Abstract: An optical system (100) for following ocular movements of an individual includes: an acquisition module (190) designed so as to acquire an image (Im) of the two eyes (22, 22d, 22g) of the individual, an optical element of transmission (110d, 110g), to the acquisition module, of two images (lm_d, lm_g) of respectively each eye which together correspond to a discontinuous region (24d, 24g) of the face, by multiple reflections along two optical routes (TOd, TOg) devoid of any semireflecting mirror. The optical routes further include optical input paths (114d, 114g) opposite respectively each eye, which are parallel to one another and to an optical axis (Z) of the acquisition module, and the optical element of transmission is configured so as to bring the two images closer together so that the acquisition module acquires the two images simultaneously.

Abstract: An ophthalmic apparatus includes an optical system configured to illuminate a subject's eye with light generated by a light source, a first reflection portion including a reflection surface for reflecting the light generated by the light source and a transmission portion, and a light amount detection unit configured to detect an amount of light generated by the light source via the transmission portion. The first reflection portion is disposed in a direction opposite to a direction of the light generated by the light source toward the subject's eye.

Abstract: An ophthalmologic apparatus includes an integration unit configured to integrate a light emission amount of a light source for illuminating a subject's eye, a comparison unit configured to compare an integration value by the integration unit with a first reference value, and an initialization unit configured to initialize the integration value if the integration value exceeds the first reference value as the comparison result by the comparison unit.

Abstract: In exemplary implementations, this invention is a tool for subjective assessment of the visual acuity of a human eye. A microlens or pinhole array is placed over a high-resolution display. The eye is brought very near to the device. Patterns are displayed on the screen under some of the lenslets or pinholes. Using interactive software, a user causes the patterns that the eye sees to appear to be aligned. The software allows the user to move the apparent position of the patterns. This apparent motion is achieved by pre-warping the position and angle of the ray-bundles exiting the lenslet display. As the user aligns the apparent position of the patterns, the amount of pre-warping varies. The amount of pre-warping required in order for the user to see what appears to be a single, aligned pattern indicates the lens aberration of the eye.

Abstract: An ophthalmologic apparatus including a measurement unit configured to measure a subject's eye, a sliding substrate configured to slide the measurement unit with respect to a base via a guide shaft, a plurality of shaft guide members provided on the base and configured to guide the guide shaft in an axial direction thereof, and an inclination reduction unit provided between the plurality of shaft guide members and configured to reduce inclination of the guide shaft with respect to the base.

Abstract: A projector includes a light source, a first light separation optical system adapted to separate light emitted from the light source into first light and second light, a second light separation optical system adapted to separate the first light into third light and fourth light, separate the second light into fifth light and sixth light, and emit the third light, the fourth light, the fifth light, and the six light in directions intersecting with a plane including a light axis of the light emitted from the light source and a light axis of the first light, and a light modulation element which the third light, the fourth light, the fifth light, and the sixth light enter.

Abstract: There is provided a circular disc-shaped rotary wheel comprising a luminescent light emitting area in which a luminescent material is provided along a circumferential edge of the circular disc shape, an annular step portion which is formed at a different level from a reference plane which is a surface where the luminescent light emitting area is formed, and a balance correction material which is placed at the annular step portion, wherein the balance correction material is placed at the annular step portion so as to even a rotational balance when the rotary wheel is rotated.

Abstract: An image projecting device for projecting an image on a screen is provided. The image projecting device includes a toppling detecting part that detects a toppling of the image projecting device; a toppling direction detecting part that detects a direction in which the image projecting device topples; and a controlling part that controls the image projecting device such that the image projecting device continues to project the image if the toppling detecting part detects the toppling of the image projecting device and the toppling direction detected by the toppling direction detecting part is directed toward the screen, while the image projecting device stops projecting the image if the toppling direction detected by the toppling direction detecting part is directed away from the screen.

Abstract: The present speckle reduction device comprises an optical element intended to be passed through by the coherent light beam to be treated. It also includes means able to cause heating of the said optical element; and a cooling element coupled to the said optical element so as to be able to cool the latter. A control module is configured to control the heating means and the cooling element so as to create thermal perturbations in the optical element, causing corresponding variations in the refractive index of the said optical element. The optical element is a piezoelectric crystal which is excited in a specific deformation mode causing its heating.

Abstract: A light source apparatus includes a discharge lamp including a light-emitting container having a cavity in which a discharge medium is enclosed, and a pair of electrodes disposed such that respective tip portions thereof oppose each other in the cavity, and a driving unit that supplies a driving current to the pair of electrodes. The driving current is generated by modulating amplitude of alternating current having a frequency not lower than 1 kHz and not higher than 10 GHz, such that a first section and a second section in which the amplitude is smaller than in the first section are alternately repeated.

Abstract: The present invention includes light valve section (10) having a plurality of shutter mechanisms (14) that switch between a transmitting state and a shading state of light emitted from light emitting element (25); and substrate (16) through which light that exits plurality of shutter mechanisms (14) is transmitted. The display element also has plasmon coupling section (11) that causes plasmon coupling to occur with light that exits the light valve section (10). Plasmon coupling section (11) includes carrier generation layer (17) that generates carriers with incident light that exits light valve section (10), plasmon excitation layer (19) that has a higher plasma frequency than the frequency of light that is generated in carrier generation layer (17) excited with the light emitted from light emitting element (25), and wave number vector conversion layer (22) that converts the light or surface plasmons generated in plasmon excitation layer (19) into light having a predetermined exit angle.

Abstract: A light modulation device side lens group has different power in the longitudinal and lateral directions and different magnifications in the longitudinal and lateral directions. Therefore, it is possible to make the aspect ratio of an image of the liquid crystal panel different from the aspect ratio of an image projected on a screen. That is, conversion can be performed on an aspect ratio which is a ratio of width to height using the optical projection system. At this time, a distance p and a distance p? between a diaphragm and the screen SC side end surface of the light modulation device side lens group satisfies predetermined conditional expressions, so it is possible to achieve a predetermined or higher telecentricity in both states, that is, a first operating state and a second operating state.

Abstract: A projection apparatus with locking structure includes an apparatus case including a main casing, a lid and at least one locking structure at the main casing and the lid, a light source, a light valve and a lens. The structure includes a slot having two opposite ends at the casing, at-least one elastic arm in the slot and at-least one positioning pillar at the lid. When the lid covers the main casing and the pillar extends into the first end, by rotating the lid relatively to the main casing, the pillar moves along the slot to the second end; when the pillar is at the second end, the elastic arm limits the pillar at the second end. The light source is for providing an illumination beam. The light valve and lens are for respectively converting the illumination beam into an image beam and the image beam into a projection beam.

Abstract: A method and a device are described for producing copies/replica of a volume reflection hologram wherein a holographic film (4) is guided over a drum with polygon cross-section having at least two planar (polygon) master surfaces (3) to each of which at least one master (7) is attached in the circumferential direction, where the film is brought into contact with at least one master hologram (7) and its entire surface is exposed to laser. It is essential that to at least one of the master surfaces (5) with the film guided over it, a laser exposure unit (22) is assigned which allows full exposure of the respective master surface to parallel, coherent laser beams (6), and that the at least one exposure unit (22) follows section wise the rotational movement of the drum by a splitting angle with equal velocity and exposes the corresponding master surface (5) to then be reset quickly again and perform the same angular displacement and exposure together with the next master surface.

Abstract: Disclosed is a focus detection apparatus for a projection lithography system. The apparatus comprises: a laser; a focus optical unit configured to focusing the emitted laser beam; a force detection unit configured to reflect the focused laser beam at the backside; a position detection unit configured to detect variations in position of a light spot formed by the reflected laser beam, and output a strength signal indicating the strength of the interaction force between the force detection unit and the object; a differential amplifier configured to output a Z-direction differential signal based on the strength signal and a reference signal; a Z-direction feedback control unit configured to perform feedback control; and a scan signal generator configured to output a signal for controlling the movement of the stage in the XY plane. The focus detection apparatus has high precision, efficiency and process applicability.

Abstract: To perform high-speed and highly accurate measurement by setting desired measuring conditions for each measuring object. In an alignment sensor of exposure apparatus, in the case of performing position measurement for a plurality of sample shots, measurement is performed by changing the measuring conditions, in response to a measuring axis direction, a mark or a layer whereupon a mark to be measured exists. At that time, for the measuring objects to be measured under the same measuring conditions, for example, a position in a Y axis direction and a position in an X axis direction, measurement is continuously performed. When the measuring condition is changed, a baseline value is remeasured. The changeable measuring conditions are wavelength of measuring light, use and selection of a retarder, NA and ? of an optical system, a light quantity of measuring light, illumination shape, signal processing algorithm, etc.

Abstract: A collector transfers an emission of an EUV radiation source to a main intensity spot. The collector has at least one collector subunit including at least one grazing incidence mirror. The grazing incidence mirror transfers EUV radiation from the radiation source to an intensity spot. At least one ellipsoid mirror of the collector has an ellipsoidal mirror surface. The ellipsoidal mirror surface is impinged by an angle of incidence above a critical grazing incidence angle. No more than one collector subunit is arranged in the beam path of an EUV radiation source between a position of the EUV radiation source and the intensity spot. At least some of the EUV rays are only reflected in a grazing manner.

Abstract: A part of exposure beam through a liquid via a projection optical system enters a light-transmitting section, enters an optical member without passing through gas, and is focused. The exposure apparatus receives the exposure light from the projection optical system to perform various measurements even if the numerical aperture of the projection optical system increases.

Abstract: An effective region of the light-sensitive film to be exposed is divided in a radial direction of the substrate, into at least a first region, and a second region adjacent to the first region and provided at more outer peripheral side of the substrate than the first region, and a third region adjacent to the second region and provided at more outer peripheral side of the substrate than the second region, and the rotational speed of the substrate is varied during electron beam exposure of the second region, under a condition that the linear speed of the substrate is kept to be constant at the irradiation position of the electron beam; and the rotational speed of the substrate is varied during electron beam exposure of the first region and the third region, under a condition that the linear speed of the substrate is set to be slower respectively than the linear speed used in the second region.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus that transfers a pattern provided along a predetermined cylindrical surface onto a substrate while rotating the pattern in a circumferential direction of the cylindrical surface is provided, which includes a first projection optical system that projects an image of a first partial pattern of the pattern which is disposed in a first area of the cylindrical surface onto a first projection area, a second projection optical system that projects an image of a second partial pattern of the pattern which is disposed in a second area different from the first area onto a second projection area different from the first projection area, and a guide device that guides the substrate to the first projection area and the second projection area in synchronization with a rotation of the pattern in the circumferential direction.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for performing biometric determinations using optical spectroscopy of tissue. The biometric determinations that are disclosed include determination or verifications of identity, estimation of age, estimation of sex, determination of sample liveness and sample authenticity. The apparatuses disclosed are based upon discrete light sources such as light emitting diodes, laser diodes, vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, and broadband sources with multiple narrow-band optical filters. The multiple light sources are encoded in a manner that the tissue response for each source can be efficiently measured. The light sources are spaced at multiple distances from a detector to contribute differing information to the biometric determination task as do light sources with different wavelength characteristics.

Abstract: An analysis device, having a sample container unit (1) comprising: a sample container (2) for receiving a substantially liquid sample and marking the particles contained in the sample, having a cap (3) for fluid-tight closure of the sample container (2); a measuring cell unit (4), which is in fluidic communication with the sample container (2) via an outlet (43), which measuring cell unit has a liquid-conducting channel (49), at least one wall of which channel is embodied as at least partially transparent; a carrier unit (10), which has means for contactlessly transporting and/or concentrating marked particles contained in the sample fluid; and an optical unit (20) for spectroscopic and/or microscopic detection of the marked particles, having at least one light source (19, 21) for excitation of the marked particles in the sample.

Abstract: An apparatus measuring optical characteristics including position detection is disclosed. A processor is coupled to a display. A first optical sensor makes a first measurement, and a second optical sensor makes a second measurement. A source of illumination and the first optical sensor determine a minimal distance between the apparatus and an external object such that illumination emitted by the source is not received by the first optical sensor when the apparatus is less than the minimal distance from the external object. A position of the apparatus with respect to an object and an optical property of light received by the apparatus are determined. A transparent member with a thickness less than the minimal distance may provide illumination external to the apparatus and receive light from external to the apparatus.

Abstract: A system for detecting the presence of an analyte in a moving substrate or sample handling device is disclosed, providing means (26,30) for integrated triggering of data acquisition with a detector means (28) and data acquisition with a detector means (28). In particular, a surface Plasmon resonance “lab on disk” reader system is disclosed.

Abstract: A detector sequentially detects intensity distribution of transmitted light which is transmitted through a center portion of a preform. A determining section determines at least one of a position of a through hole and a size thereof on the basis of a time series of a feature value in the intensity distribution.

Abstract: The spot shape of a laser beam is detected by moving a table holding a detection substrate having a luminescent substance in an X direction and a Y direction with a laser beam focused by a lens applied to an area of the detection substrate where the luminescent substance is located. The intensity of light emitted from the luminescent substance is detected during the movement of the table, and a light intensity map is prepared indicating the light intensities detected in the light intensity detecting step at all of the X and Y coordinates of the luminescent substance. Spot shape images of the laser beam are formed according to a plurality of light intensity maps obtained by positioning the focusing lens at a plurality of detection positions changed in a Z direction perpendicular to a holding surface of the table.

Abstract: A wavefront aberration measuring apparatus comprising: an illumination optical system provided to an incident side of a test lens; and a measuring optical system provided to an exit side of the test lens, the illumination optical system including an aperture stop capable of being opened and closed, and the illumination optical system being movable along an optical axis of the illumination optical system so as to adjust positions of the aperture stop and an entrance pupil of the test lens to have an optically conjugate relation with each other. Accordingly, it becomes possible to provide a wavefront aberration measuring apparatus capable of suppressing errors in measured result.

Abstract: In an eccentricity measuring method according to the present invention, a first position of a light source image formed by reflection at one optical surface is measured (S2), a predetermined second position related to another optical surface is measured (S3), and a relative eccentricity between both optical surfaces is calculated based on the first and second positions (S5). Therefore, the eccentricity measuring method enables measurement of eccentricity by a same measurement optical system regardless of a radius of curvature of an optical surface of an optical element.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and method which enable detecting a microscopic defect sensitively by efficiently collecting and detecting scattering light from a defect in a wider region without enlarging the apparatus. In the apparatus for inspecting a defect on a surface of a sample, including illumination means which irradiates a surface of a sample with laser, reflected light detection means which detects reflected light from the sample, and signal processing means which processes a detected signal and detecting a defect on the sample, the reflected light detection means is configured to include a scattering light detection unit which collects scattering light components of the reflected light from the sample by excluding specularly reflected light components by using an aspheric flannel lens and detecting the scattering light components.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and method which enable detecting a microscopic defect sensitively by efficiently collecting and detecting scattering light from a defect in a wider region without enlarging the apparatus. In the apparatus for inspecting a defect on a surface of a sample, including illumination means which irradiates a surface of a sample with laser, reflected light detection means which detects reflected light from the sample, and signal processing means which processes a detected signal and detecting a defect on the sample, the reflected light detection means is configured to include a scattering light detection unit which collects scattering light components of the reflected light from the sample by excluding specularly reflected light components by using an aspheric flannel lens and detecting the scattering light components.

Abstract: A microfluidic system may include an image sensor integrated circuit containing image sensor pixels. A channel containing a fluid with particles such as cells may be formed on top of the image sensor. Flow control components may be mounted to the image sensor integrated circuit for controlling the flow of fluids through the channel. The flow control components may include a chemically powered pump. The chemical pump may include one or more chambers and a valve between the chambers. The valve may be operable to allow chemical reactants stored in the chambers to be mixed to produce gasses for generating pressure in the channel. The pressure in the channel may be used to control the flow of the fluid. As the fluid and particles flow through the channel, the image sensor pixels may be used to capture images of the particles.

Abstract: Provided is a wavelength distribution measuring apparatus (24), which includes a diffuser plate (52) for dispersing light beams radiated from an object to be measured (11) and a light beam homogenizing optical element (53) for reflecting, by the side surface (53b), at least part of the light beams dispersed by the diffuser plate (52) so that the light beams approximate to the direction of the perpendicular of a light receiving surface and also for guiding the light beams to the light receiving surface, and an optical receiver (56) including a plurality of light receiving elements for detecting the light beams, the light receiving elements being different from one another in spectral sensitivity characteristic. With this configuration, substantially parallel light beams radiated from the object to be measured (11) are homogenized at the light receiving surface including the periphery of the light receiving surface.

Abstract: The multi-micro hollow cathode light source has a cathode plate, an insulation plate, an anode plate, and metal pieces. The insulation plate is sandwiched by the cathode plate and the anode plate. The cathode plate is made of copper. The centers of the cathode plate, insulation plate, and anode plate, are provided with holes, respectively. The holes form a penetrating though-hole. Linear slots are disposed in the cathode plate continuously extending from the hole in a cross shape. Each slot penetrates the cathode plate. Four metal pieces made of materials different from one another are inserted and buried in the four slots.

Abstract: A self-arranging, luminescence-enhancement device 101 for surface-enhanced luminescence. The self-arranging, luminescence-enhancement device 101 for surface-enhanced luminescence includes a substrate 110, and a plurality 120 of flexible columnar structures. A flexible columnar structure 120-1 of the plurality 120 includes a flexible column 120-1A, and a metallic cap 120-1B coupled to the apex 120-1 C of the flexible column 120-1A. At least the flexible columnar structure 120-1 and a second flexible columnar structure 120-2 are configured to self-arrange into a close-packed configuration with at least one molecule 220-1 disposed between at least the metallic cap 120-1B and a second metallic cap 120-2B of respective flexible columnar structure 120-1 and second flexible columnar structure 120-2.

Abstract: An imaging assembly for a spectrometer includes a substrate with first and second modules thereon containing respective arrays of detector elements positioned so the arrays are elongated along a first axis with a gap therebetween. A third module including a third array of detector elements is also thereon, spaced from the first axis, at least as long as the gap, and smaller than the elongation of either of the first or second arrays. Further thereon are first and second slits elongated along a second axis spaced from and generally parallel to the first axis, each being at least as long as the respective arrays. A third slit at least as long as the gap is also therein, spaced from the first axis, second axis, and third array such that the gap, third slit, and third array are generally along a third axis generally perpendicular to the first and second axis.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting gas concentrations includes a coded filter to oscillate proximate a resonant frequency. A photo detector is positioned below the coded filter such that the coded filter selectively blocks light that is directed at the photo detector. Optics are positioned to project spectral information on to the coded filter. A processor analyzes a signal received from the photo detector. The processor is adapted to weight a harmonic attic signal.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for a correction filter that may be configured to comprise a predetermined arrangement of thin film layers. This arrangement of thin film layers may be such that it effectively enables a correction filter to generate a predetermined spectral response, wherein said predetermined spectral response is substantially the same as a determined instrument response correction associated with an instrument. The invention of the present disclosure therefore provides for effectively compensating for transmission inefficiencies associated with an instrument without the need for separate reference measurements to determine and correct for instrument response.

Abstract: A spectrometer recognizes a measurement target on the basis of the spectral data set of observed light detected by a spectral sensor capable of measuring wavelength information and light intensity information. The spectrometer is provided with a spectral data processor. Spectral data sets are detected at two different positions by the spectral sensor, and the processor subtracts a first spectral data set from a second spectral data set, or divides the first spectral data set by the second spectral data set to calculate one phase correlation spectral data set, which is correlated to the spectral data sets at the two different positions. The processor simultaneously identifies the measurement target corresponding to the two different positions on the basis of the correlation spectral data set.

Abstract: A luminous unit for an optical gas detector, an optical gas detector including the luminous unit, and a method of recording an absorption spectrum in an optical gas detector include a light source for linearly polarised light radiation and a housing with an exit window. A wavelength of the light radiation radiated from the light source is tunable. The light source is arranged in the housing such that the main emission direction (OA) of the light source encloses an inclination angle (?) of between 10° and 50° with a normal (N) to the main extension plane (HE) of the exit window. The direction of polarisation (P) of the light radiation encloses a rotation angle (?) of between 22.5° and 67.5° with the plane of incidence on the exit window.

Abstract: A system and method for determining a state of a traffic signal. In one embodiment, a traffic signal state detector includes a lens, a color sensor, and a processor. The color sensor is configured to identify a plurality of colors of light directed to the color sensor by the lens, and a field of view of the color sensor is restricted based on dimensions of a traffic signal. The processor is coupled to the color sensor. The processor is configured to determine a color of light emitted by the traffic signal based on the colors of light identified by the color sensor.

Abstract: A method of measuring energy expenditure in a living subject comprises: (a) administering a specified dose of doubly-labeled water (2H218O) to a living subject; (b) obtaining samples at three or more times of body water from the living subject; (c) measuring 2H/1H, 17O/16O and 18O/16O ratios in each of the obtained samples using optical spectroscopy; and (d) determining (1) a combined value of flux of body water and exhaled carbon dioxide from a change in measured 18O/16O over time, (2) a value of flux of body water alone from a change in measured 2H/1H over time, and (3) a reference value of isotopic background fluctuation from a change in measured 17O/16O over time. Using 17O measurements to estimate background fluctuations of the 2H and 18O decreases the required isotope dosing of subjects or decreases uncertainty at current dosing levels.

Abstract: Technologies are generally described for providing and using a material including: a template molecule; a first cluster of one or more nanoparticles located at a first site on the template molecule; and a second cluster of one or more nanoparticles located at a second site on the template molecule and spaced apart from the first cluster. In some embodiments, the first and second clusters of nanoparticles exhibit a plasmon resonance having a first resonant peak and a second resonant peak.

Abstract: A filter includes a fixed substrate, a movable substrate opposed to the fixed substrate, a first reflection film provided on a surface of the fixed substrate facing the movable substrate, a second reflection film provided on the movable substrate and opposed to the first reflection film across a gap, a first electrode provided on the surface of the fixed substrate facing the movable substrate, a second electrode provided on the movable substrate and opposed to the first electrode, bonding parts provided on opposing surfaces of the fixed and movable substrates and bonding the fixed substrate to the movable substrate, and a groove part provided in at least one of the opposing surfaces, and the gap is in communication with an exterior of the filter via the groove part.

Abstract: An Optical Parametric Oscillator (OPO) capable of rapid or broadband frequency tuning by non-mechanical or mechanical means includes a resonant cavity with one or more non-linear crystals in an optical path thereof. The non-linear crystals may be driven by actuators. A pump laser pulse is transmitted into the resonant cavity with one or more seed beams having a desired wavelength. The output beam from the resonant cavity may have the same center wavelength as the one or more seed beams which may be modulated at a frequency larger than that of the pump laser, or the inverse of the pulse duration. The OPO may be used in Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) or Differential Absorption LIDAR (DIAL) analysis by intra-pulse modulation of output to measure absorption at multiple frequencies for each pulse of a pump beam. Sum Frequency Generator configurations may be suitable for narrow and broadband UV generation.

Abstract: A measuring assembly for measuring an inside of a lens frame of a spectacle frame, said lens frame at least partially delimiting an inscribed surface area F that corresponds to a lens shape, comprising a holding device for mounting the spectacle frame, at least one light source for generating a light beam to be projected on a region of the lens frame to be evaluated, and at least one sensor that can be coupled to an evaluation unit for detecting the reflected light beam, wherein the holding device can be rotated about a rotational axis r and moved in the direction of a movement axis x, and the movement axis x comprises at least one movement component in a direction perpendicular to the rotational axis r. The holding device is used to fix the spectacle frame by spectacle frame bows, wherein at least one free space is provided in the region of the holding device, said free space being used to receive the spectacle frame bows of a spectacle frame to be held which are not folded in or cannot be folded in.

Abstract: An accelerometer instrument is provided for measuring acceleration. The instrument includes a laser, a Mach-Zender interferometer (MZI), a mechanical spring, a detector, a camera, and an analyzer. The laser emits a coherent light beam of photons. The MZI includes first and second beam-splitters along with first and second mirrors. The first mirror has an established mass m and connects to the spring for vibrating substantially perpendicular to its reflection plane. The mechanical spring has an established spring constant k. The MZI has an established weak measurement Nw based on a known offset ? for the beam-splitters. The detector detects the beam beyond the second beam-splitter. The camera provides a pointer measurement shift ?q of the photons. The camera is disposed after the detector. The analyzer determines the acceleration a based on a = ( k mN w ) ? ? q .

Abstract: An optical coherence tomography (OCT) system comprising: a splitter configured to receive and split an optical source beam generating a reference beam and a sample beam, the sample beam directed at a sample and interacting with the sample to generate a return beam; a delay module configured to receive and introduce an optical delay in the reference beam, to generate a delayed reflected beam configured to interfere with the return beam to generate an interferogram; a spatial filter system capable of filtering randomly scattered light from at least one of the return beam or the interferogram; and a detector array to receive the interferogram for spatial and spectral analysis.

Abstract: An optical imaging method is provided that can realize, at low cost, the extension of the imaging depth range. An optical imaging apparatus 400 is an apparatus that forms a tomographic image of an object using FD-OCT, and performs a scanning step, detection step and imaging step. In the scanning step, the object is scanned with a signal light while alternately changing the phase difference between the signal light and a reference light to two preset phase differences. In the detection step, interference light of the signal light passing through the object and the reference light is detected. In the imaging step, a tomographic image of the object is formed based on the detection results of a plurality of the interference lights sequentially obtained in the detection step according to the scanning.

Abstract: White-light snapshot channeled linear imaging (CLI) polarimeters include polarization gratings (PGs) configured to produce a compensated shear between portions of an input light flux in first and second polarization states. The disclosed CLI polarimeters can measure a 2-dimensional distribution of linear Stokes polarization parameters by incorporating two identical PGs placed in series along an optical axis. In some examples, CLI polarimeters are configured to produce linear (S0, S1, and S2) and complete (S0, S1, S2 and S3) channeled Stokes images.

Abstract: A light source device capable of varying a light oscillation wavelength includes a plurality of optical gain media, a dispersing element, and a wavelength selecting element. The optical gain media amplify light, and have gain wavelength bands that partially overlap and different maximum gain wavelengths. The dispersing element is formed of a single element. Each of light beams emitted from the optical gain media is incident on the dispersing element. The dispersing element disperses the light beams emitted from the optical gain media into light beams of different wavelengths. The wavelength selecting element selects a light beam of a predetermined wavelength from the light beams of different wavelengths into which the light beams emitted from the optical gain media are dispersed by the dispersing element. The light source device emits the light beam of the predetermined wavelength selected by the wavelength selecting element.