Abstract: An ultra-rapid freezing device (100) adapted for cooling a sample (1), includes a substrate chip (10) being adapted for cooling the sample (1), and at least one sample carrier (20) being adapted for accommodating the sample (1) and including at least one heatable support (21), through which the at least one sample carrier (20) is attached to the substrate chip (10). Preferably, the at least one sample carrier (20) is attached to the substrate chip (10) in a suspended manner. Furthermore, a method of ultra-rapid freezing a sample (1) is described. The at least one sample carrier (20) can be switched between a heated state at which a thermal gradient is formed relative to the substrate chip (10) and a cooled state at which a thermal equilibrium is formed relative to the substrate chip (10).

Abstract: Certain embodiments disclosed herein relate to compositions, methods, devices, systems, and products regarding frozen particles. In certain embodiments, the frozen particles include materials at low temperatures. In certain embodiments, the frozen particles provide vehicles for delivery of particular agents. In certain embodiments, the frozen particles are administered to at least one substrate.

Abstract: A method for cooling an icemaker is disclosed. The icemaker includes an ice mold body having a channel for transport of coolant and a plurality of ice cavities. The method includes the steps of injecting a coolant into the channel, adding water to the ice cavities, forming ice cubes in the ice cavities, removing coolant from the channel, heating the ice mold body, and ejecting the ice cubes from the ice mold body. The removal step is performed by reversing direction of a coolant pump.

Abstract: A heat transfer apparatus and method comprises first and second heat transfer units. A heat exchanger has a first portion thereof arranged between the first and second units, and a second portion that is thermally connected to the first portion and not arranged between the first and second units. Each heat transfer unit comprises one or more modules, and each module comprises a chamber having a first part which contains a first gas adsorbent material and a second part which contains a second gas adsorbent material. These parts are connected so as to allow gaseous communication therebetween whilst being relatively thermally isolated from each other.

Abstract: According to certain embodiments disclosed in the present application, a climate controlled seating assembly includes a thermal module. The thermal module comprises at least one inlet channel, at least one outlet channel and a thermoelectric device (e.g., Peltier circuit) positioned upstream of the outlet channel. In one embodiment, the seating assembly includes a sensor positioned within an interior of the thermal module and configured to detect the presence of a liquid, such as water, condensation or other fluids, on or near said sensor. In certain arrangements, the sensor is configured to detect the presence of a liquid by measuring an electrical resistance or capacitance across a portion of the sensor. A climate control system can include a separator gasket located within a housing of a fluid module and at least partially between the cold passage and the hot passage. In some embodiments, the separator gasket comprises one or more wicking materials.

Abstract: A refrigerating device is provided that includes an evaporator and a compartment that is cooled by air circulating air from and to the evaporator, wherein a diffusion layer can be displaced between a first position, in which air passage openings distributed in a wall separating the compartment from a distribution chamber are covered by the diffusion layer, and a second position, in which the diffusion layer is positioned so as to allow air to flow from the evaporator through the distribution chamber into the compartment while bypassing the diffusion layer.

Abstract: An air conditioning system for a vehicle has a refrigerant cycle device which has an evaporator and a compressor and in which refrigerant is discharged from the compressor to be evaporated in the evaporator so that air passing the evaporator is cooled to be blown into a passenger compartment of the vehicle. The control unit drives the compressor at a control value which is determined based on at least one of a pressure of the refrigerant in the refrigerant cycle device and an outside-air temperature outside the passenger compartment, when the control unit actuates the compressor.

Abstract: A power unit for air conditioning systems installed on boats, including at least one compressor, of the mass produced type used in the automobile industry, connected to the circuit of the refrigeration device, at least one mechanical pump for circulation of a heat exchange fluid along a circuit and one or more rotating electrical machines. Operation of the power unit is ensured during navigation by an internal combustion engine for marine propulsion, in particular a four stroke gasoline engine, with vertical motor axis, normally used for outboard marine propulsion, mass produced at low costs, while when the boat is in port it is ensured by an electric motor. The fan coils are also of the mass produced type used in the automobile industry.

Abstract: A device for the production and distribution of cold products, in particular for machines for the production of soft ice-cream, comprises a cylindrical chamber (12) equipped at one end with an inlet mouth (13) for a liquid food mixture and at an opposite end with an extraction tap (14) for the distribution of the cold food product, wherein said cylindrical chamber (12) is externally enveloped by an evaporation chamber (15) for the cooling of the liquid food mixture and contains in its interior a mixer (17).

Abstract: A centrifugal fan mounted in an air conditioner has the following relationship: outer diameter of a side plate of the centrifugal fan > outer diameter of the blade rear-edge part on side-plate side > diameter of the blade rear-edge part on main plate side ? outer diameter of the main plate. In the centrifugal fan, the blade rear-edge part is positioned inside from a straight line connecting the connection point between the blade rear-edge part and the main plate, to the connection point between the blade rear-edge part and the side plate, as viewed from the rotation axis. The blade rear-edge part has a shape such that the distance from the rotation axis becomes larger from the main plate toward the side plate.

Abstract: An insulated cooler with two (2) separate independent storage compartments and lids allowing for compartmentalized transportation and storage of items is herein disclosed. The separate compartments eliminate possible cross-contamination as well as provide different thermal conditioning of the contents. The compartments are completely independent of each other having an interior divider wall extending completely through the body of the cooler and continuing into a lid area, thereby sealing independent compartments. Additionally, each compartment is also provided with a draining means.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for the integration of a fractionation process and an olefin refrigeration system, wherein the fractionation process olefin effluent is supplied to the refrigeration system, can eliminate a fractionation process condenser and reflux drum typically present. A plurality of bottoms streams can be collected from the fractionation process. The olefin refrigerant can be supplied to alternate olefin refrigerant consumers, as desired. A column in the fractionation process can be refluxed with an olefin stream from refrigeration system, and olefin product can be collected or exported via line.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method or an apparatus for bending a plate-like material such as a glass sheet for a side window having a double-curved surface for automobiles wherein the positioning of support frame and forming mold is performed with high precision.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for melting a composition of raw materials including introducing the composition in an oven to form a layer (2) at the surface of the molten pool (4). An oxycombustion burner (10) is arranged above the pool and directed towards the composition layer (2) to produce a melting front (3). Parameters of the burner are adjusted to produce a large covering flame (12) causing an essentially radiation-based thermal transfer. Additionally, a plane containing a longitudinal section of the flame (Z-Z) and a horizontal direction perpendicular to the axis of the oven (X-X) intersects the melting front (3) at a height (h) included ranging between one third and half of the thickness of the composition (e). Such a method provides for a stable operation of the oven and is particularly adapted to a large-capacity oven.

Abstract: An aggregate for a washing machine provided with a substantially hollow cylindrical suds container of fiberglass reinforced polymeric material and consisting of two end walls and a shell, a hollow cylindrical washing drum disposed in the suds container for rotation on a shaft about a non-vertical axis, and a unitary support structure embedded substantially completely in one of the end walls and with a bearing support adapted to receive the shaft and at least one arm extending radially from the bearing support.

Abstract: A washing machine and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed. The washing machine includes a tub, a bearing housing having a fastening member and formed by insert-injection molding into the tub so as to expose the fastening member from the tub, and a stator mounted to the fastening member. The washing machine can maintain concentricity of the stator and permit simplification of an assembly process to reduce manufacturing costs.

Abstract: A cylindrical rotating tub body and a drum-type washing machine having the same, in which the rotating tub body is formed by rolling a plate such that both ends of the plate are connected to each other. The washing machine includes a cylindrical rotating tub body and a plurality of lifters, which are spaced apart from each other on an inner peripheral surface of the rotating tub body. The rotating tub body includes lifter installation sections on which a plurality of lifters are installed, concave-convex sections having a plurality of concave-convex parts and being installed between the lifter installation sections, and reinforcement sections to reinforce the strength of the lifter installation sections. The lifter installation sections having a strength lower than that of the concave-convex sections are reinforced due to the reinforcement sections, so that the lifter installation sections are prevented from being extremely being deformed during the rolling process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to laundry machines, and, more particularly, to a safe laundry machine which enables a user to open/close a door easily, and can prevent an accident caused by opening/closing of the door from taking place. The laundry machine includes a cabinet, a drum rotatably mounted in the cabinet, a door having a latch for being opened/closed selectively to expose an inside of the drum to an outside of the laundry machine, and a door switch assembly provided for enabling opening/closing of the door, wherein the door switch assembly includes a switch unit for making selective connection to the latch, and an opening operation unit spaced from the switch unit for the user to enable to disconnect the connection between the latch and the switch unit.

Abstract: A padlock includes a housing, a shackle, a limit knob, a movable block and a lock core. The housing has an opening in a wall thereof. The shackle has a shaft portion movably mounted in the housing, and a locking portion extended from the shaft portion and located outside of the housing. The limit knob is partly received in the housing via the opening and has a button located outside of the housing. The movable block is disposed on the limit knob and capable of moving to a predetermined position which is outside of the housing. The lock core has a rotor configured to be driven by a key so as to move the limit knob to a first position where the button of the limit knob keeps the shackle from rotating and a second position where the button of the limit knob allows the shackle to rotate.

Abstract: A stop arrangement for precluding disengagement of a mortise deadbolt lock element by a cam which is employed to extend and retract the element. The arrangement employs first and second stop arms angularly spaced from a cam, which are rotatable, along with the cam, and which engage the lock element to preclude over-rotation.

Abstract: A steering lock device includes a lock member that is slidable between a lock position and an unlock position, and a slider that is disposed slidably in a direction perpendicular to a moving direction of the lock member. A sloped portion that is linearly sloped toward the steering shaft along a slide direction of the slider is provided on at least one of the lock member and the slider. The lock member is shifted between the lock position and the unlock position by the sloped portion in response to sliding of the slider. According to the steering lock device, downsizing can be brought due to its short height along a stroke direction of the lock member and cost reduction by commoditization of its main components can be achieved.

Abstract: A kind of cylindrical lock, this lock able to be installed on a door, includes: one transmission structure which can operate a drive base, this drive base gearing a latch mechanism; this latch mechanism having: one tubular shaped element, which can be coupled to a handle for actuation; a tube, which can be rotated and inserted into the tubular shaped element; one pushing part, having one side with at least one pushing section, this pushing section able to push the drive base at the appropriate time; a collar, which can be set on one end of the tubular shaped element, a meshing section formed on one end of the collar; an engaging element, partly installed in this pushing part, one meshing section formed on this engaging element, and this engaging element having at least one pushable section; one rotating part, having at least one pushing portion, each pushing portion at the appropriate time pushing the adjacent pushable section of the engaging element; one lock set, having a lock core linked to one transmissio

Abstract: An electronic lock includes a rotatable core movable within an outer body. The rotatable core includes an actuator configured to move a tumbler blocking member into or out of interfering engagement with one or more tumblers. In an unlocked state, the actuator moves the tumbler blocking member so that a movable locking member in the rotatable core that engages the outer body can be moved into the rotatable core. In a locked state, the actuator positions the tumbler blocking member to prevent the one or more tumblers from retracting and thereby retain the locking member in a channel of the outer body.

Abstract: A finishing station of variable structure includes two plates, joined integrally to each other and able to slide along two vertical shoulders which support a plurality of forming rollers mounted on shoes able to slide in radial guides formed in the plates. The shoes that support the forming rollers are moved by levers hinged to the plates and connected to each other by connecting rods, two of which are hinged to levers hinged to the plates and secured to the ground. A further forming roller, situated in the lower part of the plates, is preferably secured to the ground. In the inner part of the two forming rollers situated in the upper part of the finishing station a disc blade is formed to control the position of the edges of the bent strip of sheet metal during the finishing operation.

Abstract: A coiler furnace having a heat-insulated enclosure delimiting a furnace interior, a strip coiling device includes a coiler drum having a slotted receiving opening for the hot-rolled strip in the furnace interior, A controlled rotational drive for a coiler shaft is located outside the furnace interior. An inlet and outlet opening to the enclosure for a hot-rolled strip. A strip guiding device between a roller table and the coiler drum. In order to avoid any winding errors, a feeding shield extends through the enclosure of the coiler furnace and is coupled to a displacement drive arranged outside the furnace interior. The displacement drive can be displaced between an insertion position and a withdrawal position of the shield. The feeding shield, in the insertion position, interacts with the strip guiding device to form a feed funnel, mounted upstream the slotted receiving opening on the coiler drum for the hot-rolled strip together.

Abstract: A method for operating an apparatus for decelerating and temporarily accumulating a hot rolled long product. The product is deposited on a rotating drum in the form of a helix, and is simultaneously unwound from the drum to a receiving guide movable incrementally along a path parallel to the rotational axis of the drum. Immediately upon entry of the product front end into the receiving guide, the incremental movement of the receiving guide is preceded by an initial rapid shifting through a distance adequate to prevent subsequent product convolutions of the helix from buckling and overlapping.

Abstract: A heat sink has a plurality of radially extending radiating fins, which are arranged annularly on the outer circumferential surface of a cylindrical base to be integral with that surface. The base is formed to have a cylindrical shape having a center axis. The base is formed to be solid-core. The heat sink is ground such that a cooling object contact portion having a generally cylindrical shape projects from the end surface of the heat sink in the axial direction. An annular groove is ground out along the outer circumference of a contact surface of the cooling object contact portion. An attaching member is attached on the outer circumferential surface of the cooling object contact portion, and a pressure application portion is entirely pressed by a pressing machine. The pressure application portion is plastically deformed outward in the diameter direction, so that the attaching member is fixed in between.

Abstract: A coil forming method, a coil forming die assembly and a coil manufactured by the coil forming method are disclosed. The coil forming method comprises conducting preliminary forming work on a coil under a linear state before conducting bending work on the coil. The preliminary forming work including conducting compression work on the coil under the linear state to compress the coil in a region covering a rounded corner portion formed when bending work is conducted to decrease a dimension of the coil in a widthwise direction. The dimension of the coil is decreased in the widthwise direction by the nearly same dimension as that of the coil bulged in the widthwise direction when bending work is conducted in the absence of the preliminary forming work. This prevents the occurrence of bulging of the coil during bending work with an increase in lamination factor.

Abstract: A forging method including extruding a billet to form a ring shaped hollow workpiece; reducing a cross section of the workpiece; and forging the workpiece in a closed die having a first split die including a plurality of first die segments and a second split die including a plurality of second die segments by sequentially advancing pairs of opposing die segments from the first split die and second split die towards each other.

Abstract: In a method of making through-passages in a perforated U-shaped sheet metal part, an inner core is positioned between confronting legs of the sheet metal part in an area of holes, and a support bar is inserted through one hole into the sheet metal part for support of a backside of the inner core. A shaping punch is inserted through another opposite hole into the inner core, thereby forming an inwardly directed collar. After retracting the support bar and the shaping punch and transferring the sheet metal part to replace the first inner core with a second inner core, a centering bar is inserted through the collared hole into the sheet metal part to center the sheet metal part in relation to the centering bar and to support a backside of the other inner core. A further shaping punch is then inserted into the second inner core through the first hole, thereby forming an inwardly directed collar so that the two collars are aligned and form through-passages.

Abstract: A bending apparatus for bending a metal member includes at least one die, a punch disposed on an opposite side of the die through the metal member for pressurizing the metal member by relatively moving with respect to the die to perform bending, and a knock out die for supporting the metal member when the bending is performed. Friction generated on a surface of the knock out die for receiving the metal member becomes smaller continuously or gradually from a center portion toward side portions thereof in a bending ridge line direction. In addition, a surface of the knock out die includes multiple grooves formed at the side portions thereof in the bending ridge line direction, and widths of the multiple grooves become larger continuously or gradually from the center portion toward the side portions of the knock out die in the bending ridge line direction.

Abstract: An apparatus for compressing a stent includes a flexible sheet having a first portion curved over toward a second portion of the sheet, such that the sheet includes a generally cylindrical opening. A compression wedge and a curved surface of a platen sandwich at least the second portion of the sheet, and the compression wedge is adjacent to the generally cylindrical opening. A size of the generally cylindrical opening is changed by relative curvilinear motion of the compression wedge and the platen.

Abstract: A method for detecting the composition of an unknown gas mixture (Minc) through an electronic nose (2) equipped with a measuring chamber (3) that houses at least one sensor comprises the steps of: calibrating a sensor by feeding a known gas mixture (Mn) into the measuring chamber (3); feeding the unknown gas mixture (Minc) into the chamber (3), while keeping the unknown gas mixture (Mine) in a predetermined desired state; and detecting the composition of the unknown gas mixture (Minc) by means of the sensor.

Abstract: The present invention provides, as one aspect, an apparatus for inspecting a sensor module including at least one held sensor in a housing having a plurality of outer surfaces. The held sensor detects acceleration or angular velocity. The apparatus includes a holding unit that has an apparatus-side surface and holds the housing in a state where one of the outer surfaces of the housing serving as a housing-side surface contacts the apparatus-side surface, a driving unit that moves the holding unit, a first obtaining unit that, in a state where the housing-side surface contacts the apparatus-side surface, obtains an output from the held sensor, at least one reference sensor that has a detection axis and is provided such that a direction of the detection axis matches a direction of a reference axis of the held sensor, and a second obtaining unit that obtains an output from the reference sensor.

Abstract: A testing stylus used for testing a keyboard, includes a sleeve, a resisting member and an elastic member, the resisting member be conductive and have an engageable end and an opposite resisting end, the resisting end is used to resist against the keyboard. The resisting member and the elastic member are assembled in the sleeve, the elastic member resists against the engageable end, to allow the resisting end to be exposed to the outside from the sleeve, the resisting end is withdrawn into the sleeve by pressing the sleeve.

Abstract: In a method of determining amounts of condensable species present in a gas containing condensable species a probe is placed into a gas containing condensable species. The probe has a plurality of spaced apart contacts on an outer non-conductive surface. That surface is heated at a selected heating rate and then cooled at a selected cooling rate over a selected time period. During that time period current flow between the contacts and the temperature of the non-conductive surface is monitored over the selected time period. Peaks in a plot of the current flow over the selected time period and the temperature for the time corresponding to each peak are then correlated to the condensable species has a kinetic dew point at each identified temperature. The identified temperature for each identified species is compared to a predetermined correlation of dew point temperature and concentration for that species to determine the concentration of that condensable species present in the gas.

Abstract: The method for measuring porosity of concrete is a vacuum pressure saturation-based method for calculating a porosity value of a sample of concrete. The method includes the steps of first drying a concrete sample and then making a first weight measurement of the concrete sample. Following the first weight measurement, the concrete sample is placed in a vacuum pressure vessel, where the sample is subjected to vacuum. The vacuum pressure vessel and a pressure cell are next filled with water. Water in the pressure cell and vacuum pressure vessel is pressurized, and the sample remains within the pressurized water for twenty-four hours. The sample remains submerged in the vacuum pressure vessel for another twenty-four hour period to achieve equilibrium. A second weight is then taken in the water, and a third weight measurement is taken in air. The porosity is calculated based upon the first, second and third weight measurements.

Abstract: Disclosed are aqueous chemical leak detection cables that provide protection to sensor wires by using a conductive polymer coating that is resistant to corrosion by aqueous chemicals. In addition, non-conductive, liquid pervious layers may surround one or more of the sensor wires to assist in preventing false detection of a aqueous chemical leak as a result of various non-liquid contaminants. The non-conductive, liquid pervious layer may comprise braided, non-hydroscopic, non-conductive fibers, or a continuous, non-conductive pervious coating.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for pressure testing one or more sections of a pipeline are provided. In at least one embodiment, the apparatus includes a first high pressure seal and a second high pressure seal adapted to isolate a test volume located within a section of the pipeline between the first and second high pressure seals. The apparatus also includes at least one flexible member connecting the first high pressure seal to the second high pressure seal, the at least one flexible member adapted to permit movement of the first high pressure seal relative to the second high pressure seal, allowing the apparatus to travel through a curvature in the pipeline.

Abstract: A viscometer for molten plastic has a housing having first and second relatively displaceable parts with generally complementary and substantially planar faces. The first part is formed with a throughgoing melt passage adapted for connection in a flow system of the molten plastic. A hinge interconnects the parts. An outgoing conduit extends from the melt to a pump intake and from a pump output to an opening on the face of the first housing part. A plurality of sensors on one of the parts are connected to respective openings on the face of the one part. A return conduit extends from another opening on the face of the first housing part offset from the opening of the outgoing line. An exchangeable metal foil formed with a slot into which all of the openings open is engaged tightly between the two faces.

Abstract: Examples of an apparatus and method for adjusting a viscosity of an adhesive are disclosed. An apparatus may comprise a motor including a spindle. A tooling bit may be disposed spaced from and axially aligned with the spindle extending into a first end of a syringe to contact an adhesive in the syringe while the syringe is detachably mounted for rotation to the spindle. A lamp may selectively shine a curing light on the adhesive. A meter may be coupled to the motor to measure a torque on the motor. The method may include detachably mounting the syringe containing the adhesive to the motor. The motor may be operated to stir the adhesive at a first voltage for a predetermined time. A torque on the motor may be measured and compared to a reference range of values.

Abstract: Disclosed is a device for measuring the concentration of the particles contained in a fluid. The device comprises a control volume body having a predetermined effective volume. An inlet path is formed at an end of the control volume body to feed the fluid into the control volume body therethrough. An outlet path is formed at another end of the control volume body to discharge the fluid from the control volume body therethrough. Measuring instruments are provided at the inlet path and the outlet path to emit electrical signals when the fine particles pass through the inlet path and the outlet path. A computing machine receives the electrical signals transmitted from the measuring instruments, and then computes the number and the concentration of fine particles contained in the control volume body. The device is easily integrated with Micro-TAS (Total analysis System).

Abstract: Time-series data of piezoelectric resonator frequencies for each concentration of a substance to be absorbed is collectively displayed. An absorption start point of a substance to be absorbed is set in pieces of the time-series data. An editor combines and displays at least frequency variation regions in the data. The absorption start point setting is realized when an operator positions a pointer and clicks on the time-series data, or when an absorption start signal is output at the time when a solution is supplied.

Abstract: An in-liquid-substance detection sensor that achieves size reduction and detection accuracy improvement includes a piezoelectric substrate, at least two SAW devices provided on one major surface of the piezoelectric substrate and each having at least one IDT electrode defining a sensing portion, outer electrodes provided on the other major surface of the piezoelectric substrate and electrically connected to the SAW devices through vias extending through the piezoelectric substrate, a channel-defining member provided on the one major surface of the piezoelectric substrate so as to surround the SAW devices and a region connecting the SAW devices to each other, thereby defining sidewalls of a channel, and a protective member bonded to the one major surface of the piezoelectric substrate with the channel-defining member interposed therebetween, thereby sealing the channel, the protective member having at least two through holes communicating with the channel.

Abstract: A ball movement path measuring method includes the steps of: preparing an operating unit and a measurement unit, mounting the triaxial accelerometer in the object to be measured for enabling the triaxial accelerometer to define XYZ triaxial space coordinates, obtaining the data of a initial position of the XYZ axes at a first measuring time and the data of a reference position of the XYZ axes at a second measuring time and transmitting the obtained data to the operating unit, and comparing the reference position to the initial position and calculating the XYZ acceleration data, XYZ vector components of force and torsion force relative to each of XYZ axes after receipt of force subject to the contained angle between the coordinates data of the reference position and the coordinate data of the initial position and then using the XYZ acceleration data and the data of the weight and size of the object to calculate the force experienced by the object, initial velocity, flight duration, flight height, flight distan

Abstract: An example method of controlling gas turbine engine debris monitoring sensors includes detecting debris carried by air moving through an engine using at least first and second debris sensors, and processing signals from both the first and second debris sensors using a common signal conditioning unit. Another example method of monitoring gas turbine engine debris includes configuring at least one first debris sensor to detect debris carried by airflow moving through a first portion of an engine and configuring at least one second debris sensor to detect debris carried by airflow moving though a second portion of the engine. The method alternates between using the first debris sensor to detect debris and using the second debris sensor to detect debris.

Abstract: A method of detecting a misfire of an engine includes determining a range of sub-harmonic frequencies of one of a crankshaft sensor signal and an engine speed signal. The range of sub-harmonic frequencies is determined based on a fundamental frequency. The sub-harmonic frequencies are less than the fundamental frequency. Frequency content magnitudes are generated based on the range of the sub-harmonic frequencies and a Discrete Fourier Transform of at least one of the crankshaft sensor signal and an engine speed signal. An energy from velocity non-uniformity (EVN) signal is generated based on the frequency content magnitudes and the range of the sub-harmonic frequencies. The misfire is detected based on the EVN signal and a misfire threshold.

Abstract: A device for detecting a combustion chamber pressure of an internal combustion engine, in particular a gasoline engine. The device includes a sensor housing, the sensor housing being set up to be at least partially introduced into a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. At least one mechanical-electrical transducer element is accommodated inside the sensor housing, which is separated from the sensor housing by at least one sensor holder, in particular a sensor holder which at least partially encloses the mechanical-electrical transducer element. The sensor holder has an at least partially rigid design.

Abstract: Disclosed is an arrangement structure for a sensor to be mounted to an engine of a vehicle, wherein the engine is arranged in an engine compartment 2 of the vehicle in a posture allowing a crankshaft 8 of the engine to be oriented in a widthwise direction of the vehicle. The arrangement structure comprises a driveshaft 50 arranged along a vehicle-rearward lateral surface of the engine 1 facing in a rearward direction of the vehicle, to rotatably drive a front wheel, and a flange section 28a provided as a joining section between two members (12, 15) constituting the engine 1, to protrude in the rearward direction of the vehicle and at a height position below that of the driveshaft 50, wherein the sensor 42 is mounted to the vehicle-rearward lateral surface of the engine 1 at a height position located above the flange section 28a and in overlapping relation with the driveshaft 50 when viewed from a rear side of the vehicle.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to determine individually and accurately an ignitability index value and an evaporativity index value of a fuel. A fuel injection valve (12) for which a fuel injection direction is set such that fuel is directed toward a cylinder wall surface (54) is included. An air-fuel ratio (a first air-fuel ratio) of an exhaust gas and a crank angular velocity (a first crank angular velocity) during combustion associated with fuel injection at a first after injection timing T1 are acquired. An air-fuel ratio (a second air-fuel ratio) of the exhaust gas and a crank angular velocity (a second crank angular velocity) during combustion associated with fuel injection at a second after injection timing T2 that is retarded from the first after injection timing T1 are acquired.