Abstract: An atmospheric controlled chamber includes a support assembly capable of holding a workpiece over a specific surface of the support assembly, a heat-transfer assembly located close to the support assembly and capable of transferring heat to and from the exterior of the chamber, and at least one thermopile device disposed in the support assembly. The thermopile device(s) is configured to transfer heat between the specific surface (or viewed as the held workpiece) and the heat-transfer assembly. A gas assembly is optionally surrounded by the chamber wall and capable of ensuring the existence and controlling the pressure of an essentially static gas between the held workpiece and the specific surface, wherein the gas is used as a thermal medium for conducting heat. The thermopile device acts as an efficient heat pump, so as to provide extra lower/higher workpiece temperature, a greater cooling/heating rates, and more flexible rate control.

Abstract: A disclosed regenerative type refrigerator includes a cylinder expanding a refrigerant gas; a regenerator accumulating cold thermal energy and being provided inside the cylinder so as to be reciprocate inside the cylinder; a rotary drive portion generating driving force; a rotary member being rotated by the rotary drive portion; and a bearing member supporting the rotary member and including an inner wheel, an outer wheel, and two sealing members encapsulating a lubricant agent and being provided on sides of the outer wheel and the inner wheel, wherein the sealing members are fixed to one of the inner wheel member and the outer wheel member, and a gap is formed between the two sealing members and another one of the inner wheel member and the outer wheel member.

Abstract: A pump for conveying a cryogenic fluid from a tank into a container which is under a higher pressure. The pump includes a cylinder having a piston which defines a low-temperature chamber and a high-temperature chamber in the cylinder such that during a first stroke movement of the piston, the volume of the low-temperature chamber decreases and the volume of the high-temperature chamber increases correspondingly, and during a second stroke movement of the piston which runs in the opposite direction of the first stroke movement, the volume of the high-temperature chamber decreases and the volume of the low-temperature chamber increases correspondingly.

Abstract: A floating type LNG station floats on the sea and is used for refueling a ship or a marine structure using LNG. The floating LNG station comprises: a floating structure; an LNG tank which is prepared for storing LNG in the floating structure; an LNG line for discharging the LNG from the LNG tank to the ship or the marine structure; and an LNG pump which provides the LNG line with pumping force for discharging the LNG.

Abstract: Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is converted to a superheated fluid at a temperature greater than 5° C. by being passed under pressure through a train of first, second and third main heat exchange stages in series, in which the natural gas is heated by a circulating heat exchange fluid flowing in heat exchange circuits. The heat exchange fluid condenses in the first and second heat exchange stages and is partially vaporised in subsidiary heat exchangers which may be heated by sea water flowing in open cycle.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for increasing the enthalpy of a medium, in which energy is withdrawn from a first heat carrier (W) consisting of a first flue gas (5) and a second heat carrier (W) comprising water and flue gas and, in each case, is transmitted to the medium via indirect heat exchange, wherein a second flue gas (3) is injected into a water-containing system of matter for formation of the second heat carrier (W). The first heat carrier (9) that is cooled against the medium is used for formation of the second heat carrier (W).

Abstract: A cryopump comprises a cryopanel that cools and thus condenses or adsorbs gas, and a pump housing that contains the cryopanel. a regeneration process of the cryopump includes a basic purge process, an evacuation processes, and an optional purge process that is executed additionally if required. The optional purge process includes one or more gas purge steps. In a cryopump control apparatus that controls the cryopump, a deterioration evaluation unit determines whether a re-purge number, which is the total number of gas purge steps that are required to be executed in one regeneration process, reaches a deterioration evaluation criteria number.

Abstract: A vehicle includes an air conditioning system for conditioning intake air flowing into a vehicle interior. The air conditioning system has a primary heat exchanger in thermal communication with a drive unit via a coolant circuit, a compressor, and a secondary heat exchanger which is disposed jointly with the compressor in a refrigerant circuit. The secondary heat exchanger operates as a condenser in a heating mode of the air conditioning system and jointly with the primary heat exchanger gives off heat to the intake air. A control device controls operation of the refrigerant circuit in response to an input by a user. The control device includes an evaluation unit to carry out a comparison between a desired heat supply commensurate with the input by the user and a determined actual heat supply, and generates an output signal for operating the compressor in response to the comparison.

Abstract: A refrigeration cycle apparatus achieves efficient operation by constantly recovering power in a wide operating range. The refrigeration cycle apparatus regulates a pressure of a high pressure side by changing either one or both of an opening degree of the intermediate-pressure bypass valve and an opening degree of the pre-expansion valve on the basis of a density ratio that is obtained from an inflow refrigerant density of the expander and an inflow refrigerant density of the sub-compressor in an actual operating state and a design volume ratio that has been expected at the time of design and that is obtained from a stroke volume of the sub-compressor, a stroke volume of the expander, and a ratio of a flow rate of the refrigerant flowing to the sub-compressor.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus includes a conveying means which conveys a resin composition formed into a sheet shape along a direction parallel to a surface of the sheet-shaped resin composition and a cooling means which cools the resin composition being conveyed by the conveying means. A temperature of the resin composition just before being cooled by the cooling means is in the range of 40 to 60° C. and the cooling means has a cooling ability to cool the resin composition such that a cooling rate of the resin composition is in the range of 0.2 to 5° C./min. Further, the cooling means includes a fan section having at least one outlet port which discharges cooling air of which temperature is in the range of ?40 to 0° C. to the resin composition.

Abstract: Disclosed are an ice maker, a refrigerator having the ice maker, and a method for supplying ice of the refrigerator. When the ice making container is rotated, ice of the ice making container freefalls to be released, thus reducing the size of the ice maker and making a refrigerator slimmer. Also, since a partition wall is not provided on an inner circumferential surface of the ice making container, the roughness of the inner circumferential surface of the ice making container can be enhanced, and accordingly, heat can be evenly transferred from an ice releasing heater to reduce a generation amount of residual water. In addition, since ice can be released without using the ice releasing heater, power consumption can be reduced and residual water which can be generated in case of using the heater can be further reduced.

Abstract: Disclosed are an ice maker, a refrigerator having the ice maker, and a method for supplying ice of the refrigerator. An ice making container long in a vertical direction is installed on a side wall surface of a refrigerator door, makes ice, and pushes up the ice by screws to release the ice, whereby the size of the ice maker can be reduced, the area occupied by the ice maker can be reduced, and a refrigerator having the ice maker can become slimmer. Also, because an installation height of the ice maker is lowered to shorten a cold air supply path and prevent a loss in the process of supplying cold air to the ice making chamber. Also, because a cutting operation is performed simultaneously when the ice is lifted, a fabrication cost can be reduced and a defective state due to malfunction can be prevented.

Abstract: A pre-charged heating/cooling system is shown for installation by unlicensed personnel. An outside unit includes an outside coil, outside fan, compressor and a reversing valve. An inside unit has an inside coil, inside fan for drawing air through the inside coil and discharging the conditioned air into the enclosed space, and a power cord connection. A cable sheath contains all connections from the inside unit to the outside unit with electrical connections being secured in position on the outside unit by a cover and a bracket. An expandable window sill holds and seals the cable sheath in a window opening.

Abstract: Embodiments of apparatus, transport refrigeration units, and methods for operating the same can control defrost operations for a refrigerant vapor compression system. Embodiments can provide control for transitioning a refrigerant vapor compression system into and out of a defrost mode.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for and a method of controlling internal air circulation within a refrigerated transport container (1), the refrigerated transport container (1) comprising a cooling unit (40), and a control unit, where the cooling unit (40) comprises at least a compressor (6) and an evaporator (16) comprising one or more evaporator fans (10) wherein the method comprises the step of: controlling the operation of the one or more evaporator fans (10) based on one or more predetermined heat load related indicators during periods where the compressor (6) is inactive wherein the one or more evaporator fans (10) are controlled to increase internal air circulation when the one or more predetermined heat load related indicators indicate a heat load increase and wherein the one or more evaporator fans (10) are controlled to decrease internal air circulation when the one or more predetermined heat load related indicators indicate a heat load reduction.

Abstract: Embodiments of apparatus, transport refrigeration units, and methods for operating the same can control refrigerant compression device restart for a refrigerant vapor compression system. Embodiments can provide control for transitioning a refrigerant vapor compression system to an economized mode.

Abstract: A cooling tower includes an evaporator vessel, a gas delivery tube partially disposed within the evaporator vessel and a liquid inlet that provides liquid to the evaporator vessel. A weir is disposed within the evaporator vessel adjacent the gas delivery tube to form a first liquid circulation path between a first weir end and a wall of the evaporator vessel and a second fluid circulation path between a second weir end and another wall of the evaporator vessel. During operation, gas introduced through the tube mixes with the liquid and the combined gas and liquid flow at a high rate with a high degree of turbulence along the first and second circulation paths defined around the weir, thereby promoting vigorous mixing and intimate contact between the gas and the liquid. This turbulent flow leads to a more efficient and complete heat and mass transfer between the gas and the liquid.

Abstract: When a user thinks “Is it a malfunction?” and wants to relieve this doubt and worry, the user first pushes a menu button 83b on the remote control 80 and further pushes a minus button 83c or a plus button 83a to set the cursor on the “In a case such as . . . (inquiry menu)”. Here, when the set button 83e is pushed, two menu items, namely, “During heating operation . . . ” and “From the outdoor unit . . . ” are displayed. Further, when the set button 83e is pushed while the cursor is set to the “During heating operation . . . ”, “The horizontal flaps will be in a horizontal state at the start of operation, during defrosting, and when temperature has become above the set temperature. It is not a malfunction” is displayed on the display unit 82.

Abstract: Each time an operation state indicated by operation data measured during normal operation of a refrigerating and air-conditioning apparatus meets an operation data acquisition requirement, the operation data is acquired, and a process of calculating the amount of refrigerant in parts other than an extension pipe and an extension-pipe density on the basis of the acquired data is performed. The internal volume of the extension pipe is calculated on the basis of a group of calculation data items indicating calculations by the process. A standard refrigerant amount is calculated on the basis of the calculated extension-pipe internal volume and the acquired data. The total refrigerant amount in the refrigerant circuit is calculated on the basis of the calculated extension-pipe internal volume and current operation data and is compared to the standard refrigerant amount, thus determining whether the refrigerant is leaked.

Abstract: A heat pump system may include a cooling assembly disposed on a vehicle to circulate electric devices with coolant through a cooling line, wherein the cooling assembly includes a radiator disposed at a front side of the vehicle, uses a water pump to circulate coolant through the cooling line, and cools the supplied coolant through heat exchange with outside air, and a cooling fan that blows wind through the radiator, an air conditioning assembly connected to a refrigerant line connected to the cooling assembly to control heating and cooling, and a heat exchanger connected to the cooling line such that the coolant is circulated therein, selectively uses the waste heat generated from the electric devices according to modes to vary the temperature of the coolant, and is connected to the refrigerant line of the air conditioning assembly such that an inflow refrigerant exchanges heat with the coolant.

Abstract: An vehicular air-conditioner includes a refrigeration cycle including a compressor, an outside condenser, an interior condenser, an evaporator, an expansion valve, a bypass-path bypassing the outside condenser, a cooling path that circulates refrigerant through the outside condenser, a heating path that circulates refrigerant through the bypass-path, and a changeover valve that changes a refrigerant circulation path to one of the cooling and heating paths, a high-pressure detector that detects a high-pressure-side pressure of the refrigeration cycle, and a controller. The controller controls, upon a changeover command to a heating mode during a cooling mode, the changeover valve to change the refrigerant circulation path from the cooling path to the heating path after the high-pressure-side pressure detected by the high-pressure detector becomes equal-to/lower-than a target pressure.

Abstract: Embodiments of apparatus, transport refrigeration units, and methods for operating the same can control cooling capacity for a refrigerant vapor compression system. Embodiments can provide use discharge pressure control for modulating cooling capacity for a refrigerant vapor compression system. In one embodiment, discharge pressure control can reduce the cooling capacity without increasing the compressor pressure ratio or discharge temperature. In one embodiment, discharge pressure control can reduce the cooling capacity independently of system superheat. In one embodiment, discharge pressure control can control a compressor discharge temperature; for example, to remain below a threshold temperature.

Abstract: A vehicle air conditioner control system has an air conditioning device has a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, and an evaporator, a compressor running rate control device, a deceleration fuel cutoff executing device, and a fuel supply recovery executing device that cancels cutoff of fuel supply and recovers fuel supply at a higher vehicle speed during vehicle deceleration fuel cutoff period with air-conditioner ON than during vehicle deceleration fuel cutoff period with air-conditioner OFF. The compressor running rate control device increases the compressor running rate for a predetermined period just before a fuel supply recovery time with air-condition ON during the deceleration fuel cutoff period more than during non-execution of the deceleration fuel cutoff, and subsequently decreases the compressor running rate at or just before the fuel supply recovery time with air-condition ON equal to or less than during non-practice of the deceleration fuel cutoff.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a movable refrigerator including a main body travel driving unit configured to automatically rotate the wheel to move the main body and a main body travel switching unit configured to turn on or off the main body travel driving unit to automatically or manually move the main body. Accordingly, the user may suitably select and use automatic operation and manual operation according to the user's healthy condition, the environment of the used place, or the need of use, thereby greatly enhancing the use convenience of a movable refrigerator.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for condensing vapor in a gas. A cryogen, such as liquid nitrogen, may be provided into first and second coil sets in a condenser housing to cool the condensable vapor in the housing to condense the vapor into a liquid or solid form. The flow of cryogen in the first and second coil sets may be independently controlled, coils in the first and/or second coil sets may have a substantially equal length, and/or coils in the first and/or second coil sets may have uppermost portions that are located at a substantially equal height.

Abstract: Bracelet clasp (1) with a buckle (10) having strands carrying shouldered pins (6, 7) cooperating with eyes (8, 9) in the buckle, with two pushers (11, 12) antagonistic against springs, each controlling two bolts (15, 16; 17, 18). The first pusher (11) integrally drives a first bolt (15) opposite a first pin (6) and a second bolt (16) opposite a second pin (7), and the second pusher (12) independently drives a first bolt (17) opposite said first pin (6) and a second bolt (18) opposite said second pin (7), so that only the combined actuation of the two pushers (11, 12) drives all of the bolts (15, 16, 17, 18) through their entire release travel to release said pins (6, 7) and one of the bolts (17, 18) remains locked during insertion of a pin (6, 7) in an eye (8, 9).

Abstract: A bracelet comprising a body member having a locking aperture provided in one end of the body member and a locking piece formed by the locking aperture; a steel sheet spring fitted such that the proximal end is fastened to the inside of the other end of the body member and the distal end is pushed outwardly by the elasticity of the steel sheet spring; and a locking member in which the rear end is fastened to the distal end of the steel sheet spring, a locking protrusion projecting from the outer surface of the front end and engaging with the locking piece through the locking aperture from the inside to the outside thereof is formed, and a pressing piece projecting from the outer surface of the direct rear portion of the locking protrusion and exposed outwardly from the other end of the body member.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing glass ribbon comprises a plurality of cooling coils positioned along a cooling axis of the apparatus extending transverse to a draw direction. The cooling coils are configured to control a transverse temperature profile of the glass ribbon along a cooling axis. Each cooling coil can be fabricated from at least one tube and configured to circulate fluid to remove heat from the cooling coil. In further examples, methods of producing a glass ribbon include the step of controlling a transverse temperature profile of the glass ribbon along a width of the glass ribbon. The step of controlling the temperature profile includes selectively removing heat from at least one of a plurality of cooling coils positioned along the cooling axis.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for manufacturing a vitreous silica crucible, which is capable of stably manufacturing a high quality vitreous silica crucible by stabilizing heat generation through an arc discharge. The apparatus for manufacturing a vitreous silica crucible includes a mold that defines a shape of a vitreous silica crucible, carbon electrodes that generate an arc discharge for fusing a silica powder molded body formed in the mold, and a power supply device that supplies power to the carbon electrodes. The power supply device includes a saturable reactor that is provided on a supply path of the power to the carbon electrodes and has variable reactance, and a control device that controls the power supplied to the carbon electrodes by changing the reactance of the saturable reactor.

Abstract: A glass composition, characterized in that it is selected from the group consisting of: a glass composition (A) with the following molar percentages: 70 to 76% of SiO2, 7 to 8% of B2O3, 5 to 6% of Al2O3, and 10 to 17% of Na2O; and a glass composition (B) with the following molar percentages: 63 to 76% of SiO2, 5 to 12% of ZrO2, 0 to 12% of B2O3, 0 to 2% of La2O3, 11 to 14% of Na2O, and 3 to 5% of K2O. The glass composition can be used in a method for assembling parts, in particular for a method of manufacturing high-temperature electrolyzers (HTEs) or high-temperature fuel cells (SOFCs).

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a sealed structure with excellent hermeticity and a method of manufacturing a light-emitting device sealed with the sealed structure. In the methods of manufacturing a sealed structure and a light-emitting device using a glass frit layer, a first step of forming a buffer layer for preventing a crack generated in a substrate and the glass frit layer by laser light irradiation, a second step of forming the glass frit layer to overlap with the buffer layer over the substrate, and a third step of welding the substrates by irradiating the glass frit layer or the buffer layer with laser light are performed, whereby a sealed structure with high hermeticity and a reliable light-emitting device sealed with the sealed structure can be manufactured. By applying the method of manufacturing a light-emitting device especially to an organic EL element, a highly reliable light-emitting device can be obtained.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for a glass roll includes drawing a glass film downward vertically from a forming device, converting a delivery direction of the glass film from a vertical direction to a horizontal direction, continuously delivering the glass film to a downstream side by a horizontal conveyance section, and rolling the glass film into a roll shape on a downstream side of the horizontal conveyance section. While the glass film is supported in surface contact by an endless belt serving as a support section, which is provided in the horizontal conveyance section, a rolling force equal to or less than a static friction force, which is generated by a self-weight of the glass film between the glass film and the endless belt, is imparted to the glass film.

Abstract: A device for contracting a hollow substrate tube made of quartz glass into an optical perform including a heat source movable relative to the longitudinal direction of the substrate tube and an insert tube positioned in the interior of the substrate tube, at one end thereof, provided with a central opening through which a gas is passed and supplied to the interior of the substrate tube.

Abstract: An article of footwear has an upper that includes a knitted component and a sole structure secured to the upper. The knitted component may define a tube formed of unitary knit construction, and a strand may extend through a length of the tube. As another example, the knitted component may have a pair of at least partially coextensive knitted layers formed of unitary knit construction, and a plurality of floating yarns may extend between the knitted layers. In some configurations, the knit type or yarn type may vary in different regions of the knitted component to impart different properties. Additionally, the knitted component may incorporate a thermoplastic yarn that is fused in different regions of the knitted component to impart different properties. A flat knitting process or a variety of other knitting processes may be utilized to form the knitted component.

Abstract: A security device for protecting a merchandise item against theft typically includes a pair of clamping members, a cable extending between the clamping members, and a tightening mechanism for tightening the cable to cause the clamping members to move toward one another and clamp onto the merchandise item. One of the clamping members typically serves as a housing containing the tightening mechanism, which may include a spool, a lock slide for releasably securing the spool and a locking mechanism for releasably securing the lock slide. The locking mechanism may be unlocked with a magnetic key. The security device is typically configured to set off an alarm upon tampering or attempted removal of the item and security device from a store.

Abstract: A lock for securing a bipod against theft, which may include a base, and first and second locking members each connected to the base. The first and second locking members are shaped and designed to lock one or more of the following parts of the bipod to a rigid object: a front wheel, a rear wheel, and a frame. In a preferred embodiment, the locking members include elongated loops, such as elongated arch-shaped members, which are preferably nestable for ease of transportation and storage, and whose distal ends may be removably connected to the base. One or more of the distal ends of the locking members may be permanently attached to the base, so that the locking mechanism may be transported and stored as a single unit. The locking members can preferably pivot relative to the base.

Abstract: A process for the production of an acoustic treatment panel that includes an acoustically resistive layer (24), at least one alveolar structure (26), and a reflective layer (28), as well as at least one channel that is bordered at least in part by a wall (32) that is secant with at least one wall of a cell of the alveolar structure (26), includes elevating the temperature of the wall (32) and the ends of the cells of the alveolar structure (26) and injecting a pressurized gas into the channel (30) so as to expand the wall (32) of the channel so as to flatten it against the ends of the cells of the alveolar structure (26) in such a way as to produce a weld by continuous diffusion between the ends of the walls of the cells of the alveolar structure (26) and the wall (32) of the channel (30).

Abstract: It is a primary object of the present invention to provide a pre-stressed rolling mill which has the advantages of a conventional mono-block mill housing and utilizes a standard Cluster mill gauge eccentric bearing gauge control system. It is highly desirable to have a rolling mill with a low cost mill housing design, a high mill stiffness, a simplified gauge control system, a capacity for multiple work roll ranges, and satisfactory side to side tilting. Such a mill is capable of operating satisfactorily as a commercial temper mill and a commercial cold mill.

Abstract: A ductmaking apparatus bends a metal web to form a duct blank having a lock seam with male and female portions. Prior to shearing off the duct blank, the apparatus bends the web to form a lock tab that secures the lock seam during subsequent handling of the duct blank.

Abstract: In a first aspect, a method for producing a strip from a web material using a follow-on and/or transfer method, wherein the strip to be produced has a first length of 20 cm or more in the longitudinal direction and has a U-shaped cross section, wherein the U-shaped cross section has an opening width of 6 mm or less and extends in the longitudinal direction in a first curvature and a second curvature, wherein the centre point of the first curvature lies to the side of a limb of the U-shaped cross section and the centre point of the second curvature lies above or below an opening in the U-shaped cross section.

Abstract: A forged product having thick end parts, and a thin part between the thick parts, is formed by extruding a forging stock such that the cross section of the forging stock varies along the direction of extrusion, wherein in any cross section in a direction perpendicular to the direction of extrusion, the forging stock has two thick end parts, a thin part intermediate the end parts and transitional parts with varying thickness between the thin part and each of the thick end parts; cutting the forging stock in the direction perpendicular to the direction of extrusion to form cut portions; and forging each of the cut portions such that the thick end parts of the cut portions form the thick end parts of the forged product and the thin part of the cut portions forms the thin part of the forged product.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a sheet metal stamping device and methods for reducing the size of a blank required for producing a stamped part therefrom than is conventionally possible. The device utilizes an intermediate clamp section with projections having clamping formations located thereon which complement clamping formations located on a first die section. The intermediate clamp section projections allow for the use of a smaller blank size as less addendum material is required to secure the blank during the stamping process. The blank is secured using the intermediate clamp section and the first die section prior to the second die section engaging the blank to stamp the part. In some embodiments, retention beads resultant from the clamping process may remain in the stamped part, that being inside a trim line. Furthermore, in some embodiments, a blank shifter may be provided to locate the blank between the die sections prior to clamping.

Abstract: A pressing-shaping method for manufacturing a circular cooling base for being embedded with fins and a mold used in the method are disclosed. The method includes providing a blank ingot that has a first surface, a second surface, and a lateral circular surface encircling the rims of the first and second surfaces. The method further includes using a mold to press the blank ingot to cause the first surface of the blank ingot to indent inward to form a groove, and to cause a plurality of clipping grooves to be formed on the lateral circular surface of the blank ingot through extrusion. As a result, the blank ingot is shaped into the circular cooling base for being embedded with fins.

Abstract: A building element (10) is formed from sheet material having opposite major surfaces (11, 12) that extend between longitudinal edges (13, 14). Margins of the sheet adjacent the longitudinal edges are turned out of a mid-plane of the sheet to form opposite profiled sections (15 and 16). The major surfaces (11, 12) of the building element have different surface characteristics, and one profiled section has one of the major surfaces as its outer surface, and the other profiled section has the other major surface as its outer surface.

Abstract: A compensated gas detector incorporates first and second pellistors combined with first and second resistors and an intervening switch. Control circuits can close the switch for normal gas detection. The switch can be opened to carry out diagnostic measurements. A compensation coefficient can be established in order to compensate outs from the pellistors due to mechanical damage thereto.

Abstract: In one aspect, testing apparatus for ultrasound transducers comprising arrays of transducing elements are described herein. In some embodiments, a test apparatus for an ultrasound transducer having a curved transducing element array comprises a block of material permitting propagation of an acoustic signal generated by the transducer, the block of material comprising a transducer receiving surface and a second surface in facing opposition to the receiving surface and forming an acoustically reflective interface with a medium, the second surface comprising a curvature having a center similar to or substantially similar to the center of curvature of the transducer element array when the transducer is coupled to the receiving surface.

Abstract: A blunt impact test apparatus includes an apparatus frame having track rails for positioning proximate the test structure; a track angle positioning mechanism engaging the track rails to control a slope of the track rails; and an impact cart adapted to roll on the track rails.

Abstract: A system and method of detecting a degraded head gasket in an engine. The detection of a combustible product in the coolant of a cooling system for the engine is used to indicate a degraded head gasket. The combustible product detection is facilitated by deaerating the engine coolant in a dearating tank. Gases extracted from the coolant in the deaerating tank are sampled and detected by a combustible product sensor, which outputs a signal if the combustible product is detected.

Abstract: Some embodiments are directed to a photoacoustic sensor. The photoacoustic sensor may comprise: a gas cell with an opening; a light source to generate to radiate a sample gas within the gas cell; an optical microphone to detect the sample gas within the gas cell; and a membrane aligned with the opening of the gas cell to permit sample gas to enter the gas cell. The optical microphone includes a semiconducting laser. The semiconducting laser includes a p-n junction within a cavity of the semiconducting laser. The optical microphone further includes a pressure-sensitive membrane that receives coherent light emitted from the semiconducting laser and directs reflected light back toward the semiconducting laser. During operation of the optical microphone, the pressure-sensitive membrane flexes in response to acoustic pressure waves. The phase of the reflected light is dependent upon a distance of the pressure-sensitive membrane from an aperture of the semiconducting laser.

Abstract: Provided is a method for classifying a powder using a classifier, wherein the method comprises: a mixing step for mixing a powder and an auxiliary agent formed from an alcohol aqueous solution containing 10 to 50 mass % of an alcohol; an introduction step for introducing the powder mixed in the mixing step to the classifier; a heating step for heating a gas; a feed step for feeding the gas heated in the heating step to the classifier; and a classifying step for classifying the powder in the classifier on the basis of grain size.