Abstract: A refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 includes a compressor 2, a radiator 3, a positive displacement fluid machine 4, an evaporator 7, an injection flow passage 10f and a controller 102. The positive displacement fluid machine 4 performs a step of drawing a refrigerant, a step of expanding and overexpanding the drawn refrigerant, a step of supplying, through an injection port 30, the refrigerant to a working chamber so as to mix the supplied refrigerant with the overexpanded refrigerant, a step of recompressing the mixed refrigerant by using power recovered from the refrigerant, and a step of discharging the recompressed refrigerant. The controller 102 executes an activation control for allowing a pressure in the injection flow passage 10f to be a pressure equal to an outlet pressure of the compressor 2 at time of activation of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100.

Abstract: To provide an air-conditioning apparatus capable of achieving energy saving. An air-conditioning apparatus controls first heat medium flow switching devices and second heat medium flow switching devices in a heating only operation mode and a cooling only operation mode such that a flow rate through which a heat medium circulates is formed between all of the heat exchangers related to heat medium and at least one of use side heat exchangers.

Abstract: A heat transfer system includes a heat exchanger configured to transfer heat between a first fluid and a second fluid. The heat exchanger includes an outer sleeve and a microchannel unit. The outer sleeve has an interior surface defining a cavity and an exterior surface configured to be in direct thermal communication with the first fluid. The microchannel unit is received in the cavity. The microchannel unit has a plurality of microchannels configured to receive the second fluid therein and be in direct thermal communication with the second fluid. The microchannel unit has an exterior surface in direct thermal communication with the interior surface of the outer sleeve to transfer heat therebetween. At least one of the interior surface of the outer sleeve and the exterior surface of the microchannel unit has grooves defining breach channels for the first fluid or the second fluid should a breach in the outer sleeve or the microchannel unit occur.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for adjusting the body temperature of a patient comprises a vest receiving at least a portion of the body and head. The vest comprises a frontal opening with adjustable Velcro adhesive for accommodating different patients and two openings for the arms with rubber-tubing coiled between two layers of fabric, one being thermal insulated. The rubber-tubing from the vest will be connected to a pump then connected to a copper-tubing coil inside a cooler to form a closed circuit loop between the rubber-tubing, copper-tubing coil and pump. Water or other liquids will be circulated via pump into vest from copper-tubing coil inside a cooler filled with ice. The vest, pump and copper coil will be portable and there will be two union connectors, two tee connectors, and a manual diverter to enable unit to also be powered via a stationary cooling motor if so desired.

Abstract: A modular water source geothermal heat pump unit is provided. The water source geothermal heat pump unit comprises separate fan, compressor and coil modules. In one embodiment, the compressor module may be located between the fan and coil modules. In another embodiment the water source geothermal heat pump unit may be a monolithic unit that includes a fan that directs air through a chute located adjacent a compressor. The chute may also be located between the fan and a coil.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to an elongated body member configured to be inserted into a heat ventilation air conditioning (HVAC) plenum, said elongated body member having a middle portion, an upper supporting ledge, and a stop tab integrally formed therewith, and wherein said elongated body member is a unitary piece of bent sheet metal. The present disclosure is also directed to employing the drain rail and drain pan within a plenum housing. A method of fabricating a plenum housing the drain rails is also provided.

Abstract: Mounted in a bottom side of a water discharge device of a refrigeration/air-conditioning system for collecting waste water, a vermin-protective, high-strength and high beauty water pan is disclosed to include a bottom portion, and an upright peripheral wall extending along the border of the bottom portion and having at least one overflow port. The upright peripheral wall has a part curved inwards, defining a recessed open chamber, a recessed wall portion that surrounds the recessed open chamber, a bridge wall portion that suspends above the recessed open chamber and has the topmost edge thereof higher than the topmost edge of the recessed wall portion, and a plurality of ribs that are connected between the recessed wall portion and the bridge wall portion and divide the space in between the recessed wall portion and the bridge wall portion into multiple overflow holes that form one overflow port.

Abstract: An energy-saving heat pump device includes first, second, third, and fourth pipes connected in sequence in a loop. A condenser is mounted between the first and second pipes. An expansion valve is mounted between the second and third pipes. An evaporator is mounted between the third and fourth pipes. A compressor is mounted between the first and fourth pipes. The compressor compresses and outputs a coolant mixture including at least two coolants. The coolant mixture in the first pipe has a pressure of 24-30 kg/cm2G and a temperature of 80-125° C. The coolant mixture produces heat while the coolant mixture passes through the condenser. A temperature of water outputted from the condenser is in a range of 45-98° C. The coolant mixture produces cold energy for a cooling medium of the evaporator while the coolant mixture passes through the second pipe, the expansion valve, the third pipe, and the evaporator.

Abstract: An ice pusher is provided. The ice pusher incorporates a cam and a linear actuation arrangement for removing ice from an evaporator plate of an ice-making machine. The cam provides a helix shaped ramp structure having a cam surface. The linear actuation arrangement has an input end and an output end. The input end is in slidable contact with the cam surface such that the linear actuation arrangement linearly moves relative to the housing upon rotation of the cam to effectuate the removal of ice from the evaporator plate.

Abstract: An accumulator including a liquid accumulating chamber for accumulating refrigerant, a refrigerant inlet port leading the refrigerant, a refrigerant outlet pipe, an oil return opening, a refrigerant flow generating structure and a refrigerant flow mixing structure. The refrigerant outlet pipe includes an upstream open end exposed to an upper part of the liquid accumulating chamber to discharge the refrigerant from the chamber to outside the chamber. The oil return opening is in the refrigerant outlet pipe to return oil contained in the lower part of the liquid accumulating chamber to a compressor of the refrigeration cycle system. The refrigerant flow generating structure provides refrigerant from the refrigerant inlet port with a given flow, the given flow being produced by a drive force possessed by the refrigerant. The refrigerant flow mixing structure provides the given flow with an upward-and-downward movement to mix the refrigerant.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of compositions essentially containing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, HFC-134a and HFC-32 in compression refrigeration systems comprising exchangers operation in counterflow mode.

Abstract: The invention relates to binary compositions of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and difluoromethane, and especially to the uses thereof as a heat transfer fluid in compression systems with exchangers operating in counterflow mode or in split flow mode with counterflow tendency. The invention also relates to a heat transfer method.

Abstract: An absorption heat pump including a generator or desorber which generates vapour from a first fluid fed to a first condenser, an evaporator provided downstream of the condenser, an outlet of the evaporator connected by a third line to an inlet of a mixer of a low pressure absorber connected to a suction side of a pump feeding solution to the generator. The generator having a poor solution outlet connected by a sixth line provided with at least one lamination valve to a poor solution inlet feeding the absorber. The second line is brought into heat exchange contact with the low pressure absorber and opens into a liquid/vapour separator feeding the evaporator via a third line, the vapour outlet of the separator opening into an intermediate pressure absorber unit.

Abstract: A method of liquid air energy storage is provided. This method includes liquefying and storing air to form a stored liquid air during a first period of time; during a second period of time, introducing a compressed air stream into a cryogenic system, wherein the cryogenic system comprises at least one cold compressor, and at least one heat exchanger. The method includes producing a first exhaust stream and a second exhaust stream. The method also includes vaporizing at least part of the stored liquid air stream in the heat exchanger, thereby producing a first high pressure compressed air stream, then combining the first high pressure compressed air stream, the first exhaust stream and the second exhaust stream to form a combined exhaust stream, heating the combined exhaust stream, then expanding the heated combined exhaust stream in an expansion turbine to produce power.

Abstract: A method for the recovery of ethylene from an off-gas is provided. This method includes providing an ethylene containing feed gas stream, introducing the ethylene containing gas stream into a first cryogenic separation device, thereby producing a first condensed stream and a first ethylene poor stream, and introducing the ethylene poor stream into a first feed compressor, thereby producing a pressurized first ethylene poor stream. This is repeated three times, resulting in a pressurized third ethylene poor stream, which is introduced into a pressure swing adsorber, thereby producing a high purity hydrogen stream and a PSA tail gas stream. The PSA tail gas stream is into a PSA tail gas compressor, thereby producing a pressurized PSA tail gas stream, which is then combined with an ethylene containing gas stream to produce the ethylene containing feed gas stream.

Abstract: When the supporting unit is supported away from the flame unit by a predetermined distance in the opening of the flame unit, the rotational stick and are inserted in the rotatable state into the reentrant unit and described above. The rotational stick and support the supporting unit in the vicinity of a center of a center of gravity of the supporting unit and the upper part end in up and down direction. Thereby it is possible to keep the attitude in which the table surface of the jewelry unit faces to the front.

Abstract: Provided are a process for the production of a precision press-molded article having a high transmittance and a method of treating a glass to color or decolor the glass, the process comprising heat-treating a press-molded article containing at least one selected from WO3, Nb2O5 or TiO2 in an oxidizing atmosphere to produce a glass molded article, and the method comprising heat-treating a colored glass containing at least one oxide of WO3 and Nb2O5 in an oxidizing atmosphere to decolor the glass, or heat-treating a glass containing at least one oxide selected from WO3, Nb2O5 or TiO2 in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to color the glass.

Abstract: A glass layer fixing method for manufacturing a glass layer fixing member by fixing a glass layer to a first glass member, includes the steps of disposing the glass layer on the first glass member along a region to be fused, the glass layer containing a glass powder and a laser-absorbing material and irradiating the region to be fused therealong with a first laser beam, so as to melt the glass layer, fix the glass layer to the first glass member, and increase a laser absorptance of the glass layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides (i) a glass melting furnace, (ii) a process for producing molten glass, (iii) an apparatus for producing a glass product, and (iv) a process for producing a glass product, which are capable of preventing deterioration of the quality of molten glass caused by deposition of particles floating on a wall of the furnace. The melting furnace described herein includes a melting tank in which a flue located substantially at the center of a ceiling wall and a number of first heating units are disposed, such that particles floating in the furnace are suctioned off by a suction power of the flue and discharged from the furnace without being directed to a surrounding furnace wall. This drastically reduces the amount of floating particles deposited on the furnace wall, which prevents damage to the furnace wall and deterioration of the quality of glass produced therein.

Abstract: There are provided, a method for efficiently manufacturing a glass substrate for magnetic disk in which the degree of surface irregularity of the principal surface is suppressed, and the glass substrate for magnetic disk. When manufacturing a glass substrate for magnetic disk including a pair of principal surfaces, a glass blank is formed by pressing molten glass or softened glass with planar press forming surfaces of dies in such a way that the molten glass or the softened glass is sandwiched from the both sides. Temperature condition is equalized around the pair of principal surfaces of the glass blank during the pressing.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a photonic band gap fiber base material includes: a forming step of continuously forming a columnar core glass body 10 and a clad glass body 20 which coats the core glass body to obtain an intermediate base material 110; a hole making step of making holes 30 in the clad glass body 20; an insertion step of inserting in the holes 30 a plurality of bilayer glass rods 40 in which an outer layer 42 which has the same refractive index as the clad glass body coats high refractive index portions 41 having a higher refractive index than a refractive index of the clad glass body 20; and a heating step of heating the intermediate base material 110 and integrating the intermediate base material 110 and the bilayer glass rods 40.

Abstract: A method for producing thin silicon rods includes: a) providing a rod of silicon; b) sequentially cutting with a sawing device slabs from the rod, wherein the rod is respectively rotated axially through 90° or 180° between two successive cuts so that two of four successive cuts respectively take place pairwise on radially opposite sides of the rod or wherein slab cutting takes place simultaneously together at radially opposite sides of the rod; and c) sawing the cut slabs into thin rods having a rectangular cross section. A device for producing thin rods from a silicon rod by sawing, contains a first unit with cutting tools and a cutting tool cooling liquid, a second unit having nozzles for introducing additional cooling liquid into cutting kerfs of the workpiece, and a third unit having a band saw, a wire saw or cutting tools containing one or more shafts.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided herein. The apparatus includes, a clothes basket rotatable about an axis, a motor coupled to the clothes basket, an additive tank, a Venturi component comprising a hole connecting to a water inlet, a hole connecting to the additive tank, and a hole connecting to the clothes basket, a first valve, a second valve, and a processor coupled to the first valve and the second valve, the processor being operative to carry out a dispensing phase of the apparatus, wherein the dispensing phase comprises dispensing additive to the clothes basket, and carry out a self-cleaning phase of the apparatus, wherein the self-cleaning phase comprises washing the additive tank.

Abstract: A detergent composition dispensing device removable insertable into a washing machine comprises:— (a) a primary chamber to accommodate a detergent composition, (b) a secondary chamber, for releasing same into the wash liquor of the washing machine, (c) a mechanism for transferring detergent from the primary to the secondary chamber, the mechanism comprising: (i) a movable piston disposed within the secondary chamber (ii) a valve arranged between the primary chamber and the secondary chamber, which, when operated, permits flow of the detergent composition there-between.

Abstract: A washing machine having a balance weight. The washing machine includes a main body, a tub provided within the main body, a drying duct connected to the tub so as to supply low-humidity air to the tub, and the balance weight mounted on the tub so as to reduce vibration of the tub. The balance weight includes a first weight member and a second weight member separably connected to the first weight member. The first weight member includes a connection part provided at one end thereof such that the second weight member is connected to the connection part, and a space formation part having a smaller thickness in the axial direction of the tub than the second weight member so as to form a space in which the drying duct is disposed.

Abstract: A linkage lock comprises a lock body, a linkage chain, and a lock mechanism arranged in the lock body. The linkage chain is formed via linking a plurality of link plates and has a first end joined with the lock body and a second end able to be inserted into and secured to a socket of the lock body. The lock body has a shaft. When intending to collect the linkage lock whose second end is unlocked, the user winds the linkage chain around the surface of the shaft with the shaft being a central axis to fold the linkage lock.

Abstract: An anti-theft security device is particularly useful with bottles and is typically secured to a bottle neck. The device may carry an onboard alarm. The device typically includes a catch member which engages the bottle neck to secure the device to the bottle and a blocking structure to help block access to the catch member.

Abstract: A vessel locking system which provides a locking cap which secures in locked engagement with a vessel releasable by mated engagement of a cap key with the locking cap.

Abstract: The invention relates to a security lock control device (1) for an access system (9), which is designed for controlling a security lock, comprising a control panel section (2) via which a user can input a security lock control signal, wherein the control panel section (2) is at least in some areas transparent and/or translucent. The invention further relates to a signaling device by which the control panel section (2) can be backlit with various colours which code the status of the controlled security lock and/or the security lock control device.

Abstract: A combined mechanical and electronic key includes a housing with an edge area having a link configured with grooves, electronics disposed in the housing, a key portion, which has a bearing point mounted in a rotatable manner about an axis along the link, an activating element in the bearing point having at least two radially projecting wings and a radially projecting driver, where the activating element is movable between a passive and an active position, the key portion is movable between an inoperative position and an operative position, where in the inoperative and operative positions, in which the activating element occupies the passive position, each wing is in a respective groove, and during the movement between the inoperative and operative positions, in which the activating element occupies the active position, the wings are detached from the grooves, and the driver engages with a contour of the bearing point.

Abstract: A pipe production system includes a plurality of platform segments that are coupled together at a construction site to form a work platform. A helical pipe production system is mounted on the work platform. The work platform includes an integrated drive system that enables the platform to be moved around the terrain of the construction site so that pipe can be produced in-line with an intended or desire pipe laying path.

Abstract: A device for adjusting the rolling positions of rolling rolls and restraining poor roll-biting of the front edge part of a pipe material rolled by a three-roll mandrel mill includes pressing-down devices 1 (P1 to P6) for moving rolling rolls R1 to R6 in the rolling direction and a control unit 2 for controlling the pressing-down devices 1. Immediately after the front edge part of a pipe material T has begun to be rolled by the rolling rolls disposed on at least one rolling stand of the rolling rolls R1 to R6, the control unit 2 controls the pressing-down device 1 to move the rolling rolls in the closing direction. Preferably, the rolling rolls disposed on at least one rolling stand of the rolling rolls R1 to R6 in the closing direction are moved at a speed of 16 mm/sec or higher using the pressing-down device 1.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for adjusting the rolls (1, 2, 3, ) of a roll stand (5), wherein the roll stand (5) comprises at least two interacting working rolls (1,2), wherein one of the working rolls (1) is arranged in the roll stand (5) in a displaceable manner for adjusting a roll gap, and wherein the other working roll (2) can be rotated in the roll stand (5) in a working position, but for defining a passline (p) in the direction normal to the surface of the roll material is fixed in a non-displaceable manner.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for cooling a hot-rolled steel strip after a finishing rolling in which a transportation speed varies, the method including: setting a transportation-speed changing schedule on the basis of a temperature of a steel strip before the finishing rolling and a condition of the finishing rolling; performing a first cooling in which the hot-rolled steel strip is cooled under a film boiling state in a first cooling section; performing a second cooling in which the hot-rolled steel strip is cooled with a water amount density of not less than 2 m3/min/m2 in a second cooling section; and coiling the hot-rolled steel strip, in which a cooling condition is controlled in the first cooling so as to satisfy 0.8?(T2a??T2a)/?Tx?1.2.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cluster arm arrangement for the intermediate roll sets of 18 HS roll stands, wherein arranged between the chock at the operating side and the chock at the drive side are cluster arms which are pivotable laterally of the intermediate roll and in which the lateral backing rolls are integrated for support of the working rolls in the stand. In that case, arranged between the chock (1) and the cluster arm (2) is a pivot pin (3), which is fixedly connected with the cluster arm and about the axis of which the cluster arm (2) is pivotable, and a locking means for the cluster arm (2) as well as an abutment (6) with a restoring spring (6) are operatively arranged on the pivot pin (3) as a compact unit in the region between the cluster arm (2) and chock (1).

Abstract: A method for operating an apparatus for decelerating and temporarily accumulating a hot rolled long product. The product is deposited on a rotating drum in the form of a helix, and is simultaneously unwound from the drum to a receiving guide movable incrementally along a path parallel to the rotational axis of the drum. Immediately upon entry of the product front end into the receiving guide, the incremental movement of the receiving guide is preceded by an initial rapid shifting through a distance adequate to prevent subsequent product convolutions of the helix from budding and overlapping.

Abstract: A gas spring mount and related method for metal forming dies includes a one-piece, generally U-shaped clamping band with an arcuate medial portion shaped to receive an associated gas spring body therein, and two enlarged ends with through apertures. Threaded mounting screws extend through the through apertures in the clamping band ends, and are anchored into threaded retainer holes in an associated die member. At least one of the mounting screws has a tapered head and is disposed laterally offset from the associated threaded retainer hole in the die, whereby tightening of the one screw shifts the related enlarged end of the mounting band laterally toward the opposite enlarged end to pull the clamping band constrictingly against the gas spring body to securely, yet detachably retain the same therein.

Abstract: A gas spring mount and related method for metal forming dies includes a one-piece, split clamping ring having a generally ovate plan shape with two spaced apart axes of symmetry. A generally circular clamping portion extends around the first axis, and is shaped to receive a gas spring body therein. A hook-shaped end extends around the second axis, and is shaped to receive a tapered head mounting member therein. A resilient free end is located operably between the clamping portion and the hook-shaped end portion, whereby tightening of the mounting member shifts the hook-shaped end outwardly and the free end inwardly to constrictingly pull the clamping ring securely against the gas spring body, and contemporaneously attach the assembly to an associated die member.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a gas regulating device (2A-E) for use in calibration of a gas analyzer (4). The gas regulating device comprises an inlet (8A) and an outlet (8B), a valve arrangement comprising at least one valve (11; 11A, 11B), and valve regulating means for regulating the at least one valve. The gas regulating device is intended to be connected between a calibration gas supply (3) and a gas analyzer (4) that is to be calibrated and the valve regulating means is configured to regulate the at least one valve such that gas is allowed to flow through a gas flow path (5B) between the inlet and outlet only when a gas pressure (P1) in the gas flow path, between the at least one valve and the outlet, falls below a predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: An angle detection apparatus includes a grating disk supported by a rotation axis and three or more detectors arrayed proximate to a front surface of the grating disk at equal distances in a circumferential direction of the grating disk. A rotation angle of the grating disk rotated by a reference angle from a predetermined initial position is detected by each of the detectors. An angle error at each of the detectors is measured from a difference between the rotation angle and the reference angle. A tangential vector is acquired by rotating by 90° a directional vector of each of the detectors relative to the rotation center. An eccentricity vector is calculated whose inner product with the tangential vector is the angle error.

Abstract: A calibration artifact includes an elongated body made substantially entirely of ceramic material and having a direction of elongation. A plurality of measurement elements comprising the ceramic material are integrally formed with the elongated body, each measurement element comprising a first planar measurement surface facing in a first direction. The first planar measurement surface of each measurement element is parallel to the first planar measurement surface of each of the other measurement elements of the plurality of measurement elements. The calibration artifact may be a unitary step gauge formed with a single piece of ceramic material.

Abstract: A method for testing internal differences in reinforced flexible composites including placing a flexible composite on a rigid support structure, tapping the composite with a tapper of predetermined mass, determining a value representative of the impact duration of the tap and/or computing a value representative of the local stiffness of the composite. The composite may be a power transmission belt or portion thereof with tensile cord reinforcement. The method is useful for comparing the degree of penetration of elastomer into the tensile cord, for example in a cast polyurethane toothed belt.

Abstract: A holder for a liquid separator is disclosed herein. The liquid separator includes a separator body for dividing a sample flow into two separate flows, one of said flows substantially free of liquid being for the gas measurement and another of said flows including at least one of liquid and gas bypassing the measurement, and which liquid separator also includes a detachable liquid container for receiving the another flow. The holder includes a space receiving the liquid separator and also includes a frame surrounding at least partly the space and which frame including a first contact point being in contact with the separator body. The frame also includes a second contact point being in contact with the liquid container and which first contact point together with the second contact point are adapted to hold the liquid separator.

Abstract: A flue gas analyzer device which can be held in one hand and which has a probe barrel for drawing in a gas sample with a pump, a thermocouple arranged in the probe barrel, and with a housing receiving a battery-powered evaluating and measuring device. A pump chamber, a condensate chamber, a condensate separator, and the probe barrel are arranged axially one behind the other in front of a handle of the pistol-shaped housing of the analyzer device. The gas sample is drawn in from the condensate chamber via an exchangeable filter device by the pump arranged in the pump chamber and is supplied for analysis to sensors arranged in the handle via a line.

Abstract: In a PM detection sensor S having a PM sensor element 1 installed in an exhaust-gas pipe of an engine E/G, PM detection electrodes are placed in detection spaces in slits, respectively, formed in an insulation substrate. In the insulation substrate, one slit is embedded between an electric field generating electrode and a common electric field generating electrode. The other slit is embedded between an electric field generating electrode and the common electric field generating electrode. The same magnitude of an electric field is generated between the detection spaces when electric power is supplied to the electric field generating electrodes. An average value of sensor outputs transferred from the PM detection electrode is used as a sensor output of the PM sensor element.

Abstract: A target odor detection apparatus and system configured to house one or more inanimate odor detectors for screening air passed across odor emitters or conveyances that pass through the target odor detection apparatus. Various communication technologies are incorporated in certain embodiments to provide enhanced control over an apparatus or system located in multiple and, in some cases, very distant, geographic locations.

Abstract: Traditional photoacoustic sensors generally operate in a passive mode, which can degrade the performance. Here, however, a photoacoustic sensor has been disclosed that operates an acoustic resonance chamber and a transducer in an active mode so as to avoid the problems associated with traditional photoacoustic sensors; in particular, because the acoustic resonance chamber operates at near atmospheric pressure such as 100's Torr as opposed to 1 m Torr type of pressure for radio spectroscopy, the sensor is allowed to be scaled to operate on an integrated circuit or IC.

Abstract: A photoacoustic sensor, containing a resonance body, which at least partially delimits a space for receiving molecules to be detected, and a device for detecting an oscillation of the resonance body, including a device for optically detecting the location of at least one partial surface of the resonance body. A method for the photoacoustic detection of molecules in the gas phase and to a method for producing an optically integrated photoacoustic sensor.

Abstract: A gasoline blend and a method for producing a gasoline blend containing low concentrations of a butanol isomer and having good cold start and warm-up driveability characteristics are disclosed.

Abstract: A method of making an electrically conductive structure in a surface portion of a dielectric material is disclosed. In one aspect, the method includes creating vacancies at at least part of an exposed surface of the dielectric material by removing atoms from a plurality of molecules of the dielectric material.