill level in a fluid container, particularly in a pressure container of a nuclear facility, includes at least one thermocouple which is connected by a pressure pipe to the pressure container and a pipeline connected to the pressure pipe to an evaluation unit. The pressure pipe and the pipeline are connected to each other by a pipe screw connection including a central part having two threaded pieces. One threaded piece is connected by a screw connection to a pipe sleeve and the other threaded piece is connected by a further screw connection to the pressure pipe.

Abstract: The systems and methods described herein address deficiencies in the prior art by enabling the fabrication and use of accelerometers, whether MEMS-based, NEMS-based, or CMOS-MEMS based, in the same integrated circuit die as a CMOS chip. In one embodiment, the accelerometer is fabricated on the same integrated circuit die as a CMOS chip using a typical CMOS manufacturing process.

Abstract: The system and method for acoustic characterization of solid materials provides for the characterizing a solid sample based on an acoustic intensity spectrum of an attenuated acoustic signal transmitted through the solid sample. In use, a database of known intensity spectra associated with a plurality of solid materials is first formed. An acoustic generator is then positioned against a first surface of the sample to be tested. An acoustic sensor is positioned against a second surface of the sample to be tested, and the acoustic generator generates an acoustic signal having a fixed intensity. An intensity spectrum of an attenuated acoustic signal transmitted through the sample is measured with the acoustic sensor, and the measured intensity spectrum of the attenuated acoustic signal is compared against the database of known intensity spectra to determine at least one material forming the sample.

Abstract: A system and method for compensating ultrasonic sensors mounted on a vehicle for speed of sound variations. The ultrasonic sensor is operatively coupled to a power train control module having a pressure sensor that continuously monitors atmospheric pressure and a controller configured for computing a compensated speed of sound using the monitored atmospheric pressure. The ultrasonic sensor sends an ultrasonic wave and determines the time lag in receiving the reflected ultrasonic wave from an object. Subsequently, the ultrasonic sensor generates a signal corresponding to the relative distance between the vehicle and the object using the compensated speed of sound and the time lag.

Abstract: An acoustic sensor system includes a first plurality of acoustic sensors, and an acoustic transmitter structured to generate acoustic noise to mimic acoustic noise induced by an electrical conductivity fault. A smaller second number of acoustic sensors of the first plurality of acoustic sensors are structured to identify a plurality of locations in an electrical distribution system having a plurality of electrical joints, in order that the smaller second number of acoustic sensors can monitor the plurality of electrical joints of the electrical distribution system.

Abstract: A pressure indicator for indicating pressure of a pressure source. The indicator comprises a first reservoir which defines a first enclosed volume having a first inlet pipe for communication between the first enclosed volume and a first source of pressurised fluid. A passage which provides a flow path for the pressurised fluid.

Abstract: A MEMS structure includes a substrate, a structural dielectric layer, and a diaphragm. A structural dielectric layer is disposed over the substrate. The diaphragm is held by the structural dielectric layer at a peripheral end. The diaphragm includes multiple trench/ridge rings at a peripheral region surrounding a central region of the diaphragm. A corrugated structure is located at the central region of the diaphragm, surrounded by the trench/indent rings.

Abstract: A differential pressure gauge includes a housing, a leaf spring having a magnetic steel, a measuring diaphragm, a helix, a dial, a range adjusting device and a diaphragm cover. The measuring diaphragm is connected with the leaf spring by connectors. The range adjusting device includes an adjusting spring provided at a lower end of the measuring diaphragm, a balance spring provided at an upper end of the measuring diaphragm, an adjusting screw and a slider which are provided at a lower end of the adjusting spring. The adjusting end of the adjusting screw is provided outside of the housing. The adjusting spring can be compressed by the upper and lower displacement of the slider driven by the adjusting screw, thus affecting the rigidity of the system to change the range of the differential pressure gauge. The differential pressure gauge facilitates adjusting the range and has the accurate measurement.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a sensor-enabled geosynthetic material for use in geosynthetic structures and geosyntapes, a method of making the sensor-enabled geosynthetic material and the geosyntapes, and a method of measuring geometric strains of a geosynthetic product made from the sensor-enabled geosynthetic material. The sensor-enabled geosynthetic material includes a polymeric material and an electrically conductive filler. The polymeric material and an electrically conductive filler are combined to provide a sensor-enabled geosynthetic material. The sensor-enabled geosynthetic material having a predetermined concentration of the electrically conductive filler so as to provide the sensor-enabled geosynthetic material with an electrical conductivity and a strain sensitivity within the percolation region or slightly above it.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a hydraulic jack is provided having a first portion and a second portion. The first portion attached to a first section of a structure and the second portion attached to a second section of the structure. When a pressurized fluid is forced between the first portion and the second portion, a load is transferred to the first section and the second section by the pressure of the fluid on the first portion and the second portion. The first section and the second section are forced apart by the load, thus creating or enlarging at least one void in the structure. The pressurized fluid fills or partially fills one or more of the at least one void, thereby increasing the surface area effectively normal to the direction of the load in contact with the pressurized fluid.

Abstract: Provided is a device to sense battery internal state that can sense tiny elastic waves accompanying a reaction inside a battery and can accurately ascertain changes in battery internal state. The device (10) to sense the internal state of a battery (1) comprises restraining members (5, 5) that apply compressive force to the battery (1), a non-metallic plate (11) disposed between the battery (1) and a restraining member (5), and multiple acoustic emission sensors (13) affixed to the non-metallic plate (11). Compressive force is applied to the battery (1) by the restraining members (5, 5), elastic waves (W) generated in the battery (1) are sensed by the multiple acoustic emission sensors (13), and the internal state of the battery (1) is sensed by analyzing the sensed elastic waves (W).

Abstract: An electromagnetic flowmeter includes at least one electromagnet coil arranged outside a liquid flow passage for generating an electromotive force in the liquid flow, and at least one pair of electrodes adjustably extending within the liquid flow for generating a velocity component signal. Preferably, two collinearly arranged coils are provided externally on opposite sides of the liquid flow passage, and a first set of two orthogonally-arranged pairs of coplanar electrodes are mounted on an adjustable probe strut that extends into the liquid flow. For greater accuracy, a Hall-effect device is provided on the probe. Additional sets of electrode pairs may be secured to the strut in planes parallel to the first electrode set. A second pair of collinear coils may be mounted externally of the liquid passage and orthogonally relative to the first coil pair, the two pairs of coils being alternately energized to produce three orthogonally arranged velocity components.

Abstract: An ultrasonic measurement device (10) for determining a flow velocity of a fluid in a conduit comprises a pipe section (12) having a central longitudinal axis (22) and a cross section (24) with a radius (R), the central longitudinal axis (22) defining a horizontal reference plane (26); at least a first two-path measurement system with a first path (30a) and a second path (30b) defined by a first pair of ultrasonic transducers (32) and a second pair of ultrasonic transducers (32) mounted to the wall of the pipe section (12), the ultrasonic transducers (32) of each path (30a-b) opposing each other at the ends of their path (30a-b), each path (30a-b) oriented parallel to the horizontal reference plane (26) with a distance to the horizontal reference plane (26) while having a component transverse to the central longitudinal axis (22); first evaluation means (38) to determine a first flow velocity value from the first path (30a) by comparing the ultrasonic transit times along the first path (30a) with and again

Abstract: A device to measure speed of a fluid in a pipe. An adjustment and a surface finish are accomplished between a fluid bearing and a hollow tube coupled with a turbine, with friction minimized to a point that it is possible to measure speeds of less than one cm/s which have hitherto been unexplored.

Abstract: A flowmeter, in particular for a beverage preparation machine, includes a housing, such as a moulded housing, delimiting a measuring chamber, and a measuring body, such as a moulded body, rotatably mounted in the measuring chamber. The housing and the measuring body are made of at least one of polyoxymethylene, polyformaldehyde or polybutyleneterehpthalate.

Abstract: A measuring system comprises: a measuring transducer for producing oscillation measurement signals; and transmitter electronics electrically coupled with the measuring transducer for activating the measuring transducer and for evaluating oscillation measurement signals delivered by the measuring transducer. The measuring transducer includes: a transducer housing, a first housing end housing end, first flow divider having exactly four flow openings, an outlet-side, second housing end formed by means of an outlet-side, second flow divider having exactly four flow openings mutually spaced from one another, and a tube arrangement having exactly four, straight, measuring tubes forming flow paths arranged for parallel flow and connected to the flow dividers, an electromechanical exciter mechanism for producing and/or maintaining mechanical oscillations of the four measuring tubes and a vibration sensor arrangement reacting to vibrations of the measuring tubes.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a piezoresistive material, a piezoresistive composition and a pressure sensor device are provided. The piezoresistive composition includes a conductive carbon material, a solvent, a dispersive agent, an unsaturated polyester and a crosslinking agent. The conductive carbon material is selected from a group consisting of multi-wall nanotube, single-wall carbon nanotube, carbon nanocapsule, graphene, graphite nanoflake, carbon black, and a combination thereof. The solvent is selected from a group consisting of ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, hexane, propylene glycol mono-methyl ether acetate and a combination thereof. The dispersive agent includes block polymer solution with functional groups providing the affinity. The unsaturated polyester is selected from a group consisting of an ortho-phthalic type unsaturated polyester, an iso-phthalic type unsaturated polyester, and a combination thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a force measuring device comprising an amorphous carbon layer which is disposed on a solid actuator and has piezoresistive properties.

Abstract: A method for screening a lot of product comprising multiple, individual bags or bins wherein a samples taken from each bag or bin are formed into a composite, which composite is tested for toxin or other contamination. If the test shows positive, the samples are then tested individually to determine which bag or bin is contaminated, thus permitting non-contaminated bags or bins to be released.

Abstract: One way of practicing the method of the invention is to follow these steps, not necessarily in the disclosed sequence: (1) providing a hot gas spike apparatus to load one or more diffusion denuders with a compound selected from the group consisting of a calibration standard, an internal standard, and a surrogate standard compound in a solvent carrier; (2) pulling one or more samples of ambient atmosphere through at least one of the diffusion denuders in a multicapillary collection device; (3) extracting analytes from at least one of the diffusion denuders in an analyte transfer apparatus or from a filter using an extraction device; (4) optionally cleaning up gaseous extracts or extracts of filters using chromatography, and transferring the collected analytes into an analytical device. To practice the method, an apparatus is disclosed that has a hot gas spike component, a high-flow multicapillary collection device and an analyte transfer apparatus.

Abstract: A circumferential sampling tool for obtaining a sample from an interior wall of a tube has a cylindrical body with an aperture therein. First and second cutters are operatively connected to a shaft for rotation therewith. The first and second cutter are each movable radially between a retracted position and an extended position. First and second actuators are operatively connected to the first and second cutters respectively for moving the first and second cutters between their respective retracted and extended positions as the shaft rotates. Rotating the shaft causes the first cutter to move to the extended position thereby cutting a portion of the interior wall and then causes the second cutter to move to the extended position thereby cutting the sample from the interior wall from a location in the tube revealed by cutting the portion of the interior wall.

Abstract: The Invention relates to a method for determining the filterability of beer, said method having the following steps: a) taking a wort or beer sample, b) filtering the sample on a plurality of filters of varying pore size, c) determining the size of the particles on the filter surfaces of the filters, d) qualitative analysis of the particles on the filter surfaces and assigning the measured particles to certain substances or groups of substances present in beer or the wort, wherein evidence on the filterability can be obtained from the size of the particles of different substances or groups of substances of individual fractions.

Abstract: A fitting for inserting a pig into a pipeline. The fitting comprises a cast body having a first end for connecting to a first end of a pipeline and a second end for connecting to a second end of the pipeline. The cast body further comprises a third end arranged at a predetermined angle to the first and second end of the cast body. A retractable guide within the cast body can be at least partially inserted into a run portion of the cast body for delivery or retrieval of the pig.

Abstract: Disclosed is a power-transmitting apparatus. A power-transmitting apparatus of the present invention comprises: a pin gear provided with a plurality of pins capable of rolling movement; and a spur gear provided with a plurality of teeth and en-gagingly coupled to the pin gear so as to be relatively movable, wherein the spur gear teeth are formed with a cycloid tooth shape, and a polygonal tooth root space is formed at a tooth root region of the spur gear. As compared to a trochoid tooth shape, the tooth shape of the spur gear engagingly coupled to the pin gear so as to be relatively movable according to the present invention has a greater tooth size so that it can be applied as a cycloid tooth shape capable of maintaining a sufficient tooth contact ratio, and can resolve a reduction in tooth thickness and the wedging of the pins from an undercut at the tooth root region.

Abstract: A wet dual clutch transmission includes at least one hydraulic component and a pilot valve operably connected to the hydraulic component to actuate the hydraulic component. The pilot valve includes a Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) based pressure differential actuator valve. The hydraulic component may include but is not limited to a first clutch and a second clutch of the wet dual clutch transmission, a lube regulator valve, an on/off solenoid, a synchronizing shift fork or a line pressure control valve.

Abstract: A sleeve stroke SSt of a specific sleeve is gradually increased from “0” (after t1) in a state in which a vehicle is stopped, a transmission is in a neutral state (all sleeve strokes SSt=0 (original position)), a clutch is in a disengaged state (clutch stroke CSt=0 (original position)), and an engine is operating (engine rotational speed NE>0). Upon determination that the sleeve stroke SSt has reached a predetermined value A, at which synchronization operation of a corresponding synchronization mechanism is performed, the sleeve stroke SSt is fixed to the predetermined value A, and an operation of increasing the clutch stroke CSt from “0” in a press engagement direction is started (time t2). An engagement start point CStlearn of the clutch is obtained based on a change in the rotational speed Ni of an input shaft Ai of the transmission after that (time t3).