Abstract: It is disclosed a method for updating a cumulative residence time of a synchronization packet received at a node of a packet-switched communication network. The cumulative residence time is equal to a cumulative sum of residence times of the packet at nodes interposed between a further node which has generated the packet and the node. The node comprises an ingress circuit and an egress circuit. The method comprises: receiving the packet at the egress circuit from the ingress circuit; at a timestamp generator of the egress circuit, generating a timestamp; at the egress circuit, calculating a virtual timestamp based on the timestamp and on an estimated variable delay that will be undergone by the packet due to buffering in a buffer located downstream the timestamp generator; and, at the egress circuit, using the virtual timestamp for updating the cumulative residence time, before transmitting the packet to a still further node.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for sending response messages based on pending requests. A request message identifying a data packet may be received. A pending request structure may be used to determine output queues that are in need of the data packet identified in the request message. A response message may be sent indicating if the request message is being refused based on the output queues.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for sharing a transmission control protocol (TCP) port by a plurality of applications are provided. Embodiments include receiving, by a transmission controller from a client, a first TCP packet that includes an indication of a new TCP connection for a TCP port; determining, by the transmission controller, an origination of the first TCP packet; identifying, by the transmission controller, a TCP sequence number range associated with the determined origination; selecting, by the transmission controller, an initial sequence number (ISN) within the identified TCP sequence number range; and sending, by the transmission controller to the client, a second TCP packet that includes the selected ISN.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for delivering end-to-end Quality of Service (QoS) over Internet Protocol (IP) networks. According to one embodiment, a portion of available bandwidth between a first and second network device is reserved as a Quality of Service (QoS) resource pool for real-time communication sessions among users of a first and second user community. The first network device is communicatively coupled with a packet network and associated with the first user community. The second network device is communicatively coupled with the packet network and associated with the second user community.

Abstract: A digital television (DTV) system uses parallel concatenated coding (PCC), together with QAM constellations for modulating OFDM carriers. A first encoder responds to bits of randomized data to generate a first component of parallel concatenated coding. A second encoder responds to delayed bits of the randomized data to generate a second component of parallel concatenated coding. A constellation mapper generates QAM symbols responsive to successive time-slices of the first component of the PCC interleaved with successive time-slices of the second component of the PCC. An OFDM modulator generates a COFDM modulating signal responsive to the QAM symbols. In a receiver for the DTV system, the second component of the PCC and delayed first component of the PCC are iteratively decoded. Corresponding soft bits from the second component and delayed first component of the PCC are combined to supply soft randomized data used in that iterative decoding.

Abstract: A node for transmitting digital data over a network receives a plurality of packet data units and identifies at least two of the packet data units that have the same aggregation identifier. The node then forms an aggregate packet from the packet data units that have the same aggregation identifier and transmits the aggregate packet to a common destination node or nodes.

Abstract: Receivers with capability for iterative-diversity reception of COFDM digital television transmissions of repeated similarly coded data are described. Also described are receivers with capabilities for receiving COFDM digital television transmissions in which earlier transmissions of coded data are later followed by subsequent transmissions of the same data differently coded. The receivers use maximal-ratio code combining techniques for repeated components in the COFDM digital television transmissions. The receivers use turbo decoding techniques for concatenated coding of data in the COFDM digital television transmissions.

Abstract: To provide a communication apparatus and a packetization period change method that allow a packetization period/TDM period to change during a service of a TDM-PW system without affecting the service traffic, there is provided a communication apparatus that receives packetized data converted from TDM data, including a period information detection unit, a jitter buffer that stores the packetized data for a certain period of time, and a jitter buffer capacity control unit. The period information detection unit extracts packetization period information indicating a period to packetize TDM data contained in the received packetized data and acquires a TDM period to time-division multiplex the packetized data based on the packetization period information. The jitter buffer capacity control unit receives the acquired TDM period and controls a capacity of the jitter buffer in accordance with the TDM period.

Abstract: A beam generator for an aerial image generating apparatus includes a laser source for emitting a laser beam and a short wavelength beam source for generating a short wavelength beam by processing the laser beam such that the short wavelength beam is coherent with and has a wavelength shorter than that of the laser beam. A spectral unit includes a quartz plate and a spectral layer coated on a surface of the quartz plate. The spectral layer has a Brewster's angle greater than 70° with respect to the laser beam such that the short wavelength beam is reflected from the spectral unit without the laser beam, increasing the reflectivity of the shortwave beam while decreasing the reflectivity and absorptivity of the laser beam in the spectral unit.

Abstract: A method for arranging a high power fiber laser system includes spiraling an active fiber in a housing with a diameter of spiral gradually decreasing towards the center of th housing. The method further includes coupling the opposite free ends of the spiraled active fiber to respective passive fibers providing optical communication between the active fiber and discrete components. Thereafter, the passive fibers with the discrete components are arranged next to inner spirals of the active fiber.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an optical fiber grating that includes first and second gratings that configure an optical resonator, the method including: forming the first grating by radiating ultraviolet light to an optical fiber so that a irradiation intensity Z satisfies the following Equation 1: Z?(??S/x+0.04556 Y2+1.2225 Y)/(0.05625 Y2+1.6125 Y) . . . Equation 1, where, Z represents an irradiation intensity (mJ/mm2) of the ultraviolet light, ??S represents the maximum shift amount of a reflection center wavelength of the first grating that is allowed as long as reflection wavelengths of the first grating and second grating overlap each other, x represents a shift amount of the reflection center wavelength per temperature change of 1° C. (nm/° C.) in the first grating, and Y represents an intensity (W) of the wave-guided light.

Abstract: A CW ytterbium-doped fiber-laser includes a gain-fiber having a reflector proximity-coupled to one end, with the other end left uncoated. A laser resonator is defined by the reflector and the uncoated end of the gain-fiber. Pump-radiation from fast-axis diode-laser bar-stacks emitting at 915 nm and 976 nm is combined and focused into the uncoated end of the gain-fiber for energizing the fiber. Laser radiation resulting from the energizing is delivered from the uncoated end of the gain-fiber and separated from the pump-radiation by a dichroic minor.

Abstract: A system includes: a first nonlinear crystal arranged to receive to a first laser beam having a first wavelength ?1 and operable to generate, by frequency doubling of the first laser beam, a second laser beam having a second wavelength ?2, in which the second beam propagates collinearly with the first beam; a second nonlinear crystal arranged to receive the first and second laser beams from the first crystal, in which the second crystal is operable to generate, by frequency mixing of the first and second laser beams, a third laser beam having a third wavelength ?3; and one or more lenses between the first and second crystals, in which the one or more lenses are operable to spatially separate the first and second beams. The first and second laser beams propagate at an offset and/or titled with respect to an optical axis in order to cause the spatial separation.

Abstract: An optical transmitter implemented with an LD whose temperature is stably controlled is disclosed. A temperature of the LD is continuously monitored; and a difference from the target temperature and a time derivative thereof are calculated. When the time derivative becomes substantially zero, that is, the difference becomes an extremum, the convergent range for the time derivative is changed depending on the extremum, or an average of the current extremum and the previous extremum.

Abstract: The present invention concerns new designs of VCLs with high contrast gratings (HCG) combined with diamond layer as a bottom mirror. They can be realized either with a classical V-shaped pumping scenario, or through the introduction of the pumping beam from the bottom direction, through the HCG that can be designed to be transparent at the wavelength of the pumping light. They can also be completed by a HCG combined with diamond layer as top mirror, reflecting the pump diode laser and transparent to the VCL emission in the case the pumped and emitted beams are collinear.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a semiconductor laser element including: on a substrate, a laser structure section configured to include a semiconductor laminated structure having an n-type semiconductor layer, active layer and p-type semiconductor layer in this order, and a p-side electrode on top of the p-type semiconductor layer; a pair of resonator edges provided on two opposed lateral sides of the semiconductor laminated structure; and films made of a non-metallic material having a thermal conductivity higher than that of surrounding gas, and provided in the region of the top side of the laser structure section including the positions of the resonator edges.

Abstract: In at least one embodiment of the optoelectronic semiconductor chip (1), the latter is based on a nitride material system and comprises at least one active quantum well (2). The at least one active quantum well (2) is designed to generate electromagnetic radiation when in operation. Furthermore, the at least one active quantum well (2) comprises N successive zones (A) in a direction parallel to a growth direction z of the semiconductor chip (1), N being a natural number greater than or equal to 2. At least two of the zones (A) of the active quantum well (2) have mutually different average indium contents c. Furthermore the at least one active quantum well (2) fulfils the condition: 40??c(z)dz?2.5N?1.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is provided that has a VCSEL and a protection diode integrated therein and that has an additional intrinsic layer. The inclusion of the additional intrinsic layer increases the width of the depletion region of the protection diode, which reduces the amount of capacitance that is introduced by the protection diode. Reducing the amount of capacitance that is introduced by the protection diode allows the VCSEL to operate at higher speeds.

Abstract: There is described a high speed vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) comprising a substrate and first and second distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) disposed on the substrate, each comprising a stack of layers of alternating refractive index. A resonant cavity is disposed between the DBRs and an active region disposed in the resonant cavity. The resonant cavity is formed of material having low refractive index and has an optical thickness in a direction perpendicular to the substrate of ½?, where ? is the wavelength of light emitted by the VCSEL.

Abstract: A laser device includes a substrate, a lower cladding layer on the substrate, an active layer on the lower cladding layer, an upper cladding layer on the active layer, and a second order diffraction grating in a layer above the active layer and having dimensions of at least 100 ?m by 100 ?m. The second order diffraction grating diffracts and directs light generated in the active layer in a direction generally perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the upper cladding layer. A laser device further includes a first reflective film on a first end face of a resonator, and a second reflective film on a second end face of the resonator, the second end face being located at the opposite end of the resonator to the first end face.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a thermocouple abnormality detection system including: a plurality of thermocouples each including a plurality of thermocouple wires housed in a sheath; a transmission signal conversion unit configured to convert a thermo-electromotive force generated by each of the plurality of the thermocouple wires to a transmission signal and to output the transmission signal; a transmission unit configured to transmit the transmission signal outputted from the transmission signal conversion unit; and an abnormality detection circuit configured to detect an abnormality of each of the plurality of the thermocouples by comparing, with each other, the transmission signals obtained from the plurality of thermocouple wires provided in each of the thermocouples.

Abstract: A method and system for calibrating temperature measurement devices, such as pyrometers, in thermal processing chambers are disclosed. According to the present invention, the system includes a calibrating light source that emits light energy onto a substrate contained in the thermal processing chamber. A light detector then detects the amount of light that is being transmitted through the substrate. The amount of detected light energy is then used to calibrate a temperature measurement device that is used in the system.

Abstract: An in situ device for soil investigation including a probe for inserting into and advancing into the ground, the probe including: at least one dilatometer presenting at least one expandable membrane, a chamber for fluid to be fed to the dilatometer and expand the membrane, a compression/pressure regulator unit connected to the chamber and dilatometer, to generate and/or regulate the fluid pressure, a control unit for the connector and the dilatometer, electrical powering unit to power the dilatometer, compression/pressure regulator unit, control unit, and a pressure measurement unit, unit for storing pressure values, measured by the measurement unit, for the fluid fed to said dilatometer. These components all housed within the probe. The probe being a closed body without connections to the outside for feeding pressurized fluid to the dilatometer and/or for feeding control signals for the device. The chamber being the only fluid feed source for the dilatometer.

Abstract: An air flow measuring device includes a fitted part, a housing, a flow sensor, and a temperature sensor component. A projection shape of the fitted part onto an imaginary plane is a first circle. On the imaginary plane, a first point and a second point are located on the first circle or inward of the first circle, and a third point is located inward of the first circle. A diameter of an imaginary circle passing through the first, second, and third points is larger than a diameter of the first circle. The first, second, and third points have such a positional relationship that, when at least one of the first and second points comes into contact with an inner peripheral surface of an attachment hole at time of insertion of the housing into a duct, the third point is away from the inner peripheral surface of the attachment hole.

Abstract: A dispersion and loss spectrum auto-correction distributed optical fiber Raman temperature sensor has a dual fiber pulsed laser module with dual Raman wavelength shifts. The laser module is composed of a power supply (11), an electronic switch (12), a primary laser (13) and a secondary laser (14), a first combiner (15), a bidirectional coupler (16), a multimode fiber (17), an integrated optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer (18), a second combiner (19), a direct detection system (20), a signal collection and processing system (21) and a display (22). The sensor uses two light sources that have two Raman wavelength shifts, wherein the central wavelength of backward anti-Stokes Raman scattering peak of the primary light source coincides with that of the backward Stokes scattering peak centre wavelength of the secondary light source, and the time domain reflection signal of the one-way optical fiber Rayleigh scattering is deducted.

Abstract: The invention relates to a temperature sensor (24) for measuring the temperature on or in a living body. The temperature sensor (24) includes a plurality of thermocouples arranged distributed on a measurement surface (30) of the sensor (24) and electrically connected to create at least one series circuit, wherein thermojunctions (16, 18) formed by the thermocouples in each series circuit are divided into at least two, and preferably a total of two, spatially separate groups such that in each group when there is a change in temperature the thermojunctions (16, 18) cause an equivalent change in voltage.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a temperature measurement system including: a plurality of thermocouples; a transmission signal conversion unit configured to convert, to a transmission signal, the thermo-electromotive force generated by each of the plurality of the thermocouple and configured to output the transmission signal; a plurality of transmission units configured to transmit the transmission signal outputted from the transmission signal conversion unit; a first connection unit configured to connect between each of the plurality of the transmission units; a second connection unit configured to connect at least one of the plurality of transmission units to a processing unit configured to process the transmission signal; and a housing unit configured to house at least the first connection unit.

Abstract: A temperature detection device that detects a temperature of a rotor of a motor. The temperature detection device has a current detection unit configured to detect a current value of a current flowing through a winding with which any one of a stator and the rotor of the motor is provided, an iron loss estimation unit configured to estimate an iron loss of the rotor using the current value, and a rotor temperature estimation unit configured to estimate the temperature of the rotor using the iron loss.

Abstract: A base station in a cellular wireless communications system uses one or more control algorithms to control a transmission pattern of a 1xRTT or DO discovery beacon. The transmission pattern enables access terminals using any one of multiple wake-up periods and wake-up offsets to discover all macrocell frequencies in a finite amount of time. In addition, for base stations allocating a single transmit chain to both 1xRTT and DO beacons, the transmission pattern enables a definite maximum discovery time for both 1xRTT and DO beacons for all access terminals entering the base station coverage.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to methods for generating a dynamic pilot symbol structure in spread spectrum communication systems, and in particular to the use of pilot symbols by user equipment in channel estimation. In one form, the method includes, allocating basic pilot symbols at the beginning of each data chunk and spread over the plurality of sub-carrier frequencies; and selectively replacing data symbols in each data chunk with adaptive pilot symbols according to the speed of the user equipment.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a device in a frequency hopping communication network operate in a first mode according to a common broadcast schedule for the network that simultaneously overlays a first configured portion of all independently determined unicast listening schedules in the network. In response to determining a power outage condition, the device switches to operation in a power outage mode where the common broadcast schedule for the network in the power outage mode simultaneously overlays a second configured portion of all independently determined unicast listening schedules in the network, the second configured portion greater than the first configured portion. In one embodiment, the device broadcasts one or more power outage notifications (PONs) in response to determining the power outage condition as a reduction of a main power supply at the device. In another embodiment, the device receives a PON while powered as the power outage condition.

Abstract: A UE may store received samples of a wireless signal at cx1 to reduce memory usage, but then may correlate those samples with cx2 timing hypotheses to improve performance. The received sequence is resampled at cx2 instead of cx1. The UE still performs the correlation of the cx2 timing hypotheses for the performance gain, but the reference waveform is resampled with cx2 time offset. A Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) may be taken of the received and reference waveforms. In the frequency domain, resampling may be performed by multiplying the FFT of the reference waveform by a phase ramp—a pointwise multiplication in the frequency domain with a constant magnitude sequence whose phase varies linearly.

Abstract: The present embodiments include methods of time-frequency analyzing signals. Some embodiments provide methods of processing signals comprising: receiving a communication signal; adaptively partitioning the signal in a time domain into a plurality of windows of the signal; transforming each of the windows of the signal producing respective expansions in a frequency domain and obtaining respective samples of the windows of signal in the frequency domain; and mapping the samples in the frequency domain back into the time domain.

Abstract: Technologies for a wide-band linked-ring antenna element covering two adjacent K-band military and/or commercial receive bands are provided. The antenna element comprises a linked-ring conductive resonator that is electromagnetically coupled to at least one feed line. The conductive resonator and feed line are further surrounded by a Faraday cage that is conductively coupled to an electromagnetically-shielding ground plane and operable to shield the conductive resonator and the feed line.

Abstract: An adaptive Ethernet transceiver is disclosed. A joint decision feedback equalizer (DFE) and Trellis decoder is configured to decode a receiving signal. A decoder control unit is configured to adaptively disable a portion of the joint DFE and Trellis decoder in a non-specified link speed mode.

Abstract: A method, power switching system, and communications device supply power in a pulse width modulation (PWM) mode to a transceiver whenever the transceiver processes a low quality signal. A power supply mode (PSM) utility/controller determines a quality of a signal that is currently being processed by a transceiver, and when the quality of the signal is less than a pre-set threshold level, the PSM controller triggers the power supply to operate exclusively in the PWM supply mode. However, when the quality of the signal satisfies a preset threshold level, the PSM controller enables the power supply to autonomously switch between the PFM supply mode and the PWM supply mode. In one embodiment, the controller dynamically determines a power demand by the transceiver and when the power demand exceeds a preset threshold demand level, the controller triggers the power supply to operate exclusively in the PWM supply mode.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate generally to electrical and electronic hardware, computer software, wired and wireless network communications, and computing devices. More specifically, the embodiments related to structures and techniques for implementing multiple logical representations of audio functions in a wireless audio transmitter, such as a USB dongle configured to transmit and to receive audio data wirelessly via, for example, a Bluetooth link. In one embodiment, a wireless USB audio transceiver can include a multiple mode transmitter configured transmit wireless signals at multiple data rates. Further, the wireless USB audio transceiver can include a first data path modeled as a first audio function, and a second data path modeled as a second audio function. Also, included is a signal detector configured to determine the presence of the audio data on a data path for modifying transmission data rates as a function of the presence of the audio data.

Abstract: A discrete digital transceiver includes a receiver sample and hold module, a discrete digital receiver conversion module, a transmitter sample and hold module, a discrete digital transmitter conversion module, clock generation module, and a processing module. The receiver sample and hold module samples and holds an inbound wireless signal in accordance with a receiver S&H clock signal. The discrete digital receiver conversion module converts the receiver frequency domain sample pulse train into an inbound baseband signal. The transmitter sample and hold module samples and holds an outbound signal to produce a transmitter frequency domain sample pulse train. The discrete digital transmitter conversion module converts a transmitter frequency domain sample pulse train into the outbound wireless signal. The clock generation module generates S&H clock signals in accordance with a control signal. The processing module generates the control signal such that the S&H clock signals are shifted.

Abstract: A receiver includes an antenna interface, a frequency translation bandpass filter (FTBPF), a sample and hold module, and a down conversion module. The antenna interface is operable to receive a received wireless signal from an antenna structure and to isolate the received wireless signal from another wireless signal. The FTBPF is operable to filter the received wireless signal to produce an inbound wireless signal. The sample and hold module is operable to sample and hold the inbound wireless signal in accordance with an S&H clock signal to produce a frequency domain sample pulse train. The down conversion module is operable to convert the frequency domain sample pulse train into an inbound baseband signal.

Abstract: A mobile station is capable of wireless communication with a base station in a plurality of frequency bands. The mobile station includes a receiving unit, a detecting unit, an acquiring unit, and a transmitting unit. The receiving unit receives band information indicating a frequency band to be used in the wireless communication with the base station from the base station. The detecting unit detects whether a wireless module assigned wireless communication processing in the frequency band indicated in the received band information supports MIMO transmission. The acquiring unit acquires classification information identifying desired method information among method information associated with MIMO support information indicating that MIMO transmission is enabled when it has been detected that the wireless module supports MIMO transmission. The transmitting unit transmits the acquired classification information to the base station.

Abstract: In one aspect, a method for mitigating an effect of an interfering radio signal at a multiple antenna receiver includes forming an estimate of a relationship of the interfering signal among signals received from the multiple antennas. In general, the interfering signal does not share the same communication technology as a desired signal. The signals received from the multiple antennas filtered and combined according to the estimate of the relationship of the interfering channels to reduce an effect of the interfering signal. Desired data present in the desired signal represented in the filtered and combined signals is decoded and the estimate of the relationship of the interfering signals is updated according to the decoding of the desired signal.

Abstract: Systems and methods for multimode signal acquisition. The systems include a multimode receiver that is configured to determine a communication mode for a received signal. The receiver includes, for example, one or more analysis modules for analyzing a characteristic of a portion of the received signal (e.g., a preamble). The receiver samples the received signals and one or more analysis modules perform frequency analysis on the digital form of the received signal (e.g., using a Goertzel algorithm). The outputs of the analysis modules are then provided to a classification module. The classification module compares, for example, a power spectral density (“PSD”) value for one or more frequencies of interest specific to the different communication modes to predetermined PSD values at those frequencies to determine the communication mode. The receiver is then configured for the full acquisition of signals transmitted using the determined communication mode.

Abstract: In a method of adjusting a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) level for a transmission on a communication channel between a base station and a mobile terminal, at the base station: a target value for an error metric is defined; the error metric is measured; an MCS offset based on a degree of deviation of the measurement of the error metric from the target value is determined; an indication of a channel quality measurement for the communication channel is received from the mobile terminal; a pre-adjusted MCS level corresponding to the indication of the channel quality measurement is determined using a fixed mapping between a set of channel quality levels and a corresponding set of MCS levels; an adjusted MCS level is determined by adding the MCS offset to the pre-adjusted MCS level; and the adjusted MCS level is assigned to the transmission.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method and system for adaptively identifying signal bandwidth. The method includes: performing digitizing intermediate frequency processing to the received signal and outputting in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) signals; identifying signal bandwidth of the I/Q signals according to at least two signal identification templates and outputting the synchronized signal flows after a successful identification. A system for adaptively identifying signal bandwidth is also disclosed. The present invention can be compatible with at least two bandwidth modes, and the software can automatically perform identification and switch of the modulation bandwidth, when manual invention is not necessary and the operation is simple.

Abstract: Conventional mode adaptation does not account for the gain imbalance between channels for measurement and for data reception. Therefore, the precoder, which is selected based on the measurement channel, may not be the optimal precoder for the data reception channel. By maintaining relative SINR ordering between transmission modes, a receiver may select the transmission mode for a transmitter that maximizes the actual throughput even in the presence of inter-antenna gain increase or decrease.

Abstract: An evaluation device provides a transceiver system with performance information. The transceiver system models channels between a transmitter and a receiver thereof using Nakagami distribution with a fading parameter. The evaluation device includes a setting module, a computing module and an output module. The computing module is operable, based upon the fading parameter, an average SNR of the channels, a number of transmit antennas and a number of receive antennas, to estimate an average output SNR, a bit error rate and an outage probability related to signals received by the receiver. The output module is operable to provide the transceiver system with the average SNR and the estimated information as the performance information.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a recoverable Ethernet receiver. A joint decision feedback equalizer (DFE) and Trellis decoder is configured to decode a receiving signal to result in a received symbol, and configured to generate a check-idle value which is used to indicate an idle mode. A physical coding sublayer (PCS) block is configured to generate a seed value and a polarity characterization according to the received symbol, with the joint DFE and Trellis decoder generating the check-idle value according to the seed value and the polarity characterization.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to joint decision feedback equalizer (DFE) and Trellis decoder adaptable to an Ethernet transceiver. A Trellis coded modulation (TCM) decoder includes a one-dimensional branch metric unit (1D-BMU) configured to calculate 1D branch metrics; a four-dimensional branch metric unit (4D-BMU) configured to combine the 1D branch metrics to generate 4D branch metrics; an add-compare-select unit (ACSU) configured to perform add, compare and select (ACS) operations on the 4D branch metrics for each state to obtain path metrics; and a survivor memory unit (SMU) configured to store and keep track of symbols. A decision feedback unit (DFU) is coupled to receive the symbols from the SMU in order to estimate inter-symbol interference (ISI) quantity, which is then fed back to the 1D-BMU.

Abstract: A multi-phase partial response equalizer is disclosed. The equalizer includes receiver circuitry to receive a data symbol over N bit intervals and to generate N sets of samples in response to N clock signals having different phases. A first storage stage is provided, including storage elements to store the sets of samples during a common clock interval. First and second selection circuits are respectively coupled to an input and an output of the first storage stage. An output storage stage is coupled to the second selection circuit to store an output sample. The first and second selection circuits, over multiple clock intervals, cooperatively select the output sample from one of the sets of samples based on a most recent previous output sample.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method that partitions a first sequence of pictures into plural representations, encodes each of the plural representations independently of each other with a common time base, provides a first portion of the plural encoded representations based on a first network condition, the first portion having a first bit-rate, and provides a second portion of the plural encoded representations having a second bit-rate different than the first bit-rate, wherein a switch from providing the first portion to providing the second portion is responsive to a second network condition different than the first network condition.